Category Archives: Technology

As some of the worlds largest companies invest billions to advance battery technology, Dominic Spooner has been working at solving the next problem: the impact of unwieldy and environmentally unfriendly battery casings.

Spooner runs his lightweight battery casing technology firm Vaulta from a shared garage in Brisbanes north. Batteries will change our lives in ways that were maybe not even totally aware of, but we can create our own new group of problems if were not careful, he says.

From a workspace surrounded by packing boxes and other junk, like an old door, Spooner and his team have caught global attention.

This year Vaulta has signed agreements with aerospace and car battery companies, including one with Braille Battery an American manufacturer of ultra-lightweight batteries for Nascar, IndyCar and the Australian Supercars.

Last month the company received a $297,500 federal grant to commercialise its technology.

For those still sceptical about the extent and pace of global innovation being directed towards battery technology, the International Energy Agency says patents for energy storage inventions have grown four times faster than the rest of the technology sector, and are set to catalyse clean energy transitions around the world.

In 2020, Samsung spent US$710m (A$950m) on research and development of next-generation electric vehicle (EV) batteries. An Israeli firm has this year begun production of an EV battery that can charge in five minutes.

So how does a tiny garage-bound Brisbane startup find its place among global giants in the rush to innovate?

It seems like almost every other day there are tech advancements in the cells, cell types, cell shapes, cell geometry coming out of the US or Europe, Spooner says.

But the way theyre being packaged, the way theyre being housed, was just being overlooked.

Vaultas technology reduces the number of components used in battery cases. The casings reduce the battery size by about 18%. They also dont weld parts together, which means they can be taken apart and reused rather than dumped a start on preventing some of the 98% of disused batteries that goes into landfill.

Spooner says the lightbulb moment was a decision to work towards making a casing that could be disassembled.

At the end of that first life, can you replace cells? Can you change them over? Is any of that feasible? What we started realising was we were just scratching the surface.

Because were not welding the cells, when they come out of that casing they have the same properties as when they went in, and they are better set up for reuse scenarios.

[Battery innovation] is driven by performance further, longer, cheaper ... all the things that are going the help the take-up of batteries. But weve also got the time to do something right now, to do them in a smarter way. Its not just about recycling and reuse, but how can we get them into peoples hands.

In an electric car, the battery can weigh several hundred kilograms about a third of the cars total weight.

Audrey Quicke, a climate and energy researcher at the Australia Institute, says about a quarter of the cost of an electric vehicle comes from the battery under the hood.

Upfront cost is one of the biggest barriers to EV uptake in Australia, Quicke says. Although the fuelling and maintenance costs are cheap compared to petrol and diesel vehicles, its the upfront sticker price that stands out in the showroom. Any tech developments that bring down the price of batteries would likely help increase EV sales.

Quicke says a 2018 Senate inquiry recommended a comprehensive EV manufacturing roadmap, which would also cover battery and component manufacturing, but that many of the recommendations remain unrealised.

EVs and batteries are not a high priority in the governments technology roadmap, and theres no federal electric vehicle strategy to speak of, she says.

Thank you for your feedback.

But the writing is on the wall. It is the state governments and tech entrepreneurs that are driving the EV, charging and battery innovation in Australia. Imagine what could be achieved with a nationally consistent supportive EV policy environment to provide direction for this transition.

Spooner says the company doesnt intend to produce battery casings at a commercial scale. Rather the aim is to license the technology and to work with manufacturers in Australia and overseas. But he says the ability to reduce the weight of batteries could unlock a second tranche of innovation.

Flying cars, for instance, no longer sound like a film fantasy and could be on the market within a decade.

It could really open the door here or overseas for vehicle makers and for [vehicles] that dont exist yet, Spooner says.

Locally theres not a huge EV industry in Australia, but thats not to say there wont be. Theres advanced aerospace ... manned and unmanned. Stationary storage is here to stay as well.

Percentage gains in those sorts of fields are really exciting to be a part of for a car to be delivered as concept, then to be reined in and delivered to the mass consumer.

The boundaries for new technology to enter the market would be less.

But batteries also have a big role to play right now. In a lot of ways its a mature technology in its early stages of rollout.

At the outset of the pandemic as Spooner began to work on the battery casing technology, he spotted a neighbour, an engineer, working in the garage of a nearby home.

Vaulta sublet the space soon after and has no immediate plans to leave. For one thing, its too convenient right around the corner from Spooners home, which allows plenty of time to spend with his young daughter.

When we talk about the garage, its actually an upgrade from where we were, Spooner says.

We were working from home. We basically worked through emails, phone calls, text messages.

Through Covid weve managed to find a way to do business with Canada, parts of the US. You just kind of adjust and I actually quite like it. You cant beat the commute and were pretty comfortable there, to be honest.

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Lightbulb moment: the battery technology invented in a Brisbane garage that is going global - The Guardian Australia

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, July 17, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Core One Labs Inc. (CSE: COOL), (OTC: CLABF), (Frankfurt: LD6, WKN: A3CSSU) (Core One or the Company) is pleased to announce that Dr. Robert E.W. Hancock, the Companys Chairman, and CEO of its wholly owned subsidiary Vocan Biotechnologies Inc. (Vocan) will be presenting at a Company hosted Virtual Town Hall meeting on Wednesday, August 4, 2021 at 1:30 p.m. PST/ 4:30 p.m. ET/ 22:30 p.m. CET.

The Virtual Town Hall event will comprise of a presentation by Dr. Hancock on the status of Vocans production of biosynthetic psilocybin and will include live video from the Companys operating laboratory in Victoria, British Columbia. Dr. Hancock will also be answering questions from investors.

2021 has been a significant year for Core One Labs, and our teams have been very focused on building a company that we truly feel sets precedent in the psychedelics space. Our multi-faceted business model envisions a Company that addresses the full psychedelics cycle; from research in proprietary product development, developing and implementing appropriate clinical trials research, as well as addressing the treatment needs of clients in their various journeys to attaining sustained mental health well-being, stated Joel Shacker, CEO of the Company.

This is a vision that every one of our team members is committed to, and diligently works towards. In the past few months the Company has accomplished significant milestones, and I am very excited to announce that our Company Chairman, psychedelics as alternative medicines visionary, and world renowned scientist, Dr. Robert Hancock will be presenting in the Companys first-ever Investors virtual town hall to provide all market participants with in-depth insight into some of our exciting developments.

About Core One Labs Inc.

Core One is a biotechnology research and technology life sciences enterprise focused on bringing psychedelic medicines to market through novel delivery systems and psychedelic assisted psychotherapy. Core One has developed a patent pending thin film oral strip (the technology) which dissolves instantly when placed in the mouth and delivers organic molecules in precise quantities to the bloodstream, maintaining excellent bioavailability. The Company intends to further develop and apply the technology to psychedelic compounds, such as psilocybin. Core One also holds an interest in medical clinics which maintain a combined database of over 275,000 patients. Through these clinics, the integration of its intellectual property, R&D related to psychedelic treatments and novel drug therapies, the Company intends to obtain regulatory research approval for the advancement of psychedelic-derived treatments for mental health disorders.

Story continues

Core One Labs Inc.

Joel ShackerChief Executive Officer

FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: info@core1labs.com 1-866-347-5058

Cautionary Disclaimer Statement:

The Canadian Securities Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of the content of this news release.

Information set forth in this news release contains forward-looking statements that are based on assumptions as of the date of this news release. These statements reflect managements current estimates, beliefs, intentions, and expectations. They are not guarantees of future performance. The Company cautions that all forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and that actual performance may be affected by a number of material factors, many of which are beyond the Companys control. Such factors include, among other things: risks and uncertainties relating to the Companys limited operating history and the need to comply with strict regulatory regulations. Accordingly, actual and future events, conditions and results may differ materially from the estimates, beliefs, intentions and expectations expressed or implied in the forward-looking information. Except as required under applicable securities legislation, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking information.

In addition, psilocybin is currently a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Canada) and it is a criminal offence to possess substances under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Canada) without a prescription or authorization. Health Canada has not approved psilocybin as a drug for any indication. Core One does not have any direct or indirect involvement with illegal selling, production, or distribution of psychedelic substances in jurisdictions in which it operates. While Core One believes psychedelic substances can be used to treat certain medical conditions, it does not advocate for the legalization of psychedelics substances for recreational use. Core One does not deal with psychedelic substances, except within laboratory and clinical trial settings conducted within approved regulatory frameworks.

See the article here:

Core One Labs to Present on its Proprietary Biosynthetic Psilocybin Technology at Investor Town Hall Event on August 4, 2021 - Yahoo Finance

When Terre Haute attorney Michael Ellis and his clients appeared at a bankruptcy hearing recently, they didnt have to travel to the federal courthouse on Ohio Street.

Instead, they each appeared via video from different locations, as did the bankruptcy trustee who administered the case.

My client was able to stay home taking care of two disabled children, Ellis said. Her husband was at work. He took a break and called in to the hearing. She didnt have to get child care. And I didnt have to go to court. It was just as successful, and it got the job done.

In Vigo County trial courtrooms, defendants and plaintiffs with internet access are also attending criminal and civil hearings remotely. And the public has been able to watch the judicial system in action by tuning in to a statewide audiovisual communication network approved by the Indiana Supreme Court.

The network was put in place to comply with social distancing and stay-at-home orders issued during the coronavirus pandemic.

Despite the publics affinity for televised courtroom debates and investigative rehashing of real crime cases, a prohibition on cameras in Indiana courtrooms has long kept video viewers out of trial action.The coronavirus pandemic changed that for the courts, to some extent, and for the public as well.

As one Terre Haute attorney said recently during a discussion of video court, My wife used to watch all of the real crime shows on TV. Now shes hooked on our courtroom livestream and she thinks its more interesting. She can see what I do in the courtroom.

Many attorneys have been hesitant to talk on record about whether they like or dislike the video hearing process in case their comments or opinions are turned against them in future legal matters.

Vigo County Prosecutor Terry Modesitt said he believes the livestreaming and Zoom conferencing of hearings and trials has worked fairly well, minus some internet connectivity issues at times.

When you think about it, it helps with security by allowing people to watch a trial from home rather than coming to the courtroom and having it jammed with people, Modesitt said.

COVID-19 forces changes

Indianas court systems made multiple adjustments to continue functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

With the receipt of federal CARES Act funds last year, both state and federal court systems have added and supported technology to help courts function with social distancing and to become as paperless as possible.

Its been a change that legal experts like Joel Schumm, clinical professor of law at the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, have been watching with interest.

I suspect there will be serious discussions and proposals to make cameras in trial courtrooms an option or even required going forward, McKinney said. The livestreams, which are optional, seem to have worked well. Many judges and lawyers are now more comfortable with cameras in courtrooms having lived through livestreaming the past year.

Indiana has been historically quite resistant to allowing cameras in trial courtrooms, Schumm said. The exception has been webcasts of oral arguments in front of the Indiana Supreme Court and Court of Appeals for the past two decades.

In her recent State of the Judiciary address, Indiana Chief Justice Loretta Rush lauded the adjustments made by court staff around the state to keep the courtrooms active and the wheels of justice turning.

Our judges were determined to keep courts across the state operational, and technology was the key, Rush said. We bought hundreds of Zoom licenses and laptops and we even built our own application to host live court proceedings online to make them available to the public. And you know what? People watched.

Rush stopped short of saying whether livestreaming and remote hearings in Indiana would continue once pandemic-related restrictions are removed and courtrooms become fully open to the public.

Former Vigo Circuit Court Judge David Bolk, now a professor of constitutional law at Indiana State University, admits he was resistant to the use of video hearings.

From my personal experience, I was not a fan of doing anything on video, Bolk said of his 26 years on the bench. I avoided that. For example, if someone who has been cooking meth appears on video, and all I can see is their face, I cant see their hands to see that they are burned up from cooking meth. I cant see that their hands are shaking. I cant see they have four people in the gallery who they are making eye contact and signs with, or that they have 20 family members there in the courtroom who seem to be pretty supportive and want to get this person some help. Those are things you cant get in a video proceeding.

Since criminal trials continue to be conducted in person and witnesses still appear in courtrooms where the defendants can face their accusers, no constitutional issue is raised by video hearings, Bolk said.

For hearings in civil matters, such as contested family law cases, some contested hearings have been conducted electronically, but those dont raise constitutional issues because the confrontation clause does not apply.

Having a video record is not necessary to the judicial process.

Each Indiana court must make an audio recording of hearings and trials in case an appeal is filed. When an appeal happens, the transcript is prepared and the Indiana Court of Appeals bases its decision on the wording in the transcript. The appeals court is not going to watch hours of video in a trial; they will read the transcript.

An area in family court that has benefitted from video access has been adoption hearings, which are confidential.

Bolk said clients who are out of state can attend hearings via Zoom if the presiding judge finds that acceptable.

Bolk, who now handles family law cases in addition to his ISU duties, said he handled an adoption hearing recently for clients in Missouri who appeared via video.

I dont know if that would have happened a couple of years ago, he said of the use of Zoom video. It is also nice if you have people from around the country who wanted to watch an adoption so they can be included in the happy event.

Court didnt stop

When the Vigo County Courthouse hallways fell silent in spring 2020 as part of the social distancing effort, it was in stark contrast to previous days when courtrooms had bustled with activity as defendants and attorneys appeared for hearings.

By order of the county commissioners, appointments had to be made for those doing business with offices in the courthouse, and visitors were screened for coronavirus symptoms and required to wear masks.

Prior to COVID-19, Vigo County was among a few Indiana counties that periodically utilized video connections for remote hearings between courtrooms and jails to dispense with inmate transport. The public, however, had no access to that video outside of sitting in the courtroom to watch video monitors with court staff.

Some logistical and technology issues prompted the courts to stop using that system a few years ago. Only one court at a time could use the video connection to the jail, and hardware issues did not maintain a stable connection for voice and video, which was frustrating to attorneys and judges.

Joe LaBree, information technology manager for the county courts, said ongoing upgrades to the system since the pandemic have increased bandwidth to stabilize the ability to send out and receive more information faster. That has stabilized audio and video for remote hearings.

Court didnt stop. Only the trials did, LaBree said. We still had hearings.

Livestreaming in-person jury trials, which were allowed to resume March 1, has been more challenging.

The first challenge was going from no courts using video to six courts being able to run video and livestream in the span of a week.

Some issues had to do with hardware capabilities of cameras, how the hardware runs with the software we are using, how secure the software is that we are using, and really just putting it all together in a way that not only works, but is simple enough for everyone to use, and stable enough to use multiple times a day, LaBree said.

Indeed, judges quickly became adept at starting and stopping the livestreaming of court hearings.

For the more complicated jury trial settings, LaBree has been in the courtroom to handle the technological aspects of public access to trials.

It is important to note the public is prohibited from recording any court proceeding that is livestreamed, and video is not archived by the courts. The public has a choice of which court proceedings to livestream by going online to https://public.courts.in.gov/incs#/

Advantages and disadvantages

Judge Michael Lewis of Vigo Superior Court 6, said he thinks the Vigo County court staff has become comfortable with streaming hearings.

Some courts still do not stream everything, and this is due to either confidentiality of the type of hearings or information that is contained within the hearing, Lewis said.

The countys courtrooms are limited in space, so even pre-pandemic, it was a tight squeeze to get 75 potential jurors seated in the gallery for the selection process.

To allow for social distancing, the courts made arrangements with local agencies that had large gathering spaces to spread potential jurors. Once 12 jurors and two alternates were selected in those venues, the trial process returned to the courtrooms where the jurors were again socially distanced throughout the gallery and jury box.

Safety guidelines also meant no paper or other evidence objects could be handed to jury members to examine during trials. The courts set up a few video monitors in the courtrooms so images of documents and evidence could be shown while staying touchless for the jury members.

With the lack of space in a courtroom, that is really where the streaming of the trials has helped a great deal, in that we do not have space for the public or even any visitors in the courtrooms, LaBree said.

Lewis said the livestreaming did not, however, have much effect on reducing the backlog of criminal cases in the courts. But, the backlog did not get as out of control as it could have without the video hearings.

The livestreaming really only helped facilitate the ability for the public to be able to see and hear the court proceedings, Lewis said. The remote hearings part of the video equipment in the courtroom did allow us the ability to hold hearings even when we were under the peak COVID-19 waves, without putting any parties in danger, he said.

The system still has its disadvantages.

With jail video, for instance, the number of inmates allowed in the video room still must be limited. That creates a delay as the next group of inmates are brought into the video room for hearings.

Technology manager LaBree said video rooms are being included in the new Vigo County Jail now under construction to more easily accommodate hearings for defendants in custody.

Many of our courts have been weaving in live parties between video parties to reduce the amount of downtime and waiting between cases, Judge Lewis said. In some other situations, there could be glitches in the video depending on outside parties connection strength or equipment.

Some defendants and litigants connecting from home use older laptops or cell phones that might not maintain a stable connection during the video hearing.

Quality in the electronic hearing is essential, because a good record is needed in case the information becomes part of a defendants appeal.

The video technology has also been useful in civil cases, such as small claims hearings.

Some of our civil hearings were the first to use video testimony from a remote witness during a hearing, Lewis said, as well as displaying videos over the feed to testify about.

While the increasing use of video in criminal and civil cases has helped to protect defendants, court staff, lawyers and the public from exposure to COVID-19 in the courtroom, it also carries the potential for some constitutional downsides.

Defendants do have the right to be present during hearings, confront witnesses and to communicate privately with their counsel. Another constitutional issue impacted by the pandemic is the right to a speedy trial.

The Indiana Supreme Court has not set an expiration for its emergency order permitting expanded remote court proceedings. Any decision about the future of video recordings in the courtroom will come from the Supreme Court.

Lisa Trigg can be reached at 812-231-4254 or at lisa.trigg@tribstar.com. Follow her on Twitter at TribStarLisa.

Read more from the original source:

Cameras in the Courtroom: Technology upgrades expand public access to hearings, trials - Terre Haute Tribune Star

A fence surrounds the U.S. Department of Commerce in Washington October 5, 2013 REUTERS/Mike Theiler

WASHINGTON, July 16 (Reuters) - The United States on Friday took a new stab at Russia's cybersecurity industry, restricting trade with four information technology firms and two other entities over "aggressive and harmful" activities - including digital espionage - that Washington blames on the Russian government.

A Commerce Department posting said the six entities were sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury Department in April, which targeted companies in the technology sector that support Russian intelligence services.

Their addition to the Commerce Department's blacklist means U.S. companies cannot sell to them without licenses, which are seldom granted.

The announcement follows April's sanctions, which were aimed at punishing Moscow for hacking, interfering in last year's U.S. election, poisoning Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny and other alleged malign actions - allegations the Kremlin denies.

They come as the United States is responding to a drumbeat of digital intrusions blamed on Russian government-backed spies and a spate of increasingly disruptive ransomware outbreaks blamed on Russian cybercriminals.

The entities added to the blacklist are Aktsionernoe Obshchaestvo AST; Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Pasit; Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Pozitiv Teknolodzhiz, also known as JSC Positive Technologies; Federal State Autonomous Institution Military Innovative Technopolis Era; Federal State Autonomous Scientific Establishment Scientific Research Institute Specialized Security Computing Devices and Automation (SVA); and Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu Neobit.

Era is a research center and technology park operated by the Russian Ministry of Defense; Pasit is an IT company that did research and development in support of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service's malicious cyber operations; SVA is a Russian state-owned institution that also supported malicious cyber operations; and Russia-based IT security firms Neobit, AST and Positive Technologies have clients that include the Russian government, according to the United States.

Positive Technologies said the Commerce Department's announcement had no new information and that the company engaged in the "ethical exchange of information with the professional information security community" and had never been involved with an attack on U.S. infrastructure.

The other entities either did not immediately respond to requests for comment or could not be reached.

The restrictions against the Russian technology industry have been in the works for months. The same day that the Treasury sanctions were announced, then-Assistant Attorney General John Demers told reporters that officials were in the process of evaluating dozens of Russian companies for possible referral to the Commerce Department.

Demers said investigators would be looking at "a known connection between a particular company and the Russian intelligence services" as they evaluated whether a company was a risk. Non-Russian companies that had back office operations in Russia would also be examined, he said.

The United States adds entities to the Commerce Department's trade blacklist that it says pose a risk to U.S. national security or foreign policy interests.

Reporting by Karen Freifeld; additional reporting by Raphael Satter in Washington and Anton Zverev in Moscow; editing by Howard Goller and Dan Grebler

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Originally posted here:

Biden battles Russian hacking groups with restrictions on IT firms - Reuters

The Greek mathematician Euclid may very well have proved, circa 300 BCE, that there are infinitely many prime numbers. But it was the British mathematician Christian Lawson-Perfect who, more recently, devised the computer game Is this prime?

Launched five years ago, the game surpassed three million tries on July 16or, more to the point, it hit run 2,999,999after a Hacker News post generated a surge of about 100,000 attempts.

The aim of the game is to sort as many numbers as possible into prime or not prime in 60 seconds (as Lawson-Perfect originally described it on The Aperiodical, a mathematics blog of which hes a founder and editor).

A prime number is a whole number with precisely two divisors, 1 and itself.

Its very simple, but infuriatingly difficult, says Lawson-Perfect, who works in the e-learning unit in Newcastle Universitys School of Mathematics and Statistics. He created the game in his spare time, but its proved useful on the job: Lawson-Perfect writes e-assessment software (systems that evaluate learning). The system I make is designed to randomly generate a maths question, and take an answer from the student, which it automatically marks and gives feedback on, he says. You could view the primes game as a kind of assessmenthes used it when doing outreach sessions in schools.

He made the game slightly easier with keyboard shortcutsthe y and n keys click the corresponding yes-no buttons on the screenin order to save mouse-moving time.

Give it a whirl:

Prime numbers have practical utility in computingsuch as with error-correcting codes and encryption. But while prime factorization is hard (hence its value in encryption), primality checking is easier, if tricky. The Fields Medalwinning German mathematician Alexander Grothendieck infamously mistook 57 for prime (the Grothendieck prime). When Lawson-Perfect analyzed data from the game, he found that various numbers exhibited a certain Grothendieckyness. The number most often mistaken for a prime was 51, followed by 57, 87, 91, 119, and 133Lawson-Perfects nemesis (he also devised a handy primality-checking service: https://isthisprime.com/2).

The most minimalistic algorithm for checking a numbers primeness is trial divisiondivide the number by every number up to its square root (the product of two numbers greater than the square root would be greater than the number in question).

However, this nave method is not very efficient, and neither are some other techniques devised over the centuriesas the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss observed in 1801, they require intolerable labor even for the most indefatigable calculator.

The algorithm Lawson-Perfect coded up for the game is called the Miller-Rabin primality test (which builds on a very efficient but not ironclad 17th-century method, Fermats little theorem). The Miller-Rabin test works surprisingly well. As far as Lawson-Perfect is concerned, its basically magicI dont really understand how it works, but Im confident I could if I spent the time to look at it more deeply, he says.

Since the test uses randomness, it produces a probabilistic result. Which means that sometimes the test lies. There is a chance of uncovering an imposter, a composite number that is trying to pass as prime, says Carl Pomerance,a mathematician at Dartmouth College and coauthor of the book Prime Numbers: A Computational Perspective. The chances of an imposter slipping through the algorithms clever checking mechanism are maybe one in a trillion, though, so the test is pretty safe.

But as far as clever primality checking algorithms go, the Miller-Rabin test is the tip of the iceberg, says Pomerance. Notably, 19 years ago, three computer scientistsManindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena, all at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpurannounced the AKS primality test (again building upon Fermats method), which finally provided a test for unequivocally proving that a number is prime, with no randomization and (theoretically, at least) with impressive speed. Alas, fast in theory doesnt always translate to fast in real life, so the AKS test isnt useful for practical purposes.

But practicality isnt always the point. Occasionally Lawson-Perfect receives email from people keen to share their high scores in the game. Recently a player reported 60 primes in 60 seconds, but the record is more likely 127. (Lawson-Perfect doesnt track high scores; he knows there are some cheaters, with computer-aided attempts that produce spikes in the data.)

The 127 score was achieved by Ravi Fernando, a mathematics graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, who posted the result in July 2020. Its still his personal best and, he reckons, the unofficial world record.

Since last summer, Fernando hasnt played the game much with the default settings, but he has tried with customized settings, selecting for larger numbers and allowing longer time limitshe scored 240 with a five-minute limit. Which took a lot of guesswork, because the numbers got into the high four-digit range and Ive only ever memorized primes up to the low 3,000s, he says. I suppose some would argue even that is excessive.

Fernandos research is in algebraic geometry, which involves primes to some extent. But, he says, my research has more to do with why I stopped playing the gamethan why I started (he started his PhD in 2014). Plus, he figures 127 would be very hard to beat. And, he says, it just feels right to stop at a prime-number record.

Excerpt from:

Is 57 a prime number? Theres a game for that. - MIT Technology Review

NEW YORK, NY - FEBRUARY 19: Boxes of Eggo Waffles sit for sale at the Metropolitan Citymarket on February 19, 2014 in the East Village neighborhood of New York City. Kellogg, maker of Eggo waffles, has announced that it will only buy palm oil - a minor ingredient in Eggo Waffles - from companies that don't destroy rainforests where palm trees are grown. Palm oil is used in many processed foods. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images)

Love emojis? Enjoy waffles? Then you are going to love this latest innovation from Eggo, as they introduce their new Eggoji Waffles!

Its a classic waffle taken to the next level the way only Eggo knows how to do. And what that means is that we get a waffle that is one side syrup and butter catching squares and one side emoji magic.

These Eggoji waffles give us any number of faces to chow down on including some of our favorite classics. In the box that we devoured our favorites were the winky face emoji, the heart eyes, and even the star eyes emoji.

And while it kind of reminded me of a waffle and a pancake having a baby, these Eggoji Waffles really are like enjoying a classic Eggo Waffle with the added fun of an emoji printed on one side. They are still just as crispy as we want, with a fluffy, homestyle center. And yes, they are still the perfect vehicle for syrup and butter!

Each of these boxes comes with 10 waffles and will cost us $2.89 depending on your grocery store. And yes, these are a nationwide release, so you should be able to find them in a retailer near you.

As Chew Boom shared, the added bonus of snagging boxes of both Eggoji Waffles and classic Eggo Waffles is the fact that in honor of this launch, the brand will be celebrating this tasty innovation by donating up to half a million breakfasts to No Kid Hungry.

It really seems like a win-win situation. Not only do we get tasty waffles that channel our love of emojis, but doing so will help support a good cause at the same time.

What do you think Guilty Eaters? Are you going to be grabbing a box of Eggoji Waffles? Let us know in the comments.

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Eggo gets inspired by technology as they introduce their new Eggoji Waffles - Guilty Eats

This could soon become a broader problem as well.

California is a little sneak peek of what is in store for the rest of the world as we dramatically scale up solar, says Zeke Hausfather, director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute, and author of the report.

Thats because while solar accounts for about 19% of the electricity California generates, other regions are rapidly installing photovoltaic panels as well. In Nevada and Hawaii, for instance, the share of solar generation stood at around 13% in 2019, the study found. The levels in Italy, Greece and Germany were at 8.6%, 7.9% and 7.8%, respectively.

So far, heavy solar subsidies and the rapidly declining cost of solar power has offset the falling value of solar in California. So long as it gets ever cheaper to build and operate solar power plants, value deflation is less of a problem.

But its likely to get harder and harder to pull off that trick, as the states share of solar generation continues to climb. If the cost declines for building and installing solar panels tapers off, Californias solar deflation could pull ahead in the race against falling costs as soon as 2022 and climb upward from there, the report finds. At that point, wholesale pricing would be below the subsidized costs of solar in California, undermining the pure economic rationale for building more plants, Hausfather notes.

The states SB 100 law, passed in 2018, requires all of Californias electricity to come from renewable and zero-carbon resources by 2045. By that point, some 60% of the states electricity could come from solar, based on a California Energy Commission model.

The Breakthrough study estimates that the value of solaror the wholesale average price relative to other sourceswill fall by 85% at that point, decimating the economics of solar farms, at least as Californias grid exists today.

There are a variety of ways to ease this effect, though no single one is likely a panacea.

The solar sector can continue trying to find ways to push down solar costs, but some researchers have argued it may require shifting to new materials and technologies to get to the dirt-cheap levels required to outpace value deflation.

Grid operators and solar plant developers can add more energy storageand increasingly they are.

Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory highlighted similarly declining solar values in California in a broader study published in Joule last month. But they also noted that numerous modeling studies showed that the addition of low cost storage options, including so called hybrid plants coupled with lithium-ion batteries, eases value deflation and enables larger shares of renewables to operate economically on the grid.

There are likely limits to this, however, as study after study finds that storage and system costs rise sharply once renewables provide the vast majority of electricity on the grid.

States or nations could also boost subsidies for solar power; add more long-distance transmission lines to allow regions to swap clean electricity as needed; or incentivize customers to move energy use to times of day that better match with periods of high generation.

The good news is that each of these will help to ease the transition to clean electricity sources in other ways as well, but theyll also all take considerable time and money to get underway.

The California solar market offers a reminder that the climate clock is ticking.

This story was updated to add details from the Joule study.

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The lurking threat to solar powers growth - MIT Technology Review

Last week marked a watershed for technology start-ups in India, as a record bout of fundraising shifted attention to the worlds second-most populous market, just as investors were becoming spooked by a crackdown on Internet companies in China.

Food delivery app Zomato Ltd became the nations first unicorn to make its stock market debut, raising US$1.3 billion with backing from Morgan Stanley, Tiger Global and Fidelity Investments. The parent of digital payments start-up Paytm filed a draft prospectus for what could be Indias largest IPO at US$2.2 billion, while retailer Flipkart Online Services Pvt raised US$3.6 billion at a US$38 billion valuation, a record funding round for an Indian start-up.

Indian entrepreneurs have been quietly building start-ups for a decade now, the countrys Internet infrastructure has vastly improved in that time and theres a very good appetite for tech stocks globally, said Hans Tung (), the Silicon Valley-based managing partner of GGV Capital, which manages US$9.2 billion in assets. Investors are beginning to see the huge upside, and they expect India to be a China.

Unlike China, where online usage is much more developed, many of Indias 625 million Internet users are just dipping their toes into the world of video streaming, social networking and e-commerce. Opportunities in online shopping are particularly attractive, as e-commerce accounts for less than 3 percent of retail transactions.

Indias population is expected to overtake Chinas this decade, and the mood among investors could not be more different in the neighboring nations. China is reining in its tech companies, wiping over US$800 billion off market valuations from a February peak and shaving billions off the net worth of its most famous entrepreneurs. The clampdown is expected to continue, as regulators curb the power of Internet companies and wrest back control of user data.

Indian tech companies can attract global investors whove burnt their hands in Chinese tech companies, said Nilesh Shah, group president and managing director at Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Co in Mumbai.

The successful listing of a few loss-making start-ups could lead to re-rating of many existing companies and send the market higher, he said.

India had a record US$6.3 billion of funding and deals for technology start-ups in the second quarter, while funding to China-based companies dropped 18 percent from a peak of US$27.7 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, according to data from research firm CB Insights.

Optimism about India is tempered, as one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the world threatens to erode decades of economic gains, with more than 31 million infections and 413,000 deaths in the country. At least 200 million Indians have regressed to earning less than the US$2.30 minimum daily wage, Azim Premji University estimates, while the middle class shrank by 32 million last year, according to the Pew Research Institute.

Nor are investors in India free of political risks. Technology start-ups also face a tightening regulatory regime with government clamping down on foreign retailers, social media giants and streaming companies. A new bill on data ownership and storage is expected to be presented in an upcoming parliament session. If passed, it would restrict the ways they can handle user information.

Some analysts are also concerned that stock markets are in a bubble waiting to burst, and that many company valuations are far above their fundamentals. They caution that retail investors in new-age companies that have yet to generate profits should look beyond traditional value measures such as EPS and P/E, and must be able to assess factors such as investment in building a loyal customer base as the start-ups scale up.

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Flush with unicorns, India's technology moment arrives, but not without concerns - Taipei Times

In 1922, the prolific American inventor Thomas Alva Edison predicted that the "movie screen willsupplant the blackboard and the motion picture film will take the place of textbooks" in schools within 20 years. Education did not unfold the way Edison had imagined.

One century later, the internet and digital technology are expected to revolutionise education, with the pandemic providing a context and urgency to it. Placed at the interface of humans and machines, the path for technology in education - ed-tech - is far from seamless. In contrast to the hype surrounding ed-tech, the experiences of teachers and students since March 2020 call for restrained enthusiasm.

A lot has been written about students lacking tech devices and struggling with erratic internet connections. According to some internal surveys within IITs and IISERs, 10-20 per cent of students lack access to devices.

This is just one among a plethora of issues. The unplanned shift to online classes began last year in all the higher educational institutions. As we complete a third semester in online mode, screen fatigue has definitely set in among most teachers and students.

Both miss the interactions, feedback and peer learning environment. Faculty spend far more time than usual on class preparations, effectively constraining research time. Fair student assessments remain an outstanding issue.

The attendance for live online classes across institutions that used to be 60-80 per cent of class strength a year ago has consistently dropped and now stands at about 10-20 per cent. If this appears anecdotal, the global experience with massive open and online courses (MOOC) reinforces similar trends for reasons ranging from a lack of peer environment to commitment and screen fatigue.

Massive Open Online Courses were thought to be a game changer for higher education that The New York Times designated 2012 as the year of MOOCs. But they suffer from poor completion rates, even for courses offered by top universities such as Harvard and MIT.

On average, less than 20per cent of learners complete a course with certification and less than 10 per cent watch all the recorded video content. In India, the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), funded by the Ministry of Education, is relatively successful in attracting more than 20 lakh students every semester to its online courses.

However, the completion rates with certification remain low at less than 10 per cent. To attract more students, NPTEL has allowed the credits to be transferred to their degree programmes along with internships for toppers. In contrast, many commercial MOOC start-ups in the US also offer online degrees jointly with an established university.

These attracted enthusiastic initial investor funding but have not lived up to that hype. Coursera, a major MOOC provider founded by two Stanford university faculty in 2012, is valued at USD 2.5 billion but is yet to rake in profits.

Against this backdrop, India's ed-tech platforms are indeed witnessing rapid growth towards the predicted $30 billion market by the next decade. Nothing showcases this growth better than the ed-tech company that has risen to become the official sponsor of India's cricket team.

This growth rides on the back of coaching for fiercely competitive entrance exams such as the IIT-JEE and NEET, rather than as an alternative model for conventional classes. The dichotomy is apparent as many ed-tech companies focus on the coaching classes and online STEM degrees, while the basic school and college classes, often with poor physical infrastructure, await government interventions to infuse technology.

Before the government invests its scarce resources into technology upgradation, the collective experience of online classes must inform policymaking. Many expensive gadgets bought last year did not live up to expectations and were discarded. Ironically, teaching with technology tools is seen as cumbersome, requiring more preparation time without value addition and not always effective for students.

These experiences, a wealth of pedagogy experiments and outcomes, must be assimilated into the evolving ed-tech landscape. The government must push the ed-tech entities to heed these voices and avoid mindless adoption of technology and practices unworkable in the Indian context.

The online engagements since 2020 reveal that technology alone is no panacea for the problems of education. It can be an excellent support system in the hands of competent teachers in a peer learning environment.

Their absence cannot be compensated by prolonged exposure to electronic devices. Thirty years after Edison's prophecy, the American science fiction author Isaac Asimov wrote a futuristic story set in 2157 when school is a video screen with mechanical teachers.

The little girl in the story discovers that old-style physical school must have been a fun place to learn. Judicious use of technology can preserve the fun in learning. It is imperative to strike a right balance.

(The writer is Professor of physics at Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune and can be reached at santh@iiserpune.ac.in)

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How effective is technology in education? - The New Indian Express

The vision and ambitions outlined in our previous blog post, Hexa-X The joint European initiative to shape 6G, have guided the work as weve set out to start defining 6G. To lay the foundation, the project has begun by looking at potential 6G use cases and relevant performance metrics, as well as prospective technological enablers with a thorough state-of-the-art and gap analysis described in a first set of deliverables recently released.

The Hexa-X project has identified a plethora of prospective 6G use cases, which can be broadly categorized into five different use case families based on their addressed challenges or prospective technological enablers.

Figure. 1. 6G use case families identified by the Hexa-X project. Source: Hexa-X, D1.2.

These use case families include:

Sustainable development:The novel capabilities envisioned for 6G will provide unprecedented opportunities to enable sustainable development in almost any facet of society or industry, leveraging on the possibility to collect data and actuate responses on a global scale. For example,the use caseEarthmonitor usesa global distribution of sensors tomonitorenvironmental indicators;E-health for all has a goal toprovide global access to e-health even to remote and underprivileged populations;Institutional coverageprovidesextreme performance to selected institutions inunderserved areas;andAutonomous supplychain, can introduce AI/ML on a globalscale to helpreducewaste in production or logistics chains.

The global reach of these use cases can be facilitated with the incorporationof, for instance non-terrestrial networks (satellites or high-altitude platforms) or wireless backhaul into 6G,whileartificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML)functionality can ensure cost-effective data analysis.

Local trust zones: Certain use cases temporarily require extreme performance, for instance in terms of throughput, reliability, or security at levels that are infeasible to deliver with a wide area network. For instance, this could be in precision healthcare scenarios where in-body devices autonomously connect to a local hub which ensure that any confidential data remains local and private; Sensor infrastructure web, where ubiquitous sensors, both onboard and third-party devices are connected, authenticated and where sensor data is verified and integrated into a joint digital representation of the physical world; IoT micro-networks for smart cities, where simple IoT devices autonomously connect to each other to form local mesh networks without the need to densify the network; Infrastructure-less network extensions and embedded networks, where coverage is extended beyond the reach of edge, for example, by multi-hop self-relaying; Small coverage, low power micro-network in networks for production and manufacturing, for example. in a factory where multitudinous IoT devices are interconnected, relying on a locally leased spectrum; Local coverage for temporary usage where e.g. a local program making and special events (PMSE) requires interconnected recording and broadcasting equipment with extreme performance facilitated by, for example, temporary frequency licenses.

To facilitate a cost-effective deployment without necessitating deployment of dedicated custom-built networks, there needs to be possible to deploy a network of sub-networks, where the data and connectivity is kept at a local scale, while the configurations and management can be handled on a macroscopic scale.

Robots tocobots:With the advent of AI/ML and the proliferation of autonomous systems, robots will become much more ingrained in our societies and industries, including bothconsumer robotsin our homes and public spaces, as well as complex industrial robotsenablingflexible manufacturing. As their capabilities evolve, they will become responsible for even more complex tasks requiringtightlyinteracting and cooperative mobile robots (otherwise known as cobots), collaborating both with humans or other autonomous systems while solving to avoid detrimental incidents. Furthermore, many AI systems will exist solely as software, for example, in the cloud, acting as an AI partner assisting the user whenever interacting with a connected device or system.

Hear Elena Fersman, Research Director in AI at Ericsson, discuss the evolution of remote robotics.

Massive twinning: The creation of a digital twin from humans, physical objects, and processes by capturing and modeling the physical world with sufficient fidelity, will allow unprecedented experiences and system insight and control. This includes both an extension of the digital twin concept of industrial processes introduced by 5G, applying the digital twin for manufacturing, but also an expansion to other fields of society. For instance, by applying digital twins to sustainable food production, the health, needs, and ailments of crops and livestock can be monitored in real time, autonomously administering nutrients/food and addressing any threat to increase the yield and reduce the waste.

In addition, it is envisioned that almost any aspect of an entire city could be digitally represented, allowing precise modeling, monitoring, and managing of almost any public or private service, such as utilities, public transportations, public health, or environmental and pollution monitoring for an immersive smart city.

Find out how were working with Digital Twins at the Port of Livorno.

Telepresence:To interact with, or experience the physical world remotely with lifelike fidelity will be a commonplace experience in the 2030s. This includes both virtual, augmented, and merged reality, where users can interact with digital replicas of other humans or objects in real time using multi-sensory interactions, extending the audio-visual experience with haptic or even olfactory experiences, creating a fully merged cyber-physical world.

The applicationsof telepresencewill range frompassive experiencesby streaming content to your local AR/VR devices such as watching a show or presentation remotely, for example, in animmersive sport event, to fully immersive experiences, whereyour avatar captures and renders your every movement and allows seamless interactions with virtual objects, for instance,playing an immersive multi-player AR gameinpublic,in amerged realitygameor co-creating a digital prototype with haptic feedbackwith remote usersenablingmixed reality co-design. This would requireyour local devices and applications to monitor and react to your local environment toproperly position the virtual objects in relation to real objects.

Clearly, the list of potential use cases is far from complete, where some of the current use cases will become significantly more advanced and prominent in 2030, while other use cases will not even be invented until 6G systems are deployed.

The evaluation metrics of 6G systems will need to be expanded beyond the classical key performance indicators (KPIs) as it will not suffice to simply design 6G as X times 5G.

In the Hexa-X project, we have identified an initial set of essential indicators for 6G. Evaluation metrics relate to different aspects of use cases and network performance, as indicated by the categorization in the figure below.

Figure. 2. Classification of key performance and value indicators proposed by Hexa-X. Source: Hexa-X, D1.2

Extreme evolution of capabilities: As current use cases will continue to be of importance, the performance expectations related to data rates, connection density, traffic capacity or location accuracy will continue to be rise.

Revolution of new end-to-end measures: As the development of use cases continues, it may no longer suffice to suboptimize the network, only focusing on, for example, the air interface performance. Instead, a holistic approach considering the end-to-end performance related to energy efficiency, service availability, determinism, or coverage, for example needs to be taken to ensure reliable performance.

New capability areas: As 6G is expected to expand beyond connectivity, novel capabilities are expected to be introduced, such as pervasive integrated compute and AI, convergence of communication and sensing, as well as the embedding of energy harvesting devices. This can enhance the overall performance of the network, and the performance of traditional KPIs, as well as introduce novel domain-specific KPIs.

Key value indicator areas: As 6G is set to become an integral part of society, it will no longer suffice to only consider the technological performance metrics when designing and deploying the system. To this effect, the key performance indicators have been supplemented with key value indicators, encompassing aspects such as inclusiveness and acceptance, trustworthiness and sustainability.

To address the 6G use cases and KPIs/KVIs, the Hexa-X project will study technological enablers for 6G within several different technical areas. For some of these enablers, The Hexa-X project has recently released deliverables covering state-of-the-art and gap analyses, which well now look at. ll now look at.

Currently, the exploitation of sub-THz frequencies (100-300 GHz) for mobile communications is still in a nascent stage. Considering the challenges imposed by the laws of physics in other words the generation, propagation, and reception of these frequencies the design of commercially viable sub-THz communications systems will require a disruptive and holistic approach.

Hexa-X will systematically and jointly study waveform and modulation, radio channel characterization, beamforming and the feasibility of hardware, targeting sub-THz radio design as a part of a 6G system. In particular, waveform and modulation beyond 5G NR will be researched in Hexa-X, which may require adoption in 3GPP standards with respect to 6G air-interface design above 100 GHz.

Apart from wireless communication, Hexa-X will also study the use of mm-wave and sub-THz bands for the development of low-cost, energy-efficient, and high-performance positioning solutions with the precision of <1 cm, while accomplishing unnoticeable delays and having strong privacy awareness. The intent is to make localization and sensing as key features of 6G communication systems by design.

The Hexa-X project recently released a deliverable covering initial radio performance aspects of 6G entitled, Towards Tbps communications in 6G: Use cases and gap analysis.

Most notably, the expansion into sub-THz frequencies necessitates a shift in application arising from the associated propagation properties, as well as the larger bandwidths. As such, the Hexa-X project has identified three different classes of use cases applicable to sub-THz frequencies:

Figure. 3. Key enabling technologies towards Tbps/THz radio communication in Hexa-X.

To address these use cases, the Hexa-X project has started analyzing the requisite technological components. For instance, to achieve throughputs approaching 1 Tbps, the utilized bandwidths necessitate significantly higher bandwidths, which are only available at the higher frequency ranges (e.g. at 100-300 GHz). However, this entails new challenges, for example, hardware performance in terms of achievable output power and noise or propagation channel characteristics in terms of wave-material interactions, atmospheric losses and multipath characteristics.

To address this, the project will evaluate different waveforms and modulation designs, as well as beamforming techniques taking limitations of enabling hardware technologies into account and develop radio channel models for the sub-THz band. In addition, to increase the network density to reduce the propagation distances, the concept of cell-free distributed MIMO will be explored, where the antenna elements of the base stations are distributed in space, instead of placed in large antenna arrays, so that every device or User Equipment (UE) can be served by an optimal subset of the distributed antennas.

Discover how 6G can contribute to an efficient, human-friendly, sustainable society through ever-present intelligent communication.

An essential tool envisioned for 6G is the application of AI/ML technologies to significantly improve efficiency and service experience for users. This can substantially enhance the cost, energy consumption, trust level and service efficiency of network infrastructure. AI allows networks to adapt faster and more precisely to changing scenarios and traffic demands by acting on predictive orchestration mechanisms in future 6G networks. Network orchestration should incorporate a complete end-to-end perspective in its decisions and enforce actions from devices to RAN disaggregated functions, edge computing, core and cloud elements.

In light of this, the Hexa-X project recently released a deliverable covering the initial analysis of network orchestration and service management for 6G entitled, Gaps, features and enablers for B5G/6G service management and orchestration.

There is significant ongoing work to research, develop and standardize automized service orchestration techniques, for example, the 3GPP network data analytic function (NWDAF) or the ETSI Management and Orchestration (MANO), which aims to utilize AI for enhanced performance. In addition, several industry fora and research projects are exploring this topic as well.

Hexa-X aims to explore several aspects of enhanced orchestration, for example, multi-stakeholder or end-to-end orchestration and employing AI/ML techniques such as cross-layer intent-based and network-wide collaboration of AI components. An important aspect for the integration of AI mechanisms will be the prerequisite of explainability to ensure a sufficient level of trust and to be able to identify and address points of failure. In addition, the project will explore several implementation aspects of the service orchestration, such as developing cloud-native functions and exploring enhancements to the orchestration interfaces which can enable the joint optimization of resources and the employment of continuous integration and continuous development (CI/CD) techniques.

Its expected that 6G networks will expand into new special-purpose network solutions and towards full worldwide coverage at the same time. To meet these goals, the 6G network needs to be designed to be able to seamlessly integrate a wide range of devices and sub-networks with integrated and distributed AI functionality. To enable this the project will explore for instance device programmability in dedicated networks and streamlined cloud-native radio access and core network architectures which will help to increase deployment and operational flexibility. To expand into new and specialized application domains, special-purpose network solutions need to be enabled with 6G. To expand beyond the digital world towards a fully interconnected fabric, enablers for human-machine interaction and fully immersive digital twins are required.

Figure. 4. Hexa-X use cases related to special-purpose functionalities

The Hexa-X project recently released a deliverable covering an initial exploration of the requirements expected for vertical scenarios for IoT scenarios in 6G called, Gap analysis and technical work plan for special-purpose functionality.

In essence, the requirements for the IoT scenarios can be divided into two distinct categories: Sustainable coverage covering use cases such as Earth monitor, and Autonomous supply chain, IoT micro networks in smart cities, and immersive smart cities; and dependability covering use cases such as Collaborating robots, Digital twin for manufacturing, and Telepresence.

For dependability, the requirements can be further explained as availability, to ensure the delivery of the required QoS parameters; reliability, i.e., the minimization of the failure rate; safety, avoiding catastrophic consequences of errors or failures; integrity, ensuring the data is not corrupted during communication; and finally maintainability, indicating the time it would take to restore the service in case of failure or maintenance.

For sustainable coverage, the requirements can be further explained as value and cost of generated insights, quantifying the benefits and costs of different coverage solutions in terms of monetary costs, as well as energy consumption and environmental impact; and flexibility, i.e., the ability of existing deployments to adapt to different tasks.

As shown from these initial deliverables, the work on 6G is ramping up where the research gap analysis points towards the areas to focus on. Additional gap analysis deliverables will be released later this year, covering aspects of Localization and sensing, AI-driven communication and computation co-design, and initial 6G architectural components and enablers. Following these initial reports, the Hexa-X project will steer the work towards explorative research towards technological enablers which aim to close these research gaps to lay the foundation for future 6G systems.

Hexa-X deliverables:

Visit the project website

Read our previous blog post on Hexa-X: Hexa-X The joint European initiative to shape 6G.

Read our research on intelligent digital infrastructure and future network trends.

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Hexa-X: 6G technology and its evolution so far - Ericsson