Category Archives: Mars

Mars is also known as the Red Planet due to its surface being red-orange. The surface of Mars is made up of a lot of iron oxide, which when exposed to the right circumstances, rusts into a red color. However, not all of Mars is this red color. One of the Mars Rovers, the Pheonix Lander, drilled into the surface to discover that only a few centimeters down the soil was brown, not red.

Mars surface is made up of rusted iron oxide, giving the planet its signature red color. While both Earth and Mars contain a lot of iron, the iron on Earth sunk below the surface shortly after its formation, whereas the iron on Mars stayed closer to the surface. Both planets do contain an iron core. However, scientists believe that the gravity on Mars was not high enough to pull all the iron towards the core. Even though iron is a very dense element, Mars is so much smaller than the Earth, which is why it has such a low gravity in comparison. How could the iron have oxidized? Well, scientists have a couple of theories. Firstly, there is evidence that Mars was once home to liquid water, which could have aided in the oxidization. This would not explain how the surface of Mars appears to be completely rusted. In 2009, researchers showed that oxidization could happen due to crumbling quartz. The dust storms on Mars can be extremely destructive and can demolish the quartz, leaving oxygen-rich surfaces exposed. Sunlight can also play the role of oxidizer on Mars by breaking carbon dioxide into hydrogen peroxide and ozone.

Earths atmosphere appears bright blue due to Rayleigh scattering. Shorter blue wavelengths of light are scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere, giving the sky its blue tinge. If Earths atmosphere were any smaller or less dense, the blue would be a lot more faded. The atmosphere of Mars is not dense enough for Rayleigh scattering to be the sole cause of the bright red color. Dust particles, kicked up by relentless dust storms, fill the atmosphere with particles of oxidized iron. The light then bounces off these particles creating a red tinge in the sky. Since dust storms are not uniform across the planet, neither is the color of the atmosphere. This is why images from Mars Rovers show differences in the color of the sky.

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Why Is Mars Red? - WorldAtlas

Science can be a cold, uncaring partner. Oh, your relationship may start out warm and fuzzy, but while your passion for discovery and truth may endure, science may turn its back on you and say, "find your own path ... I'm busy."

The team members from MIT's Haystack Observatory that I've been sharing the Haughton-Mars Project (HMP) camp with for the past three weeks might need some science couples therapy when they get back to Boston: John Barrett, a scientist and software developer at Haystack; Rigel Cappallo, a postdoctoral research associate there; and Jason Soo Hoo, Haystack's IT manager and the nominal field Principal Investigator for this deployment. All are working together on the EDGES experiment.

When asked, each of them insists they are merely assisting on Alan E.E. Rogers' important cosmology project EDGES, a collaboration between Haystack and Arizona State University, but each of them has organically assumed areas of responsibility fully commensurate with their skill sets. EDGES is the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of re-ionization Signature (opens in new tab), and, as noted earlier in this series, seeks to validate earlier efforts to measure the re-ionization of hydrogen in the early universe by using passive radio astronomy to listen to some of the earliest radio frequency signals ever. These originated from primordial hydrogen about 150 million years after the Big Bang, the period when the first stars began to form.

Related: A month on 'Mars': Trekking through Ingenuity Valley

Rod Pyle is a space historian and author who has created and offered executive leadership and innovation training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Rod has received endorsements and recognition from the outgoingDeputy Director of NASA, Johnson Space Center's Chief Knowledge Officer for his work.

Shortly after arriving at HMP and identifying a nicely flat area not far from the base yet far enough to not be affected by any radio frequency interference from the base John, Rigel, and Jason spent a couple of days stretching 5.5 miles (9 kilometers) of wire into a grid pattern running the wires back-and-forth over a north-oriented rectangle just a few inches apart. Even siting the grid was a challenge magnetic compasses don't work properly this close to the pole, so they had to collate multiple GPS readings and eventually built a rudimentary sundial to ascertain true geographic north. This grid, or ground plane, serves to ensure the antenna's response is smooth in frequency and direction and not affected by any unknown rock structures below the surface.

To accomplish this task, the experiment needed to be placed in an area as close to radio silent as possible, and that's why they have traveled here, about 15 degrees away from the geographic north pole, where terrestrial radio noise is minimal and where they will be looking away from the radio-noisy center of our Milky Way galaxy. But even here, errant emissions can be found in the FM band, and the team has been working tirelessly to perfect their observations as well as they can.

They arise early to traverse the mile (1.6 kilometers) across rugged terrain to their antenna installation. It doesn't sound very far, but in biting cold temperatures, with windblown grit in your eyes and mouth, bouncing over uneven, choppy terrain on aging ATVs, it's anything but fun. And, of course, while one or two of them are working with the EDGES antenna rig, the other must stand guard, scanning in a 360-degree pattern, alert for polar bears that may be prowling an MIT scientist makes as good a meal as a seal any day. This routine has been repeated every eight hours for weeks, and they have maintained continually sunny spirits throughout these cloudy days.

Early on, John worked tirelessly on the software that drives the antenna and its heating unit, with endless patience. Rigel, who has a mind like a razor and a wit to match, is the other half of the experiment on-site. Jason, who has spent years in the IT world and has traveled to Antarctica in a similar role, supports these efforts.

GET CAUGHT UP WITH A MONTH ON 'MARS':

From day one of their work, they have been struggling to identify any radio frequency interference, no matter how small it might be. Ruling out FM radio transmissions from distant stations was the easy part after those were excluded, the trio walked the HMP base and surrounding areas with a handheld RF meter. There appeared to be a single spike of interference coming from something, but since it never varied from location to location, it was ultimately suggested that this might be a fault in the detector itself.

The first week was spent trying to get the EDGES system to work properly. While earlier versions had been deployed twice before, including in the Australian outback, it had never been tested in these extreme conditions of cold. Because the antenna system is located far from camp, it's powered by batteries, and at these temperatures, those take the first hit they are depleted within 8-10 hours. There was also an issue with getting the system's internal heater to switch on properly the default settings in the system's software were not configured properly for the local environment, and tweaks had to be made to the programming.

With software issues ironed out, there was still errant radio noise being detected, and the team has spent the last ten days trying to isolate a possible source. It's possible that it's internal to the system some kind of interference from the circuitry or power source or that activity from the sun, or its interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere or ionosphere, may be the issue; we are not far from where the magnetic fields that surround our planet intersect the Earth at its northern magnetic pole. It's slow going, but they are gathering data 24/7, and Rigel will spend the first few weeks after his return to Boston working to parse the results. With luck they will not only find the culprit with regard to the interference they have detected, but perhaps some usable data from deep space as well.

We won't know the specific results from this deployment of EDGES for some time, but we do know that a valuable engineering study has been accomplished, that Devon Island appears to be one of the best radio-quiet places in the northern hemisphere, and that this team from Haystack works together under adverse circumstances brilliantly and that, in the end, may be the most valuable accomplishment of all.

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A month on 'Mars': Living on the EDGES - Space.com

According to NASA, a trip to Mars would take you about seven months and about 300 million miles, and your spacecraft would be traveling at about 24,600mph. Thats a lot of travel time and an amazing speed travel. Traveling to Mars may not be in the cards for you or your family, but weve got a far more affordable option that will impress your family and friends and put Mars front-and-center in your home.

The Original 16-Color Mars Lamp essentially is a way to bring the beauty and brilliance of Mars into your home. Featuring 16 original color tones to match your mood and your environment to create a wonderful ambience, the Mars Lamp has gone through a rigorous 26+ hours 3D printing process so you can actually experience an actual blueprint of Mars in your living space.

Control your newest conversation piece via a remote to change, dim or fade the colors of your Mars lamp or simply enjoy the touch switch to operate your preferences on-demand. The Mars Lamp is rechargeable with the provided USB cable, which means it also offers a wireless viewing experience as well.

If youve have a love of space, cutting-edge technology or simply love impressive home decor pieces, then the Mars Lamp will please you and your family. A trip to Mars may not be in the cards for you, but you can certainly experience Mars in your home every single day of the week with this enchanting lamp.

Promised to please the senses and add a little magic to any space, the Mars Lamp makes a great centerpiece for all you dreamers out there. Let the countdown begin.

Get The Original 16-Color Mars Lamp for $49.99 (reg. $55), a discount of 9 percent.

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This article includes sponsored material. Read our transparency policy for more information.

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Bring The Beauty Of Mars Into Your Home For Only $49.99 - IFLScience

This story is part of Welcome to Mars, our series exploring the red planet.

Rolling around a Martian crater all by yourself may seem like a lonely existence, but NASA's Curiosity rover has picked up a little friend. An image from Aug. 31 shows a rock wedged onto one of the rover's wheels.

Image processor Kevin Gill brought my attention to the hitchhiker in a Twitter post over the weekend. "The Curiosity rover has picked up its own wheel rock buddy wedged in there between two of the grousers," Gill wrote. Grousers are the raised zig-zag parts of the wheels that act as treads.

The image is the equivalent of what happens when you get a pebble stuck in the tread of your shoe and you stop to inspect the underside. The rover traversed a tricky, rocky pass in August.

Curiosity isn't the only rover into accidental rock collecting. The Perseverance rover over in Jezero Crater managed to pick up an interloper inside one of its wheels. That rock has logged months of travel with Percy, but doesn't pose any risk to the vehicle's operation.

Curiosity has been traipsing around the rugged and rocky Gale Crater since landing in 2012. It regularly images its wheels so the rover's team can track wear and tear. The aluminum wheels look pretty gnarly with cracks, holes and broken treads visible. The rover's team has taken steps to extend the life of the wheels and NASA expects them to hold up for the remainder of the mission. The space agency gave Curiosity a three-year mission extension back in April.

I've reached out to NASA to see if the rock is cause for concern considering the condition of Curiosity's wheels. It's located near a hole, but seems to be located on a solid part of the wheel. Future wheel monitoring images should be able to see if it's still there or if it jumped ship along the way.

If the pet rock sticks around, maybe it will earn a name? I like "Rocky."

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NASA Mars Rover Snags Pet Rock on Its Wheel - CNET

In a joint effort between NASAs MAVEN spacecraft and the United Arab Emirates Emirates Mars mission (EMM), scientists have observed an uncommonly chaotic interaction between the solar wind and Mars upper atmosphere, creating a unique ultraviolet aurora. The phenomenon represents an unusual occurrence in Martian space weather, and scientists are excited to take advantage of future collaborations between spacecraft to keep an eye out for repeat events.

The odd, patchy aurora created by the solar wind was observed twice, on august 11 and august 30 this year. Similar aurora have been observed regularly since 2018, but usually, it occurs in a smooth, even band that covers the planet. Last months aurora was patchy, variable, and locally occurring by contrast.

Its a specific type of aurora called a proton aurora, and occurs on the day-side of the planet when hydrogen atoms from the Sun, stripped of their electron, blast towards the red planet and penetrate the bow shock, a magnetic barrier that naturally shields Mars atmosphere. Some of the protons are able to bypass the bow shock by stealing electrons back from the busy region of space around Mars, becoming neutral and breaking through to hit the upper atmosphere. The result is an ultraviolet aurora that, until now, always seemed to occur as a coherent whole across the face of Mars, but has now been seen in distinct patches.

Proton auroras occur on Earth too, but they cant be seen by human eyes, and are rarer due to Earths stronger magnetic field.

It took observations from both Maven and EMM to understand what was going on. EMMs Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrograph (EMUS) instrument is constantly scanning the upper astmosphere of the planet, watching for evidence of atmospheric escape into space and changes in composition. Its detector is perfect for catching the ultraviolet light caused by the proton aurora.

MAVEN, meanwhile, captures in-situ data, feeling the plasma of the solar wind as it passes by with a magnetometer and ion analyzers.

When EMMs data was compared with MAVENs, it was clear that the patchy proton aurora was a result of a highly disturbed plasma environment at the time of the events.

Mike Chaffin of the University of Colorado Boulder explained that EMMs observations suggested that the aurora was so widespread and disorganized that the plasma environment around Mars must have been truly disturbed, to the point that the solar wind was directly impacting the upper atmosphere wherever we observed auroral emissionBy combining EMM auroral observations with MAVEN measurements of the auroral plasma environment, we can confirm this hypothesis and determine that what we were seeing was essentially a map of where the solar wind was raining down onto the planet.

Essentially, it was a temporary breakdown of Mars natural defences against solar radiation, when particles were able to take advantage of the chaotic space weather to find a way down to the planets atmosphere.

MAVEN arrived at Mars in 2014 and was joined by EMM in 2021. There are more than half a dozen probes in Martian orbit, each with different specialties and capabilities. Working together, they can help us understand Mars in a way that they cannot do on their own, including studying its unique auroras.

Learn more:

Evan Gough, Mars has auroras too, we just cant see them. Universe Today.

Willow Reed, MAVEN and EMM Make First Observations of Patchy Proton Aurora at Mars. NASA.

Bill Steigerwald / Nancy Jones, NASAs MAVEN Spacecraft Finds That Stolen Electrons Enable Unusual Aurora on Mars. NASA.

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A New Map Shows how Solar Winds Rain Down Everywhere on Mars - Universe Today

This post was written by Carolyn Wang, a first-year undergraduate at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Though she is studying Public Affairs and Statistics, she has always been fascinated by astronomy and the possibility of extraterrestrial life! In Carolyns free time, she enjoys reading, going on hikes, and taking dance and yoga classes.

Title: Vortices and Dust Devils as Observed by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer Instruments on Board the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Author: Brian Jackson

Authors Institution: Department of Physics, Boise State University

Status: open access on the Planetary Science Journal

Mars, dubbed the Red Planet with its fiery glow, has always fascinated us. Being one of our closest companions and having a relatively high possibility of housing life, Mars is among the most explored extraterrestrial landscapes in our solar system. Along with its beautiful red colors, another key Martian characteristic is its dust storms which, at their worst, can envelop the whole planet (yes, all of it!) in darkness.

Though no humans have stepped foot on the Red Planet, we have sent rovers to explore the planets surface from a safe distance. Among these rovers is Perseverance, which landed in Jezero Crater in 2021. Perseverance had the Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer (MEDA) on board, an exploratory instrument providing insight about Mars signature dust devils.

Dust devils, also known as dusty vortices, are key to understanding Mars climate since they loft dust into the atmosphere, shaping the Martian environment. Dust devils are exactly what they sound likea wild swirl of dust particles amidst rapid wind speeds. Some even reach 30 kilometers high! Because of their important role in influencing the Martian atmosphere and climate, many scientists are studying dust devil encounters.

MEDA, a technology developed by NASA on board the Perseverance rover, measures factors like air pressure, temperature, and wind speed. The findings from MEDA gave scientists a window into the behavior of dust devils near Jezero Crater. The author of this paper combined data from past studies and new information from MEDA to calculate the number of dust devil encounters. They found that encounters peaked midday with an average of 5 encounters every Martian day, or sol, with variation from sol to sol.

This study also used MEDA data to evaluate whether a wind vortex was dusty or dustless, allowing the author to figure out how many of the encounters were true dust devils. This was new insight, since dust and dustless vortices operate on the same principles of physics, making it really tricky to distinguish between the two. However, new information from MEDA that measured solar insolation and dust optical density allowed us to identify passing vortices as dusty or dustless. From analyzing this data, only about 25% had dust at a detectable level. So, many of what appeared as dust devils at first glance were really dustless devils in disguise.

So, how does the data from MEDA stack up when set side by side with data from other sites of Mars?

Well, vortex encounters for Perseverance exceeded the amount of vortices at Curiosity, a rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars, by a factor of 5-10. The results were less conclusive when comparing Perseverance to InSight, a Martian lander taking daily weather measurements. This was because Insight has discrepancies in the analysis of its data on vortex encounters when looking between studies. However, it seems like Perseverances vortex incidents were also higher than InSight in general. The data strongly suggests that vortex activity at Jezero Crater, the site of Perseverance, is more active than at other landing sites, demonstrating differences in dust vortex activity across the Red Planet.

This work is significant because dust devils mold Marss climate, shaping the atmospheric temperature, the atmospheres ability to hold water vapor, and more. Understanding how dust vortices will form and how frequently they occur in turn allows us to make predictions about Mars environment. Dust vortices give us a glimpse into Martian climate, which can tell us more about the possibilities of life on the Red Planet.

Examining dust storm behavior also provides valuable information for us as we continue our exploration missions and work towards sending a manned expedition to Mars. Because dust devils so greatly influence the conditions of Mars, we must truly understand them in order to safely explore the Red Planet and unlock the secrets hidden under the dust.

Astrobite edited by Ali CrispFeatured image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

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Another one bites the dust: What dust devils tell us about Mars - Astrobites

While there are no nighttime blockbusters on tap for us in September, there are enough cool things going on this month to keep us looking up at the night sky

September overnights got off to a gorgeous start with some unexpectedly intense Northern Lights shows that thrilled people across the Upper Peninsula and the northern half of the Lower Peninsula as well. The lights came out to play in the early mornings of Sept. 4 and 5. Fingers crossed that well get some more fall shows, or even a visit from STEVE.

RELATED: Sky phenomenon named STEVE showing up more

Weve pulled a few fun things from Whats Up: September 2022 Skywatching Tips from NASA to help guide you. The scientists there also do a monthly skywatching video. See the this months installment on YouTube here. Some of the highlights shared from NASA:

Illustration showing how Earth's tilt leads to the Northern and Southern Hemispheres receiving changing amounts of sunlight over the course of the year. At the equinoxes, neither hemisphere is more tilted toward the Sun, so both hemispheres receive the same amount of sunlight. Image provided by NASA/JPL-Caltech

Dont Miss the Fall Equinox. September 22 is the fall equinox, which is the start of autumn in our hemisphere. Day and nighttime hours are of about equal length on equinoxes. Its one of two first days of fall that we mark in September. See MLive Meteorologist Mark Torregrossas explanation for that. The equinox also gives you a chance to check your visual compass against landmarks in your area. From NASA:

If you take note of exactly where the Sun appears to rise and set on the equinoxes, those points mark the locations of due east and due west, respectively. And thats something useful to know for skywatchers, whatever hemisphere you happen to live in. So take note of any buildings, tall trees, lampposts, and the like at those places on the horizon, and you can use them to find your bearings when looking skyward all year long.

Mars is on the Move. While Mars started this month high in the southern sky before sunrise, itll head east as September progresses. NASA explains it this way: Early in the month, its near orange-colored Aldebaran, the eye of Taurus the bull. And over the course of the month, Mars works its way eastward from Aldebaran toward reddish Betelgeuse, creating a sort of red triangle in the morning sky. Then the Red Planet will appear to hit the brakes and halt its eastward motion, to hang out in that triangle for the next month or so.

On the night of Sept. 9, see the nearly full Moon escorted across the sky by Jupiter and Saturn. Photo provided by NASA/JPL-Caltech

Saturn and Jupiter Get Cozy. These two gas giants are buddying up in our evening skies this month. NASA is calling them planetary companions. The details: On the night of the 9th, Jupiter and Saturn escort the Moon across the sky. Youll find the trio rising in the southeast in the first couple of hours after dark, and gliding westward together over the course of the night. By the end of the month, youll find the pair of planets rising even earlier, appearing in the east soon after it gets dark, with bright Jupiter hanging low in the sky.

Want to learn more? Check out NASAs Night Sky Network here.

MORE MICHIGAN WEATHER

Fall forecast just updated; The temperature map is dark orange

First ever Earth-saving asteroid experiment from NASA happening this month

Garden Talk: How to plant garlic this fall for an amazing harvest next year

The rest is here:

September skywatching: Mars is on the move, fall equinox, Jupiter and Saturn get cozy - MLive.com

SNICKERS Satisfies Fans with Bigger Prizes, NFL Players, Custom Augmented Reality Experience and New Packaging

NEWARK, N.J., Sept. 6, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, SNICKERS, proudly part of Mars and 'The Official Chocolate Bar Sponsor of the NFL,' announced the return of the SNICKERS Rookie Mistake of the Year program, rewarding fans for sharing hilarious and relatable Rookie Mistakes. A Rookie Mistake is not an error that occurs due to bad luck, but instead a SNICKERS Rookie Mistake is a funny misstep caused when fans are not quite themselves.

Starting today, fans can submit video, photo, or written examples of their Rookie Mistakes on snickers.com/rookiemistake. Throughout the NFL regular season SNICKERS will spotlight some of the best Rookie Mistake submissions, giving fans a chance to be featured across SNICKERS platforms and rewarded with signed merchandise and NFLshop.com gift cards to ensure they are kept satisfied.

At the end of the regular season, a panel of NFL experts will select one Rookie Mistake that will be crowned 'SNICKERS Rookie Mistake of the Year.' The winning fan will receive two tickets to Super Bowl LVII in Arizona, where they will have the opportunity to celebrate on the field after the game.

To bring the excitement of the NFL season to fans everywhere, SNICKERS has also released brand new Rookie Mistake packaging which is available now. Each SNICKERS bar features a code that links to snickers.com/rookiemistakeand later this season, will bring consumers to an augmented reality experience where fans will be greeted by a Rookie Mistake 'magic football' featuring Stefon Diggs. The 'magic football' acts as a traditional magic 8-ball, where fans will have the opportunity to ask Diggs a question or submit a Rookie Mistake of their own.

"Mars is thrilled to inspire more moments of happiness and one-of-a-kind sports experiences for fans by bringing back the SNICKERS Rookie Mistake of the Year program this NFL season," said Michelle Deignan, Senior Marketing Director at Mars Wrigley. "Left the stadium early to beat traffic and missed the most epic play of the game? Called in sick to your 5th annual family reunion, but uploaded a "beach day" post with your friends on Instagram? SNICKERS offers a satisfying solution to Rookie Mistakes made both on and off the field in a way only a leading NFL partner like SNICKERS can deliver on."

As part of the brand's broader sports strategy, SNICKERS has again teamed up with some of the NFL's most recognizable players, including Stefon Diggsand Najee Harris. The players will re-create videos of fan submitted mistakes during the regular season. The debut video featuring first team All-Pro wide-receiver, Stefon Diggs was released todayand hilariously depicts the all too familiar mistake of leaving a game early only to miss an incredible comeback.

"I'm excited to partner with my friends at SNICKERS again to kick off the next season of the SNICKERS Rookie Mistake Of The Year program. Last year's entries were hilarious, but I know the fans have more they've been holding back," said Stefon Diggs. "I had the chance to film a Rookie Mistake inspired by a fan from last season, where two fans left a game early to beat traffic, only to miss an epic comeback in the fourth quarter. Ultimate Rookie Mistake. Think yours is better? Head to snickers.com/rookiemistaketo share it."

To submit a Rookie Mistake and learn more, fans can head to snickers.com/rookiemistakebeginning Tuesday, September 6 or share their Rookie Mistake on social using #SNICKERSROOKIEMISTAKE. Be sure to follow SNICKERS on Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, Instagramfor updates and all the Rookie Mistake content you need this season.

ABOUT MARS, INCORPORATED

Mars, Incorporated is driven by the belief that the world we want tomorrow starts with how we do business today. As a global, family-owned business, Mars is transforming, innovating, and evolving to make a positive impact on the world.

Across our diverse and expanding portfolio of quality confectionery, food, and pet care products and services, we employ 140,000+ dedicated Associates. With almost $45 billion in annual sales, we produce some of the world's best-loved brands including Ben's Original, CESAR, Cocoavia, DOVE, EXTRA, KIND, M&M's, SNICKERS, PEDIGREE, ROYAL CANIN, and WHISKAS. We are creating a better world for pets through our global network of pet hospitals and diagnostic services including AniCura, BANFIELD, BLUEPEARL, Linnaeus and VCA using cutting edge technology to develop breakthrough programs in genetic health screening and DNA testing.

For more information about Mars, please visit http://www.mars.com. Join us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube.

SOURCE Mars Wrigley

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Mars Excites Fans Ahead of NFL Kick-Off With The Return Of The SNICKERS Rookie Mistake Of The Year Program - PR Newswire

The Chinese robotic spacecraft Tianwen-1 has completed photographing the entirety of Mars and the shots are a combination of medium-definition and high-definition photos in what is being called a major success.

The Tianwen-1 launched in July 2020 and consisted of an orbiter, a rover, a lander, two deployable cameras, and a remote camera. The spacecraft reached Mars in February 2021 and beamed back its first image of the Red Planet to China.

After that initial snapshot, the spacecraft made 1,344 orbits around Mars and scanned and photographed the planet for over a year.

Here is a high-resolution photo of Valles Marineris, a huge canyon system that spreads for 2,500 miles across the surface of Mars and that is 4 miles deep in some parts.

Experts believe that these canyons started to form billions of years ago as the planet cooled.

And here is an image of the south pole on Mars, a part of the planet that researchers are particularly interested in because there is a large subglacial lake there with salty water where there could potentially be evidence of life.

I wonder how long its going to take for humans to set foot on Mars?

Time will tell

More here:

China Has Photographed All of Mars and the Images Are Incredible - Twisted Sifter

Cryptocurrencies are a brand-new way to exchange money. The demand for quick, inexpensive financial transactions is the main driving force behind the development of cryptocurrencies. Additionally, the purpose of cryptocurrencies is to give a level of equality that traditional currencies are unable to provide. An example of Cryptocurrencies pushing this narrative is Shiba Inu (SHIB), Dogelon Mars (ELON), and most interesting of all; Guffawli (GUFF).

Shiba Inu (SHIB), a meme coin built on the Ethereum blockchain, was launched by Rhoshi in 2020. A key feature of the Shiba Inu (SHIB) is that it can be exchanged for any token in the Ethereum ecosystem. Another trait that sets it apart is the Shiba Inu (SHIB) total supply. Produced at the launch of the project in August 2020, and coming in at around one quadrillion, it is easily the largest number of coins to ever be issued in the cryptocurrency space.

Following its inception, the decentralized exchange Uniswap locked in 50% of the Shiba Inu token supply. Users could only earn and trade cryptocurrencies using smart contracts and automated transactions between cryptocurrency tokens on the Ethereum network. Furthermore, the system is also known as an Automated Market Maker protocol (AMM), and it encourages customers towards becoming liquidity makers in return for a portion of transaction costs and free tokens.

Dogelon Mars (ELON) is a meme coin and an ERC-20 token built on the Polygon and Ethereum networks which are two of the most well-known blockchains and platforms of choice for many decentralized apps. In terms of total token supply, there are 1 quadrillion Dogelon Mars (ELON) in circulation overall. To properly burn the tokens and eliminate them from circulation, 50% of all ELON tokens have been given to Vitalik Buterin, the creator of Ethereum. This is a similar strategy by Shiba Inu. In terms of security, Dogelon Mars (ELON) is highly secure because it is built on the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum is one of the most secure blockchains in the cryptocurrency sector thanks to its proof-of-work consensus process, which forces miners to create new Ether.

Built on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC), Guffawli (GUFF) is a decentralized meme coin that aims to cater to those in the financial sector feeling under the weather, going through distress, or burdened with psychological issues arising from the instability of the financial market. Derived from the Scottish word Guffaw which means to laugh, Guffawli has taken a psychological perspective and it intends to preach the much-needed gospel of laughter in the financial sector as a lot of investors are plagued with greed, fear, anxiety, etc which can be detrimental to not just their health but business as well.

To tackle this, Guffawli has come up with viable and implementable solutions to ensure that every investment is well taken care of at each stage, this will lessen or remove fear and facilitate strategic planning which will in turn make judgments about investments advantageous, for all investors who think long term.

Guffawli (GUFF) has a total token supply of 10,000,000,000 and it will be distributed as follows:

Most meme coin platforms are all bark and no bite, but Guffawli through its strategic plan and unique approach aims to dominate the meme coin space and be a positive assurance to investors.

Guffawli (GUFF)

Presale: http://smile.guffawli.io/

Website: http://guffawli.io/

Telegram: https://t.me/GuffawliTokenOfficial

Always conduct proper research when dealing with pre-sales of currencies and tokens. The information above does not constitute investment advice by CryptoMode or its team, nor does it reflect the views of the website or its staff.

CryptoMode produces high quality content for cryptocurrency companies. We have provided brand exposure for dozens of companies to date, and you can be one of them. All of our clients appreciate our value/pricing ratio.Contact us if you have any questions: [emailprotected] None of the information on this website is investment or financial advice. CryptoMode is not responsible for any financial losses sustained by acting on information provided on this website by its authors or clients. No reviews should be taken at face value, always conduct your research before making financial commitments.

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While Shiba Inu and Dogelon Mars are Struggling to Stay Recognized, Guffawli is Taking a Psychological Approach to Finance by Encouraging the Laughing...