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Newswise WASHINGTON, D.C., January 13, 2015 A simple method to sense DNA, as well as potential biomarker proteins of cancer or other diseases such as Alzheimers, may soon be within reach thanks to the work of a team of Yokohama National University researchers in Japan.

As the team reports in Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing, they created a photonic crystal nanolaser biosensor capable of detecting the adsorption of biomolecules based on the lasers wavelength shift.

Equally impressive, the nanolaser biosensor enables detection of the surface charge from its laser emission intensity, which in turn can also be used to sense the adsorption of biomolecules. Using laser intensity to detect biomolecules is potentially less expensive than the fluorescent tagging or spectroscopy techniques typically used in biosensors because it is a simpler procedure.

When the team first set out to explore photonic crystal nanolaser sensors, they werent focusing on the intensity of the laser emission because its sensitive to the quality of the fabricated laser and, frankly, they didnt expect it to show sensing signals.

In the beginning we focused on wavelength behavior, but quickly noticed that [the laser emission] intensity is influenced by both pH and polymers, noted Toshihiko Baba, a professor in Yokohama National Universitys Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Our results were very reproducible and, interestingly, we found that the behaviors of the wavelength and intensity are independent.

The team was surprised by these results, which they discovered when they deposited a protective film of thin zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) over the device using atomic layer deposition, and then tried sensing in liquids of high or low pH and liquids containing charged polymers. The coating was necessary to protect the nanolaser from damage and unwanted wavelength drift.

The nanolaser device can sense surface charge because the surface charge changes the occupancy rate of electrons at the surface states in the semiconductor of the nanolaser, Baba explained. This modifies the semiconductors emission efficiency.

So far, the teams work is the first report of the detection of surface charges using such photonic sensors. It enables detection of the adsorption of biomolecules from the nanolaser biosensor both in terms of wavelength and intensity, Baba said. Since it involves different physical parameters, the researchers can examine the details of the biomolecules.

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Photonic Crystal Nanolaser Biosensor Simplifies DNA Detection

Chicago, IL (PRWEB) January 13, 2015

DNA Spectrum, a leading consumer genomics company, constantly updates the public with original content designed to inform the public about this constantly changing field. In its latest article "Genetic Storage: Cord Blood vs. DNA", the company compares and contrasts two current genetic storage methods: umbilical blood banking and DNA sample collection. While both methods have merit, DNA collection has proven to be an increasingly cost-effective and efficient option for the common consumer.

DNA storage has proven itself to be advantageous over cord blood banking for a number of reasons. First, the sample harvesting process is relatively simple. Most DNA stored samples are collected via cheek swabs, which is an easy and non-intrusive method versus attempting to collect umbilical cord blood immediately after birth. Second, the preservation costs are dramatically reduced. DNA Spectrum provides DNA storage plans that cost $2 per month.

Advances in genetic sequencing continue at a rapid pace leading to continuous medical breakthroughs. Research now shows that 90 percent of cancers are primarily caused by genetic mutations. By isolating the causes of such diseases to their genetic components, the opportunities to cure them are likely around the corner. An individuals human DNA will change over time, often due to environmental damage. People are able to safely store intact copies of their genomes are beneficially positioned for these future treatment advances. This insurance is the primary impetus behind DNA storage.

Stored DNA samples may also be useful for genetic disorder treatment or delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Genetic information is not only important for the sample-providing individual. Future generations may also be able to use DNA samples from family members to determine illness predispositions and other purposes which have not yet been developed. Having this information readily available could facilitate early treatment for these individuals in order to avoid complications related to serious illness or disease and the potential for customized therapies.

Many parents consider storing their childrens umbilical cord blood as a means to harvest still-generative stem cells for future usage as a means of ensuring the childs future health. Cord blood stem cells have already been used to successfully treat over seventy different diseases including leukemia, aplastic anemia, and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Given stem cells ability to transform into virtually any other cell within the human body, they are valued for their regenerative properties and the hope of staving off future life-threatening diseases. However, despite their medical value, cord blood stems cannot be considered magic bullets that fix all genetic conditions.

The current chances that a family member will actually end up using this biological material for serious disease treatment is one in 2,700. What compounds the issue are the storage costs associated with umbilical cord blood. Private banking costs can approach $2000 USD in the first year alone. While public banks are an alternative, in which cord blood is made available via a national registry, few U.S. hospitals actively collect it for storage. In essence, most families are forced to pay exorbitant fees for genetic material that statistically-speaking is virtually unused.

Compared to simple DNA storage, private cord blood banking costs approximately 83 times the amount for that same first year. Additionally, DNA storage can be deployed in cases of missing children or identification in criminal cases; having a complete genome sample readily available in times of emergency is not only invaluable but proven desirable. In a BBC-commissioned opinion poll, 66 percent of participants stated they would voluntarily submit their own DNA samples if said samples were used to aid crime detection and prevention.

In essence, companies like DNA Spectrum, are creating the future now and make it affordable for every family. DNA storage provides parents with a stable and cost-effective means to store a genetic profile from their childs young age as a benchmark or snapshot. Compared against cord bloods helpful yet cost-prohibitive benefits, DNA storage is where future generations will migrate to in preserving their health and history.

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DNA Spectrum Defines Benefits of DNA Storage in Latest Article "Genetic Storage: Cord Blood vs. DNA"

Endogenous retroviruses have three common genes - gag, env and pol Scientists believe retrovirus DNA makes up around 5% of human genome For years, they were considered junk DNA and a side-effect of evolution New research indicates that, over the course of evolution, the viruses took an increasingly firm hold on cellular control During which time, they may have made brain cells 'active and dynamic'

By Victoria Woollaston for MailOnline

Published: 05:22 EST, 13 January 2015 | Updated: 05:46 EST, 13 January 2015

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Its long been known that DNA from so-called retroviruses make up around five per cent of our genetic makeup.

But for years, this was dubbed junk DNA with no real use, and was considered to be a side-effect of evolution - until now.

New research suggests that, over the course of evolution, the viruses took an 'increasingly firm hold' on how cells work, and they may have made brain cells in particular more active and dynamic, ultimately making us smarter.

DNA from retroviruses (HIV pictured) make up around five per cent of our genetic makeup, but for years, this was considered to be a side-effect of evolution. New research suggests that, over the course of evolution, the viruses took hold of how cells work, and may have made brain cells in particular more active and dynamic

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'Junk' virus genes in our DNA may have helped our brain cells evolve

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TJ and his girlfriend,Avanti were shocked when the results came back that he was not the father of their child Avanti took a couple of DNA tests but the results came back the same way Avanti...

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Solar flare took the form of DNA 11 January 2015
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