Category Archives: DNA

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Healing music 432HZ DNA REPAIR MODE 40 mins - Video

1st DNA on AW (must watch)
Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare https://store.sonyentertainmentnetwork.com/#!/tid=CUSA00803_00.

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1st DNA on AW (must watch) - Video

BREAKING NEWS ROMANIA - Sebastian Ghita este audiat ca suspect la DNA Ploiesti
BREAKING NEWS ROMANIA - Sebastian Ghita este audiat ca suspect la DNA Ploiesti in cazul cumnatului lui Victor Ponta Noi informm or de or romnii de pretutindeni ! Breaking News Bucharest...

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BREAKING NEWS ROMANIA - Sebastian Ghita este audiat ca suspect la DNA Ploiesti - Video

AW: "SOLO" DNA! w/Switch Weapon || Piv savelassa
Oisko 2tykkyst? pelaaja: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs-3kNqDp7Pv3aWFZ1EItdA.

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AW: "SOLO" DNA! w/Switch Weapon || Piv savelassa - Video

OMG! Triple DNA/DNS Fail: AW .... Serious dreht durch..
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OMG! Triple DNA/DNS Fail: AW .... Serious dreht durch.. - Video

Advanced Warfare - "DNA BOMB" w/KILLING_PROS
Thanks guys for watching ,i hope you enjoyed please leave a like and subscribe -Check out other videos Black Ops 2 Nuked Out Fail -http://youtu.be/bQTQY33QRvM Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb...

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Advanced Warfare - "DNA BOMB" w/KILLING_PROS - Video

Taking inspiration from the way fossilized bones can preserve genetic material for hundreds of thousands of years, researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a "synthetic fossil" by writing digital information on DNA and then encapsulating it in a protective layer of glass.

Most of our digital data is stored with technology that is designed to work in the short term, but which cant really stand the test of time. Standard hard disk drives wont last more than a few decades and are subject to damage from high temperatures, moisture, magnetic fields and mechanical failures. Even solid state drives, which perform better and are less susceptible to mechanical issues, will lose their data if they go unpowered for more than a few months.

One interesting solution could be to store digital data using strands of DNA. As far-fetched as this may sound, there are a couple of very good reasons that make this an attractive proposition. Firstly, DNA can store information with a data density so high that it can be hard to fathom: a single living cell can contain millions of nucleobases and each can represent at least one bit of information, for a data density approaching one petabyte (million gigabytes) per cubic millimeter. Add to this the fact that under the right conditions fossils can preserve genetic material for millions of years, and you have the perfect candidate for long-term data storage. This is exactly what Dr. Robert Grass and team at ETH Zurich are trying to achieve.

As youll remember from high school biology, DNA is encoded by four nucleobases, meaning that each of them can, in theory, represent up to two bits of information. After limitations dictated by the technical challenges of synthesizing and sequencing nucleotides, and with the addition of redundant bits (which make up 35 percent of total data) to protect against data corruption, the final rate is an impressive 1.2 bits of useful data for each nucleotide.

Dr. Grass and team began their experiment by storing 83 kilobytes of information (Switzerlands Federal Charter of 1291 and Archimedes The Methods of Mechanical Theorems) inside 4,991 DNA segments, each 158 nucleotides long. Then, to protect the DNA from degenerating over time, the researchers created a de facto "synthetic fossil" by encapsulating it in 150-nanometer silica spheres, which prevent the genetic material from chemically reacting with the environment. To read the data back, the nanospheres need to be exposed to a fluoride solution which dissolves the silica but leaves the DNA intact.

Digital systems designed to store data for the very long term (from high-density crystals to rugged tungsten discs) usually aim for very high levels of heat resistance. The reason for this is that the generally accepted way to estimate long-term durability and data retention in the lab is to subject the storage medium to high levels of heat. Encapsulating DNA in silica (glass) is specifically meant to provide that level of protection.

In this case, the researchers simulated the degradation of the DNA by exposing it to temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees Celsius (140160 F) for up to a month, which replicated the chemical degradation that would have taken place over thousands of years.

Current technology incurs a lot of mistakes while both writing and reading data from DNA, but the redundant bits written alongside the original data showed their use here.

"After storing the DNA for a simulated 10,000 years in the fridge at 4 C [40 F], about 80 percent of the sequences contain at least one error and about 8 percent of the sequences are completely lost," Grass told Gizmag. "Still, due to the smart redundancy we have added by the Reed-Solomon coding, we are able to decode the data without final error."

The scientists calculated that if the same data had been stored at even lower temperatures, such as at the -18 C (0 F) found inside the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, it would have survived for over a million years.

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DNA storage could preserve data for millions of years

For the first time scientists from Ume University show the importance of DNA damage in fine tuning of our innate immune system and hence the ability to mount the optimal inflammatory response to infections and other biological dangers. The study is published on 17th February in the journal Immunity (CellPress).

The research group of Nelson Gekara within the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) at Ume University is interested in understanding how the innate immune system, our first line of defense is regulated and how defects in the immune system contribute to infectious and inflammatory diseases. Our immune system does not lie idle waiting to be attacked before it responds. Even in the absence of infections, our immune system is in a constant state of alert. Among the immune mediators that are constantly produced at low levels and which keep our immune system awake are a group of factors called type I interferon. A very delicate balance in the production of type I interferons is essential for health: insufficient production results in susceptibility to viral infections, while excessive production normally leads to autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.

One of the questions Gekaras lab has been studying is aimed to understand the signaling processes that control type I interferon production and in particular to identify the endogenous "danger signals" that constantly trigger basal production of interferons and therefore keep our immune system in a "ready to attack" state? The clue to this question came from a rare but complex disease called Ataxia telangiectasia (AT). This disease is characterized by multiple features including neurodegeneration, increased cancer risk, sterility and accelerated aging. Furthermore, AT patients are prone to various autoimmune/inflammatory syndromes. Currently there is no cure or specific treatment for this disease.

While studying immune cells from AT patients, in collaboration with Torben Ek, medical doctor at Hallands hospital Halmstad, scientists in Gekaras lab observed that AT patients cells produced abnormally high type I interferons spontaneously even in the absence of infections. Such cells were therefore able to mount a stronger and hence protective response against viruses, compared to those from healthy subjects which could not survive the infection. This very surprising observation gave the MIMS scientists inspiration to study the underlying processes on the molecular level. With the help of studies in genetically engineered mouse models, the researchers were able to decipher the immune signaling mechanisms more in detail. And they show for the first time that DNA breaks are the "endogenous danger signals" that trigger the basal type I interferon response that keeps our immune system alert.

DNA damage -- Infection -- Inflammation -- Cancer

Our DNA, the home to ca 23,000 genes that control all aspects of our physiology is the most precious content in our body. DNA is under constant threat of damage from otherwise normal cellular events such as DNA replication, endogenous metabolic mutagens or damaging agents such as irradiation, UV light or environmental chemicals. Furthermore, many microbes are known to cause damage to DNA such as by directly inserting their DNA into the host DNA or by releasing mutagens which can react with and damage DNA. To mitigate this continuing threat, considerable amount of the housekeeping maintenance activities of the cell are devoted to DNA safety and integrity. Indeed one of the most ancient and highly conserved signaling molecules in eukaryotic life are those dedicated to the repair of DNA breaks. However, in the event of major DNA damages, such signaling molecules trigger a cell death program thus ensuring that damaged DNA is not passed on to daughter cells. Defects in DNA repair machinery normally increases chances that mutations in genes that control cells death will occur. And when that happens this often leads to uncontrolled cells growth and hence cancer development.

In AT patients, a central component in the DNA repair, the molecule ATM, is defective. Nelson Gekara and his colleagues were able to show that small DNA fragments generated from the DNA-breaks accumulate in the cytoplasm of AT patients' cells where they are recognized by innate immune receptors that normally detect viral DNA. This "false alarm" of viral invasion results in the production of type I interferon which in turn drives the innate immune system into an agitated state ready for a rapid and amplified response to danger signal. The upside of this chain of events is an enhanced and hence protective response to viral infections. The downside however is that such an agitated immune system is often hyper reactive and may account for severe inflammatory disease observed in AT patients.

This discovery of an unexpected link showing how genomic instability impacts our innate immune system provides a new perspective on the interconnection between infection, inflammatory disease and cancer development that may aid further clinical studies and eventually influence the management of these disease types.

"Our project is an example of how studies of relatively rare diseases can result in astonishing findings and discoveries that have impact on general understanding of cell regulation and signaling, in this case how DNA damage influences our innate immune system," continues Gekara who is grateful for the support from medical doctors and AT patients.

"Without the interest and support of medical doctors and the AT patients this study would not have been possible."

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DNA-damage causes immune reaction, inflammation; linked to cancer development

Fast DNA-sequencing machines are leading to simple blood tests for cancer.

Availability: now

A blood test to catch cancer early.

Cancer kills some eight million people a year around the world.

Everything about China is big, including its cancer problem. In some wealthier cities, like Beijing, cancer is now believed to be the most frequent killer. Air pollution, high rates of smoking, and notorious cancer villages scarred by industrial pollution are increasing death rates around the country. Liver cancer in particular is four times as prevalent as it is in the West, in part because one in 14 people in China carry hepatitis B, which puts them at risk. Of all the people worldwide who die of cancer each year, some 27 percent are Chinese.

In December, I traveled by metro from Shenzhen to Hong Kong. There I had arranged to meet Dennis Lo, a doctor who has worked for nearly 20 years on a technique called the liquid biopsy, which is meant to detect liver and other cancers very earlyeven before symptoms ariseby sequencing the DNA in a few drops of a persons blood.

Lo appeared fastidiously dressed as usual in a sharp blazer, a habit that called to mind formal dinners at the University of Oxford, where he studied in the 1980s. He is well known for having been the first to show that a fetus sheds bits of its DNA into the bloodstream of its mother. That finding, first made in 1997, has in recent years led to a much safer, simpler screening test for Down syndrome. By now more than one million pregnant women have been tested.

Today Lo is competing with labs around the world to repeat that scientific and commercial success by developing cancer screening tests based on a simple blood draw. Thats possible because dying cancer cells also shed DNA into a persons blood. Early on, the amount is vanishingly smalland obscured by the healthy DNA that also circulates. That makes it difficult to measure. But Lo says the objective is simple: an annual blood test that finds cancer while its curable.

Cancers detected at an advanced stage, when they are spreading, remain largely untreatable. In the United States, early detection is behind medicines most notable successes in applying technology to cut deaths from common cancers. Half of the steep decline in deaths from colorectal cancer is due to screening exams like colonoscopies.

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Liquid Biopsy

A global network of millions of genomes could be medicines next great advance.

Availability: 1-2 years

Technical standards that let DNA databases communicate.

Your medical treatment could benefit from the experiences of millions of others.

Noah is a six-year-old suffering from a disorder without a name. This year, his physicians will begin sending his genetic information across the Internet to see if theres anyone, anywhere, in the world like him.

A match could make a difference. Noah is developmentally delayed, uses a walker, speaks only a few words. And hes getting sicker. MRIs show that his cerebellum is shrinking. His DNA was analyzed by medical geneticists at the Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario. Somewhere in the millions of As, Gs, Cs, and Ts is a misspelling, and maybe the clue to a treatment. But unless they find a second child with the same symptoms, and a similar DNA error, his doctors cant zero in on which mistake in Noahs genes is the crucial one.

In January, programmers in Toronto began testing a system for trading genetic information with other hospitals. These facilities, in locations including Miami, Baltimore, and Cambridge, U.K., also treat children with so-called Mendelian disorders, which are caused by a rare mutation in a single gene. The system, called MatchMaker Exchange, represents something new: a way to automate the comparison of DNA from sick people around the world.

One of the people behind this project is David Haussler, a bioinformatics expert based at the University of California, Santa Cruz. The problem Haussler is grappling with now is that genome sequencing is largely detached from our greatest tool for sharing information: the Internet. Thats unfortunate because more than 200,000 people have already had their genomes sequenced, a number certain to rise into the millions in years ahead. The next era of medicine depends on large-scale comparisons of these genomes, a task for which he thinks scientists are poorly prepared. I can use my credit card anywhere in the world, but biomedical data just isnt on the Internet, he says. Its all incomplete and locked down. Genomes often get moved around in hard drives and delivered by FedEx trucks.

Haussler is a founder and one of the technical leaders of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, a nonprofit organization formed in 2013 that compares itself to the W3C, the standards organization devoted to making sure the Web functions correctly. Also known by its unwieldy acronym, GA4GH, its gained a large membership, including major technology companies like Google. Its products so far include protocols, application programming interfaces (APIs), and improved file formats for moving DNA around the Web. But the real problems it is solving are mostly not technical. Instead, they are sociological: scientists are reluctant to share genetic data, and because of privacy rules, its considered legally risky to put peoples genomes on the Internet.

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Internet of DNA