Category Archives: Neurotechnology

The report on Global facial Recognition Market offers far reaching assessment of the basic territories that contribute a gigantic part to the business share comparatively as gives appraisal of the most recent models and market drivers that are anticipating a colossal part in the improvement of the market in those districts. Further, the file contains data assembled from a couple of industry experts like the huge CEOs, business progression bosses, bargains head of striking associations who can offer expert encounters on the association happenings and moreover offer data about the new things happening in the business space.

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The new record on the global facial Recognition market offers a couple of basic models and perspectives that essentially influence the business share. It gives granular experiences concerning the past and current industry events that are happening in the business space. Furthermore, the record contains clear blueprint of the asserted data as pie graphs, follows, line diagrams and various overhauls what disengages the brutal data into sensibly clear hopes to give rapid design of the nuances to the customer without eating up a lot of their time. Similarly, it contains assessment of the market subject two or three sub markets dependent on the real reach, products, applications and different points of view that fuel the business progression.

facial Recognition Market: Premier Players and their Examination

NEC Corporation, Aware, Inc., Ayonix Corporation, Cognitec Systems GmbH, Gemalto NV, Animetrics, Daon, Id3 Technologies, Idemia, Innovatrics, Megvii, Neurotechnology, NVISO SA, StereoVision Imaging, Inc., Techno Brain Group, etc.

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It ensures ways for the money related assistance to get choices and cause ways to deal with figure out how to recuperate benefits after basic conditions. Significant nations that contribute a tremendous industry share in the global facial Recognition market are Thailand, Sweden, Korea, Netherlands, Switzerland, Egypt, Turkey, France, Mexico, Italy, United States, Belgium, Canada, UAE, China, Poland, Taiwan, Indonesia, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, South Africa, Philippines, Columbia, India, Nigeria, South Australia, UK, Malaysia, Spain, Chile, and Rest of the World.

Type Analysis of the facial Recognition Market:

by Technology (2D facial recognition, 3D facial recognition, facial analytics recognition), Application, End User (BFSI, media & entertainment, telecom & IT, Government & Defense, Healthcare, Retail & E-commerce)

Application Analysis of the facial Recognition Market:

By Application, End User (BFSI, media & entertainment, telecom & IT, Government & Defense, Healthcare, Retail & E-commerce)

Furthermore, the chronicle offers phenomenal experiences concerning the production plans, production volumes, usage volumes, rising revenue for the product, extending market advancement rate similarly as industry share help by each geography. In like manner, the record gives hard and fast encounters about the improvement drivers, models, and key advancement prospects that essentially influence the progress of global facial Recognition market all through the evaluation time-frame.

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Objectives of the Study

1.To highlight the global demand of raw materials, commercial requirements, and emerging economies striving growth in the facial Recognition market.2.To brief the current trends and prospects in the facial Recognition industry.3.To brief technology drivers with its ease of use, accuracy, maintenance cost, and reliability.4.To provide information on popular segments in the facial Recognition market, the products and services, regulations for production processes, efficient production available in the market, its global competitors, and flexibility of the products and services to keep pace with the changing business environment.5.To detail the practical factors such as safety, reliability, and investments required in a particular segment, returns on initial investments, and performance of the goods and services in the global markets.6.To outline the reasons for slow growth of the goods and services in the global facial Recognition market.7.To better understand the change in facial Recognition market dynamics.8.To enable the business managers understand the technical and business priorities to increase the productivity and investor value.9.Examine the business and technical issues, and challenges which can draw a number of solutions.

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Facial Recognition Market: Where it's at and Where it's headed by NEC Corporation, Aware, Inc., Ayonix Corporation, Cognitec Systems GmbH Energy...

PALO ALTO, Calif. & ANN ARBOR, Mich.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Inscopix, Inc., a brain mapping platform company helping decode the brain for tomorrows treatments, and NeuroNexus, Inc., a neurotechnology company pioneering high-capacity implantable neural interfaces, today announced a collaboration to develop the worlds first integrated electrophysiology and imaging system. This will enable deeper insights into brain function and advance the development of novel therapeutics and medical devices towards addressing neurodegenerative, psychiatric and brain trauma disorders.

This revolutionary integration will leverage Inscopixs imaging expertise, powerful miniaturized microscope-based brain mapping platform and ability to develop multimodal solutions. NeuroNexus brings industry-leading knowledge and expertise in miniaturized systems for electrophysiological recording and stimulation. By integrating the two best-in-class neurotechnology platforms, neural circuit readouts can be correlated with clinically relevant electrophysiology biomarkers, thus enabling novel insights to accelerate drug development.

The companies plan to offer an early access program in the future, when scientists and clinical researchers will, for the first time, be able to correlate neural circuit dynamics with brain network state.

Integration of these platforms will enable completely new insights in how the brain functions in normal state and diseased state, and aid in the discovery and development of novel pharmaceutical drug strategies to combat brain disorders, said Kunal Ghosh, Ph.D., CEO at Inscopix.

This innovative, multi-modal system will provide a powerful window into brain function over remarkable spatial and temporal scales that will accelerate neuroscience research and development of new clinical neurotechnologies, added Daryl Kipke, Ph.D., CEO of NeuroNexus.

About Inscopix, Inc.

Inscopix is a brain mapping platform company focused on decoding the mind to better understand and address all neurological disorders. We are solving perhaps the greatest unmet need in humanity understanding how the brain works and leveraging that knowledge to develop effective neurological treatments. With almost 200 peer-reviewed publications validating our innovative brain circuitry mapping technology, Inscopix is empowering the neuroscience research community to advance science while bringing a new generation of transformational therapeutics to patients with difficult-to-treat brain disorders. Learn more at inscopix.com and follow us @inscopix.

About NeuroNexus, Inc.

NeuroNexus is a pioneering neurotechnology company providing life science researchers with confidence in their data from the neural interface to the user interface and beyond. Our team of neuroscientists and neuroengineers have a collective 300+ years of electrophysiology lab experience and constantly innovate to take neuroscience to the next level. For more information, please visit solutions.neuronexus.com/inscopix.

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Inscopix and NeuroNexus to Collaborate on Integrated Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging Device - Business Wire

Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors that are commonly diagnosed through a risky and invasive surgical biopsy. A team of researchers led by Hong Chen at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a noninvasive diagnostic method that may one day replace the tissue biopsy with a simple blood test.

Chen, associate professor of biomedical engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering and of radiation oncology in the School of Medicine; Eric Leuthardt, MD, professor of neurosurgery at the School of Medicine and of biomedical engineering at McKelvey Engineering; and the team tested the method in both small and large animal models and found significantly improved detection and diagnostic sensitivity for brain tumors via a simple blood sample. Results of the study are published online in the journalTheranostics,Nov. 10.

The method, known as sonobiopsy,uses focused ultrasound to target tumors deep in the brain. Once located, the researchers inject microbubbles into the blood that travel to the ultrasound-targeted tissue and pulsate, which safely opens the blood-brain barrier. The temporary openings allow biomarkers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, from the tumor to pass through the blood-brain barrier and release into the blood.

Chen, Leuthardt and the team have been working on their focused ultrasound-enabled liquid biopsy (sonobiopsy) method for several years, first conducting a feasibility study in mice, followed by a safety evaluation study, and most recently, another study in pigs. While blood-based liquid biopsy has been used in human patients with other cancers for personalized medicine, progress in extending the method to human brain cancer has been limited.

In the new research, the team, including Christopher Pacia, first author and a biomedical engineering doctoral student in the Chen ultrasound lab, found that the sonobiopsy method boosted detection of genes highly expressed in the mouse model of glioblastoma, EGFRvIII. The DNA levels of EGFRvIII circulating in the bloodstream of the group that underwent sonobiopsy was 920 times greater than the group that underwent conventional blood-based liquid biopsy. Further, detection of another circulating tumor genetic marker, TERT C228T ctDNA, was 10-fold higher after sonobiopsy. In addition, the method improved diagnostic sensitivity from 7.14% to 64.71% for EGFRvIII and from 14.29% to 45.83% for TERT C228T. The team found no increase in tissue damage in the tumor region of interest after the sonobiopsy.

In the pig model, sonobiopsy boosted detection of EGFRvIII ctDNA by 270-fold and increased levels of TERT ctDNA nine-fold. It improved diagnostic sensitivity from 28.57% to 100% for EGFRvIII and from 42.86% to 71.43% for TERT C228T. No significant tissue damage was found.

Our study showed that sonobiopsy enriched tumor-specific ctDNA in the plasma and improved the detection sensitivity for two glioblastoma phenotypes without posing significant safety risks, Chen said. The integration of sonobiopsy with advanced blood analysis assays has the promise to provide minimally invasive, spatiotemporal-controlled and sensitive diagnosis of brain cancer.

This work is a collaborative effort involving members from both engineering and medical schools, including Leuthardt, chief of the Division of Neurotechnology and of theCenter for Innovation in Neuroscience and Technology and professor of neurosurgery and of neuroscience at the School of Medicine, as well as of biomedical engineering and of mechanical engineering and applied science at the McKelvey School of Engineering.

Besides neuroimaging and surgically-acquired tissue for pathology and molecular profiling, sonobiopsy has the potential to become the third pillar for brain tumor management by substantially advancing brain cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and recurrence detection, Leuthardt said.

This enhanced capability could have an important impact throughout the continuum of patient care.

Funding for this research was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01EB027223, R01EB030102, and R01MH116981). C.P.P was supported by the NIH T32NS115672.

The McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis promotes independent inquiry and education with an emphasis on scientific excellence, innovation and collaboration without boundaries. McKelvey Engineering has top-ranked research and graduate programs across departments, particularly in biomedical engineering, environmental engineering and computing, and has one of the most selective undergraduate programs in the country. With 140 full-time faculty, 1,387 undergraduate students, 1,448 graduate students and 21,000 living alumni, we are working to solve some of societys greatest challenges; to prepare students to become leaders and innovate throughout their careers; and to be a catalyst of economic development for the St. Louis region and beyond.

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Noninvasive brain biopsy shows improved sensitivity in tumor detection - The Source - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

Editors Note: Morning Tech is a free version of POLITICO Pro Technology's morning newsletter, which is delivered to our subscribers each morning at 6 a.m. The POLITICO Pro platform combines the news you need with tools you can use to take action on the days biggest stories. Act on the news with POLITICO Pro.

Mad dash: As senators head back to Washington for a year-end sprint, their to-do list includes key FCC nominations and more funding for broadband and antitrust efforts.

Theyre running: Prominent anti-monopoly advocates are running for various levels of elected office as progressive antitrust policies thrive under the Biden administration.

App store diplomacy: South Korea was the first country to pass a bill promoting competition in app stores. Now it wants other countries to do the same.

ITS MONDAY, NOV. 15. WELCOME BACK TO MORNING TECH! Im your host, Benjamin Din. Is there a 2022 race that youre watching closely? Let me know.

Got a news tip? Email [emailprotected] and find me on Twitter @benjamindin. Got an event for our calendar? Send details to [emailprotected]. Anything else? Team info below. And dont forget: Add @MorningTech and @PoliticoPro on Twitter.

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SENATE KICKS INTO HIGH GEAR The Senate is back in session today with roughly three weeks left on the legislative calendar this year. Meanwhile, lawmakers still have a slate of tech and telecom bills and nominations to get through.

Heres where we stand right now on the timing:

All eyes are on the Democrats social spending package, which includes money for broadband and antitrust enforcement, and give the FTC a long-sought fining authority. White House National Economic Council Director Brian Deese projected confidence Sunday on ABCs This Week that the House would pass the package this week. Even if that happens, it will still need Senate approval, which will likely be pushed to December. (Congress is out again next week for Thanksgiving recess.)

In the meantime, the Senate is likely to consider the National Defense Authorization Act, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer told his colleagues in a Sunday letter. (MT ran down on Friday the dozens of tech-related amendments that have been introduced to the must-pass defense bill.)

One noteworthy mention: Schumer said the Senate-passed bill to boost American competitiveness against China could be added to the NDAA. There seems to be fairly broad support for doing so from both parties, he said. Schumer is a main sponsor of the bill, which would boost domestic semiconductor manufacturing.

This weeks big hearing: The Senate Commerce Committee is holding a confirmation hearing Wednesday for FCC Chair Jessica Rosenworcel and FTC nominee Alvaro Bedoya. Their nominations are key to securing Democratic majorities on the commissions, which would enable the agencies to pursue progressive priorities like net neutrality and tougher antitrust enforcement. (Both the FCC and FTC are holding monthly meetings on Thursday.) The committee is also scheduled to vote on Laurie Locascios nomination to be director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Still TBA: The committee ended up splitting consideration of Rosenworcels nomination for another term as commissioner from that of Gigi Sohn, Bidens other FCC pick. It also needs to consider Alan Davidsons nomination to lead the National Telecommunications and Information Administration.

BIDENS BIF MOMENT President Joe Biden today will sign the bipartisan infrastructure bill that Congress passed before leaving for last weeks recess a major win for his domestic policy agenda that will provide a $65 billion boost to expand broadband access. The FCC and NTIA nominees, once confirmed, would play crucial roles in implementing the broadband investments.

ANTI-MONOPOLY CHAMPIONS ON THE BALLOT Bidens picks for top antitrust positions in Washington have buoyed progressive antitrust advocates eager to take on the giant tech companies. Now, some of them are running for elected office at the state and federal levels.

Welcome to the party: Zephyr Teachout, who has been exploring a run for New York attorney general, is expected to make an official announcement today about her candidacy, per The New York Times. She would replace Tish James, who is running for governor after her investigation into sexual harassment claims against then-Gov. Andrew Cuomo forced him to resign. (James, a prominent tech critic, has urged Congress to pass antitrust legislation.)

Teachout, an associate law professor at Fordham University who advocates for tougher antitrust enforcement, is not new to New York politics. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2014, for the House in 2016 and state attorney general in 2018. She won 33 percent of the vote in the Democratic gubernatorial primary, where her running mate was now-White House competition adviser Tim Wu.

Teachout joins progressive attorney Morgan Harper, who is running for a Senate seat in Ohio. Harper was director of policy and advocacy at the American Economic Liberties Project, an anti-monopoly group, and testified before the House Judiciary Committee in February following its report on competition in digital markets. In June, the duo shared a byline on an op-ed piece in The Nation, titled Appointing Lina Khan May Be the Best Thing Joe Biden Has Done, in reference to the FTC chair.

Backed by progressive activist groups, Harper challenged Rep. Joyce Beatty (D-Ohio) last year for her solidly blue district that encompasses much of Columbus, but she lost the primary with less than a third of the vote. This time, shes running for the open seat vacated by outgoing Republican Sen. Rob Portman, who has been vocal on emerging tech policy issues like artificial intelligence and deepfakes.

But Harper is not the only candidate who wants to take on Big Tech. Shes running for the same seat as Republican J.D. Vance, the venture capitalist backed by tech billionaire, PayPal co-founder and Meta board member Peter Thiel. Vance has called for the breakup of big tech companies, but his credentials and financial supporters could complicate that messaging.

Tough odds: Harper will face Rep. Tim Ryan (D-Ohio) in the Democratic primary, where Ryan is viewed as an early favorite and has been endorsed by Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio). Party leaders have coalesced around his candidacy, and Ryan has declined repeated debate requests from Harper.

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HAPPENING IN SEOUL Top critics of Google and Apples app stores are gathering in South Korea today as lawmakers there convene a so-called Global Conference for Mobile Application Ecosystem Fairness. The gathering comes amid a global push from lawmakers who say the companies wield too much control over their app stores.

Why South Korea? In August, the countrys parliament passed an amendment that blocked app store operators from forcing local developers to use their in-app payment systems dealing a blow to their lucrative commissions. The event will be hosted by South Korean lawmaker Jo Seoung-lae; the Coalition for App Fairness, which counts Epic Games, Match Group and Spotify as members; and K-Internet, a trade group that represents Korean internet companies.

Jo said in a statement that he hopes the event will help build a robust global coalition and prompt the U.S. and EU member states to follow suit.

Among the attendees: Epic CEO Tim Sweeney will participate in the event, just days after a judge ruled against Apples motion to delay a decision that required the iPhone maker to allow developers to include in-app links to alternative payment options. Sweeneys company has waged an antitrust war against Apple and Google, saying requirements to use their in-app payment systems are monopolistic. (Both companies deny the allegations. The judge in the Apple trial found that the company did not violate antitrust laws, a decision that is under appeal.)

Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.) will also participate. Blackburn, along with Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), introduced the Open App Markets Act, S. 2710 (117), in August, which would require alternative payment methods and app stores to be made available on smartphones. It would also bar companies from unreasonably preferencing their own apps in search rankings. (That bill has since picked up four co-sponsors.)

It wont be easy, Blackburn will say in her speech today about promoting app store competition. But the good news is that this issue is uniting policymakers and advocates across political lines.

Other attendees include Coalition for App Fairness Executive Director Meghan DiMuzio; Frances digital minister, Cdric O; and Mark Buse, Match Groups head of global government relations and policy.

Marianela Lpez-Galdos is joining Meta, where she will work on competition policy issues. She was most recently global competition counsel at the Computer and Communications Industry Association. Ellen Satterwhite is now head of U.S. policy at Patreon. She was previously VP at Glen Echo Group. Josh Blumenfeld is joining Google as manager of government affairs and public policy for YouTube. He previously was managing director of global policy and advocacy and chief legal officer at Malaria No More.

Robert Califf has been nominated to lead the Food and Drug Administration. He is a senior adviser to Alphabet-owned Verily Life Sciences and Google Health.

First in MT: The General Services Administrations Technology Transformation Services has announced 14 projects for citizen-facing digital services that will receive funding from the $150 million provided in Bidens Covid relief package. Among the projects: investing in cloud adoption and reuse; creating a consistent search experience; streamlining identity verification; creating inclusive design patterns; reimaging USAGov as the front door to government; bridging the gap to Wi-Fi access; and building a talent pipeline for government technologists. See the full list

Challenges ahead: How will Facebook keep its metaverse safe for users? More from FT.

Virtual woes: In Facebooks VR Headset, Racism and Other Abuses Showed Up Like Clockwork, via The Information.

Making changes: The Aspen Institutes Commission on Information Disorder released its final report on recommendations to combat misinformation and disinformation, such as increased content moderation transparency to Section 230 adjustments.

Thinking ahead: Advancements in neurotechnology have the potential for immense benefits. But what can be done to make sure the tech is used responsibly? IBM and the Future of Privacy Forum explore the issue.

Tips, comments, suggestions? Send them along via email to our team: Bob King ([emailprotected]), Heidi Vogt ([emailprotected]), John Hendel ([emailprotected]), Alexandra S. Levine ([emailprotected]), Leah Nylen ([emailprotected]), Emily Birnbaum ([emailprotected]), and Benjamin Din ([emailprotected]). Got an event for our calendar? Send details to [emailprotected]. And don't forget: Add @MorningTech and @PoliticoPro on Twitter.

SEE YOU TOMORROW!

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Senate heads into tech and telecom sprint - Politico

UT Dallas researchers Dr. Qi Cai (left) and Xiaoqing Li helped create a technique that allows medication to get past the blood-brain barrier. The approach may lead to treatments for brain tumors and Lou Gehrigs disease; aid in stroke recovery; and deliver gene therapy.

A University of Texas at Dallas-led team of researchers has developed a new technique to open the blood-brain barrier temporarily to deliver medication to the brain.

Getting medication past the brains unique and protective blood vessels, known as the blood-brain barrier, is one of the biggest challenges in treating brain and central nervous system diseases, said Dr. Zhenpeng Qin, associate professor of mechanical engineering at UT Dallas and co-corresponding author of the study that describes the method. The technique uses light and nanoparticles to pry open temporarily these barriers called tight junctions to allow medication to reach its target.

Qin and his colleagues in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science and at other institutions demonstrated the approach in mice in a study published online Sept. 13 in the journal Nano Letters.

Researchers synthesized gold nanoparticles to target the tight junction specifically and demonstrated that transcranial picosecond laser stimulation of the nanoparticles post-intravenous injection increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. (Illustration credit: Nano Letters)

The findings are the result of five years of research funded in part by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT). Qin said the approach could lead to treatments for brain tumors and Lou Gehrigs disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; aid in stroke recovery; and deliver gene therapy. Qin said further development and testing is needed before it could be used in humans.

Approaches to increase blood-brain barrier [BBB] permeability are essential to advance therapeutics for central nervous system diseases, said Xiaoqing Li, the papers co-lead author and a biomedical engineering doctoral student at UT Dallas.

The technique involves injecting gold nanoparticles, which absorb light, into the bloodstream to target the blood-brain barrier. Researchers apply picosecond (one-trillionth of a second) laser pulses externally to activate the gold nanoparticles.

The action produces a tiny mechanical force that temporarily breaks the barrier open so a drug can enter the blood flow into the brain, Li said.

The study demonstrated that the technique did not damage the blood-brain barrier or the constriction and dilation of blood vessels, called vasomotion.

We demonstrated that the BBB permeability can be modulated without significant disruption to the spontaneous vasomotion or the structure of the neurovascular unit, said Dr. Qi Cai, mechanical engineering research associate and co-lead author of the paper.

In their experiments, the researchers tested the method with cargos of antibodies, liposomes and adeno-associated viral vectors, which can be used to carry gene-editing components.

In August, Qin received a fourth CPRIT grant to study whether the method can be used to treat glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. He and his team aim to design and produce magnetic nanoparticles that can be stimulated to disrupt the blood-brain barrier using magnetic fields.

Support from CPRIT has been instrumental in our work, said Qin, who received grants from the state agency the second-largest cancer research and prevention program in the world in 2016, 2018 and 2019. When we started, we had an idea, basically to use nanoparticles to target specific components of the blood-brain barrier with minimal injury.

The Nano Letters study involved a global interdisciplinary team of researchers including Dr. Heather Hayenga and Dr. Shashank Sirsi, both assistant professors of bioengineering at UT Dallas. Additional UT Dallas co-authors included Dr. Hejian Xiong, research scientist in mechanical engineering; Peiyuan Kang PhD20, now a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School; and Dr. Xiuying Li, now a scientist at Nexus Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Other collaborators included researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center: co-corresponding author Dr. Robert Bachoo, associate professor of neurology and internal medicine; Dr. Vamsidhara Vemireddy, co-lead author; and Dr. Edward Pan, associate professor of neurology and neurological surgery and section head of neuro-oncology.

The collaboration also included researchers from the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, the Smurfit Institute of Genetics at Trinity College Dublin, and the University of California, San Diego.

In addition to CPRIT, funding for the research came from the American Heart Association, the National Institutes of Health, the European Research Council and Fondazione Cariplo.

Dr. Zhenpeng Qin

Dr. Zhenpeng Qin, associate professor of mechanical engineering at The University of Texas at Dallas, has received a $1 million National Science Foundation award to develop nanotechnology to help scientists study how chemical messengers called neuropeptides affect brain activity.

The four-year project is part of a $3 million interdisciplinary project with collaborators at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Massachusetts General Hospital, a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School.

Qin, lead principal investigator on the project, is developing a new technique to make it possible for scientists to control the release of neuropeptides in the brain in order to track the molecules, study their action on brain circuits and examine how they affect behavior.

Ultimately, we want to use the information to better diagnose and treat brain diseases, Qin said. Before we can get there, we need to develop tools to modulate how neuropeptides work in the brain.

Neuropeptides are a type of neurotransmitter that play a role in regulating cognition and how the central nervous system responds to sensory messages. The way in which they work in the brain, however, is not well understood because of a lack of tools to study them.

While some types of neurotransmitters send messages directly to other cells, neuropeptides broadcast information widely, Qin said.

The way neuropeptides transmit messages is more like a Wi-Fi signal, Qin said. That makes it challenging to study how the molecules affect brain activity.

Dr. Steven Nielsen

The new project builds on Qins previous work to deliver medication to targeted areas in the brain using microscopic, molecule-carrying capsules called nanovesicles coated with gold, which makes them sensitive to light.

While that project used lasers to cause the nanovesicles to open and release their cargo, the new project will use light pulses to activate a photoswitch in the nanovesicles to release neuropeptides.

The Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science researcher is working with co-principal investigator Dr. Steven Nielsen, associate professor of chemistry in the School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, who will develop computer models to help study the process.

Well be asking questions, such as How does the nanovesicle change its structure to let its cargo out? and What are the implications of changing the nanovesicles shape? Nielsen said.

Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai will develop cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent-engineered reporters (CNiFERS) to help researchers image changes in brain neuropeptide levels. Combined with nanovesicles, researchers at Mount Sinai will study the impact of neuropeptide signaling on brain function.

Ultimately, we want to use the information to better diagnose and treat brain diseases. Before we can get there, we need to develop tools to modulate how neuropeptides work in the brain.

Dr. Zhenpeng Qin, associate professor of mechanical engineering in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science

The exciting thing about this project is that we will be developing the tools that help scientists study how these neuropeptides influence the activity of brain circuits in real time, said Dr. Paul Slesinger, director of the Center for Neurotechnology and Behavior at Mount Sinai and principal investigator of the project at Mount Sinai.

Dr. Xin Yu, director of the Small Animal MRI Scanning Facility and assistant professor of radiology at Harvard Medical School, will implement a novel multimodal functional MRI platform with fiber photometry, an imaging method that uses signals from fluorescent indicators to monitor neuropeptides impact on brainwide activation patterns.

Our multimodal fMRI platform provides an ideal experimental setup to investigate the impact of neuropeptides on cross-scale brain function from the cellular, neural circuit and systems levels, Yu said.

Continued here:

Team Engineers New Way To Get Medication Past Blood-Brain Barrier - University of Texas at Dallas

Human Augmentation

Do Sci-Fi movies and Marvel characters with superhuman capabilities ever make you wonder if you too can someday become a superhuman? Well the time has come as technologies are fast invading our lives and will soon equip humans with such super powers.

Humans persistently struggle to push beyond their limits, improve their looks, health, quality of life, and performance. They always strive to modify their birth traits. For example, body tattooing, which is 12,000 years old, plastic surgery which dates back to 100 years, are increasingly being performed by humans on their bodies.

Human Augmentation is restoration and enhancement of physical and mental capability of a human by modifying the body using technologies such as genetic engineering, neurotechnology and nanomedicine. It will now be easier for aging people to live an active and fuller life. People who are physically and mentally challenged will now be able to lead normal lives. All this will be possible with the use of invasive and non invasive devices which will enhance the capabilities of humans.

Prosthetics, Augmented Reality glasses,hearing implants, limb devices, wearable devices like smart watches, RFID tags embedded in human bodies are common examples of Human Augmentation. Some real life technologies which replicate, supplement or exceed human capabilities are given below :

Neurological human enhancement offer improved performances in cognitive domains. Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and Tesla has brought out Neuralink technology which will implant electrodes in the human brain converting them into computers. The day is not far when a human will be able to control their body parts with their minds.

Wearable biological frames or Exoskeletons are powered with electric motors which allow humans to achieve unimaginable physical feats. With the use of these exoskeletons it is possible for a human to run all day long without getting tired. They also provide extra strength to injured persons thereby enhancing their physical capabilities.

Modern day running shoes featuring carbon plates and springy soles now enable runners to run with 5 percent faster speed!

Cochlear implants help individuals who are hard of hearing to receive and process sound waves by sending them to a receiver embedded behind the ear which stimulates the auditory nerve and sends signals to the brain thus enabling them to hear.

Wearable devices fitted with visible and IR cameras enable visually impaired humans to display images near the eye.

Virtual Reality full body haptic suits are available these days which provide human-digital interface. The suit provides haptic feedback and can control the temperature of the human. It is used to improve the skills of humans.

Future healthcare will offer 3D Bio printing of organic tissues which will produce vital organs of the human body.

So with the advent of Artificial Intelligence technologies, neuro technologies and genetic engineering, humans will now have preferential eye colour, height, intelligence etc. They are on the path of becoming more capable in the future both physically and cognitively. Human Augmentation also called Human Version 2.0 is not far.

Be ready for a newer version of you!

Views expressed above are the author's own.

END OF ARTICLE

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Which version of human are you? - The Times of India Blog

AUSTIN, TX Tesla's California leadership team had no idea that Elon Musk had plans to move Tesla's headquarters to Texas until it was announced at the annual shareholder meeting last month, according to a report by Bloomberg.

On Oct. 7, Musk announced Tesla would move its headquarters from Palo Alto to Austin, citing house prices in the Bay Area, limits to scaling up business and length commutes as the reason to leave the Golden State.

RELATED: Tesla Will Move Its Headquarters To Austin

Dee Dee Myers, the director of California Gov. Gavin Newsom's office of business and economic development, said in a press call that Musk never told his team of the move.

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"We later talked to the leadership in his offices in California, who did not know until he made that announcement,"she said, according to Business Insider.

Musk moved to Texas last year and Tesla began building its Austin Gigafactory last summer.

Musk's aerospace company SpaceX, his neurotechnology company Neuralink, and his infrastructure company The Boring Company all have operations in Texas, too, and Musk has said he plans to form a new city called Starbase at SpaceX's Texas launch facilities, Business Insider reports.

Musk said at the shareholder meeting that the company would continue to expand its activities in California, adding that Tesla aimed to ramp up production at its Fremont factory in the Bay Area by 50 percent.

Originally posted here:

Elon Musk Never Told His Tesla Team He Was Planning TX HQ Move - Downtown Austin, TX Patch

Market Will Boom In Near Future

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Facial Recognition System Market Potential Demand Raises the Business Opportunities and Growth for Top Players The Ballgamer - The Ballgamer

What are thoughts made of?

Theyre really just electro-chemical reactionsbut the number and complexity of these reactions make them hard to fully understand

The human brain is composed of about 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) interconnected by trillions of connections, called synapses. On average, each connection transmits about one signal per second. Some specialized connections send up to 1,000 signals per second. Somehow thats producing thought, says Charles Jennings, director of neurotechnology at the MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research.

Given the physical complexity of whats happening inside your head, its not easy to trace a thought from beginning to end. Thats a little like asking where the forest begins. Is it with the first leaf, or the tip of the first root? says Jennings. Simpler, then to start by considering perceptionsthoughts that are directly triggered by external stimulia feather brushes your skin, you see these words on the computer screen, you hear a phone ring. Each of these events triggers a series of signals in the brain.

When you read these words, for example, the photons associated with the patterns of the letters hit your retina, and their energy triggers an electrical signal in the light-detecting cells there. That electrical signal propagates like a wave along the long threads called axons that are part of the connections between neurons. When the signal reaches the end of an axon, it causes the release of chemical neurotransmitters into the synapse, a chemical junction between the axon tip and target neurons. A target neuron responds with its own electrical signal, which, in turn, spreads to other neurons. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the signal has spread to billions of neurons in several dozen interconnected areas of your brain and you have perceived these words. (All that and you probably didnt even break a sweat.)

The fact that you are then able to convert the perception of these shapes into symbols, language, and meaning is a whole other storyand a good indication of the complexity of neuroscience. Trying to imagine how trillions of connections and billions of simultaneous transmissions coalesce inside your brain to form a thought is a little like trying to look at the leaves, roots, snakes, birds, ticks, deerand everything else in a forestat the same moment.

With new brain imaging tools, however, researchers are making strides towards doing just that. A better understanding of where and how different types of thoughts arise in the brainsuch as facial recognition, emotion, or languagemay help researchers develop treatments for disorders such as autism or dyslexia.

But reaching that goal? Thats a tall order, said Evelina Fedorenko, a postdoctoral associate at the McGovern Institute. Working with Brain and Cognitive Sciences professor Nancy Kanwisher, Fedorenko is working to develop better tools for dissecting recordings of thoughts. Theirrecent workreveals a clearer picture of where the brain processes language, one of the defining activities that makes us human.

Thanks toRugada Meghanathof Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India, for this question.

Posted: April 26, 2011

Here is the original post:

MIT School of Engineering | What are thoughts made of?

The skull acts as a bastion of privacy; the brain is the last private part of ourselves, Australian neurosurgeon Tom Oxley says from New York.

Oxley is the CEO of Synchron, a neurotechnology company born in Melbourne that has successfully trialled hi-tech brain implants that allow people to send emails and texts purely by thought.

In July this year, it became the first company in the world, ahead of competitors like Elon Musks Neuralink, to gain approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct clinical trials of brain computer interfaces (BCIs) in humans in the US.

Synchron has already successfully fed electrodes into paralysed patients brains via their blood vessels. The electrodes record brain activity and feed the data wirelessly to a computer, where it is interpreted and used as a set of commands, allowing the patients to send emails and texts.

BCIs, which allow a person to control a device via a connection between their brain and a computer, are seen as a gamechanger for people with certain disabilities.

No one can see inside your brain, Oxley says. Its only our mouths and bodies moving that tells people whats inside our brain For people who cant do that, its a horrific situation. What were doing is trying to help them get whats inside their skull out. We are totally focused on solving medical problems.

BCIs are one of a range of developing technologies centred on the brain. Brain stimulation is another, which delivers targeted electrical pulses to the brain and is used to treat cognitive disorders. Others, like imaging techniques fMRI and EEG, can monitor the brain in real time.

The potential of neuroscience to improve our lives is almost unlimited, says David Grant, a senior research fellow at the University of Melbourne. However, the level of intrusion that would be needed to realise those benefits is profound.

Grants concerns about neurotech are not with the work of companies like Synchron. Regulated medical corrections for people with cognitive and sensory handicaps are uncontroversial, in his eyes.

But what, he asks, would happen if such capabilities move from medicine into an unregulated commercial world? Its a dystopian scenario that Grant predicts would lead to a progressive and relentless deterioration of our capacity to control our own brains.

And while its a progression that remains hypothetical, its not unthinkable. In some countries, governments are already moving to protect humans from the possibility.

In 2017 a young European bioethicist, Marcello Ienca, was anticipating these potential dangers. He proposed a new class of legal rights: neuro rights, the freedom to decide who is allowed to monitor, read or alter your brain.

Today Ienca is a Professor of Bioethics at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and advises the European Council, the UN, OECD, and governments on the impact technology could have on our sense of what it means to be human.

Before Ienca proposed the concept of neuro rights, he had already come to believe that the sanctity of our brains needed protection from advancing neurotechnology.

So 2015, around that time the legal debate on neurotechnology was mostly focusing on criminal law, Ienca says.

Much of the debate was theoretical, but BCIs were already being medically trialed. The questions Ienca were hearing six years ago were things like: What happens when the device malfunctions? Who is responsible for that? Should it be legitimate to use neurotechnology as evidence in courts?

Ienca, then in his 20s, believed more fundamental issues were at stake. Technology designed to decode and alter brain activity had the potential to affect what it meant to be an individual person as opposed to a non-person.

While humanity needs protection from the misuse of neurotech, Ienca says, neuro rights are also about how to empower people and to let them flourish and promote their mental and cerebral wellbeing through the use of advanced neuroscience and neurotechnology.

Neuro rights are a positive as well as protective force, Ienca says.

Its a view Tom Oxley shares. He says stopping the development of BCIs would be an unfair infringement on the rights of the people his company is trying to assist.

Is the ability to text message an expression of the right to communicate? he asks. If the answer is yes, he posits, the right to use a BCI could be seen as a digital right.

Oxley agrees with Grant that the future privacy of our brains deserves the worlds full attention. He says neuro rights are absolutely critical.

I recognise the brain is an intensely private place and were used to having our brain protected by our skull. That will no longer be the case with this technology.

Grant believes neuro rights will not be enough to protect our privacy from the potential reach of neurotech outside medicine.

Our current notion of privacy will be useless in the face of such deep intrusion, he says.

Commercial products such as headsets that claim to improve concentration are already used in Chinese classrooms. Caps that track fatigue in lorry drivers have been used on mine sites in Australia. Devices like these generate data from users brain activity. Where and how that data is stored, says Grant, is hard to track and even harder to control.

Grant sees the amount of information that people already share, including neuro data, as an insurmountable challenge for neuro rights.

To think we can deal with this on the basis of passing legislation is naive.

Grants solutions to the intrusive potential of neurotech, he admits, are radical. He envisages the development of personal algorithms that operate as highly specialised firewalls between a person and the digital world. These codes could engage with the digital world on a persons behalf, protecting their brain against intrusion or alteration.

The consequences of sharing neuro data preoccupies many ethicists.

I mean, brains are central to everything we do, think and say, says Stephen Rainey, from Oxfords Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics.

Its not like you end up with these ridiculous dystopias where people control your brain and make you do things. But there are boring dystopias you look at the companies that are interested in [personal data] and its Facebook and Google, primarily. Theyre trying to make a model of what a person is so that that can be exploited.

Chile is not taking any chances on the potential risks of neurotechnology.

In a world first, in September 2021, Chilean law makers approved a constitutional amendment to enshrine mental integrity as a right of all citizens. Bills to regulate neurotechnology, digital platforms and the use of AI are also being worked on in Chiles senate. Neuro rights principles of the right to cognitive liberty, mental privacy, mental integrity, and psychological continuity will be considered.

Europe is also making moves towards neuro rights.

France approved a bioethics law this year that protects the right to mental integrity. Spain is working on a digital rights bill with a section on neuro rights, and the Italian Data Protection Authority is considering whether mental privacy falls under the countrys privacy rights.

Australia is a signatory to the OECDs non-binding recommendation on responsible innovation in neurotechnology, which was published in 2019.

Australian neuroscientist and ethicist Assoc Prof Adrian Carter, of Monash University, Melbourne, is described by peers as having a good BS detector for the real and imagined threats posed by neurotech. As a self-described speculative ethicist, he looks at the potential consequences of technological progress.

Hype that over-sells neuro treatments can affect their effectiveness if patients expectations are raised too high, he explains. Hype can also cause unwarranted panic.

A lot of the stuff that is being discussed is a long way away, if at all, says Carter.

Mind-reading? That wont happen. At least not in the way many imagine. The brain is just too complex. Take brain computer interfaces; yes, people can control a device using their thoughts, but they do a lot of training for the technology to recognise specific patterns of brain activity before it works. They dont just think, open the door, and it happens.

Carter points out that some of the threats ascribed to future neurotechnology are already present in the way data is used by tech companies every day.

AI and algorithms that read eye movement and detect changes in skin colour and temperature are reading the results of brain activity in controlled studies for advertising. This data has been used by commercial interests for years to analyse, predict and nudge behaviour.

Companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon have made billions out of [personal data], Carter points out.

Dystopias that emerge from the data collected without consent arent always as boring as Facebook ads.

Oxfords Stephen Rainey points to the Cambridge Analytica scandal, where data from 87 million Facebook users was collected without consent. The company built psychological voter profiles based on peoples likes, to inform the political campaigns of Donald Trump and Ted Cruz.

Its this line where it becomes a commercial interest and people want to do something else with the data, thats where all the risk comes in, Rainey says.

Its bringing that whole data economy that were already suffering from right into the neuro space, and theres potential for misuse. I mean, it would be naive to think authoritarian governments would not be interested.

Tom Oxley says he is not naive about the potential for bad actors to misuse the research he and others are doing in BCI.

He points out Synchrons initial funding came from the US military, which was looking to develop robotic arms and legs for injured soldiers, operated through chips implanted in their brains.

While theres no suggestion the US plans to weaponise the technology, Oxley says its impossible to ignore the military backdrop. If BCI does end up being weaponised, you have a direct brain link to a weapon, Oxley says.

This potential appears to have dawned on the US government. Its Bureau of Industry and Security released a memo last month on the prospect of limiting exports of BCI technology from the US. Acknowledging its medical and entertainment uses, the bureau was concerned it may be used by militaries to improve the capabilities of human soldiers and in unmanned military operations.

Concerns about the misuse of neurotech by rogue actors do not detract from what it is already achieving in the medical sphere.

At the Epworth centre for innovation in mental health at Monash University, deputy director Prof Kate Hoy is overseeing trials of neuro treatments for brain disorders including treatment-resistant depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimers.

One treatment being tested is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is already used extensively to treat depression and was listed on the Medicare benefit schedule last year.

One of TMSs appeals is its non-invasiveness. People can be treated in their lunch hour and go back to work, Hoy says.

Basically we put a figure of eight coil, something you can hold in your hand, over the area of the brain we want to stimulate and then we send pulses into the brain, which induces electrical current and causes neurons to fire, she says.

So when we move [the pulse] to the areas of the brain that we know are involved in things like depression, what were aiming to do is essentially improve the function in that area of the brain.

TMS is also free of side effects like memory loss and fatigue, common to some brain stimulation methods. Hoy says there is evidence that some patients cognition improves after TMS.

When Zia Liddell, 26, began TMS treatment at the Epworth centre about five years ago, she had low expectations. Liddell has trauma-induced schizophrenia and has experienced hallucinations since she was 14.

Ive come a long way in my journey from living in psych wards to going on all sorts of antipsychotics, to going down this path of neurodiverse technology.

Liddell wasnt overly invested in TMS, she says, until it worked.

She describes TMS as, a very, very gentle flick on the back of your head, repetitively and slowly.

Liddell goes into hospital for treatment, normally for two weeks, twice a year. There shell have two 20-minute sessions of TMS a day, lying in a chair watching TV or listening to music.

She can remember clearly the moment she realised it was working. I woke up and the world was silent. I sprinted outside in my pyjamas, into the courtyard and rang my mum. And all I could say through tears was, I can hear the birds Mum.

It is a quietening of the mind that Liddell says takes effect about the three- to five-day mark of a two-week treatment.

I will wake up one morning and the world will be quiet Im not distracted, I can focus. TMS didnt just save my life, it gave me the chance of a livelihood. The future of TMS is the future of me.

But despite how it has changed her life for the better, she is not naive about the dangers of setting neurotech loose in the world.

I think theres an important discussion to be had on where the line of consent should be drawn, she says.

You are altering someones brain chemistry, that can be and will be life changing. You are playing with the fabric of who you are as a person.

Read more:

Our notion of privacy will be useless: what happens if technology learns to read our minds? - The Guardian