Category Archives: Offshore

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions hit an all-time high in 2022, reaching 4.1 gigatons of CO2-equivalent. Carbon dioxide emissions are a major cause for concern in the fight against climate change, but CO2 is not the only GHG the industry must address.

Methane, for example, is a significant GHG across oil and gas production accounting for 57% of operational emissions in the natural gas sector. IEA data suggests there could also be substantial underreporting of methane emissions, which is particularly concerning given that methanes potency at trapping warmth in the atmosphere is approximately 28 times more than that of CO2.

Other gases are far more potent still. Nitrous oxide (NOx), for instance, has a 300 times stronger heat-trapping ability than CO2. While it only amounts to 6% of the worlds GHG emissions, its potential to make considerable contributions to climate change at lower levels of emission means that it is not to be ignored.

In 2022, oil and gas operations were responsible for 15% of global energy-related Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, while the use of oil and gas products by end users (Scope 3 emissions) contributed to a further 40%.

As this data from the IEA indicates, much of the oil and gas industrys GHG emissions originate from sold products. Indeed, according to analysis by GlobalData, Scope 3 emissions account for 75% of the average emissions of the worlds top 18 oil and gas companies, followed by 13% for Scope 2 and 12% for Scope 1.

While eliminating Scope 3 emissions entirely would require net-zero products, which is difficult to achieve, it is possible to reduce them through renewable fuels, offsets, and carbon capture technologies, for example. Nevertheless, the focus for most companies in the sector is currently on Scope 1 and 2.

Analysis by GlobalData shows that of the 28 major oil and gas companies around the world, most have set targets for Scope 1 and 2 emissions, with less than half announcing any ambitions to address Scope 3 levels. For the Scope 1 and 2 targets, most of the more ambitious companies are aiming to achieve reductions of between 40-50% by 2030.

Achieving these plans will require a wide range of strategies, from lower-emission fuels during operations to investing in new technologies such as carbon capture and storage solutions. Adapting operational and maintenance processes to improve energy efficiency will also play a pivotal role in achieving targets.

In 2020, refining activities accounted for the largest proportion of emissions within the US oil and gas value chain (41%). Refineries are therefore expected to be a key focus for energy efficiency improvements in the coming years. Within the refinery, fired heaters have the highest fuel consumption, translating to high emissions and operating prices. Of particular concern are catalytic reformers, steam methane reformers (SMR), and ethylene furnaces.

According to Integrated Global Services (IGS), addressing fired heater performance at refineries, petrochemical and chemical facilities can lead to emissions reductions of up to 25% for NOx and 15% for CO2. The table below shows the average fuel savings and emission reductions that can be achieved for a variety of fired heater types used across refineries and industrial sites.

IGS is a key partner to the worlds leading energy and industrial companies, helping plants around the world solve a range of engineering-related challenges that directly impact on the efficiency, sustainability, and reliability of their equipments performance. Plants partner with IGS to evaluate their fired heater and understand the opportunities for fuel savings, capacity increase, and emissions reduction. The evaluation estimates the results that can be achieved with the application of one or several innovative technologies: high-emissivity Cetek coatings, Tube Tech cleaning services, and Environmental SCR (selective catalytic reduction) solutions.

Cetek coating can be applied onto the refractory, process tubes, or both, depending on the type of heater and its design and operating parameters. This helps to solve the challenge of poor heat transfer by maximising radiant absorbed duty to improve efficiency. The Tube Tech robotic convection section cleaning system achieves a 90%+ clean area, removing fouling build-up to restore fired heater performance without the safety risks associated with manual/man entry cleaning. If the fired heater has an adjacent selective catalytic reduction (SCR), environmental screens and ammonia mixing systems can significantly improve its performance and catalyst life.

Improving furnace efficiency is an essential strategy in reducing the significant energy input required by refining operations. To access specific case studies and learn more about how IGS can help you reduce emissions by optimising your equipments efficiency, please download the whitepaper below.

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O&Gs emissions reduction roadmap and the importance of refinery efficiency - Offshore Technology

West Ham will be looking to boost their chances of a Europa League finish in the Premier League standings when they return to domestic action this weekend. Fulham will be the visitors, with the Cottagers looking to end their two-game losing run. Schedule & How To Watch When: Sunday, April 14, 2024. 9:00 AM ET []

West Ham will be looking to boost their chances of a Europa League finish in the Premier League standings when they return to domestic action this weekend. Fulham will be the visitors, with the Cottagers looking to end their two-game losing run.

Despite the pressure that David Moyes continues to find himself under, it has been an excellent season to this point for West Ham. The Hammers find themselves in the final eight of the Europa League, while they remain in the hunt for a top six finish in the Premier League standings. West Ham come into this round sitting seventh, but they are just one point behind Man United in the standings.

The Hammers bounced back to winning ways in their latest match in the competition, which ended a four-game wait for a success in the competition. However, they have still been challenging to beat throughout that period after losing on just one occasion in their last five league outings. However, a defeat this weekend could see them drop to eighth.

Fulhams form has been poor in recent weeks, and they travel to the London Stadium this weekend after going three without a victory in the Premier League. The Cottagers have also suffered defeats in each of their last two matches in the competition. To make matters worse, Fulham have recorded just one win over their last five.

Fulhams most recent defeat was suffered in front of their home fans against Newcastle last Saturday. That was a disappointing performance by Marco Silvas side, and it also marked the first time that they had suffered back-to-back league defeats since December.

Fulham have been one of the weakest teams on the road this season, and that would be a major concern ahead of this fixture at the London Stadium. For that reason, we will be taking a chance on the home win for the Hammers on Sunday.

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West Ham vs Fulham EPL Offshore Odds, Preview, and Prediction - The Latest Sports Betting News - OffshoreSportsbooks.com

We are obviously just a couple weeks into the 2024 MLB season, but the fact that the Kansas City Royals (7-4) have a better record out of the gate than the Houston Astros (4-8) is still kind of surprising. To be fair, Houston faced a higher quality of opponent in their first three series of []

We are obviously just a couple weeks into the 2024 MLB season, but the fact that the Kansas City Royals (7-4) have a better record out of the gate than the Houston Astros (4-8) is still kind of surprising. To be fair, Houston faced a higher quality of opponent in their first three series of the year, but K.C. proved that doesnt matter in their 4-3 victory over the Astros on Tuesday night at Kauffman Stadium.

Houston was able to salvage a 4-game split with division rival and defending World Series champion Texas with 3-1 and 10-5 victories over the weekend. That was somewhat calming after a disappointing 2-5 home stand to start the year but the Astros couldnt keep that momentum going when they dropped the opener in Kansas City on Tuesday night.

The Royals have momentum as theyve now run their win streak to five straight games. Four of those wins came against the 2-9 White Sox, but the stretch still has K.C. pointed in the right direction. Kansas City rallied from a 3-0 deficit on Tuesday against the Astros to win the game in the 10th inning so the positive mojo is for real.

The Astros will try to even up the series on Wednesday behind Spencer Arrighetti in his MLB debut. Houston may have ideally wanted to be patient with their top pitching prospect, but injuries to Framber Valdez, Justin Verlander, Jose Urquidy, and others have forced their hand. The right-hander Arrighetti had a 720 ERA in two Spring Training starts.

Kansas City counters with Seth Lugo (1-0, 0.71) who is trying to build on two great starts to begin 2024. Lugo threw 6.0 IP of 2-hit, shutout ball against the Twins in his first outing of the year and followed that up with 6.2 IP against the White Sox on Thursday while allowing just one run.

The Astros had Kansas City on the ropes on Tuesday but couldnt finish them off. Arrighetti is a top ranked prospect for Houston and could be great or could be fighting nerves in his MLB debut. Lugo has been solid to start to begin 2024 and is the known commodity here.

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April 10 Astros vs Royals MLB Offshore Betting Odds, Preview - The Latest Sports Betting News - OffshoreSportsbooks.com

Liverpool continue their quest for the league title this weekend when they come up against Crystal Palace at Anfield. Only a victory for the home team on Sunday will send the Reds back to the top of the standings before Arsenal take to the field. Schedule & How To Watch When: Sunday, April 14, 2024. []

Liverpool continue their quest for the league title this weekend when they come up against Crystal Palace at Anfield. Only a victory for the home team on Sunday will send the Reds back to the top of the standings before Arsenal take to the field.

All eyes will be on Anfield this Sunday, as Liverpool look to get their title challenge back on track after dropping points in their previous fixture in the competition. The Reds were fortunate to pick up a point against Man United in their previous outing, with Mohamed Salah rescuing the Reds from the penalty spot in the closing stages.

Those dropped points mean that the advantage in the race for the league title is now with Arsenal, as the Gunners moved to the summit following their victory last weekend. But, the Reds could move back to the top with a win on Sunday. Liverpools form remains exceptionally strong, as they have recorded three victories across their last five matches, while they have suffered a league-low of just two defeats so far this season.

Crystal Palace find themselves toward the opposite end of the standings at this stage of the season. The Eagles have failed to improve their form following the arrival of Oliver Glasner, and they have now suffered defeats in each of their last two, and three of their last five league outings in the Premier League.

Scoring goals has been a big issue for the Eagles throughout the season. They have netted just 36 goals so far this season, which is the third-fewest of the teams in the Premier League.

The odds showcase how dominant Liverpool should be in this fixture on Sunday. We find it incredibly hard to overlook the prospect of a home victory this weekend, and we could see Liverpool winning by at least two goals.

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Liverpool vs Crystal Palace EPL Offshore Odds, Preview, and Prediction - The Latest Sports Betting News - OffshoreSportsbooks.com

RS, a trading brand of RS Group, a global provider of product and service solutions for industrial customers, has pledged support to help Kinewell Energy deliver a schools-friendly version of its state-of-the-art AI-based software KLOC which automates the cable layout design of new offshore wind farms to inspire students in STEM based subjects and for careers in the AI, digital technologies, and net-zero transition sectors.

KLOC (Kinewell Layout Optimisation of Cable) is Kinewells flagship product that enhances engineering productivity and delivers lower cost offshore wind designs, by optimising the dot-to-dot cable layout, linking the turbines to the offshore substation in the most economical way. RS Local in Newcastle approached the firm with a view to supporting an offshore wind and education-related initiative, and the resulting combined vision is to develop a version of KLOC to inspire students at secondary and further education level in these growing and vital sectors.

Dr Andrew Jenkins, CEO of Kinewell Energy, said: Educating young people about renewable energy, giving them early insights and access to the offshore wind industry and the digital solutions that companies can provide, is vital to the future of the sector and deliver the net-zero transition. It is the responsibility of operators in this industry to support the education sector to inspire young people and build skills, particularly in areas where there are skills gaps and where future jobs are expected to be created. This initiative will help the North East deliver its strategic ambition of capturing the economic opportunity created through the growth of offshore wind, and the increasing shift towards digitalisation throughout the wider economy.

Thanks to the support of RS, which is funding the programme development, Kinewell will deliver the educational KLOC tool free at the point of use, enabling local, national and international impact. We are keen for it to go as far and wide as possible as a common resource for teachers to use, as well as offshore wind developers, cable manufacturers and other industry players to use in their education outreach to inspire the next generation, he added.

An independent report of the offshore wind champion cites a need to increase the UK skills pool threefold, from the current 27,000 to at least 100,000 employees by the end of the decade, to meet the UKs ambition of 50GW of offshore wind by 2030. This initiative will go some way towards helping to achieve that. The UK is just nine percent of the worldwide market and therefore the development of skills enabling the growth of local offshore wind focused businesses presents a significant export opportunity for the region.

Veronica Maxted, director of renewables at RS Group, said: Were delighted to be supporting the development of this highly innovative software for students with a five figure sum in funding.

The offshore wind sector is very important for the UK because of our exposed position in the Atlantic. The operation and maintenance sub-sector of the offshore wind industry is estimated to create 1.3 billion per annum by 2030, so our support of Kinewells software development to inspire young people in this industry is an investment for RS as we expand the development of solutions for our customers in this area. Its also part of a collaborative effort that all players in this arena must be involved in, to secure this key industry for generations to come, she added.

The software development is now underway and it is hoped it will inspire new interest in curriculum areas like maths, science and technology, where formulas such as Pythagorass hypotenuse theorem are often seen by students as irrelevant, but underpin the KLOC software. KLOC uses the hypotenuse of the triangle to work out the length of cables between turbines. It puts a GCSE curriculum element into a real-world practical application scenario.

Students will design their own cable layouts using the calculated cable lengths, competing with one another to create the lowest cost wind farm. In doing so they will learn about the foundations of advanced mathematical optimisation. Students will also be able to learn about logic and electricity, since there is a maximum number of turbines that can be connected to each cable before they would be overloaded with too much power and melt in a similar way to a household fuse. Its a far more interactive way of delivering significant elements of the maths and physics syllabus, and teachers will be able to motivate students through competition, with a leader board for the design of the lowest cost wind farm.

Dr Andrew Jenkins concluded: Offshorewindwill play a substantial and critical role in the generation of industrial scale clean energy. In the face of a severe skills gap for delivering the net-zero transition at the pace required, the need to spark interest in this sector at the right educational level is vital, if we are to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.

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RS helps propel offshore wind farm initiative in education sector - The Manufacturer

Man United travel to Bournemouth in the late game in the Premier League on Saturday. The Red Devils will desperately be looking for the points after going three league matches without a victory. Schedule & How To Watch When: Saturday, April 13, 2024. 12:30 PM ET Where: Vitality Stadium, Bournemouth, England How to Watch: NBC []

Man United travel to Bournemouth in the late game in the Premier League on Saturday. The Red Devils will desperately be looking for the points after going three league matches without a victory.

The pressure will be back on Man United this weekend, as the Red Devils look to get their Champions League challenge back on track. However, it already appears to be an uphill struggle to see United finish in the top five positions this term, as they currently sit eleven points adrift of Aston Villa. United also come into this round of matches after going three without a win in the league.

Bournemouth have been one of the most solid teams in the Premier League since the turn of the year. The Cherries have won three of their last four matches, with their only defeat in their previous six coming in their latest outing against Luton. Despite that defeat, Bournemouth could yet move into the top half of the standings with a victory this weekend.

Bournemouth produced one of the best performances of the season in the reverse clash between these sides in December, landing a famous 3-0 away win against United at Old Trafford. That success means that the Cherries are chasing a first ever league double over their rivals this weekend. However, United have recorded wins in four of their six Premier League visits to Bournemouth.

But, defensive issues have plagued United throughout this campaign. They have conceded at least once in each of their last eight matches on the road in the Premier League, conceding a total of 17. United have also allowed the second most shots in the Premier League this season.

Uniteds issues on the road throughout this season have been well documented, and they could be set for another chastening experience on their travels this weekend. Therefore, the preference is for the Cherries to land victory in front of their home fans.

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Bournemouth vs Man United EPL Offshore Odds, Preview, and Prediction - The Latest Sports Betting News - OffshoreSportsbooks.com

Tyra is Denmark's largest natural gas field. In 2019, gas production and deliveries were suspended to allow for the field's redevelopment, which had become necessary due to natural subsidence of the reservoir. Since production was restarted in 2024, Tyra II is one of the most advanced offshore gas facilities in the world. The technologies used at the site will optimize the energy efficiency of its operations and reduce its environmental footprint.

Discovered in 1968 by Maersk Oil and operated since 1984, the Tyra field is Denmark's largest natural gas deposit, located 225 km west of the town of Esbjerg. Until 2019, its facilities processed and exported over 90% of the natural gas produced in the Danish North Sea.

Due to the natural subsidence of the field after almost 40 years of continuous gas extraction, the seabed beneath the Tyra platforms had sunk by more than five meters. In 2017, the Danish Underground Consortium a partnership between TotalEnergies, BlueNord and Nordsfonden took the decision to rebuild and upgrade the facilities to ensure continuous and safe operations. Therefore, production was suspended between September 2019 and March 2024.

A large-scale technical and logistical effort was required to drive Tyra's transformation. The teams began by dismantling the obsolete installations. This stage was completed during the summer of 2020 and involved two of the world's largest construction and crane vessels. In total, some 50,000 metric tons of material were removed.

Between 2020 and 2022, eight new platforms were installed, including six wellhead and riser platforms, an accommodation platform and a processing platform. The last processing module, weighing 17,000 metric tons, was installed in October 2022, breaking a world record as heaviest crane lift at sea. After the platforms were powered up and reconnected to the existing North Sea energy infrastructure, Tyra II resumed production on March 21, 2024, with ramp-up to full technical capacity in the following months.

Recycling efforts are one of the project's defining features. As a result, 98.5% of the materials from Tyra's former facilities have been recycled or reused some even in the new design of Tyra II such as the wellheads or jackets.

Installation of two head platforms

Arrival of Tyra II's new processing module

View of Tyra II completed

View of Tyra II completed

The new Tyra leverages state-of-the-art digital solutions and technological innovations to produce more efficiently and with 30% lower greenhouse gas emissions than the former facilities.

With the ability to produce 5.7 million cubic meters of gas and 22,000 barrels of condensates per day at plateau from Tyras wells and five satellite fields (Tyra Southeast, Harald, Valdemar, Svend and Roar), Tyra is one of Europe's largest gas fields. It will enable Denmark to be self-sufficient in gas and become a net exporter, thus contributing to Europe's security of supply.

This image shows how Tyra II looks like since October 2022 when the last bridge was lifted into final position.

Tyra II is the connection point for Danish natural gas production, processing gas extracted from Tyra East and West, but also from the surrounding fields Svend, Roar, Harald, Valdemar and Tyra South East.

On the left of the picture: Tyra West, with two wellhead platforms and one riser platform.

On the right of the picture: the Tyra East complex, with the new process platform and the utility and living quarters, as well as two wellhead platforms and one riser platform.

Moreover, there are two existing main export pipelines: the final gas product is exported to Nybro in Denmark and to the Netherlands through the NOGAT pipeline.

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Tyra, a State-of-the-Art Offshore Gas Hub in the North Sea - Total

German grid operator 50Hertz is set to commence onshore construction for the Ostwind 3 grid connection, linking the 300MW Windanker offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea to the mainland in Germany.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranias Ministry of Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Tourism and Labour has issued the necessary permits for the land route and substation.

The approved onshore works include a 4km-long land route and a ten-hectare substation site in the municipality of Brunzow near Lubmin.

The sea route, 100km long within the territorial sea, and the construction of an offshore platform in the Exclusive Economic Zone have also received approval from the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency.

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The Ostwind 3 grid connection will facilitate the transmission of electricity from the wind farm planned by Iberdrola, located north of the island of Rgen.

50Hertz CEO Stefan Kapferer stated: The region around Lubmin will become an important hub for electricity from renewable sources in the following years. Such renewable energy sources are linked to regional value creation and opportunities for the sustainable economic development of this energy region by attracting companies.

Several hydrogen projects are already in the works, as a connection to the gas system infrastructure is available.

50Hertz has contracted HIS, a Dutch-Belgian joint venture, for the construction of the Jasmund offshore platform, which is underway at the Stormpolder shipyard near Rotterdam.

The completion of the Ostwind 3 grid connection is set for the third quarter (Q3) of 2026.

In Brnzow, the new substations construction is planned between the districts of Stilow and Klein Ernsthof.

Archaeological surveys will precede the construction, which is set to begin in the summer of 2024 and conclude by Q2 2026.

The submarine cable will be installed using horizontal directional drilling next to the port of Vierow. It will then be entrenched and routed underground to the Stilow substation.

The grid operator is responsible for the full planning, construction and operation of the offshore substation and the cable systems connecting the wind farm to the transmission grid.

In November 2023, 50Hertz obtained planning approval for the Hansa PowerBridge project.

This cross-border high-voltage direct current system will link the power grids of Germany and Sweden, supporting the development of the European internal energy market and Germanys energy transition, leveraging Swedens hydropower and storage capacities.

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50Hertz to start onshore works for Windanker offshore wind farm - Power Technology

One of the biggest betting races of the year will take place at Aintree this weekend, as the Grand National is held at the iconic Aintree Racecourse. A field of 34 runners will go to post for the worlds richest handicap steeplechase, but which runners name will be etched into the history books? Schedule & []

One of the biggest betting races of the year will take place at Aintree this weekend, as the Grand National is held at the iconic Aintree Racecourse. A field of 34 runners will go to post for the worlds richest handicap steeplechase, but which runners name will be etched into the history books?

The worlds most famous race takes place in Liverpool this week, as a field of 34 runners will tackle four miles in the 2024 Grand National. This race is watched by over 600 million people from around the world, with viewers expected to tune in from over 140 countries. Some of the biggest moments in horse racing history have occurred in the Grand National, with legends such as Red Rum, Tiger Roll, and Many Clouds among the famous names to have won the iconic handicap chase.

Corach Rambler will be looking to add his name to greats of the race by landing a second straight victory for Lucinda Russell. The Scottish-trained runner was excellent in the race last year, and warmed up for his history-chasing second effort after finishing third in the Cheltenham Gold Cup.

Vanillier was a very close second in the race last year, and he should go well carrying significantly less weight this time around. However, the records of returning placed horses is enough to turn away many bettors. I Am Maximus is one of a number of runners for legendary trainer Willie Mullins. After winning the Irish Grand National last year, he has held his own in Grade One company, before besting Vanillier to land the G3 Bobbyjo Chase at the end of February.

Nassalam brings high-quality form to the table this year after winning the Welsh National by a stunning margin, while Coko Beach has a third attempt in the race for trainer Gordon Elliott. Delta Work also represents the same connections, while Galvin could yet prove a player if the ground eases before Saturday.

Nassalam is a horse I am very keen on this week, as he has proven stamina assurances and form on heavy ground. Limerick Lace is a sound second choice, while Panda Boy could be primed for a strong bid for trainer Martin Brassil after running consistently over staying trips.

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Grand National Offshore Odds, Preview, and Prediction (2024) - The Latest Sports Betting News - OffshoreSportsbooks.com

UK-based maritime clean technology player Silverstream Technologies has equipped a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier with its air lubrication technology at Seatriums Admiralty Yard in Singapore.

The retrofit of a 174k cbm LNG carrier (LNGC), owned by an undisclosed oil major, which took 30 days to complete, is the 11th retrofit of Silverstreams air lubrication tech worldwide. The UK firm highlights that completing the installation within that timeline helped minimize the impacts on the vessels profitability.

The process was undertaken at the Seatrium shipyard, one of Silverstreams cooperation partners, which was formed after the merger of Sembcorp Marine and Keppel Offshore & Marine in 2023. The retrofitted vessel will now move into post-drydock sea trials for the companys air lubrication tech.

This successful retrofit at Seatrium of our technology onboard another LNG carrier is yet further proof of our deep experience in the LNG segment. The market conditions and operational factors unique to LNGCs make them perfectly suited to our air lubrication technology, and we will continue to work with energy majors and our yard partners to ensure smooth installations onboard any vessel that chooses us as an efficiency-boosting option, said Noah Silberschmidt, Silverstream Technologies Founder & CEO.

The technology Silverstream uses shears air from air release units (ARUs) in the hull to create a uniform carpet of microbubbles that coats the full flat bottom of a vessel, thus reducing the frictional resistance between the hull and the water. This is said to cut average net fuel consumption and GHG emissions by 510% and deliver 69% net savings for gas carriers, resulting in increased delivered volumes for LNG carriers. As of April 2024, 196 vessels, 69 of which are already in operation, have lined up to get fitted with the Silverstream System.

With regulatory measures implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), such as the energy efficiency existing ships index (EEXI) and the carbon intensity index (CII), in place, clean technology retrofits onboard LNGCs could become increasingly relevant for the segment. As the demand for LNG shipping capacity rises, fleet renewal opportunities are getting more restricted and their time in drydock is being minimized, according to Silverstream. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of the existing LNG fleet seems like a viable solution to achieve decarbonization targets.

Alvin Gan, Executive Vice President, Repairs and Upgrades, Seatrium Limited, commented: As the premier yard in LNGC repairs, upgrades and conversions, Seatrium is committed to working with our customers and partners to provide turnkey, one-stop solutions in energy efficiency retrofits for LNG carriers. Our collaboration with Silverstream Technologies is successfully delivering another retrofit of their air lubrication technology and further solidifies our position in the industry.

In the hope of reducing emissions on its ships by an average of 57%, Norways Klaveness Combination Carriers (KCC) recently decided to equip four additional vessels with Silverstreams technology, on top of the two that were previously retrofitted. In October 2023, the UK firm signed a collaboration agreement with Germanys MAN Energy Solutions to support the decarbonization of the global shipping industry.

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Another LNG carrier gets Silverstream's air lubrication tech at Seatrium - Offshore Energy