Category Archives: Quantum Computing

SYDNEY, Oct. 15, 2021 Q-CTRL, a startup that applies the principles of control engineering to accelerate the development of quantum technology, today announced it was named to The Australian Financial Review (AFR) BOSSMost Innovative Companies list for its efforts to improve quantum computer stability and deliver useful performance to end users with its AI-based quantum firmware solutions.

The AFR BOSSMost Innovative Companies Listrecognizes the top innovative and disruptive companies in Australia and New Zealand through industry-specific lists. The prestigious annual list, published by AFR and Boss Magazine, is based on a rigorous assessment process managed by Australias leading innovation consultancy, Inventium, in conjunction with a panel of industry expert judges. Q-CTRL ranked third in the technology category, from over 700 nominated organisations across Australia and New Zealand.

Quantum computers offer revolutionary capabilities for applications ranging from drug discovery and enterprise logistics to finance. The underlying hardware, however, is extremely unstable and fragile, preventing these machines from reaching their full potential. Q-CTRL was honored for developing - and experimentally validating on real quantum computers - an AI-based solution to this challenge, bringing useful quantum computers closer to fruition.

Our mission is to turn quantum computers into systems that deliver real and transformative economic value to end users, said Q-CTRL Founder and CEO Professor Michael J. Biercuk. And now we have in hand a globally unique capability that can deliver on this potential.

Q-CTRLs innovative AI-driven product for quantum hardware acceleration, called Boulder Opal, is now in use in national laboratories, research universities, and quantum computing companies around the world. The company is also offering customized solutions to enterprise users seeking competitive advantages from quantum computing.

When we power up our computers today, we know they're going to work. Few of us understand exactly how the hardware functions - it just delivers the performance we want without our conscious intervention, Biercuk added.That's the ultimate goal for the quantum computing user experience as well, and we have made a major step towards realizing it with our technology.

Being named to the Australian Financial Reviews BOSS Most Innovative Companies list really shows that our efforts to make quantum computing a reality are resonating in both the research and broader enterprise markets. Were excited to expand our commercial partnerships and help quantum computing end-users take advantage of the extraordinary capabilities weve developed.

Inventium is proud to announce the 2021 Most Innovative Companies list in conjunction with AFR, said Dr Amantha Imber, founder, Inventium. After the enormous impact 18 months (and counting) of a global pandemic has had on the way we live, it's so inspiring to see all the amazing innovations our winners have created to help make our lives better."

In assessing candidates for the award, the judges looked at how valuable the problem is that the innovation is solving, the quality and uniqueness of the solution, and the level of impact that the innovation has had.

To learn more about Q-CTRL and its award-winning tools to accelerate the path to useful quantum computing, visit q-ctrl.com.

About Q-CTRL

Q-CTRL builds quantum control solutions for quantum technology end-users and R&D professionals across all applications. Its focus on developing the most advanced tools and techniques in quantum control provides a unique capability underpinning both quantum computing and quantum sensing. Q-CTRL recently announced a partnership with Transport for NSW delivering advanced infrastructure software to transport data scientists exploring quantum computing.

Q-CTRL has assembled the worlds foremost team of expert quantum-control engineers, providing solutions to many of the most advanced quantum computing and sensing teams globally. Q-CTRL is funded by SquarePeg Capital, Sierra Ventures, Sequoia Capital China, Data Collective, Horizons Ventures, Main Sequence Ventures and In-Q-Tel. Q-CTRL has international headquarters in Sydney, Los Angeles, and Berlin.

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Q-CTRL named to Most Innovative Companies List by The Australian Financial Review and BOSS Magazine - EurekAlert

KINGSTON, R.I. Oct. 12, 2021 University of California, Berkeley Professor Umesh Vazirani, a pioneer in quantum computing algorithms and complexity theory, will deliver the annual University of Rhode Island Cruickshank Lecture on Monday, Oct. 18, in conjunction with the three-day Frontiers in Quantum Computing conference.

Frontiers in Quantum Computing, which celebrates the launch this semester of URIs new masters degree in quantum computing, will take place Oct. 18-20 on the Kingston Campus. More than 30 experts in the fields of quantum computing and quantum information science will deliver daily talks on such topics as the future of quantum computing, research and industry developments, and educational initiatives for the next generation of experts in the field.

This will be an impressive gathering, said Vanita Srinivasa, director of URIs Quantum Information Science program and a conference organizer. These scientists have made seminal contributions to quantum computing and quantum information science. We have speakers who are well-established in quantum information science, even before it was a major field, and we have speakers who are up and coming and are now among the top researchers in their fields.

Vazirani, the Roger A. Strauch Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley and director of the Berkeley Quantum Computation Center, is considered one of the founders of the field of quantum computing. His talk will explore quantum computings impact on the foundations of quantum mechanics and the philosophy of science.

There are several different theories about how quantum mechanics can be interpreted. Advances in quantum computing will change our understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics and maybe our overall view of the universe, said Leonard Kahn, chair of the URIDepartment of Physicswho helped organize the conference.

Vaziranis virtual talk, A Quantum Wave in Computing, will be presented to an in-person audience in room 100 of the Beaupre Center for Chemical and Forensic Sciences, 140 Flagg Road, on the Kingston campus, at 6:30 p.m. on Oct. 18. The lecture can also be viewed live with a link from the conferenceswebsite.

The conferences list of speakers includes U.S. Sen. Jack Reed, who will deliver an address at 9:45 am. on the opening day of the conference, along with experts from around the U.S. as well as Australia, Canada, Netherlands, and Denmark.

Jacob Taylor, a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute Fellow, and founder of the national effort overseeing implementation of the National Quantum Initiative Act, will deliver the conferences opening keynote address on Monday, Oct. 18, at 8 a.m. in the Ballroom of the Memorial Union.

Charles Tahan, assistant director for Quantum Information Science and director of the National Quantum Coordination Office in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OTSP), will give the keynote address before the roundtable discussion on the future of quantum computing on Tuesday, Oct. 19, at 5:15 p.m. in the ballroom, which is sponsored by D-Wave.

The panel will include Taylor, the first assistant director for Quantum Information Science at the OSTP; Michelle Simmons, a pioneer in atomic electronics and silicon-based quantum computing and director of the Australian Research Councils Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology; Catherine McGeoch, Senior Scientist with D-Wave; and Christopher Lirakis, IBM Quantum Lead For Quantum Systems Deployment.

The panelists will provide their perspectives on the future of quantum computing from industry, government and academia, said Srinivasa. The future is uncertain, but hopeful, and there are exciting challenges along the way. Quantum computing technology has progressed from something thats been a dream to something that can actually be built.

Quantum computers have the promise of solving key problems that would take a prohibitively long time to execute on classical computers. Because of the nature of the quantum bit, as compared to the classical bit, some of those intractable calculations can be done on a quantum computer in minutes rather than thousands of years. The impact on many problems from molecular simulations to encryption of credit card data will have far-reaching consequences.

I dont think theres been a time when theres been this much publicity and press about quantum computing, said Kahn. Theres clearly a path forward but there are a lot of hurdles along the way.

With the conference celebrating URIs masters in quantum computing, education will be an important topic. Daily speakers will explore education initiatives, including developing curriculum at all levels to make the field more accessible to students. Presentations will include Chandralekha Singh, president of the American Association of Physics Teachers; Charles Robinson, IBM Quantum Computing Public Sector leader; and Robert Joynt, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Other topics include implementation of quantum computing and industry developments, including talks by Christopher Savoie 92, founder and chief executive officer of Zapata Computing and a conference organizer, and Andrew King, director of Performance Research at D-Wave.

Its going to be amazing science that will be talked about at the conference, said Srinivasa, whose research focuses on quantum information processing theory for semiconductor systems. Christopher Savoie has commented that this conference is equivalent to any of the major conferences on quantum computing that hes been to.

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Frontiers in Quantum Computing is free and open to the public. Except for the Cruickshank Lecture, all events will be held in the Memorial Union Ballroom, 50 Lower College Road, on the Kingston Campus. While events are in-person, some speakers will take part virtually. All sessions can also be viewed online. For more information or to take part, go to the conferenceswebsite.

The conference is sponsored by Zapata Computing, D-Wave, IBM Quantum, PSSC Labs, and Microway, along with URIs College of Arts and Sciences, University Libraries, Information Technology Services, the Office of the Provost, and the Department of Physics.

The Alexander M. Cruickshank Endowed Lectureship was established in 1999. It is named for Alexander M. Cruickshank, who served on the URI chemistry faculty for 30 years and was subsequently the director of the Gordon Research Conferences until his retirement in 1993. The lecture series is sponsored by the URI Department of Physics, the Gordon Research Center and URIs College of Arts and Sciences.

For more information, contact Leonard Kahn atlenkahn@uri.edu.

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Quantum computing pioneer Umesh Vazirani to give Cruickshank Lecture as part of three-day conference - EurekAlert

The stock price of IonQ Inc (NYSE: IONQ) increased by over 3.6% during intraday trading today. Investors are responding positively to researchers from The University of Maryland and IonQ (a leader in trapped-ion quantum computing) publishing results in the journal Nature that show a significant breakthrough in error correction technology for quantum computers.

In collaboration with scientists from Duke University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, this work demonstrated for the first time how quantum computers can overcome quantum computing errors, a key technical obstacle to large-scale use cases like financial market prediction or drug discovery.

Currently, quantum computers suffer from errors when qubits encounter environmental interference. And quantum error correction works by combining multiple qubits together to form a logical qubit that more securely stores quantum information.

But storing information by itself is not enough. Quantum algorithms also need to access and manipulate the information. And to interact with information in a logical qubit without creating more errors, the logical qubit needs to be fault-tolerant.

The study (completed at the University of Maryland, peer-reviewed, and published in the journalNature) demonstrates how trapped ion systems like IonQs can soon deploy fault-tolerant logical qubits to overcome the problem of error correction at scale. And by successfully creating the first fault-tolerant logical qubit a qubit that is resilient to a failure in any one component the team has laid the foundation for quantum computers that are both reliable and large enough for practical uses such as risk modeling or shipping route optimization.

The team had demonstrated that this could be achieved with minimal overhead, requiring only nine physical qubits to encode one logical qubit. And this will allow IonQ to apply error correction only when needed, in the amount needed, while minimizing qubit cost.

Behind the study are recently graduated UMD PhD students and current IonQ quantum engineers Laird Egan and Daiwei Zhu, IonQ cofounder Chris Monroe as well as IonQ technical advisor and Duke Professor Ken Brown. And coauthors of the paper include: UMD and Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) research scientist Marko Cetina; postdoctoral researcher Crystal Noel; graduate students Andrew Risinger and Debopriyo Biswas; Duke University graduate student Dripto M. Debroy and postdoctoral researcher Michael Newman; and Georgia Institute of Technology graduate student Muyuan Li.

This news follows on the heels of other significant technological developments from IonQ. And the company recently demonstrated the industrys first Reconfigurable Multicore Quantum Architecture (RMQA) technology, which can dynamically configure 4 chains of 16 ions into quantum computing cores.

And the company also recently debuted patent-pending evaporated glass traps: technology that lays the foundation for continual improvements to IonQs hardware and supports a significant increase in the number of ions that can be trapped in IonQs quantum computers. It recently became the first quantum computer company whose systems are available for use via all major cloud providers. IonQ also recently became the first publicly-traded, pure-play quantum computing company.

KEY QUOTES:

This is about significantly reducing the overhead in computational power that is typically required for error correction in quantum computers. If a computer spends all its time and power correcting errors, thats not a useful computer. What this paper shows is how the trapped ion approach used in IonQ systems can leapfrog others to fault tolerance by taking small, unreliable parts and turning them into a very reliable device. Competitors are likely to need orders of magnitude more qubits to achieve similar error correction results.

Peter Chapman, President and CEO of IonQ

Disclaimer: This content is intended for informational purposes. Before making any investment, you should do your own analysis.

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IONQ Stock: Why It Increased Today - Pulse 2.0

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Quantum computing are being used in computationally intensive applications such as artificial intelligence. Quantum machine learning (QML) is a combination of machine learning and quantum physics. Alphabet Inc. launched TensorFlow Quantum library in March 2020 for developing QML apps. Researchers at Pennsylvania State University are using QML for developing COVID-19 treatment. These applications will drive the quantum computing technologies market in future. From the healthcare perspective, quantum computing technologies can lead to dramatic acceleration in speed and performance both. Radiation therapy is the widely-used form of treatment for oncology. Radiation beams are used to destroy cancerous cells. Devising a radiation plan is to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue and body parts is a very complicated optimization problem with thousands of data. To arrive at the optimal radiation plan requires many simulations until an optimal solution is determined. The horizon of possibilities that can be considered between each simulation is much broader and large in nature. Such a factor is expected to boost the

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Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Industry Analysis by Demand, Future Trends, Challenges, Growth Opportunities and Forecast till 2030 ...

IEEE Quantum Week the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE) is bridging the gap between the science of quantum computing and the development of an industry surrounding it. As such, this event brings a perspective to the quantum industry different from academic or business conferences. IEEE Quantum Week is a multidisciplinary quantum computing and engineering venue that gives attendees the unique opportunity to discuss challenges and opportunities with quantum researchers, scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, developers, students, practitioners, educators, programmers, and newcomers.

IEEE Quantum Week 2021 received outstanding contributions from the international quantum community forming anexceptional programwithexciting exhibitsfeaturing technologies from quantum companies, start-ups and research labs.QCE21, the second IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering, provides over 300 hours of quantum and engineering programming featuring10 world-class keynote speakers,19 workfoce-building tutorials,23 community-building workshops,48 technical papers,30 innovative posters,18 stimulating panels, andBirds-of a Feather sessions. The QCE21 program is structured into 10 parallel tracks over six days, October 17-22, 2021 and is available on-demand for registered participants until the end of the year.

The QCE conference grew out of theIEEE Future Directions Quantum Initiativein 2019 and held itsinaugural IEEE Quantum Week event in October 2020.IEEE Quantum Week 2020was tremendous success with over 800 attendees from 45 countries and 270+ hours of quantum computing and engineering programming in nine parallel tracks over five days.

With your contributions and your participation, together we are building a premier meeting of quantum minds to help advance the fields of quantum computing and engineering. As a virtual event, Quantum Week provides ample opportunities to network with your peers and explore partnerships with industry, government, and academia.Quantum Week 2021 aims to bring together quantum professionals, researchers, educators, entrepreneurs, champions and enthusiasts to exchange and share their experiences, challenges, research results, innovations, applications, pathways and enthusiasm on all aspects of quantum computing and engineering.

IEEE Quantum Week aims to showcase quantum research, practice, applications, education, and training including programming systems, software engineering methods & tools, algorithms, benchmarks & performance metrics, hardware engineering, architectures, & topologies, software infrastructure, hybrid quantum-classical computing, architectures and algorithms, as well as many applications including simulation of chemical, physical and biological systems, optimization problems, techniques and solutions, and quantum machine learning.

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QCE21 Home IEEE Quantum Week

Quantum computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and perform computations. This can be extremely advantageous for certain tasks where they could vastly outperform even our best supercomputers.

Classical computers, which include smartphones and laptops, encode information in binary bits that can either be 0s or 1s. In a quantum computer, the basic unit of memory is a quantum bit or qubit.

Qubits are made using physical systems, such as the spin of an electron or the orientation of a photon. These systems can be in many different arrangements all at once, a property known as quantum superposition. Qubits can also be inextricably linked together using a phenomenon called quantum entanglement. The result is that a series of qubits can represent different things simultaneously.

For instance, eight bits is enough for a classical computer to represent any number between 0 and 255. But eight qubits is enough for a quantum computer to represent every number between 0 and 255 at the same time. A few hundred entangled qubits would be enough to represent more numbers than there are atoms in the universe.

This is where quantum computers get their edge over classical ones. In situations where there are a large number of possible combinations, quantum computers can consider them simultaneously. Examples include trying to find the prime factors of a very large number or the best route between two places.

However, there may also be plenty of situations where classical computers will still outperform quantum ones. So the computers of the future may be a combination of both these types.

For now, quantum computers are highly sensitive: heat, electromagnetic fields and collisions with air molecules can cause a qubit to lose its quantum properties. This process, known as quantum decoherence, causes the system to crash, and it happens more quickly the more particles that are involved.

Quantum computers need to protect qubits from external interference, either by physically isolating them, keeping them cool or zapping them with carefully controlled pulses of energy. Additional qubits are needed to correct for errors that creep into the system.

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What is a quantum computer? | New Scientist

While it could be many years before quantum computing becomes a common presence in daily life, the technology already has been recruited to help search for life in deep space.

Quantum software company Zapata Computing is partnering with the U.K.-based University of Hull on research to evaluate Zapatas Orquestra quantum workflow platform, to enhance a quantum application designed to detect signatures of life in deep space.

Dr David Benoit, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Physics and Astrochemistry at the University of Hull, said the evaluation is not a controlled demonstration of features, but rather a project involving real-world data. We are looking at how Orquestra performs in actual workflows that use quantum computing to provide typical real-life data, he told Fierce Electronics via email. In this project, we are really aiming for real useful data rather than a demo of capabilities.

The evaluation will run for eight weeks before the team publishes an analysis of the research. It is expected to be the first of several collaborations between Zapata and the University of Hull for quantum astrophysics applications, the parties said. The news comes as several giants in quantum computing, including Google, IBM, Amazon and Honeywell, among others, were set to attend a White House forum hosted by the Biden administration to discuss evolving uses for quantum computing.

In some cases, researchers have turned to quantum computing to tackle projects that classical computers would take too long to complete, and the University of Hull is in a similar situation, Benoit said.

He further explained, The tests envisioned are still something that a classical computer can do, however the computational time required to obtain the solution has a factorial scaling, meaning that larger size applications are likely to take days/months/years to complete (along with a very large amount of memory). The quantum counterpart is able to solve those problems in a sub-factorial manner (potentially quartic scaling), but this doesnt necessarily mean its faster for all systems, just that the computational effort is much reduced for large systems. In this application, we are aiming for a scalable way of performing accurate calculations, and this is exactly what we can obtain using quantum computers.

Just how big is the task at hand? A statement from Zapata noted that in 2016 MIT researchers suggested a list of more than 14,000 molecules that could indicate signs of life in atmospheres of far-away exoplanets. However, little is currently known about how these molecules vibrate and rotate in response to infrared radiation generated by nearby stars. The University of Hull is trying to build a database of detectable biological signatures using new computational models of molecular rotations and vibrations.

Though fault tolerance and error correction remain a challenge for quantum computing models, Benoit said researchers are not concerned with the performance of such so-called Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices.

Our method actually uses the statistical nature of the noise/errors to try and obtain an accurate answer, so we take the fact that the results will be noisy as a useful thing, he said. Obviously, the better the error correction or the less noisy the device, the better the outcome. However, using Orquestra enables us to potentially switch platforms without having to re-implement large parts of the code, which means that as better hardware comes along, we can readily compute with it.

Benoit added that Orquestra will help researchers generate valuable insights from NISQ devices, and that researchers can build applications that use these NISQ devices today with the capacity to leverage the more powerful quantum devices of the future. The result should be extremely accurate calculations of the key variable defining atom-atom interactions electronic correlation and thus could improve scientists ability to detect the building blocks of life in space. This is particularly important because even simple molecules, such as oxygen or nitrogen, have complex interactions that require very accurate calculations.

RELATED: Even noisy quantum systems are revolutionary: Classiq CEO

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Zapata, University of Hull researchers take quantum computing to deep space - FierceElectronics

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Regional Breakdown

Our report on the global Quantum Computing Software market analyses each region on the basis of several key components such as market share, BPS, and revenue among others. The research study discusses how each of these impacts the regional global Quantum Computing Software market along with delivering critical information on certain segments. The report shines a spotlight on dynamic, high-growth areas for you to plan your investments accordingly and remain one step ahead of rivals in the global Quantum Computing Software market. In addition, the report highlights the incremental along with the absolute dollar opportunity in the global Quantum Computing Software market.

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Quantum Computing Software Market 2021 Trends, Market Share, Industry Size, Opportunities, Analysis and Forecast To 2025 - Digital Journal

Mistakes happen especially in quantum computers. The fragile quantum bits, or qubits, that make up the machines are notoriously error-prone, but now scientists have shown that they can fix the flubs.

Computers that harness the rules of quantum mechanics show promise for making calculations far out of reach for standard computers (SN: 6/29/17). But without a mechanism for fixing the computers mistakes, the answers that a quantum computer spits out could be gobbledygook (SN: 6/22/20).

Combining the power of multiple qubits into one can solve the error woes, researchers report October 4 in Nature. Scientists used nine qubits to make a single, improved qubit called a logical qubit, which, unlike the individual qubits from which it was made, can be probed to check for mistakes.

This is a key demonstration on the path to build a large-scale quantum computer, says quantum physicist Winfried Hensinger of the University of Sussex inBrighton, England, who was not involved in the new study.

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Still, that path remains a long one, Hensinger says. To do complex calculations, scientists will have to dramatically scale up the number of qubits in the machines. But now that scientists have shown that they can keep errors under control, he says, theres nothing fundamentally stopping us to build a useful quantum computer.

In a logical qubit, information is stored redundantly. That allows researchers to check and fix mistakes in the data. If a piece of it goes missing, you can reconstruct it from the other pieces, like Voldemort, says quantum physicist David Schuster of the University of Chicago, who was not involved with the new research. (The Harry Potter villain kept his soul safe by concealing it in multiple objects called Horcruxes.)

In the new study, four additional, auxiliary qubits interfaced with the logical qubit, in order to identify errors in its data. Future quantum computers could make calculations using logical qubits in place of the original, faulty qubits, repeatedly checking and fixing any errors that crop up.

To make their logical qubit, the researchers used a technique called a Bacon-Shor code, applying it to qubits made of ytterbium ions hovering above an ion-trapping chip inside a vacuum, which are manipulated with lasers. The researchers also designed sequences of operations so that errors dont multiply uncontrollably, whats known as fault tolerance.

Thanks to those efforts, the new logical qubit had a lower error rate than that of the most flawed components that made it up, says quantum physicist Christopher Monroe of the University of Maryland in College Park and Duke University.

However, the team didnt quite complete the full process envisioned for error correction. While the computer detected the errors that arose, the researchers didnt correct the mistakes and continue on with computation. Instead, they fixed errors after the computer was finished. In a full-fledged example, scientists would detect and correct errors multiple times on the fly.

Demonstrating quantum error correction is a necessity for building useful quantum computers. Its like achieving criticality with [nuclear] fission, Schuster says. Once that nuclear science barrier was passed in 1942, it led to technologies like nuclear power and atomic bombs (SN: 11/29/17).

As quantum computers gradually draw closer to practical usefulness, companies are investing in the devices. Technology companies such as IBM, Google and Intel host major quantum computing endeavors. On October 1, a quantum computing company cofounded by Monroe, called IonQ, went public; Monroe spoke to Science News while on a road trip to ring the opening bell at the New York Stock Exchange.

The new result suggests that full-fledged quantum error correction is almost here, says coauthor Kenneth Brown, a quantum engineer also at Duke University. It really shows that we can get all the pieces together and do all the steps.

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Scientists are one step closer to error-correcting quantum computers - Science News Magazine

Let's say, for the sake of argument, that quantum computers will exist in some useful fashion in the not too distant future.

And if that is the case, fundamental changes will be needed in education, supply chains, and national policies for us to use the machines to solve complex problems, panelists said a forum hosted by R Street Institute this week.

"We need ... to prepare people to think about computation in a fundamentally different way," said Chris Fall, senior advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, during the discussion.

On conventional computers, information is encoded in strings of 0s and 1s, while in quantum computers, information is encoded in quantum bits that have a value of 0, 1, or a superposition of both states. This allows quantum computers to store much more information than a classic machine and process it in less time, in theory. There are limitations, such as the fact that they are unstable and prone to error despite efforts to address that, and may hit a wall if unprotected from background radiation. Encryption-breaking quantum computers are forever 15 years away.

Sorry, yes, we're assuming they will eventually work.

Google, D-Wave, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Honeywell, and so on, are building qubits in different ways. Their goal is to build fault-tolerant machines that can run super-fast calculations by tempering qubit behavior and correcting errors introduced from the environment.

"The routine manipulation of the properties of single atoms in people's devices, devices, cars that is going to change everything. We don't have a full understanding of how that's going to happen." Fall said.

Starting now, education needs to be better for people to take advantage of the quantum processing breakthroughs as the hardware journey matures, the panelists said. Problem solving and algorithms will look very different in areas like finance and science, for example.

"The language of quantum algorithms are linear algebra and probabilities. This is not something that we do a good job of teaching our kids from a very early stage. That is kind of where we need to get started now," Fall said.

Quantum computing is a different problem-solving system and calculates differently from conventional computers, was the gist of the discussion.

Governments will need to drive change if quantum computing is a matter of national interest and public need, said Scott Friedman, a senior policy advisor of the House Homeland Security Committee.

Global legislation to protect semiconductor supply chains, like the CHIPS for America Act and Europe's Chips Act, needs to factor in quantum computing infrastructure, panelists said.

Most cryogenic refrigerators for quantum computers are made in Europe, and the United States needs to work with allies to secure those supply chains, said Allison Schwartz, global government relations and public affairs leader at quantum computer maker D-Wave Systems.

The government also needs to facilitate collaboration and bridge a gap between educators, developers, and scientists involved in algorithms and developing hardware, the panelists said.

The US introduced legislation called QUEST (Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology) for increased access of quantum hardware and resources for research and further education. A National Quantum Initiative Act (NQI) was signed into law in 2018 to supercharge quantum computing development and research, but activity around these have stalled.

"The advisory committee for the NQI hasn't met in a while ... on the executive branch side. An easy next step to bring more focus in this area would be to convene that again and get broader input from the community," said Kate Weber, policy lead for quantum, robotics, and fundamental research at Google, which hopes to a build a fault-tolerant computer by 2030.

The moderator, R Street Institute senior fellow Miles Taylor, raised the idea of quantum computers creating sentient beings, much like the machines in the Terminator movies.

"I don't know if we're going to have a sentient computer," CSIS's Fall said, adding, "we're learning to manipulate single atoms at ... industrial scale. That's not a laboratory project. It'll change the world."

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'Quantum computer algorithms are linear algebra, probabilities. This is not something that we do a good job of teaching our kids' - The Register