Category Archives: Quantum Computing

TUCSON, Ariz. (KGUN)Its the worlds first ever free all-girls quantum computing summer camp. This week-long program is being hosted in Tucson in partnership with the University of Arizona and the Girl Scouts of Southern Arizona.

Qubit by Qubit is a non-profit pushing this initiative nationwide. Program manager Gabbie Meis says, weve taught over 14,000 students virtually since 2013. But this camp is hosted in-person.

Meis says the camp is about harnessing the power of quantum mechanics to power a whole new type of computer called 'quantum computers'.

Experts in the field of quantum computing say this developing technology will eventually be so powerful, we will use it to solve problems traditional computers cant.

Meis says, huge problems that deal with a big amount of data. Some examples include climate change.

Michelle Higgins, the camp organizer from the University of Arizona, says, there will be more individualized and more precise healthcare, better communication systems, and things that perhaps dont go down when we have huge storms.

Girls are encouraged to pursue a career in quantum because it is currently a male-dominated industry.

Higgins says, in the past there have been more men going into the field and thats what they see now.

She adds, "quantum really has a marketing problem because we automatically think, 'oh we have to be a genius, I have to be like Einstein, I have to have my PhD to understand'."

But thats not the case. The camp is meant to do the opposite in hopes of encouraging girls to get a start in physics early on. Meis says for anyone interested, there are no prerequisites for the camp, so we have girls that have never even coded on a computer before, to some that have created their own game. So we like to say quantum is for everyone.

The camp will be hosted again next summer.

-Heidi Alagha is an anchor and reporter for KGUN 9. Heidi spent 5 years as the morning anchor in Waco where she was named the best anchor team by the Texas Associated Press. Share your story ideas and important issues with Heidi by emailing heidi.alagha@kgun9.com or by connecting on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

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"Quantum is for everyone:" An all-girls computing camp gives young coders a head start - KGUN 9 Tucson News

New Jersey, United States TheEnterprise Quantum ComputingMarket research guides new entrants to obtain precise market data and communicates with customers to know their requirements and preferences. It spots outright business opportunities and helps to bring new products into the market. It identifies opportunities in the marketplace. It aims at doing modifications in the business to make business procedures smooth and make business forward. It helps business players to make sound decision making. Enterprise Quantum Computing market report helps to reduce business risks and provides ways to deal with upcoming challenges. Market information provided here helps new entrants to take informed decisions making. It emphasizes on major regions of the globe such as Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America along with their market size.

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Key Players Mentioned in the Enterprise Quantum Computing Market Research Report:

Alibaba Group, D-Wave Systems Inc., Google, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., International Business Management Corporation (IBM), ID Quantique, Intel Corporation, Microsoft, Rigetti & Co Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.

Enterprise Quantum ComputingMarket report consists of important data about the entire market environment of products or services offered by different industry players. It enables industries to know the market scenario of a particular product or service including demand, supply, market structure, pricing structure, and trend analysis. It is of great assistance in the product market development. It further depicts essential data regarding customers, products, competition, and market growth factors. Enterprise Quantum Computing market research benefits greatly to make the proper decision. Future trends are also revealed for particular products or services to help business players in making the right investment and launching products into the market.

Enterprise Quantum ComputingMarket Segmentation:

Enterprise Quantum Computing Market, By Component

Hardware Quantum Processing Units (QPU) Dilution Refrigerator I/O Subsystem Software Services Consulting Services Training & Education Support & Maintenance

Enterprise Quantum Computing Market, By Application

Machine Learning/Deep learning/AI Optimization Simulation & Data Modelling Cyber Security

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For Prepare TOC Our Analyst deep Researched the Following Things:

Report Overview:It includes major players of the Enterprise Quantum Computing market covered in the research study, research scope, market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends:This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the Enterprise Quantum Computing market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the Enterprise Quantum Computing market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers:Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type:This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application:Besides an overview of the Enterprise Quantum Computing market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the Enterprise Quantum Computing market by application.

Production by Region:Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region:This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

Company Profiles:Almost all leading players of the Enterprise Quantum Computing market are profiled in this section. The analysts have provided information about their recent developments in the Enterprise Quantum Computing market, products, revenue, production, business, and company.

Market Forecast by Production:The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the Enterprise Quantum Computing market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption:The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the Enterprise Quantum Computing market as well as for key regional markets.

Value Chain and Sales Analysis:It deeply analyzes customers, distributors, sales channels, and value chain of the Enterprise Quantum Computing market.

Key Findings:This section gives a quick look at the important findings of the research study.

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Enterprise Quantum Computing Market Size, Scope, Growth Opportunities, Trends by Manufacturers And Forecast to 2029 This Is Ardee - This Is Ardee

Joe Sitt and Thor Equities are investment specialists and property developers focusing on the life science sectors in the US and Western Europe. In the article below, Joe Sitt and Thor Equities discuss the particular infrastructure needs in the life science industry.

Thors life science portfolio includes assets in premier clusters including New Jersey, San Jose, and Boston. Thors assets in New Jersey include recently redeveloped 95 Greene Street, the first pre-built lab ready asset in Jersey City. Also in New Jersey, Thor owns 7 Powder Horn Drive in Warren which is occupied by Celgene BMS, and The New Jersey Center of Excellence in Bridgewater, a 784,000-square-foot secure campus leased to anchor tenants Nestl Health Science, Ashland, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, and PTC Therapeutics. Thor also acquired an R&D asset leased to semiconductor developer NXP Semiconductors in San Jose in 2021. Thor most recently sold a 72-acre life science complex, The Lab at North Carolinas Research Triangle Park, an assemblage of six buildings totaling 70,132 square feet.

The life sciences sector covers a broad spectrum of studies, ranging from macro trends affecting entire ecosystems down to viral tracking and genetic modification. Given the vast scope of the field, its understandable that life sciences requires highly specialized infrastructure and advanced tools to make new discoveries and stay at the forefront.

Infrastructure is often looked at as an expensive investment but, without it, science would be unable to advance. Today, Joe Sitt of Thor Equities discusses some of the most pressing infrastructure needs affecting the life sciences class and discusses how these infrastructure needs can be met to better advance the field.

Centralized Information Systems to Accommodate Life Sciences at All Levels

Whether scientists are tracking climate patterns or collecting data on the behavior of colonial protozoa, they require a centralized information system that can store and distribute findings throughout the industry. Joe Sitt and Thor Equities explain that this type of infrastructure is important for several reasons:

Quantum Computation to Speed Up Data Analysis

When the Human Genome Project first announced that it would begin sequencing the entire human genome in 1990, it estimated that the project would take 15 years to complete. Now, thanks to technological advancements in computing power, scientists can sequence a persons genome in just 5 hours. Yet, for science to continue making such groundbreaking advancements, we cant settle with what we have says Joe Sitt and Thor Equities.

We must push the envelope and find ways to further improve computing power. This is where quantum computation comes in according to Joe Sitt and Thor Equities. Quantum computation is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform operations on data. This type of computing is still in its infancy, but it has the potential to revolutionize the life sciences by providing a way to speed up data analysis.

Currently, data analysis is a bottleneck in the life sciences class. Joe Sitt and Thor Equities explain that scientists often spend months or even years analyzing data that has been collected. Quantum computation has the potential to speed up this process by orders of magnitude, which would allow scientists to make new discoveries much faster.

While quantum computation is still in its early stages, there are already a few companies that are developing quantum computers for commercial use. IBM, Google, and Microsoft are all researching ways to build quantum computers and its only a matter of time before these computers become available to the general public.

Improved Tools for Data Collection and Analysis

In addition to improved computing power, the life sciences also need better tools for data collection and analysis. For example, microscopes are an essential tool for biologists but the vast majority of microscopes in use today are still using 100-year-old technology says Joe Sitt and Thor Equities. While these microscopes are still useful, they are not able to take advantage of recent advancements.

As a result, biologists are limited in their ability to collect and analyze data. By making electron microscopes more easily accessible, biologists would be able to collect more accurate and detailed data. Additionally, new microscopes would allow for the study of smaller and more delicate specimens explains Joe Sitt and Thor Equities.

Although the technologies for this to become possible already exist, they are still relatively expensive and limited to large university systems and federally backed research facilities. If this equipment becomes more readily available, scientists around the world would be able to make advancements at a faster pace says Joe Sitt of Thor Equities.

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Joe Sitt and Thor Equities Discuss Infrastructure Needs in the Life Science Industry - OCNJ Daily

We have turned our ears to space in the search for extraterrestrial civilizations. We have listened, we have waited, and so far, we have not heard anything.

Perhaps no one is there.Or perhaps were just not listening in the right way.

That is what Arjun Berera and Jaime Caldern-Figueroa from the University of Edinburgh suggest. They propose that messages traveling through space could make use of the quantum nature of light. The researchers explored this possibility and published their findings in Physical Review D on June 28.

The Universe is a pretty big place. With our current understanding of science, it would take generations to reach nearby stars. But if what we wanted was simply to send a message across the expanse, why not send it at the fastest speed possible the speed of light?

Most of our searches for intelligent life among the stars have focused on electromagnetic radiation. We normally tune into the radio or optical regions of the electromagnetic spectrum radio waves can travel easily through dust and gas in space. Others have proposed that pulsing lasers at the sky might be a clever way to send a message to any civilization that may be listening in. In any case, whenever we search for communications from extraterrestrial civilizations, we look for this kind of non-natural contrivance.

We know a message can be encoded in the properties of electromagnetic radiation itself in the amplitude and frequency of its waves. We do this on Earth all the time when we use radios, cell phones, and wi-fi.

Berera and Caldern-Figueroa propose there is another way to send information: using photons. Instead of relying on the way electromagnetic radiation travels as a wave we can use photons as particles. Information can be encoded in the quantum states of these particles.

How does this work?

One method of quantum communication is through quantum teleportation. This uses three quantum bits, or qubits, the principal unit of quantum information. Traditional particles, when they hold information, can be, say, a 1 or a 0. Qubits, as quantum particles, can be both 1 and 0 until someone observes them.

In quantum teleportation, two of the three qubits are entangled. Therefore, when one is measured to be 1, the other would also be 1. In effect, the particles have the same state no matter where they are in the Universe.

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Quantum teleportation is not the teleportation of actual particles, but rather of the information those particles contain. To see how it works, imagine two entangled qubits shared between two people. The first person cannot exactly copy every aspect of her qubit and send it to the second person such copying is prohibited in the quantum world. Instead, the sender can let her qubit interact with qubit number 3. She then sends the results of this interaction to the receiver in a classical manner, which means the communication can move no faster than the speed of light. Once this information is received, the second person can have his own qubit interact with qubit number 3, in effect retrieving the message.

This concept has implications well beyond communication with extraterrestrials. Each qubit is a superposition of a 1 and a 0. Once observed, however, it collapses into a specific value. This behavior means that once someone intercepts the message, the sender will know. Quantum communications are thus incredibly secure and hold promise for all sorts of applications from finance to national security and the protection of personal identity.

The authors claim that an interstellar message built in this way could contain a huge amount of information. Imagine you send a message containing n number of qubits. A quantum wavefunction comprised of n qubits in principle could contain a linear combination of all these 2n states, the authors say. In other words, a message could have 2n states.

However, we currently do not know how to extract the information. Berera and Caldern-Figueroa point out that once the message is observed, the wavefunction collapses into a certain state, and the rest of the message is lost. There may be a way to extract more information from the message using quantum operators, and this is an active area of research within quantum computing.

In order for quantum communication to transmit data over interstellar distances, the message would need to remain viable. To accomplish this, the authors say that two things have to happen: The message needs to avoid decoherence, and it has to maintain high fidelity.

Decoherence is a problem when it comes to quantum communications. If a message were to interact with the environment in such a way that the latter observes it, the wavefunction would collapse, and the information in the message would be lost. Decoherence could come from all sorts of things in space, including gravitational fields, gas and dust, and the radiation from stars. Space is mostly empty, but the farther the message has to travel, the greater the chance it will interact with something that breaks it down.

Fidelity is also important in a quantum message. Just like when we used to play telephone as children, passing a message along a chain of friends by whispering into the next persons ear, we want the message to remain constant as it travels long distances.

At relatively short distances, decoherence could be a manageable challenge, the authors calculate. They consider fidelity more important: If we are receiving a message from aliens, we want to make sure we are translating the correct message. Certain bands of the spectrum are better than others at keeping fidelity. We could also try to guess the initial state of the message and its source. If we did this, we could reconstruct the message and recover lost fidelity.

Whether or not we can actually do any of this remains to be seen. But if we can learn how space affects quantum communications, we could use this method in our explorations of nearby space from the Moon to the outer Solar System.

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Could we use quantum communication to talk to aliens? - Big Think

DPS Greater Noida's Akshar Kishore, who scored 100% in physics, chemistry and maths in the CBSE 12th result 2022, wants to explore the universe with deep research in physics and quantum computing.

Delhi Public School, Greater Noida's Akshar Kishore scored 99.6% in the CBSE 12th result 2022 released on Friday and became the science topper of the school. He scored a full 100% marks in physics, chemistry and maths.

Commenting on the achievement, Akshar Kishore said, I have always focussed on the process and never on the result. I analysed and adapted myself as per new requirements and worked hard for it.

Akshar Kishore is planning to do deep research in physics and quantum computing.

"Akshar deserves the heartiest appreciation for his hard work in academics. He has really held my head high. I wish Akshar all the best for his higher studies, said, Professor DK Jha, Head of the Department, Physics, Delhi Public School, Greater Noida.

Appreciating Akshars performance, Upasana Chandra, Department of Physics, Delhi Public School, said that, he has always been a sincere, obedient, interactive and respectful child who was focussed on his studies and keen to learn concepts at depth.

"During Covid, he was one of the children who was always ready to respond to the questions asked by the teachers and never hesitated to voice his queries. May he achieve everything in life he wishes for," Chandra said.

--- ENDS ---

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Noida boy with 100% in PCM wants to explore the universe with physics and quantum computing research - India Today

In 1995, Bill Gates released the first edition of The Road Ahead, his take on the implications of personal computing.

The implications were so drastic that Gates revised the book a mere year later, admitting he vastly underestimated how important and how quickly the internet would come to prominence.

Humbled, Bill Gates came to a generalisation:

We always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next ten. Dont let yourself be lulled into inaction.

Gates wasnt the first to realise people overestimate short-term potential while underestimating long-term potential.

In 1995, the journal Massachusetts Review pinned the genesis of the idea to sci-fi author Arthur C Clarke:

Arthur Clarke has noted that we tend to overestimate what we can do in the near future and grossly underestimate what can be done in the distant future. This is because the human imagination extrapolates in a straight line, while real world events develop exponentially like compound interest.

The perils of extrapolating in a straight line is something my colleague Ryan Dinse has written about a lot.

In fact, he even wrote a book about the benefits of exponential investing. As he explained in his book:

Us humans arent used to thinking exponentially. We usually think linearly, in the sense that small incremental changes follow a linear path of change.

Thats why exponential trends shock us with their impact.

This funny little graphic explains it well:

Can we use our historical underestimation of the future to improve our forecasts?

Maybe. But even if we couldnt, guessing the future has merit.

As novelist Nevil Shute noted:

No man can see into the future, but unless somebody makes a guess from time to time and publishes it to stimulate discussion it seems to me that we are drifting in the dark, not knowing where we want to go or how to get there.

So lets dispel the dark were drifting in and ask where crypto is headed.

What will Bitcoin [BTC] and crypto look like in 2030 and beyond?

Well, not everything, but what would the 2030s look like if the world took on a great decentralisation project?

While many think of bitcoin as nothing but a currency, bitcoins protocol and the underlying blockchain technology have much wider implications.

Princeton computer science professor Arvind Narayanan wrote that bitcoins underlying technology may cause a rethink on centralised institutions:

Bitcoins apparent success at decentralising currency may cause a rethinking of other centralised institutionsones dealing with stocks, bonds, property titles, and more. Can block chain technology be applied to decentralise them as well? And if decentralisation is technically possible, is it also financially sensible and beneficial to society?

Blockchain technology can be applied far and wide.

In 2030, you might even find yourself buying a smart car using the blockchain without even needing to meet the seller.

As Narayanan writes:

Consider the situation where Alice owns a smart car and wants to sell it to Bob. The ability to transfer control digitally opens up interesting possibilities. For example, Alice might be travelling overseas, and to fund further travel expenses might want to sell her car, which is physically parked in her driveway back home. With an Internet connection, Bob could pay Alice for the car with Bitcoin, Alice can remotely transfer ownership to Bob with the block chain used by the car, and Bob can drive away with his new car.

As long as the currency used for payment and the car ownership coexist on the same block chain, Alice and Bob can form a single atomic transaction that simultaneously transfers ownership of the car and the payment for the car. Specifically, the transaction would specify two inputs: Alices ownership and Bobs payment; and specify two outputs: the ownership to Bob and the payment to Alice.

Like with smart car sales, blockchain technology may also change the way we conduct real estate transactions.

Real estate, cars, assets blockchain can change the way we conduct sales via whats known as smart property.

Smart property is an asset that has access to the blockchainand can be controlled via the blockchain, be that by means of transactions, transfers, or contracts.

If we can connect property to the blockchain, we are one step closer to making real the promise of the Internet of Things (IoT):

As researchers Konstantinos Christidis and Michael Devetsikiotis noted in a paper on blockchains and the IoT (emphasis added):

The combination of blockchains and IoT can be pretty powerful. Blockchains give us resilient, truly distributed peer-to-peer systems and the ability to interact with peers in a trustless, auditable manner. Smart contracts allow us to automate complex multi-step processes.

The devices in the IoT ecosystem are the points of contact with the physical world.

We believe that the continued integration of blockchains in the IoT domain will cause significant transformations across several industries, bringing about new business models and having us reconsider how existing systems and processes are implemented.

Now, on to something less upbeat for cryptos futurethe threat posed by quantum computing.

As a piece in the New Scientist explains (emphasis added):

The bitcoin network is kept secure by computers known as miners that use a cryptographic algorithm called SHA-256, which was created by the US National Security Agency. Breaking this code is essentially impossible for ordinary computers, but quantum computers, which can exploit the properties of quantum physics to speed up some calculations, could theoretically crack it open.

Of course, quantum computing is not just a threat to crypto. Quantum computing poses a threat to cryptography in general.

As computer scientist Mark Webber wrote in a recent paper:

Although bitcoin is secure for the foreseeable future, there are concerns about other encrypted data with a much wider window of vulnerability. An encrypted email sent today can be harvested, stored and decrypted in the future once a quantum computer is available a so-called harvest now, decrypt later attack, which some security experts believe is already happening.

Now, what does bitcoin is secure for the foreseeable future mean exactly?

It means that while quantum computing can, in theory, pose a serious risk to bitcoins protocol, the quantum computing power required to be a viable threat does not exist today.

Webber calculated that breaking bitcoins encryption in a 10-minute window would require 1.9 billion qubits or quantum bits (equivalent to standard computing bits). Breaking the encryption in an hour requires about 320 million qubits, which drops all the way to 13 million qubits if breaking the encryption in a day.

Currently, the most powerful quantum computers have about 130 qubits, well below the threshold.

But lets remember Bill Gatess adage about underestimating the future.

As Webber elaborated (emphasis added):

This large physical qubit requirement implies that the Bitcoin network will be secure from quantum computing attacks for many years (potentially over a decade). The Bitcoin network could nullify this threat by performing a soft fork onto an encryption method that is quantum secure, but there may be serious scaling concerns associated with the switch.

Secure for many years, but not inherently immune.

Developments in quantum computing are definitely something to monitor.

No one can see the future, but its worthwhile sometimes to venture guesses.

With that in mind, here are some questions I have about the future of crypto.

Thinking about them may give us glimpses of the future.

In 10 years, how many people will own bitcoin? Will it be 10% of the global population? 30%?

In 10 years, will we use bitcoin predominantly to transact buy and sell goods and services or will we store bitcoin as investments?

Will bitcoin remain the dominant cryptocurrency in 2030?

Will the blockchain have a wide, mainstream application by 2030? In what sector? Healthcare, smart contracts, real estate?

Now, there are many other questions we can pose. Im sure you have plenty.

If youre interested in crypto, the blockchain, and bitcoin, then I highly recommend you check out the upcoming seminar hosted by Ryan, our veteran crypto expert.

To register, for free, to attend The Great Crypto Lock-Up Seminar this Thursdayjust go here.

Regards,

Kiryll Prakapenka,For Money Morning

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Examining the Future of Crypto - Money Morning Australia - Money Morning

Plants are truly the Earths custodians as they grow roots into the soil, they take carbon down with them, storing it there. These roots also safeguard the plants resilience, insulating the land from the effects of extreme weather, like drought. If roots can grow deeper and steeper, a new paper suggests, they can take carbon down farther and optimize nutrient and water uptake in the plants even more.

Whats new In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers announce the discovery of a gene that helps direct plant roots direction and depth into the ground below. The discovery could enable engineered crops that harness the genes abilities to make the crop plant grow steeper and deeper roots In turn, this would make the crop more resilient to drought caused by climate change, and help to store carbon taken in from the atmosphere further underground.

X-ray micro-computed tomography scan image of Morex (wild-type) and egt1 (mutant) roots in soil, showing major differences in seminal root growth angle. Mutant roots show steeper root phenotype compared to the wild-type.Dr. Riccardo Fusi, University of Nottingham.

Root angle controls how efficiently plants can capture water and nutrients. For instance, shallow roots best capture phosphate which accumulates in the top-soil region, while steeper roots are better for foraging for water and nitrate in deeper soil layers, Rahul Bhosale, a co-author and assistant professor at the University of Nottingham, says in a statement.

Steeper roots are also important for helping bury carbon deeper into soil, he adds.

The discovery We have found that mutants lacking function of the EGT1 gene exhibit a steeper growth angle in all classes of roots, says Haoyu Lou, a co-author on the study and a researcher at the University of Adelaide, in a statement. The gene was discovered in wheat and barley.

Remarkably, the roots behave as if they are overly sensitive to gravity they are unable to grow outwards from the plant, and instead grow straight down.

If farmers were to harness the power of the gene using traditional breeding techniques, they could select plants that show straighter, deeper roots by mapping them using X-Ray technology. Alternatively, crops could be modified to lack a functional EGT1 gene and achieve steeper, deeper, more resilient roots.

Read more about this study.

A cryostat from a quantum computer.picture alliance/picture alliance/Getty Images

Nature is full of patterns: Jazzy geometrics, sizzling stripes, delightful dots. But none can hold a candle to the rare beauty of the Fibonacci sequence. This is a set of numbers that helps to describe the intricate design of a sunflowers head or a romanesco cauliflower. It could also help propel quantum computing from remaining largely in theory to being used in reality.

As Rahul Rao reports for Inverse, scientists used a laser to create a new phase of matter that switches states to a Fibonacci-like rhythm in time, like a ticking clock pedulum.

The matter consists of ten ions of ytterbium, a rare earth element quite common in quantum computers, caged in an electric field.

There are special types of phases of quantum matter which have protected quantum information, says Philipp Dumitrescu, a theoretical physicist formerly at the Flatiron Institute in New York City and the papers lead author.

Those phases of matter can cancel out all sorts of errors.

Thats what the matter created here may be able to do, the study suggests. Time will tell if the breakthrough leads to a new leap for quantum computing, but it's one of the many intricate steps physicists must take to translate the theory to the real world.

Read the full story.

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One gene could boost plants resilience to extreme weather and store more carbon - Inverse

New Curtin-led research has pinpointed the exact home of the oldest and most famous Martian meteorite for the first time ever, offering critical geological clues about the earliest origins of Mars.

Using a multidisciplinary approach involving a machine learning algorithm, the new research published today inNature Communications identified the crater on Mars that ejected the so-called Black Beauty meteorite, weighing 320 grams, and paired stones, which were first reportedly found in northern Africa in 2011. The researchers have named the specific Mars crater after the Pilbara city of Karratha, located more than 1500km north of Perth in Western Australia, which is home to one of the oldest terrestrial rocks.

The discovery was made using an algorithm that was developed in-house at Curtin by an interdisciplinary group that included members from the Curtin Institute for Computation and the School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, as well as the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre and the Australian Space Data Analysis Facility, with funding from the Australian Research Council.

Using one of the fastest supercomputers in the Southern Hemisphere at the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre, and the Curtin HIVE (Hub for Immersive Visualisation and eResearch), researchers analysed a massive volume of high-resolution planetary images through a machine learning algorithm to detect impact craters.

The papers lead author Dr Anthony Lagain, from Curtins Space Science and Technology Centre in the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, said the exciting discovery offered never-before-known details about the Martian meteorite NWA 7034, known as Black Beauty, which is widely studied across the globe. Black Beauty is the only brecciated Martian sample available on Earth, meaning it contains angular fragments of multiple rock types cemented together which is different from all other Martian meteorites that contain single rock types.

For the first time, the geological context of the only brecciated Martian sample available on Earth is now known, 10 years before NASAs Mars Sample Return mission is set to send back samples collected by the Perseverance rover currently exploring the Jezero crater, Dr Lagain said.

The researcher noted that identifying the originating area of the Black Beauty meteorite is crucial as it contains the oldest Martian fragments ever found, aged at 4.48 billion years old, and it shows similarities between Mars very old crust, aged about 4.53 billion years old, and todays Earth continents. The region the team identified as being the source of this unique Martian meteorite sample constitutes a true window into the earliest environment of the planets, including the Earth, which our planet lost because of plate tectonics and erosion.

Co-author Professor Gretchen Benedix, also from Curtins Space Science and Technology Centre in the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, said this research paved the way to locate the ejection site of other Martian meteorites, to create the most exhaustive view of the Red Planets geological history.

The team is also modifying the algorithm that was used to pinpoint Black Beautys point of ejection from Mars to unlock other secrets from the Moon and Mercury. It is hoped that this will help determine their geological history and answer burning questions that will help future investigations of the Solar System such as the Artemis program to send humans on the Moon by the end of the decade or the BepiColombo mission, in orbit around Mercury in 2025.

The research also involved experts from Paris-Saclay University, Paris Observatory, Musum National dHistoire Naturelle, the French National Centre for Scientific Research, the Flix Houphout-Boigny University on the Ivory Coast and Northern Arizona University and Rutgers University in the United States of America.

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Cloud, AI, IoT to Drive IT, Telecom Sector Growth in Vietnam - OpenGov Asia

Countries designate technologies as strategic for a variety of reasons. Some technologies are regarded as an engine for economic growth, others as a way to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers, a defensive measure, a path to gain economic or national security advantages, or even serve as leverage during times of conflict. Weve seen this play out with satellites, cellular networks, atomic energy, chip manufacturing and more.

Quantum computing is a new strategic technology with wide-reaching implications. The ability to solve problems and perform calculations that no existing classical computer can, or ever will be able to, opens a plethora of strategic opportunities and challenges.

Much attention has been focused on decryption using quantum computers. The worlds financial systems and many computer networks are protected by an encryption scheme that was once considered unbreakable. And indeed, it would take classical computers many years to break it. But a powerful-enough quantum computer could crack the code in a few hours. Suddenly, bank accounts, health records, and other sensitive information could be left exposed, with untold consequential damages. Though quantum computers that can break the code might not be available for another 5 to 10 years, bad actors are already recording sensitive encrypted information so theyre ready to decrypt it in the future. Even when considering blockchain, public-to-public-key and reused public-to-public-key-hash addresses are vulnerable to quantum attacks, raising concerns about bitcoin and contracts that are secured by the blockchain.

Those same quantum computing technologies can also act as a strong defensive measure. Many organizations are using quantum technology, and specifically, quantum key distribution, to create encryption schemes that are much more difficult to break or gain access to.

But while companies should indeed consider the positive and negative impact of quantum computers on their encryption and communication systems, they should also be aware that they can gain strategic leverage from superior quantum computing technology.

Quantum can be a game-changing differentiator when working with huge data sets, models that have numerous variables yet exhibit a high rate of change over time. This can apply to moonshot projectscuring cancer, decoding the human genebut also to everyday problems such as optimizing shipping routes or balancing personal stock portfolios.

Take, for instance, energy storage. Quantum computers excel at simulating chemical and pharmaceutical compounds. This is because chemical interaction is done at the quantum physics level, andas Noble Laureate Richard Feynman noted 40 years agoa quantum system is the best choice to simulate quantum phenomena. Powerful quantum computers, and the software that drives them, can be used to develop superior batteries with higher efficiency, lower weight, and higher capacity. Since batteries represent about 30% of the cost of an electric vehicle and play a critical role in its usefulness, leadership in battery technology could translate to leadership in the electrification of vehicles, energy storage for buildings and more.

Machine learning is another example. Whether to improve conversational AI, solve protein-folding problems or analyze images and videos, countries that develop leading ML capabilities gain strategic advantages. Quantum computing offers dramatic new ML opportunities. They stem from the ability of a quantum computer to load much more information than classical ones, execute numerous calculations simultaneously and use these capabilities to uncover new and meaningful data patterns.

That unique quantum ability to perform numerous calculations in parallel, as opposed to sequentially, comes in handy for better weather forecasting, more accurate assessment of financial risk and the ability to streamline the supply chain, optimize traffic and improve the dynamic allocation of shared resources, such as cellular spectrums.

Many countries understand this. Indeed, we are seeing a global quantum arms race, bearing similarities to the space race of decades ago. China, for instance, is reportedly investing $10 billion in a national quantum program. The European Union has pledged significant amounts in addition to what member-states are pledging individually. The US committed $1.2 billion as part of the National Quantum Initiative, followed by another $1 billion in National Science Foundation funding for AI and quantum centers. Many additional countries including Russia, Japan, India, Germany and France have created their own national quantum programs.

Given the strategic and wide-ranging consequences of superior quantum computing capacity, it is fair to ask what constitutes technical superiority. We look at two key components: hardware and software. Quantum computing hardware is about exploring new ways to create high-quality quantum bits or qubitsand integrating them into machines with larger capacity and higher computational accuracy. But this hardware will be useless without software that allows researchers to quickly translate their algorithms into the low-level instructions that quantum computers need to operate. Yet this quantum circuit creation is done nearly manually today, very close to the hardware itself. But as computers become larger and more powerful, it will become impossible for humans to cope with the scale and complexity of quantum circuitsunless they harness new breakthroughs in software development platforms.

Conventional computing capabilities are limited: you have to break the data into 1s and 0s. Quantum changes that and thus opens many opportunities that can look at multiple variables simultaneously.

Attaining and retaining strategic advantages requires long-term planning and focused execution. Analysts say that the U.S. lost the 5G war to China. Can the US afford to lose the quantum race as well? What if China or another nation unveiled tomorrow morning a scientifically-credible demonstration of a computer that cracks financial encryption or accurately simulates a complex molecule? Overnight, the world will feel completely different.

Here are four ways countries can increase their chances of winning the race:

We are at a critical juncture. Lets not wait for the quantum equivalent of a Sputnik moment. Rarely does a new technology come along that provides those who can harness it with this level of power.

Now is the time to grab the quantum bull by the horns. Our children and grandchildren will thank us for it.

Adm. Mike Rogers is the former head of U.S. Cyber Command and the National Security Agency. Nir Minerbi is theCEO and co-founder at quantum software providerClassiq.

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The Quantum Computing Arms Race is not Just About Breaking Encryption Keys - Nextgov

The quantum internet is coming. Image Credit: Yurchanka Siarhei/Shutterstock.com

In recent years, quantum computing has taken quantum leaps in practicality, scalability, and raw computing power. However, replacing the worlds internet infrastructure with an entirely new system would likely take the best part of a century after all, many parts of the world dont even have access to the current internet.

One of the best ways scientists could make the quantum internet scalable would be to utilize the current infrastructure to transmit information.

Now, a research laboratory in Illinois has demonstrated long-distance transmission of quantum information using just existing fiber optic cables, pushing forward the dream of a scalable quantum internet.

To have two national labs that are 50 kilometers apart, working on quantum networks with this shared range of technical capability and expertise, is not a trivial thing, said Panagiotis Spentzouris, head of the Quantum Science Program at Fermilab, in a statement.

You need a diverse team to attack this very difficult and complex problem.

The experiment involved transporting quantum-encoded photons across a large distance while maintaining a high level of synchronization between them in human words, particles that have been modified to carry information are transported through a network while both ends of the line are working in harmony.

Synchronization is the real difficulty here. Computers must be synchronized across a network for a number of security and functional reasons, but this cannot rely on a standard clock. If you checked your watch and your friend checked theirs, even if you intentionally set them to almost identical times, they would still differ slightly by fractions of a second. For classical computing this simply wont do, so synchronization relies on Network Time Protocol (NTP), which synchronizes all participating computers within milliseconds of one another.

However, quantum computers are even pickier and require even smaller margins of error, so researchers must get creative to achieve synchronicity. The researchers sent a clock down the same optical fibres they were sending the quantum-encoded photons, just on different wavelengths to avoid interference, though this is no easy feat.

Choosing appropriate wavelengths for the quantum and classical synchronization signals is very important for minimizing interference that will affect the quantum information, said Rajkumar Kettimuthu, an Argonne computer scientist and project team member.

One analogy could be that the fiber is a road, and wavelengths are lanes. The photon is a cyclist, and the clock is a truck. If we are not careful, the truck can cross into the bike lane. So, we performed a large number of experiments to make sure the truck stayed in its lane.

They succeeded, with just a 5-picosecond difference between the clocks at each location. The researchers had managed to send quantum information across a long-distance network, using just current infrastructure, with incredible precision.

This is the first demonstration in real conditions to use real optical fiber to achieve this type of superior synchronization accuracy and the ability to coexist with quantum information, Spentzouris said.

This record performance is an essential step on the path to building practical multinode quantum networks.

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Quantum Information Transmitted Over A Long Distance Using Current Infrastructure - IFLScience