Category Archives: Quantum Computing

Lasers were created 60 years ago this year, when three different laser devices were unveiled by independent laboratories in the United States. A few years later, one of these inventors called the unusual light sources a solution seeking a problem. Today, the laser has been applied to countless problems in science, medicine and everyday technologies, with a market of more than US$11 billion per year.

A crucial difference between lasers and traditional sources of light is the temporal coherence of the light beam, or just coherence. The coherence of a beam can be measured by a number C, which takes into account the fact light is both a wave and a particle.

Read more: Explainer: what is wave-particle duality

From even before lasers were created, physicists thought they knew exactly how coherent a laser could be. Now, two new studies (one by myself and colleagues in Australia, the other by a team of American physicists) have shown C can be much greater than was previously thought possible.

The coherence C is roughly the number of photons (particles of light) emitted consecutively into the beam with the same phase (all waving together). For typical lasers, C is very large. Billions of photons are emitted into the beam, all waving together.

This high degree of coherence is what makes lasers suitable for high-precision applications. For example, in many quantum computers, we will need a highly coherent beam of light at a specific frequency to control a large number of qubits over a long period of time. Future quantum computers may need light sources with even greater coherence.

Read more: Explainer: quantum computation and communication technology

Physicists have long thought the maximum possible coherence of a laser was governed by an iron rule known as the Schawlow-Townes limit. It is named after the two American physicists who derived it theoretically in 1958 and went on to win Nobel prizes for their laser research. They stated that the coherence C of the beam cannot be greater than the square of N, the number of energy-excitations inside the laser itself. (These excitations could be photons, or they could be atoms in an excited state, for example.)

Now, however, two theory papers have appeared that overturn the Schawlow-Townes limit by reimagining the laser. Basically, Schawlow and Townes made assumptions about how energy is added to the laser (gain) and how it is released to form the beam (loss).

The assumptions made sense at the time, and still apply to lasers built today, but they are not required by quantum mechanics. With the amazing advances that have occurred in quantum technology in the past decade or so, our imagination need not be limited by standard assumptions.

The first paper, published this week in Nature Physics, is by my group at Griffith University and a collaborator at Macquarie University. We introduced a new model, which differs from a standard laser in both gain and loss processes, for which the coherence C is as big as N to the fourth power.

In a laser containing as many photons as a regular laser, this would allow C to be much bigger than before. Moreover, we show a laser of this kind could in principle be built using the technology of superconducting qubits and circuits which is used in the currently most successful quantum computers.

Read more: Why are scientists so excited about a recently claimed quantum computing milestone?

The second paper, by a team at the University of Pittsburgh, has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal but recently appeared on the physics preprint archive. These authors use a somewhat different approach, and end up with a model in which C increases like N to the third power. This group also propose building their laser using superconducting devices.

It is important to note that, in both cases, the laser would not produce a beam of visible light, but rather microwaves. But, as the authors of this second paper note explicitly, this is exactly the type of source required for superconducting quantum computing.

The standard limit is that C is proportional to N , the Pittsburgh group achieved C proportional to N , and our model has C proportional to N . Could some other model achieve an even higher coherence?

No, at least not if the laser beam has the ideal coherence properties we expect from a laser beam. This is another of the results proven in our Nature Physics paper. Coherence proportional to the fourth power of the number of photons is the best that quantum mechanics allows, and we believe it is physically achievable.

An ultimate achievable limit that surpasses what is achievable with standard methods, is known as a Heisenberg limit. This is because it is related to Heisenbergs uncertainty principle.

Read more: Explainer: Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle

A Heisenberg-limited laser, as we call it, would not be just a revolution in the design and performance of lasers. It also requires a fundamental rethinking of what a laser is: not restricted to the current kinds of devices, but any device which turns inputs with little coherence into an output of very high coherence.

It is the nature of revolutions that it is impossible to tell whether they will succeed when they begin. But if this one does, and standard lasers are supplanted by Heisenberg-limited lasers, at least in some applications, then these two papers will be remembered as the first shots.

Original post:

Reimagining the laser: new ideas from quantum theory could herald a revolution - The Conversation AU

Global Quantum Computing Market Report Covers Market Dynamics, Market Size, And Latest Trends Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic

For obtaining an entire summary of theQuantum Computing market, all one has to do is to read every detail mentioned in the report so as to grasp some of the vital futuristic and present innovative trends mentioned in the record. The Quantum Computing market has all the factors including growth benefits, product sales, customer demands, economic flexibilities, various applications, and entire market segmentation detailed out in a well-patterned format.

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On a global scale, the Quantum Computing market is shown to have crossed the profit bar due to the inclusion of endless strategies like government regulations, specific industrial policies, product expenditure analysis, and future events. The focus on the dominating players Magiq Technologies Inc., 1QB Information Technologies Inc., D-Wave Systems Inc., Intel Corporation, Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation (NTT), Cambridge Quantum Computing Ltd, Fujitsu, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), Evolutionq Inc, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HP), QxBranch, LLC, Google Inc., Toshiba Corporation, Station Q Microsoft Corporation, University Landscape, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Accenture, Quantum Circuits, Inc, Rigetti Computing, Hitachi Ltd, QC Ware Corp. of the Quantum Computing market gives an idea about the growth enhancement being experienced on the global platform.

Key Insights encompassed in the Quantum Computing market report

Latest technological advancement in the Quantum Computing market Studying pricing analysis and market strategies trailed by the market players to enhance global Quantum Computing market growth Regional development status off the Quantum Computing market and the impact of COVID-19 in different regions Detailing of the supply-demand chain, market valuation, drivers, and more

The Quantum Computing market report provides not only the clients but also all the other entrepreneurs with the market statistics, applications, product type, end-users, topological growth, market funds, and others in a diamond-like transparent format. The topological bifurcation North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia and Turkey etc.), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) is important in order to study the overall market growth and development. The current report beams some light on the futuristic scopes and the alterations needed in the industrial and government strategy for the benefit of the global market.

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An Overview About the Table of Contents:

Global Quantum Computing Market Overview Target Audience for the Quantum Computing Market Economic Impact on the Quantum Computing Market Global Quantum Computing Market Forecast Business Competition by Manufacturers Production, Revenue (Value) by Region Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type Market Analysis by Application Cost Analysis Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy, and Downstream Buyers Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders Market Effect Factors Analysis

This informative report provides some of the vital details about the Quantum Computing market regarding segmentation {Simulation, Optimization, Sampling}; {Defense, Banking & Finance, Energy & Power, Chemicals, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals, Others} such as application in various sectors, product type bifurcations, supply and demand statistics, and growth factors, which are commonly required for the potential positive growth and development.

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What are the major trends that are constantly influencing the growth of the Quantum Computing market? Which are the prominent regions that offer immense prospects for players in the Quantum Computing market? What are the business strategies adopted by key players to sustain in the global Quantum Computing market? What is the expected size and growth rate of the global Quantum Computing market during the forecast period? What are the factors impacting the growth of the global Quantum Computing market? What are the challenges and threats faced by key players in the Quantum Computing market?

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Global Quantum Computing Market 2020 COVID-19 Updated Analysis By Product (Simulation, Optimization, Sampling); By Application (Defense, Banking &...

The latest published an effective statistical data titled as Quantum Computing Technologies Market. It defines about the recent innovations, applications and end users of the market. It covers the different aspects, which are responsible for the growth of the industries. Different domains are considered on the basis of the capital of Quantum Computing Technologies market. The analyst examines different companies on the basis of their productivity to review the current strategies. All leading players across the globe, are profiled with different terms, such as product types, industry outlines, sales and much more.

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The study throws light on the recent trends, technologies, methodologies, and tools, which can boost the performance of companies. For further market investment, it gives the depth knowledge of different market segments, which helps to tackle the issues in businesses. It includes effective predictions about the growth factors and restraining factors that can help to enlarge the businesses by finding issues and acquire more outcomes. Leading market players and manufacturers are studied to give a brief idea about competitions. To make well-informed decisions in Quantum Computing Technologies areas, it gives the accurate statistical data.

The analyst also focuses on economic and environmental factors, which impacts on the growth of the businesses. For global analysis, the market is examined by considering the different regions such as North America, Latin America, Japan, China, and India. Leading companies are focusing on spreading their products across the regions. Research and development activities of the various industries are included in the report, to decide the flow of the market.

segment by Type, the product can be split intoSoftwareHardware

Market segment by Application, split intoGovernmentBusinessHigh-TechBanking & SecuritiesManufacturing & LogisticsInsuranceOther

Based on regional and country-level analysis, the Quantum Computing Technologies market has been segmented as follows:North AmericaUnited StatesCanadaEuropeGermanyFranceU.K.ItalyRussiaNordicRest of EuropeAsia-PacificChinaJapanSouth KoreaSoutheast AsiaIndiaAustraliaRest of Asia-PacificLatin AmericaMexicoBrazilMiddle East & AfricaTurkeySaudi ArabiaUAERest of Middle East & Africa

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Competition Analysis

This report examines the ups and downs of the leading key players, which helps to maintain proper balance in the framework. Different global regions, such as Germany, South Africa, Asia Pacific, Japan, and China are analyzed for the study of productivity along with its scope. Moreover, this report marks the factors, which are responsible to increase the patrons at domestic as well as global level.

The key players covered in this studyAirbus GroupCambridge Quantum ComputingIBMGoogle Quantum AI LabMicrosoft Quantum ArchitecturesNokia Bell LabsAlibaba Group Holding LimitedIntel CorporationToshiba

It gives a detailed description of drivers and opportunities in Quantum Computing Technologies market that helps the consumers and potential customers to get a clear vision and take effective decisions. Different analysis models, such as, Quantum Computing Technologies are used to discover the desired data of the target market. In addition to this, it comprises various strategic planning techniques, which promotes the way to define and develop the framework of the industries.

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The reports conclusion leads into the overall scope of the global market with respect to feasibility of investments in various segments of the market, along with a descriptive passage that outlines the feasibility of new projects that might succeed in the global Quantum Computing Technologies market in the near future. The report will assist understand the requirements of customers, discover problem areas and possibility to get higher, and help in the basic leadership manner of any organization. It can guarantee the success of your promoting attempt, enables to reveal the clients competition empowering them to be one level ahead and restriction losses.

The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview

Chapter 2 Industry Cost Structure and Economic Impact

Chapter 3 Rising Trends and New Technologies with Major key players

Chapter 4 Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Analysis, Trends, Growth Factor

Chapter 5 Quantum Computing Technologies Market Application and Business with Potential Analysis

Chapter 6 Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Segment, Type, Application

Chapter 7 Global Quantum Computing Technologies Market Analysis (by Application, Type, End User)

Chapter 8 Major Key Vendors Analysis of Quantum Computing Technologies Market

Chapter 9 Development Trend of Analysis

Chapter 10 Conclusion

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Quantum Computing Technologies to Garner Brimming Revenues by 2020-2025 - The Think Curiouser

Oct. 26, 2020 The Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) has created ten spin-offs in the last five years. These companies use results from part of the research and technology developed at the center to offer cutting-edge services in such diverse areas as biomedicine, aerospace and automobile industries security or quantum computing.

The launch of these ten BSC spin-offs has resulted in the creation so far of 93 high-skilled job posts. Together, they reach an external funding of 2,5M of Euros, as well as contracts for more than 8M of Euros.

These constitution operations have entailed the transfer of 23 BSC technologies, as well as others from different research institutions such as the UPC (Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya), UB (Universitat de Barcelona), IRB (Institut de Recerca Biomdica), ICREA institution, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas) or Imperial College London, through the signature of license contracts.

BSCs associate director, Josep M. Martorell, states that the creation of these ten spin-offs confirms the commitment of the center for the development of not only outstanding research, but also relevant; that is to say, with a high impact on society. According to Martorell, in the mid and long term, we hope that many companies from our center co-live within our ecosystem, and that they produce quality job posts and attract investment continuously. This would be one of the many ways we have to give back to society what it has offered to us since our creation.

The diversity of the technologies exploited by these companies (from life sciences to earth sciences, as well as engineering and computing) shows the wide scope of our research. Supercomputing technologies are one of the most important and enabling ones today, without which many disciplines could not exploit all their research potential.

The ten BSC spin-offs

The last spin-offs created from BSC have been Energy Aware Solutions, S.L. (EAS) and FRONTWAVE IMAGING, S.L., constituted last September.

You can check all BSC spin-offs at this link.

Source: BSC

More here:

Technologies Developed at BSC Have Allowed the Creation of 10 New Companies in 5 Years - HPCwire

A new 11.1m project has launched with the aim of uniting Irelands various quantum computer research groups.

Some of the biggest names in tech and research have joined forces with the aim of bolstering Irelands quantum computer efforts. The 11.1m Quantum Computing in Ireland (QCoir) initiative will work on a software platform integrating multiple quantum bit technologies being developed in Ireland.

Unlike a traditional binary computer that uses binary bits which can be either one or zero a quantum bit (qubit) can be one, zero or both at the same time. This gives quantum computers the power to solve some of the worlds most complex problems in a fraction of the time that it would take a binary computer.

QCoir partners include Equal1 Labs, IBM, Rockley Photonics, Maynooth University, the Tyndall National Institute, University College Dublin and Mastercard. The project received 7.3m in funding under the Disruptive Technologies Innovation Fund, a 500m fund established under Project Ireland 2040.

Quantum computing is seen as the future of computer technology, said Dr Emanuele Pelucchi, head of epitaxy and physics of nanostructures at Tyndall, based at University College Cork.

Its computing built on the principles of quantum physics, creating, storing and accessing data at atomic and subatomic levels to create vastly powerful computers.

Sources of multiple entangled photons uniquely allow for preparation of highly entangled quantum states. QCoir will leverage the on-chip photonic qubit platform based on site-controlled III-V quantum dots. These unique dots were developed at Tyndall.

Tyndalls CEO, Prof William Scanlon, added that the partnership will set the foundations for a national quantum ecosystem.

It brings together hardware and software providers with application users, and sees multinationals working side by side with researchers and SMEs, he said.

These kinds of industry and academic research partnerships are what will allow Ireland to build a quantum value proposition at international scale.

Quantum computing research is continuing to progress in Ireland. Earlier this year, a team from Trinity College Dublin said it had taken a major step towards the holy grail of quantum computing: a stable, small-scale quantum computer.

Read the rest here:

IBM and Mastercard among partners of 11.1m Irish quantum project - Siliconrepublic.com

Executive Summary

Innovations driving what many refer to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution are as varied as the enterprises affected. Industries and their supply chains are already being revolutionized by several emerging technologies, including 5G networks, artificial intelligence, and advanced robotics, all of which make possible new products and services that are both better and cheaper than current offerings. Unfortunately, not every application of transformational technology is as obviously beneficial to individuals or society as a whole. But rather than panic, regulators will need to step back, and balance costs and benefits rationally.

Amid the economic upheaval caused by Covid-19, technology-driven disruption continues to transform nearly every business at an accelerating pace, from entertainment to shopping to how we work and go to school. Though the crisis may be temporary, many changes in consumer behavior are likely permanent.

Well before the pandemic, however, industries and their supply chains were already being revolutionized by several emerging technologies, including 5G networks, artificial intelligence, and advanced robotics, all of which make possible new products and services that are both better and cheaper than current offerings. That kind of big bang disruption can quickly and repeatedly rewrite the rules of engagement for incumbents and new entrants alike. But is the world changing too fast? And, if so, are governments capable of regulating the pace and trajectory of disruption?

The answers to those questions vary by industry, of course. Thats because the innovations driving what many refer to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution are as varied as the enterprises affected. In my recent book, Pivot to the Future, my co-authors and I identified ten transformative technologies with the greatest potential to generate new value for consumers, which is the only measure of progress that really matters. They are: extended reality, cloud computing, 3D printing, advanced human-computer interactions, quantum computing, edge and fog computing, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and smart robotics.

Some of these disruptors, such as blockchain, robotics, 3D printing and the Internet of things, are already in early commercial use. For others, the potential applications may be even more compelling, though the business cases for reaching them are less obvious. Today, for example, only the least risk-adverse investors are funding development in virtual reality, edge computing, and new user interface technologies that interpret and respond to brainwaves.

Complicating both investment and adoption of transformative technologies is the fact that the applications with the biggest potential to change the world will almost certainly be built on unanticipated combinations of several novel and mature innovations. Think of the way ride-sharing services require existing GPS services, mobile networks, and devices, or how video conferencing relies on home broadband networks and high-definition displays. Looking at just a few of the most exciting examples of things to come make clear just how unusual the next generation of disruptive combinations will be, and how widespread their potential impact on business-as-usual:

Unfortunately, not every application of transformational technology is as obviously beneficial to individuals or society as a whole. Every one of the emerging technologies we identified (and plenty of those already in mainstream use) come with potential negative side effects that may, in some cases, outweigh the benefits. Often, these costs are both hard to predict and difficult to measure.

As disruption accelerates, so too does anxiety about its unintended consequences, feeding what futurist Alvin Toffler first referred to half a century ago as Future Shock. Tech boosters and critics alike are increasingly appealing to governments to intervene, both to promote the most promising innovations and, at the same time, to solve messy social and political conflicts aggravated by the technology revolution.

On the plus side, governments continue to support research and development of emerging technologies, serving as trial users of the most novel applications. The White House, for example, recently committed over $1 billion for continued exploration of leading-edge innovation in artificial intelligence and quantum computing. The Federal Communications Commission has just concluded one its most successful auctions yet for mobile radio frequencies, clearing bandwidth once considered useless for commercial use but now seen as central to nationwide 5G deployments. Palantir, a data analytics company that works closely with governments to assess terrorism and other complex risks, has just filed for a public offering that values the start-up at over $40 billion.

At the same time, a regulatory backlash against technology continues to gain momentum, with concerns about surveillance, the digital divide, privacy, and disinformation leading lawmakers to consider restricting or even banning some of the most popular applications. And the increasingly strategic importance of continued innovation to global competitiveness and national security has fueled increasingly nasty trade disputes, including some between the U.S., China, and the European Union.

Together with on-going antitrust inquiries into the competitive behavior of leading technology providers, these negative reactions underscore what author Adam Thierer sees as the growing prevalence of techno-panics generalized fears about personal autonomy, the fate of democratic government, and perhaps even apocalyptic outcomes from letting some emerging technologies run free.

Disruptive innovation is not a panacea, but nor is it a poison. As technology transforms more industries and becomes the dominant driver of the global economy, it is inevitable both that users will grow more ambivalent, and, as a result, that regulators will become more involved. If, as a popular metaphor of the 1990s had it, the digital economy began as a lawless frontier akin to the American West, its no surprise that as settlements grow socially complex and economically powerful, the law will continue to play catch up, likely for better and for worse.

But rather than panic, regulators need to step back, and balance costs and benefits rationally. Thats the only way well achieve the exciting promise of todays transformational technologies, but still avoid the dystopias.

Read more from the original source:

A Measured Approach to Regulating Fast-Changing Tech - Harvard Business Review

A new study provides the first evidence of exotic particles, known as fourfold topological quasiparticles, in the metallic alloy cobalt monosilicide. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, this comprehensive analysis, one that combines experimental data with theoretical models, provides a detailed understanding of this material. These insights could be used to engineer this and other similar materials with unique and controllable properties. The discovery was the result of a collaboration between researchers at Penn, University of Fribourg, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, and University of Maryland.

The theories underpinning topological insulators, materials with a conductive surface and an insulating core, were pioneered by Penns Charlie Kane and Eugene Mele, winners of the 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. Through their theoretical contributions on topology and symmetry, Kane and Mele postulated the existence of this new class of materials, ones that could be used to create high-efficiency electronics or quantum computing platforms.

But the desire of all theorists is for their work to translate into the real world, says chemist Andrew M. Rappe, who collaborates with Kane and Mele on ways to discover real-world materials that have these exotic properties. The recent hiring of Professor Liang Wu takes our topological physics group to a new level, one where we can understand the materials and observe their properties, all in a close, collaborative loop.

Since coming to Penn in 2018, Wu and his lab have used optics experiments to study how light interacts with topological materials and are interested in validating some of the existing theories about this class of materials. Last year, graduate student Zhuoliang Ni was conducting light pulse laser experiments with cobalt monosilicide (CoSi) to better understand the relationship between topology and nonlinear optics and to see if they could use this material to convert light into electric current. The data they collected seemed to suggest that there might be some unique topological features of CoSi. I realized that theres something interesting in the optical conductivity by itself, says Wu, who then reached out to Mele and Rappe about developing a theory to help explain the results of their experiment.

While CoSi had been studied before, the new data collected by Wus lab was of a higher quality than previous work, allowing the researchers to develop a model that provided a more robust explanation of their findings.

The predictions of topological physics suggested that this material should have some exciting properties, such as linear optical conductivity with increasing photon energy, but a real material has many phenomena going on at the same time, says Rappe. Theorists gradually make their model more complicated and realistic, and the experimentalists account for other features to simplify the experimental presentation. Thats how we come to agreement about which features can be ascribed to the topological properties.

After nearly a year of analyzing data and iterating on different theories, one of the things that stood out was how well these models, ranging from simple to complex, agreed with one another. Its surprising to see this level of agreement for ourselves, says graduate student Zhenyao Fang, who led the theoretical part of this study. Some models are purely derived from physical theories, and some are numerical models derived from first principles methods, so its surprising to observe this kind of agreement between them.

Now, thanks to a combination of cleaner data and robust theoretical models, this cohesion between the theory and the experiments demonstrated in this paper represents a huge step forward, says Wu. The agreement between experiment and theory is extremely good, he adds. Here we provide an example of a comprehensive combination of experiment and theoretical understanding, and this can be applied to many other new materials or systems that will be discovered in the future.

Because CoSi is in a family of materials with a very common crystal structure, the material could be used in alloys with magnetism that are engineered to have more complex topological magnetic properties because of an ability to control their design atom by atom.

This work is also a showcase of Penns expertise in topological physics and paves the way for future experimental and theoretical progress in this field at the University, says Rappe. We now have a vibrant group that merges efforts in topological electronics and photonics, he says. Topological physics is growing, and weve blazed a trail that other people can follow with other materials for designing desirable opto-electronic properties.

Andrew M. Rappe is the Blanchard Professor in the Department of Chemistry in the School of Arts & Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania.

Liang Wu is an assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy in the School of Arts & Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania.

This research was supported by the Army Research Office (Grant W911NF1910342), National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-1720530), and U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Grant DE-FG02-07ER46431).

The complete list of co-authors includes Bing Xu, Zhenyao Fang, Miguel-ngel Snchez-Martnez, Jorn W. F. Venderbos, Zhuoliang Ni, Tian Qiu, Kaustuv Manna, Kefeng Wang, Johnpierre Paglione, Christian Bernhard, Claudia Felser, Eugene J. Mele, Adolfo G. Grushin, Andrew M. Rappe, and Liang Wu.

Read more from the original source:

First-ever evidence of exotic particles in cobalt monosilicide | Penn Today - Penn Today

Dieting is notoriously difficult. Thanks in part to evolution, we love foods that are high in calories. Not only that, but once we have experienced the kind of high-calorie foods that surround us in the modern world, more nutritionally-balanced foods become much less attractive. But why?

To understand how the brain makes dieting so difficult, and high-calorie foods so tempting, the authors of a recent study turned to mice, where they could record and manipulate the activity of specific neurons involved in energy balance and reward. They asked how exposing mice to high-calorie foods affected their consumption of, and neural responses to, regular foods.

When researchers gave the mice access to both high-fat (HFD) and standard (SD) diets, mice completely stopped eating the SD almost immediately, and preferred the HFD. They then removed the HFD, and saw that mice still ate very little SD, and so lost substantial weight. This devaluation of regular food was so strong that even fasting mice presented with an SD ate very little they would only eat a lot if the HFD was available. Just experiencing the HFD for 24 hours was enough time to make the SD less tasty.

Suzanne Beaky

To see how HFD exposure affects the brains response to food, the scientists recorded the activity of AgRP neurons, a population of neurons that is active during hunger and controls energy balance, and midbrain dopamine neurons, which release dopamine as a signal of reward. Exposure to the HFD greatly reduced the response of both groups of neurons to the SD: afterward, these neurons would only respond strongly to the HFD. Regular food became less rewarding, and less satiating, than high-calorie food.

Under normal conditions, AgRP neurons would only respond to food when a mouse is hungry. But after HFD withdrawal (mimicking dieting), the AgRP neurons became so sensitive to HFD that they would respond even if the mouse was not hungry. This could explain why when we diet, high-calorie foods are so hard to resist these foods become rewarding even when we arent hungry.

This study suggests that exposure to a HFD alters the brains response to food so that only high-calorie foods are rewarding and satiating, while more nutritionally-balanced foods become less valuable. And, abstaining from high-fat foods might just make our brains' hunger centers responsive to these foods even when were not hungry, making it difficult to resist the urge to binge. Research on the circuits that regulate food intake will potentially lead to therapies that allow us to manipulate these biological urges and control the obesity epidemic.

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Worms and germs in ancient poop tell us about past human health - Massive Science

TheQuantum Computing market research report offers a comprehensive analysis of market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive landscape, regional and country-level market size, the impact of Covid-19 on Quantum Computing industry & revenue pocket opportunities, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, new developments, M&A, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

The meticulous data of the Quantum Computing market helps to know the current & future business situation. This report helps to take decisions for industry leaders include business professionals such as Chief Executive Officer (CEO), general managers, vice presidents, decision-makers and sales directors. The global Quantum Computing market showing promising growth opportunities over the forthcoming years.

The Quantum Computing market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of 21.26% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2026 and will expected to reach USD 381.6 Mn by 2026, from USD 81.6 Mn in 2018.

Browse Full Research report along with TOC, Tables & Figures:https://www.alltheresearch.com/report/150/Quantum Computing

Forproduct type segment, this report listed the main product type of Quantum Computing market

Forapplications segment, this report focuses on the status and outlook for key applications. End users are also listed.

This report covers the following regions:

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Key segments covered in the Quantum Computing market report:Major key companies, product type segment, end use/application segment and geography segment.

Company segment, the report includes global key players of Quantum Computing as well as some small players:

The information for each competitor includes:

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Quantum Computing Market Research including Growth Factors, Types and Application by regions by 2026 - Eurowire

Silicon Valley is one of the most expensive real estate in the nation, and the property taxes collected here are in tens of Billions of dollars per year. Santa Clara County is one of the wealthiest counties and has over $551 Billion of assessed property value, with about $6B collected in property taxes. 44% of these taxes go towards funding schools. Rest is consumed in the county, city, and other services, including paying for the bonds issued previously. Cupertino is one of the countys high priced cities, with about 60K residents, and is home to Apple Corporation. Despite these apparent riches, Cupertino schools are in financial trouble and are proposing to permanently close schools to meet a $5M annual shortfall in about $180M annual operating cost with about 16K students.

This is a travesty that needs serious attention, as this phenomenon will not just be limited to Cupertino it is likely going to happen to many other cities around the Bay Area. Funding for schools has often come up in state propositions, and every year we have a shortfall. Our property tax system and the governments forever bloating expenses are a chronic problem. About $4B of the $8B annual budget of Santa Clara County is in salary and benefits. $660M of property tax collected in the county goes to a redevelopment trust education is obviously less important than spending money on redevelopment!

About $1.5B of the county property taxes go to the county to perform its services (Justice, Health, Social programs, etc.). Cupertino contributes over $300M to the county. How about negotiating with the county to balance the priorities such that education for its residents kids becomes a top priority instead of multiple other programs? Unfortunately, our school boards have not been strong enough to renegotiate formulas such that both the county and the state funding are increased to match the costs in our expensive areas like Cupertino. Instead, they take the decision they can at the local level, which is to close schools and create overcrowding. It is really shameful!

Long term solution for funding our schools need to be where the locals can have a larger control of their future. Property taxes need to be 100% controlled by the cities, and county services should be negotiated and paid for if used by the citys residents. Much of the bloated county budget needs to be pared. It is feasible that we can even reduce the property tax bills with proper allocation and paring down of unnecessary and duplicating programs. Additionally, we need to have more school choices that will create competition within the school district to ensure the schools quality and accountability.

Today, our school system and colleges are not up to speed with next-generation technology. Some of the next century of innovation for the valley, we see in areas below:

Artificial Intelligence

Quantum Computing

Advanced Manufacturing

Robotics

Advanced Medicine

We need to sow the educational seeds of the next-generation technology needs in high school and at the community college level. We need to train our teachers and help invest more in training and upgrading school/college materials. We cannot permanently close schools and squeeze the quality of education because of a small $5M budget shortfall. County has a lot of money and must revise its allocation to the Cupertino school district, and the school board must negotiate hard with the county to future proof its allocation and expenditure formulas for schools, as education is the highest priority, not other county programs.

I strongly oppose the closure of any schools in my district, including Cupertino, Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, Milpitas, Fremont, Newark, and Alviso. Children are our future, and we need to invest more in children.

Please sign the petition, join our fight to SAVE schools from permanent closing: http://chng.it/nG7sTJXXgH

Regards,

Ritesh Tandon

Congressional Candidate District 17

http://www.tandonforcongress.com

This is a sponsored post. Paid for by Tandon for Congress.

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Property taxes and permanent school closures in Cupertino We need to SAVE our BAY AREA schools - The Milpitas Beat