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Category Archives: Life Extension

Staying Alive: Extending the Life of a DCO – JD Supra

Posted: November 5, 2021 at 9:54 pm

Summary

The regime for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) allows for Development Consent Orders (DCOs) to be granted for a set period of time (often 5 years), but only recently has it become clear that time limits can be extended to keep DCOs alive.

The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) recently (16 September 2021) granted a non-material change to extend the timescale for implementation of a DCO for a period of 5 years for a proposed gas-fired power station. This is the first time such a significant extension has been granted and in this blog we explore how it was pursued.

The applicant, C.GEN, secured a DCO in 2014 for a gas-fired power station in North Killingholme, which had an original lifespan of 7 years. Due to a variety of commercial factors in the intervening years, implementation of the consent was ultimately not possible within the original 7 year time frame. However, there was a keenness to preserve the consent and deliver the project given the role of gas-fired power stations in the future national energy generation mix (as recognised in the 2020 Energy White Paper), to complement the move to renewables and support the targets for net zero and 40GW offshore wind capacity by 2030.

As a result, an application for a non-material change was submitted to BEIS in August 2020 to extend the time for implementation of this DCO, with BCLP advising C.Gen since 2018.

There are two types of change that may be made to a DCO - these are non-material or material. Separate procedures are prescribed in legislation[1] and in non-statutory Government Guidance for handling each type of application.

The C.GEN application was for a non-material change and required consideration of the interplay between the proposed changes and the Environmental Statement, the Habitats Regulations Assessments, compulsory acquisition powers, and the effects on businesses and residents. The Guidance also sets out the various steps which need to be taken and procedure to be followed and is a useful starting point for applicants considering post-grant changes.

The alternative mechanism, where material changes are sought, involves a more costly and detailed process (potentially including an examination akin to a public inquiry). There is no legal definition of a material and non-material change so careful consideration is necessary as to which approach is appropriate in each case, and an awareness of the risk and cost profiles which vary depending on which route is pursued.

In both cases an application must be prepared setting out the changes, and even the non-material process can require an environmental report, as well as high quality consultation and comprehensive engagement. In either case, the application must be supported by a draft Statutory Instrument, compliant with the salient rules and regulations, as it is creating new law.

In light of the time since the original DCO grant in this case, the applicant wanted to ensure that the scheme complies with the latest position on carbon capture, and this was reflected in the application. The decision by BEIS to extend the DCO also included provisions to incorporate current carbon capture technologies that enable either the pre-combustion removal of carbon dioxide (IGCC mode), or post-combustion capture (CCGT mode) within the project

Applications to change DCOs can take some time both to corral the necessary information for the application, carry out engagement, and also to allow time for the decision-making process (where, in the case of non-material change applications, there is no statutory timescale). In this case the application was made in August 2020 and a decision was made in September 2021.

The only other DCO extension we are aware of was for a 12 month extension and was granted in July 2020, during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns. That application was made at a time when planning rules were temporarily relaxed to allow extensions to conventional TCPA consents (which are usually prohibited) but DCO projects had to follow the pre-existing route pursuant to Schedule 6 of the 2008 Planning Act, and seek a non-material or material change in order to secure a similar extension. That application for a 12-month extension was based firmly and solely on the extraordinary circumstances produced by the pandemic in 2020, and hence was for a relatively short period.

The C.GEN North Killingholme project DCO extension is the first time that an extension has been sought for a substantial period of time in this case 5 years which is of course reflective of the standard timescale for an entirely new DCO.

[1]Planning Act 2008, Schedule 6 and the Infrastructure Planning (Changes to, and Revocation of, Development Consent Orders) Regulations 2011

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Murphy Oil Corporation Announces Third Quarter 2021 Results and Full Year 2021 Update – Yahoo Finance

Posted: at 9:54 pm

Achieves 2021 Long-Term Debt Reduction Goal of $300 Million Following Recent Bond Notice of Redemption, Lowers 2021 CAPEX Midpoint $20 Million to $680 Million

HOUSTON, November 04, 2021--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Murphy Oil Corporation (NYSE: MUR) today announced its financial and operating results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2021, including net income attributable to Murphy of $108 million, or $0.70 net income per diluted share. Adjusted net income, which excludes discontinued operations and other one-off items, was $37 million, or $0.24 net income per diluted share.

Unless otherwise noted, the financial and operating highlights and metrics discussed in this commentary exclude noncontrolling interest.1

Highlights for the third quarter include:

Generated adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortization and exploration expenses of $312 million, or $21.95 per barrel of oil equivalent

Advanced debt reduction goal with redemption of $150 million of 6.875 percent senior notes due 2024

Finalized Terra Nova asset life extension project agreement with partners and government, increasing Murphys working interest to 18 percent from 10.475 percent

Maintained schedule of major projects in the Gulf of Mexico ahead of first oil in the first half of 2022 with drilling Khaleesi #3 and spudding Samurai #4, with no timing impacts from Hurricane Ida

Transported the Kings Quay floating production system successfully, safely and on schedule to the Texas coast from South Korea

Subsequent to the third quarter:

Reduced 2021 capital expenditures guidance midpoint by $20 million down to $680 million, with a range of $675 to $685 million

Continued delevering by announcing the redemption of $150 million of 6.875 percent senior notes due 2024 to occur on December 2, thereby achieving $300 million long-term debt reduction goal and 17 percent total debt reduction for 2021

"Our team continues to successfully execute our major Gulf of Mexico projects as planned, while maintaining consistent onshore production volumes, enabling us to capitalize on rising oil prices and generate excess cash to achieve our goal of reducing long-term debt by $300 million in the second half of this year," said Roger W. Jenkins, President and Chief Executive Officer. "By strengthening our balance sheet through significant debt reduction, the company will close out the year well-positioned to navigate all commodity price cycles as we continue our exploration program with spudding the non-operated Cutthroat well in Brazil in fourth quarter 2021."

Story continues

"Prior to Hurricane Ida at the end of August, our Gulf of Mexico assets were performing above guidance. Our offshore facilities did not experience significant damage, and due to our preparations, five days after evacuation we were able to redeploy personnel safely with no incidents and, shortly thereafter, resumed drilling. This enabled our team to complete planned maintenance while awaiting downstream functionality, thereby reducing our operated planned downtime for fourth quarter 2021," said Jenkins. "Today, all hurricane-related production issues have been resolved with the exception of one field, which produces about 1 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day."

THIRD QUARTER 2021 RESULTS

The company recorded net income, attributable to Murphy, of $108 million, or $0.70 net income per diluted share, for the third quarter 2021. This includes a realized after-tax loss of $91 million and an unrealized after-tax gain on crude oil derivative contracts of $44 million. Adjusted net income, which excludes both the results of discontinued operations and certain other items that affect comparability of results between periods, was $37 million, or $0.24 net income per diluted share for the same period. The adjusted net income from continuing operations adjusts for the following after-tax items: a $54 million gain on asset retirement obligations due to the multi-year deferral of expected abandonment expenditures at Terra Nova in offshore Canada, the previously mentioned $44 million non-cash mark-to-market gain on derivative instruments and a $22 million non-cash mark-to-market loss on contingent consideration. Details for third quarter results can be found in the attached schedules.

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) from continuing operations attributable to Murphy was $288 million, or $20 per barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) sold. Adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortization and exploration expenses (EBITDAX) from continuing operations attributable to Murphy was $312 million, or $22 per BOE sold. Details for third quarter EBITDA and EBITDAX reconciliations can be found in the attached schedules.

Third quarter production averaged 155 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day (MBOEPD) with 52 percent oil and 59 percent liquids. Approximately 12.8 MBOEPD of Gulf of Mexico production was shut-in due to Hurricane Ida during the quarter. Production downtime following the significant storm was extended as a result of damage and power loss at third-party downstream facilities, including oil terminals, natural gas processing plants and refineries, causing them to remain offline for several weeks. Gulf of Mexico production volumes steadily ramped up as third-party facilities returned to operations with approximately 1 MBOEPD expected to remain offline for repairs through first quarter 2022.

Details for third quarter results can be found in the attached schedules.

FINANCIAL POSITION

Murphy had approximately $2.1 billion of liquidity as of September 30, 2021, comprised of the $1.6 billion senior unsecured credit facility and approximately $505 million of cash and cash equivalents.

On August 16, 2021, Murphy redeemed $150 million of its 6.875 percent senior notes due 2024 for a redemption price of 101.719 percent. Total debt of $2.6 billion as of the end of third quarter 2021 consists of long-term, fixed-rate notes with a weighted average maturity of 7.5 years and a weighted average coupon of 6.3 percent.

Subsequent to quarter end, the company announced it will redeem an additional $150 million of its 6.875 percent senior notes due 2024. Following this redemption, Murphy will have achieved its long-term debt reduction goal of $300 million for the second half of 2021, as well as reduced total debt by $530 million, or 17 percent, since year-end 2020, after achieving $230 million total debt reduction in first quarter 2021.

OPERATIONS SUMMARY

Onshore

The onshore business produced approximately 95 MBOEPD with 40 percent liquids volumes in the third quarter. No wells were brought online across Murphys onshore assets during the quarter.

Eagle Ford Shale Third quarter production averaged 37 MBOEPD with 70 percent oil volumes.

Tupper Montney In the third quarter, natural gas production averaged 292 million cubic feet per day (MMCFD).

Kaybob Duvernay Production averaged 7 MBOEPD with 71 percent liquids volumes during the third quarter.

Offshore

Excluding noncontrolling interest, the offshore business produced 60 MBOEPD for the third quarter, comprised of 82 percent oil, which was negatively impacted by 12.8 MBOEPD of shut-in production as a result of Hurricane Ida.

Gulf of Mexico During the quarter, production averaged 56 MBOEPD, consisting of 81 percent oil. Murphy brought Calliope #1 (Mississippi Canyon 609) online in August prior to the hurricane.

Murphys major projects continue to advance on schedule, with the Khaleesi, Mormont, Samurai project expected to achieve first oil in the first half of 2022 through the Kings Quay floating production system, and the non-operated St. Malo waterflood project scheduled to complete in 2023. Murphy drilled Khaleesi #3 and spud Samurai #4 in the third quarter, while the Kings Quay floating production system safely reached shoreside in Texas after sailing from South Korea. Additionally, the final producer well of the non-operated St. Malo waterflood campaign was brought online in August prior to the hurricane.

Canada Production averaged 4 MBOEPD in the third quarter, comprised of 100 percent oil.

Operations at the Terra Nova field have remained offline since December 2019. During the third quarter, the partner group finalized an agreement to advance the Terra Nova asset life extension project, which is expected to extend production life by approximately 10 years. As part of this agreement, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador will provide royalty and financial support up to $164 million (C$205 million) total to the partner group, which will contribute on a matching basis. Murphys working interest has increased to 18 percent from 10.475 percent, while Suncor as operator now holds 48 percent and Cenovus owns the remaining 34 percent. Work began on the floating production storage and offloading vessel in the third quarter 2021 and it will remain offline throughout 2022 with an anticipated return to operations in fourth quarter 2022. Murphys future net investment in the project is approximately $60 million, after adjusting for government funding and exiting partners.

EXPLORATION

Gulf of Mexico Chevron U.S.A. Inc. drilled an exploration well at Silverback (Mississippi Canyon 35) and reached a measured depth of 23,240 feet. The operator plugged and abandoned the well and is evaluating the results. Murphy has fully expensed the well.

COMMODITY HEDGES

Murphy employs commodity derivative instruments to manage certain risks associated with commodity price volatility and underpin capital returns associated with certain assets.

During and subsequent to the third quarter, Murphy added hedges to protect cash flow with the execution of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) costless collars, resulting in a total 23 thousand barrels of oil per day (MBOPD) hedged for full year 2022 with a weighted average put price of $62.65 per barrel and average call price of $74.77 per barrel.

For the remainder of 2021, the company has 45 MBOPD hedged with WTI fixed price swaps at an average price of $42.77 per barrel, while 20 MBOPD of full-year 2022 production is hedged at an average price of $44.88 per barrel.

Murphy continues to maintain its natural gas price risk protection with fixed price forward sales contracts for physical delivery at the AECO hub in Canada for calendar years 2021 through 2024. Details for the current hedge positions can be found in the attached schedules.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND PRODUCTION GUIDANCE

Production for fourth quarter 2021 is estimated to be in the range of 145.5 to 153.5 MBOEPD. This includes 4.5 MBOEPD of Gulf of Mexico facility downtime that occurred in October and 2.2 MBOEPD of net planned non-operated Gulf of Mexico downtime to occur later in the quarter. Murphy is reducing its 2021 capital expenditures (CAPEX) guidance midpoint by $20 million down to $680 million, with a range of $675 to $685 million. Due to production impacts from the hurricane, full year 2021 production guidance has been revised to a range of 156.5 to 158.5 MBOEPD, with the low end of original guidance now set as the midpoint. Full year production is forecast to be comprised of approximately 55 percent oil and 62 percent total liquids volumes. Both production and CAPEX guidance ranges exclude Gulf of Mexico noncontrolling interest (NCI).

Revised CAPEX by Quarter ($ MMs)

1Q 2021A*

2Q 2021A

3Q 2021A

4Q 2021E

FY 2021E

$230

$198

$103

$149

$680

Accrual CAPEX, based on midpoint of guidance range and excluding NCI* Excludes Kings Quay CAPEX of $17 million, includes $20 million Lucius working interest acquisition

"This years focus on delevering the balance sheet could only have been achieved with continuous capital discipline," said Jenkins. "I am especially proud to maintain the low end of our original production guidance, exceed our original oil production volumes, and achieve our debt reduction goals all accomplished with less capital, including our Lucius working interest acquisition in the first quarter, and despite experiencing a major hurricane that struck the most significant Gulf Coast location in the oil and natural gas industry."

CONFERENCE CALL AND WEBCAST SCHEDULED FOR NOVEMBER 4, 2021

Murphy will host a conference call to discuss third quarter 2021 financial and operating results on Thursday, November 4, 2021, at 9:00 a.m. EDT. The call can be accessed either via the Internet through the Investor Relations section of Murphy Oils website at http://ir.murphyoilcorp.com or via the telephone by dialing toll free 1-888-886-7786, reservation number 88455077.

FINANCIAL DATA

Summary financial data and operating statistics for third quarter 2021, with comparisons to the same period from the previous year, are contained in the following schedules. Additionally, a schedule indicating the impacts of items affecting comparability of results between periods, a reconciliation of EBITDA and EBITDAX between periods, as well as guidance for the fourth quarter and full year 2021, are also included.

1In accordance with GAAP, Murphy reports the 100 percent interest, including a 20 percent noncontrolling interest (NCI), in its subsidiary, MP Gulf of Mexico, LLC (MP GOM). The GAAP financials include the NCI portion of revenue, costs, assets and liabilities and cash flows. Unless otherwise noted, the financial and operating highlights and metrics discussed in this news release, but not the accompanying schedules, exclude the NCI, thereby representing only the amounts attributable to Murphy.

ABOUT MURPHY OIL CORPORATION

As an independent oil and natural gas exploration and production company, Murphy Oil Corporation believes in providing energy that empowers people by doing right always, staying with it and thinking beyond possible. Murphy challenges the norm, taps into its strong legacy and uses its foresight and financial discipline to deliver inspired energy solutions. The company sees a future where it is an industry leader who is positively impacting lives for the next 100 years and beyond. Additional information can be found on the companys website at http://www.murphyoilcorp.com.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This news release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are generally identified through the inclusion of words such as "aim", "anticipate", "believe", "drive", "estimate", "expect", "expressed confidence", "forecast", "future", "goal", "guidance", "intend", "may", "objective", "outlook", "plan", "position", "potential", "project", "seek", "should", "strategy", "target", "will" or variations of such words and other similar expressions. These statements, which express managements current views concerning future events or results, are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause one or more of these future events or results not to occur as implied by any forward-looking statement include, but are not limited to: macro conditions in the oil and gas industry, including supply/demand levels, actions taken by major oil exporters and the resulting impacts on commodity prices; increased volatility or deterioration in the success rate of our exploration programs or in our ability to maintain production rates and replace reserves; reduced customer demand for our products due to environmental, regulatory, technological or other reasons; adverse foreign exchange movements; political and regulatory instability in the markets where we do business; the impact on our operations or market of health pandemics such as COVID-19 and related government responses; other natural hazards impacting our operations or markets; any other deterioration in our business, markets or prospects; any failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals; any inability to service or refinance our outstanding debt or to access debt markets at acceptable prices; or adverse developments in the U.S. or global capital markets, credit markets or economies in general. For further discussion of factors that could cause one or more of these future events or results not to occur as implied by any forward-looking statement, see "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K that we file, available from the SECs website and from Murphy Oil Corporations website at http://ir.murphyoilcorp.com. Murphy Oil Corporation undertakes no duty to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This news release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures that management believes are useful tools for internal use and the investment community in evaluating Murphy Oil Corporations overall financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are broadly used to value and compare companies in the crude oil and natural gas industry. Not all companies define these measures in the same way. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and should therefore be considered only as supplemental to such GAAP financial measures. Please see the attached schedules for reconciliations of the differences between the non-GAAP financial measures used in this news release and the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

MURPHY OIL CORPORATION

SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

September 30,

(Thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)

2021

2020

2021

2020

Revenues and other income

Revenue from sales to customers

$

687,549

425,324

$

2,038,905

1,311,627

(Loss) gain on derivative instruments

(59,164

)

(5,290

)

(499,794

)

319,502

Gain on sale of assets and other income

2,315

1,831

21,217

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Murphy Oil Corporation Announces Third Quarter 2021 Results and Full Year 2021 Update - Yahoo Finance

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LeoLabs, Maxar and Astroscale will join us to talk about sustainable in-space operations at TC Sessions: Space 2021 – TechCrunch

Posted: at 9:54 pm

Space is vast, but the part where humans can operate productively and sustainably, especially when it comes to for-profit commercial enterprises, is actually relatively small and increasingly crowded. Were thrilled to have three experts at TC Sessions: Space 2021 who are leading the charge in new initiatives that seek to make in-space operations even more attainable, cost-effective and safe to help us untangle some of the ways we can handle booming business in low Earth orbit (LEO).

LeoLabs CEO and co-founder Daniel Ceperley, Astroscale CEO and founder Nobu Okada, and Maxars GM of Robotics Lucy Condakchian will be at the event for a discussion of on-orbit operations, and what its going to take to make LEO an effective and sustainable location for commercial space companies to cooperate, especially as the number of satellites surrounding Earth is set to explode in growth over the next few years.

Ceperleys LeoLabs has established itself as the leading private company currently tracking low Earth objects, including debris from past launches, active satellites and more. LeoLabs is the leading provider of commercial collision warning services and real-time Space Domain Awareness (SDA) for low Earth orbit (LEO). These services are powered by LeoLabs worldwide network of radars and its cloud-based software system.

Okadas Astroscale was founded specifically to solve the issues around the growing thread of space debris. The startup is working on technologies for end-of-life management of satellites, removal of existing orbital debris and life extension programs for active satellites in order to make them useful beyond their originally scheduled service life.

Maxar is working on in-space robotic technologies designed to service satellites and other spacecraft on orbit, including NASAs OSAM-1 program, which will refuel and reposition an active orbital satellite, and also on SPIDER, a program that will show how robots can perform on-orbit assembly of satellites, which will make it much easier and more affordable to launch future operational spacecraft.

TC Sessions: Space 2021 takes place on December 14-15. Weve dedicated two full days to explore and gain more understanding of the rapidly advancing technologies and opportunities in space from in-space propulsion systems and lunar sampling to investment trends and public-private collaboration. Buy your pass todayand get an insiders look at on-orbit operations and servicing and so much more.

Is your company interested in sponsoring or exhibiting at TC Sessions: Space 2021? Contact our sponsorship sales team byfilling out this form.

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LeoLabs, Maxar and Astroscale will join us to talk about sustainable in-space operations at TC Sessions: Space 2021 - TechCrunch

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Refurbishment, Adaptive Reuse and Extension of Apartments in Mexico – ArchDaily

Posted: at 9:54 pm

Refurbishment, Adaptive Reuse and Extension of Apartments in Mexico

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It has become evident that the spaces we inhabit have changed. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to appreciate values as lighting, ventilation, and comfort when working in home.

This has sparked interest in remodeling and adapting residential spaces to fit the new conditions and needs. That is why we have compiled a list of built projects in Mexico so that you can immerse yourself in the different spatial solutions that respond to particular conditions.

Our clients, a couple with two sons, moved to CUPA ---Centro Urbano Presidente Aleman, the first modernist residential complex in Mexico-- 15 years ago. Their apartment has 55 m in two levels. In the access level (12m) the kitchen and dining room and in the lower level (43m) a space without partition walls for the three beds, the tv, a sofa, an enclosed bathroom/laundry room, their bikes and lots of boxes where they store their clothes and other belongings. After analyzing the current state of the apartment, the main issues that we identified were the lack of privacy, lack of storage space and the deterioration of floors, stuccos, doors and windows.

Taking advantage of the geometry of the existing structure, a configuration system was proposed by placing cubic wooden elements that house the private spaces, thus organizing different programs. This not only allowed to create of cozy and comfortable spaces for private areas, but it also managed to generate a modular design that could be replicated to generate apartments of different sizes and configurations, adapting to the needs of the market and allowing to take advantage of the reticular condition of the building.

The main objective of the intervention was not to alter the original image of the building and focused on: lightening the building and reinforcing the structure; and replacement of interior and exterior finishes. It was re-cemented and stiffening frames were installed at all levels. In the housing levels, the interior walls were demolished to lighten the structure and give continuity to the space.

This single-family design apartment is located in the west side of Mexico City, in the context of a new and dense urban fabric. The project, although in a new area of development and in a relatively new building, was received in an unacceptable state of conservation and a wasted distribution of resources. The proposed renovation presented an opportunity to enhance a typical luxury apartment with more than the design of its interiors but rather the design of a new living system.

The remodeling started with the clear perspectivethat interiors area fair representation of the lifestyle of the user. Thus, an apartmentthat once belonged to a grandmother and was inherited by a young single graphic designer. Hecommissioned us this project in which, after cleaning and dismantling thecarpets and ceilings, we found a perfectly polished concrete surface. This surfacewas sealed and left exposedin public areas. A reticulated ribbed slab gave us extra 30 cms, plus the depth of the caissons. This slab was cleaned, left exposed and on it runs the exposed wiring. Finally, we decided to leave the walls bare almost throughout the entire apartment.

The remodeling proposal was raised for a retired couple (Nicanor and Marisela) in search of transforming their space; a home that had a widely functional and practical character. In addition to making the most of every corner of the apartment. Located on the first floor of six levels, the apartment is provided with lighting and ventilation through a central light cube. The first premise consisted in painting the walls in white to understand the light baths inside. In addition to this, the essence of the project responds to the verticalities that in turn configure the different spaces that make up the department.

An apartment from the 60's, originally planned by the Russian architect Vladimir Kasp in a central area of Mexico City, is radically transformed by Zeller & Moye with the aim of restoring the modernist spirit of its original designer, while at the same time incorporate the needs of a contemporary family life. The 250 square meter house, which is part of a modernist multi-family housing block, is developed along two levels with helical staircases that favor the character of the apartment's spatial fluidity.

This project consists of an architectural rehabilitation of a building dating from the late nineteenth century, located in the historic center of the city of Puebla, Mexico. The rehabilitation work consisted of a restructuring of roofs, original roofs of the beam system of wood, mostly collapsed due to the complete abandonment of the building for 23 years, the rehabilitation consisted of the restructuring of new roofs in a losacero system in approximately half of the roofs of the three levels, this restructuring was done to maintain the original reading of the building with respect to the heights of the mezzanines and the original spatial distributions.

This project is about extending and improving the houses whose original composition has a single bedroom; these houses are overcrowded, generating situations of violence and tension, especially against women. With the construction of this additional room we will be protecting them, thereby generating a condition of well-being and prosperity for half of the population. In order to reduce overcrowding in houses, the INFONAVIT, implemented the "Un Cuarto Ms" (One More Room) strategy, which aims to benefit more than two million people in urban areas of Mexico. The main objective of this strategy is the development of prototypes that offer solutions of efficiency in cost, time and extension.

A housing expansion prototype that aims to add a 16 sqm room, on the roof of social houses that currently have problems of overcrowding, as they originally have only one bedroom.As this is a construction proposed in wood, it seeks to explore this material from its structural aspect, insulation, light, and a logical building system. In addition to it, this prototype opens a research around the potential of this resource to activate a sustainable economy in the country, which with the correct use of its forests and jungles, new local economies can be detonated, as well as schemes that can focus on the housing crisis, unemployment, and social marginalization.

The building is located in the Colonia Roma, a historic neighbourhood in the central sector of Mexico City. La Roma developed in the 19th century as one of the first extensions of the city centre, with an orthogonal grid of large houses inhabited by the upper classes of the city. With the emergence of suburban life in the 50s, la Roma decreased its population throughout the second half of the 20th century, getting to its worst with earthquake of 1985. The project builds on the initiative of the Urban Recyclingstart-up; the initiative is challenging: build housing on a listed building of historical value, without any parking area in a city where the car is the king-, and incorporating commercial area in the main floor, in a culture where such condition is typically associated to the reality of the lower social classes, and not understood as an indispensable element for building urban quality.

We uncovered the layers of history of the old La Cubana Chocolate Factory that was founded in 1872 and worked until 2004 in the Santa Mara la Ribera neighborhood. In this way, we rehabilitate and integrate a housing dynamic with mixed uses and changes in scale. Because of its location and its historical background, this colony has developed neighborhood traditions and uses around a Moorish kiosk.

This article is part of the ArchDaily Topic: Adaptive Reuse. Every month we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and projects. Learn more about our monthly topics. As always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us.

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Sobi to present new data at the ASH 2021 Annual Meeting – PRNewswire

Posted: at 9:54 pm

STOCKHOLM, Nov. 4, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Sobi will present new data at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) taking place from 11-14 December 2021. Sobi's commitment to developing innovative treatments for people living with rare diseases is highlighted in studies spanning several rare disorders, including haemophilia, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

For the first time, the PRINCE phase 3 data on pegcetacoplan in adults with PNH who are treatment nave meaning they had not received a complement inhibitor within three months before entering the study will be presented.

"We look forward to presenting data from the PRINCE study for the first time, evaluating the efficacy and safety of pegcetacoplan in people living with PNH who are treatment nave," said Ravi Rao, Head of Research & Development and Chief Medical Officer at Sobi. "We are also excited to be able to collaborate and connect in person at this year's annual meeting."

In addition to the PRINCE data, a new post-hoc analysis on pegcetacoplan in patients who were either treatment nave or still experiencing anaemia on treatment with the C5 inhibitor eculizumab will be presented.

In haemophilia A, new data on efanesoctocog alfa, previously known as BIVV001, will be presented. Efanesoctocog alfa, an investigational once-weekly factor therapy for people with haemophilia A, has the potential to provide high sustained factor VIII activity and near-normal factor levels for the majority of the week. Efanesoctocog alfa represents a potential new class of factor replacement treatment. Currently in phase 3 development in partnership with Sanofi, the new data from a post-hoc analysis of phase 1/2 studies will add more clarity on the new mechanism of half-life extension of efanesoctocog alfa by evaluating the independency of its pharmacokinetics from von Willebrand factor.

Sobi will also present new data from the pilot study of Gamifant (emapalumab), a fully human, anti-interferon gamma (IFN) monoclonal antibody, in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) developing MAS. These data demonstrate the pathogenic role of IFN in MAS/sJIA and the therapeutic value of IFN neutralisation in patients with MAS who have failed standard therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids. Additionally, new exposure-safety analyses of data obtained from the pivotal trial of Gamifant in patients with primary HLH will be presented.

Key Sobi data to be presented at ASH 2021

Haemophilia

Alprolix (eftrenonacog alfa)

Prophylaxis with rFIXFc Reduces the Frequency and Delays Time to First Spontaneous Bleed Event in Previously Untreated Patients with Hemophilia B: A Post Hoc Analysis of the PUPs B-LONG Trial.

#498. Oral presentationSession: 322. Sunday, 12 December, Session Time: 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM/Presentation Time: 5:45 PM ET.Joint with Sanofi.

Efanesoctocog alfa (investigational)

Efanesoctocog Alfa Half-Life and Clearance Are Independent of von Willebrand Factor in Severe Hemophilia A: A Post Hoc Analysis from Phase 1/2a Studies.

#1035. Poster presentationSaturday, 11 December, 5:30 PM - 7:30 PM. Joint with Sanofi.

Elocta/Eloctate (efmoroctocog alfa)

Retrospective Observational Descriptive Study on the Effectiveness and Usage of Emicizumab and Antihemophilic Factor (recombinant), Fc Fusion Protein in Patients with Hemophilia A in the US.

#3031. Poster presentationSession: 904. Sunday, 12 December, 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM ET. Presented by Sanofi.

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Aspaveli/Empaveli (pegcetacoplan)

Efficacy and Safety of Pegcetacoplan Treatment in Complement-Inhibitor Nave Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Results from the Phase 3 PRINCE Study.

#606. Oral presentationMonday, 13 December, 11:45 AM ET, Georgia World Congress Center, Georgia Ballroom 1-3Joint with Apellis.

Changes in Hemoglobin Measures Observed in PNH Patients Treated with Both C5 Inhibitors Ravulizumab and Eculizumab: Real-World Evidence from a US-Based EMR Network.

#1112. Poster presentationSaturday, 11 December, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM ET.Joint with Apellis.

Post Hoc Analysis of the Effect of Pegcetacoplan Treatment of Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Baseline Hemoglobin Levels Greater Than 10 Grams per Deciliter.

#2194. Poster presentationSunday, 12 December, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM ET.Joint with Apellis.

Evaluation of the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Pegcetacoplan Treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Patients: An Extension Study.

#2175. Poster presentationSunday, 12 December, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM ET.Joint with Apellis.

Categorized Hematologic Response to Pegcetacoplan and Correlations with Quality of Life in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Post Hoc Analysis of Data from Phase 1b, Phase 2a, and Phase 3 Trials.

#1104. Poster presentationSaturday, 11 December, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM ET.Presented by Apellis.

Chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Doptelet (avatrombopag)

Durability of Platelet Response When Switching from Eltrombopag or Romiplostim to Avatrombopag in Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Multicenter Study.

#1015. Poster presentationSession: 311. Saturday, 11 December, 5:30 PM - 7:30 PM ET.

Further Characterization of Thromboembolic Events and Association with Platelet Count Occurring during the Avatrombopag Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Clinical Development Program.

#2086. Poster presentationSession: 311. Sunday, 12 December, 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM ET.

Rationale and Design of an Observational Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Use and Effectiveness of Avatrombopag in Adult Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: The Adopt Study.

#4210.Online publication in November issue of Blood.

Rationale and Design of a Phase 3b Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial with an Open-Label Extension Phase to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia.

#4211.Online publication in November issue of Blood.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Gamifant (emapalumab)

Safety of Emapalumab in Pediatric Patients with Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): Relationship to Treatment Exposure.

#2061. Poster presentation.Session: 201Sunday, 12 December, 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM ET.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and Other Clinical Conditions Treated with Emapalumab: The Real-HLH Study Design

#4991. Online publication in November issue of Blood.

Macrophage activation syndrome

Gamifant (emapalumab)

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Soy Extract Market Research Report by Type, by Application, by Region – Global Forecast to 2026 – Cumulative Impact of COVID-19 – Yahoo Finance

Posted: at 9:54 pm

Soy Extract Market Research Report by Type (Flavonoids, Phytochemicals, and Phytosterols), by Application (Animal Nutrition, Functional Food & Beverages, and Personal Care), by Region (Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2026 - Cumulative Impact of COVID-19

New York, Nov. 04, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Soy Extract Market Research Report by Type, by Application, by Region - Global Forecast to 2026 - Cumulative Impact of COVID-19" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06178485/?utm_source=GNW

The Global Soy Extract Market size was estimated at USD 7,621.68 million in 2020 and expected to reach USD 8,270.28 million in 2021, at a CAGR 8.84% to reach USD 12,676.02 million by 2026.

Market Statistics:The report provides market sizing and forecast across five major currencies - USD, EUR GBP, JPY, and AUD. It helps organization leaders make better decisions when currency exchange data is readily available. In this report, the years 2018 and 2019 are considered historical years, 2020 as the base year, 2021 as the estimated year, and years from 2022 to 2026 are considered the forecast period.

Market Segmentation & Coverage:This research report categorizes the Soy Extract to forecast the revenues and analyze the trends in each of the following sub-markets:

Based on Type, the market was studied across Flavonoids, Phytochemicals, Phytosterols, and Polyphenols.

Based on Application, the market was studied across Animal Nutrition, Functional Food & Beverages, Personal Care, and Pharmaceuticals.

Based on Region, the market was studied across Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East & Africa. The Americas is further studied across Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and United States. The United States is further studied across California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The Asia-Pacific is further studied across Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The Europe, Middle East & Africa is further studied across France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, United Arab Emirates, and United Kingdom.

Cumulative Impact of COVID-19:COVID-19 is an incomparable global public health emergency that has affected almost every industry, and the long-term effects are projected to impact the industry growth during the forecast period. Our ongoing research amplifies our research framework to ensure the inclusion of underlying COVID-19 issues and potential paths forward. The report delivers insights on COVID-19 considering the changes in consumer behavior and demand, purchasing patterns, re-routing of the supply chain, dynamics of current market forces, and the significant interventions of governments. The updated study provides insights, analysis, estimations, and forecasts, considering the COVID-19 impact on the market.

Competitive Strategic Window:The Competitive Strategic Window analyses the competitive landscape in terms of markets, applications, and geographies to help the vendor define an alignment or fit between their capabilities and opportunities for future growth prospects. It describes the optimal or favorable fit for the vendors to adopt successive merger and acquisition strategies, geography expansion, research & development, and new product introduction strategies to execute further business expansion and growth during a forecast period.

FPNV Positioning Matrix:The FPNV Positioning Matrix evaluates and categorizes the vendors in the Soy Extract Market based on Business Strategy (Business Growth, Industry Coverage, Financial Viability, and Channel Support) and Product Satisfaction (Value for Money, Ease of Use, Product Features, and Customer Support) that aids businesses in better decision making and understanding the competitive landscape.

Market Share Analysis:The Market Share Analysis offers the analysis of vendors considering their contribution to the overall market. It provides the idea of its revenue generation into the overall market compared to other vendors in the space. It provides insights into how vendors are performing in terms of revenue generation and customer base compared to others. Knowing market share offers an idea of the size and competitiveness of the vendors for the base year. It reveals the market characteristics in terms of accumulation, fragmentation, dominance, and amalgamation traits.

Competitive Scenario:The Competitive Scenario provides an outlook analysis of the various business growth strategies adopted by the vendors. The news covered in this section deliver valuable thoughts at the different stage while keeping up-to-date with the business and engage stakeholders in the economic debate. The competitive scenario represents press releases or news of the companies categorized into Merger & Acquisition, Agreement, Collaboration, & Partnership, New Product Launch & Enhancement, Investment & Funding, and Award, Recognition, & Expansion. All the news collected help vendor to understand the gaps in the marketplace and competitors strength and weakness thereby, providing insights to enhance product and service.

Company Usability Profiles:The report profoundly explores the recent significant developments by the leading vendors and innovation profiles in the Global Soy Extract Market, including 3W Botanical Extract Inc., Alpro, Beiersdorf Australia Limited, Hebei Bonherb Technology Co., Ltd., Layn, Life Extension, Natrol, LLC, Novaforme, The Archer Daniels Midland Company, and Xian Changyue Phytochemistry Co., Ltd..

The report provides insights on the following pointers:1. Market Penetration: Provides comprehensive information on the market offered by the key players2. Market Development: Provides in-depth information about lucrative emerging markets and analyze penetration across mature segments of the markets3. Market Diversification: Provides detailed information about new product launches, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments4. Competitive Assessment & Intelligence: Provides an exhaustive assessment of market shares, strategies, products, certification, regulatory approvals, patent landscape, and manufacturing capabilities of the leading players5. Product Development & Innovation: Provides intelligent insights on future technologies, R&D activities, and breakthrough product developments

The report answers questions such as:1. What is the market size and forecast of the Global Soy Extract Market?2. What are the inhibiting factors and impact of COVID-19 shaping the Global Soy Extract Market during the forecast period?3. Which are the products/segments/applications/areas to invest in over the forecast period in the Global Soy Extract Market?4. What is the competitive strategic window for opportunities in the Global Soy Extract Market?5. What are the technology trends and regulatory frameworks in the Global Soy Extract Market?6. What is the market share of the leading vendors in the Global Soy Extract Market?7. What modes and strategic moves are considered suitable for entering the Global Soy Extract Market?Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06178485/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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Life Extension, Ultra Prostate Formula, 60 Softgels

Posted: October 30, 2021 at 3:05 pm

Ultra Prostate Formula is our best prostate supplement because its packed with ingredients like beta-sitosterol and saw palmetto to promote healthy prostate function, healthy urine flow and more.

Its essential for men to maintain prostate health as they age. Ultra Prostate Formula delivers a dozen complementary ingredients that support prostate cell health and healthy urination patterns, help maintain hormone balance, promote a healthy inflammatory response and more.

Ultra Prostate Formula Benefits

What is the health benefit of saw palmetto?

Saw Palmetto berry (Serenoa repens) is rich in the bioactive compound beta-sitosterol, which has been found to help maintain urinary health.

What is pygeum?

An extract of the African cherry tree, pygeum contains the botanical compound beta-sitosterol and supports healthy urination patterns.

Comprehensive Prostate Health Support

Ultra Prostate Formula addresses the most important factors for prostate health: maintaining already healthy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, promoting healthy prostate size and function, inhibiting inflammatory factors to support prostate health, supporting healthy urination patterns and helping to maintain hormone balance in order to protect sensitive prostate cells.

Supporting healthy prostate size and cell structure

LycopeneAn antioxidant carotenoid that promotes healthy prostate size and function.

BoronA trace mineral, boron supports healthy hormone metabolism.

Saw palmetto CO2 extractThis extract delivers a standardized dose of Serenoa repens, which supports healthy urination and helps maintain healthy prostate structure and function.

Inhibits inflammatory factors to promote healthy urination

AprsFlex 5-LOX is an enzyme that transforms fatty acids into inflammatory factors. This ultra-absorbable boswellia extract inhibits 5-LOX activity at the cellular level.

Graminex Flower Pollen Extract This concentrated pollen extract promotes a healthy inflammatory response

PygeumAn extract of the African cherry tree, pygeum contains the botanical compound beta-sitosterol and supports healthy urination patterns.

Beta-sitosterol and pumpkin seedOur formula has additional beta-sitosterol (from pine), as well as pumpkin seed oil to complement the effects of its saw palmetto and pygeum extracts.

PhospholipidsDerived from sunflowers, phospholipids have numerous health benefits and help your body absorb the other active compounds of this formula.

Maintaining healthy hormone levels

Prostate cells are sensitive to both male and female hormones (testosterone and estrogen). So, weve included potent botanicals to help promote healthy prostate hormone metabolism.

Flax seed and Norway spruceThis proprietary combination of standardized lignans from flax seed and Norway spruce knotwood convert to enterolactone once ingested. Enterolactone helps support healthy hormone metabolism and prostate cell division.

Stinging and dwarf nettle rootNettle extract supports prostate and urinary health.

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Life Extension, Ultra Prostate Formula, 60 Softgels

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UK Watchkeeper TUAV mid-life extension to come on line in 2026 – Jane’s

Posted: at 3:05 pm

28 October 2021

by Dmitry Fediushko

The Ataka-Shorokh (right) and Ataka-DBS (left) C-UAV systems. (Dmitry Fediushko)

Russia's Ataka-Shorokh acoustic detector of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has completed factory trials, state corporation Rostec announced in October.

The system has fully completed its factory acceptance trials, which confirmed its functioning, including under harsh weather conditions, said Rostec.

The Ataka-Shorokh station is equipped with microphones and features software to analyse the environment and detect approaching UAVs. According to Rostec, the device was tested both separately and as a part of the Ataka-DBS and Ataka-Trophy counter-unmanned aerial vehicle (C-UAV) systems.

When integrated with the Ataka-DBS, the Ataka-Shorokh acoustically detects a UAV at distances between 150 and 500 m, and the main system can then jam the UAV's satellite navigation datalink. As part of a multilayer security network, the device can cue cameras to focus on the noise source.

The Ataka-DBS mast-mounted C-UAV system detects UAVs and suppresses their control, datalink, and navigation channels at distances of up to 1,500 m. It has a modular structure and can integrate additional jamming modules.

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Gruyere to dive deeper with mine-life extension – Australian Mining

Posted: at 3:05 pm

Image: Gold Road Resources

The Gruyere gold mine in Western Australia is set to become one of the deepest open cut gold mines in Australia as Gold Fields and Gold Road Resources plot an extension of the joint venture mines life.

Through the design of an open pit comprising two additional mine stage areas, Gruyere will deepen to an approximate depth of 500 metres below the surface.

This will see the life of the open pit extended until 2032, as Gold Road and Gold Fields set their sights on an average gold production of 350,000 ounces per annum into the future.

It comes as the two companies announced updated ore reserves for Gruyere.

As of the end of September, the Gruyere open pit ore reserve totalled 110.4 million tonnes at 1.28 grams per tonne of gold for 4.54 million ounces.

This is a 31 per cent increase of 1.07 million ounces following the depletion of approximately 210,000 ounces during 2021.

This is a material increase in ore reserves that further establishes Gruyere as a Tier 1 gold mine, Gold Road managing director and chief executive officer Duncan Gibbs said.

The update is the culmination of multiple comprehensive high-quality studies undertaken by the Gruyere joint venture.

Between 2019 and 2021, Gold Road and Gold Fields have conducted extensive analysis into Gruyeres greater potential.

Following geotechnical drilling and analysis, Gruyere will see a steepening of its overall fresh rock slope angles by four degrees. Metallurgical drilling and test work has confirmed consistent wealth within the orebody at depth.

Gold Road and Gold Fields will look at implementing two independent dual lane ramping systems to support Gruyeres deepening, enabling increased operational flexibility.

Options studies have been completed to assess potential expansions of tailings storage capacity to meet the increased mine production.

Gruyere produced 59,371 ounces of gold (on a 100 per cent basis) in the September quarter, an increase from 53,132 ounces in the three months prior.

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Why the Air Force Needs the Fighting Falcon – The National Interest

Posted: at 3:05 pm

The Mitchell Institute of Aerospace Studies recently published a study that recommends the rapid retirement and divestiture of the Air Forces fourth-generation fighter jets.

Despite calling for wholly divesting those fourth-generation platforms, the study, titled theFuture Fighter Force Our Nation Requires: Building a Bridge, recommends that the Air Force keep large numbers of the F-16 Fighting Falcon. Why? One pressing reason, apart from the fact that it costs less to operate a Fighting Falcon when compared with fifth-generation platforms, may relate to the success of the Fighting Falcon modernization program and its service life extension program (SLEP).

Todays Fighting Falcon dates back as far as the 1970s, a circumstance that raises questions as to how the combat aircraft has sustained its combat relevance and performance intotodays modernand vastly moresubstantialthreat environment.The SLEP improved the upper wing skin and fittings. Additionally, it adjusted the bulkhead and canopy.

Part of the equation relates to an effort to integrate some of the F-35 fighter jets technologies into the Fighting Falcon such as an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar.The radar allows the Fighting Falcon to find, detect and track enemy threats at greater ranges. SLEP is expected to extend the flight time of Fighting Falcons from roughly six thousand to seven thousand flight hours all the way to eight thousand or more flight hours. On top of that, the upgrades have prompted the Air Force to have the Fighting Falcon fly up to twelve thousand hours. Lockheed Martin, which developed the AESA radar, claims it can track as many as twenty targets at one time, a scenario that allows the Fighting Flacon to be more effective inmajor-power warfare.

Thus, the AESA radar is a massive upgrade beyond themechanically-scannedradar previously carried by the Fighting Falcons. The AESA radar can scan in a 360-degree sphere that includes horizontal, vertical and diagonal vectors. In recent years, the Fighting Falcon has received new cockpit avionics such as moving map displays, video in the cockpit, digital graphics screens and new target tracking systems. Upgraded Fighting Falcons use a high level of onboard automation designed to free up a pilots workload.

Its notable that Lockheed Martin isnt only focused on these upgrades. The company has been building a new F-16VViper variant that uses new computers, software,a high-definition cockpit display. Also, the V model comes with a new data bus, electronic warfare suite, missile warning sensor and helmet-mounted cueing system. This is the technical starting point for Lockheed Martins next-generation F-21, which will be specifically built for India. The F-21 will have the AESA radar and anext-generation targeting systemknown as Infrared Search and Track (IRST) technology. IRST, which is used extensively in F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jets, is a passive, long-range sensor that searches for and detects infrared emissions. Much like the AESA, the IRST can track multiple targets at once and operate in an electromagnetic warfare environment. IRST is a passive, long-range sensor, that will allow the Fighting Falcon to conduct air-to-air targeting.

These innovative upgrades to the Fighting Falcon might not enable it to rival Russian or Chinese fifth-generation stealth fighter jets. Still, these upgrades may explain why the study recommends holding on to the Fighting Falcons.

Kris Osborn is the defense editor for the National Interest. Osborn previously served at the Pentagon as a Highly Qualified Expert with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the ArmyAcquisition, Logistics & Technology. Osborn has also worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks. He has appeared as a guest military expert on Fox News, MSNBC, The Military Channel, and The History Channel. He also has aMasters Degreein Comparative Literature from Columbia University.

Image: Reuters

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