Category Archives: DNA

Research team finds DNA uncoils from nucleosome asymmetrically in recent publication in Cell

IMAGE:University of Illinois members Jaya Yodh, research assistant professor and CPLC Director of Education and Outreach, Thuy Ngo, graduate research assistant, and Taekjip Ha, Gutgsell Professor of Physics. view more

To pack two meters of DNA into a microscopic cell, the string of genetic information must be wound extremely carefully into chromosomes. Surprisingly the DNA's sequence causes it to be coiled and uncoiled much like a yoyo, scientists reported in Cell.

"We discovered this interesting physics of DNA that its sequence determines the flexibility and thus the stability of the DNA package inside the cell," said Gutgsell Professor of Physics Taekjip Ha, who is a member of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois. "This is actually very elementary DNA physics. Many people thought we should have known this many decades ago, but there are still surprises in the physics of DNA."

The DNA is packaged into chromosomes, which resemble beaded bracelets. The string of DNA is coiled around beads, called histones, to create nucleosomes. These nucleosomes are braided together into beaded strings that are intricately woven into chromosomes.

Scientists knew the DNA could be uncoiled from the nucleosome, but it was assumed that the two ends were symmetric, meaning uncoiling the DNA would be like untying a shoe. University of Illinois researchers found that the DNA is actually very asymmetric, like the string wrapped around a yoyo. Pulling on one end of DNA will simply tighten the coil while pulling on the other will cause it to uncoil like a yoyo.

The physics of this nucleosome packaging is determined by the DNA's sequence, which makes the strand of DNA flexible enough to satisfy two conflicting principles: it has to be stable enough to compact DNA, but dynamic enough so the strand can be uncoiled and read to make proteins.

"There are many good studies that show that if you change the sequence of the gene, then it will affect other things. Different proteins may be created because they require certain sequences for binding and so on," said Ha. "But no one had really thought about sequence changes having an effect on DNA physics, which in turn cause changes in the biology."

Ha's research has shown that it is easier for the cell's protein-making machinery to read from the "weak" end of the nucleosome that uncoils more easily. They believe that genetic mutations related to diseases, like cancer, alter the stability of the nucleosome.

"This could have a major impact on how the information is read out and how different proteins are produced," Ha said. "For example, cancer-fighting proteins or cancer-causing proteins may be made differently depending on the changes in DNA flexibility and stability caused by mutations."

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Scientists find DNA is packaged like a yoyo

Perfectly-preserved remains were found in the Sakha Republic permafrost The extinct animals was said to have been frozen for about 28,000 years Experts took samples of bone marrow from the creature in Siberia Samples will be examined in Yakutsk and by scientists in South Korea Team hopes to clone the prehistoric animal and create artificial living cells

By Will Stewart In Moscow for MailOnline and Victoria Woollaston for MailOnline

Published: 12:41 EST, 16 March 2015 | Updated: 15:16 EST, 16 March 2015

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In a bid to potentially bring the woolly mammoth back from the dead scientists have begun extracting DNA from the remains of a beast found in Siberia.

A team of experts took samples of bone marrow from the extinct creature's front left leg during a special symposium at a university in Siberia on Monday.

The samples will be examined at a laboratory in Yakutsk and by scientists in South Korea with the hope of being able to clone one of the prehistoric animals.

A team of experts took samples of bone marrow from the extinct creature's front left leg during a symposium at a university in Siberia on Monday (pictured). The samples will be examined at a laboratory in Yakutsk and by scientists in South Korea with the hope of being able to clone one of the prehistoric animals

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Scientists extract DNA from extinct woolly mammoth to bring the species back

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