Category Archives: Hubble Telescope

Later this year, the James Webb Telescope will be launched into space. With its large gold-coated mirror and infrared capability, the telescope will examine the formation of the first galaxies.

The universe is thought to be about 13.8 billion years old, and the James Webb Telescope (Webb) was built to see the birth of the first stars and galaxies.

Looking back in time, Webb will measure light from distant celestial bodies in the universe. Light travels at a speed of about 300,000 kilometers per second, but the light to be examined comes from celestial bodies so distant that it was still being sent for several billion years.

As the universe expands, the light moving in the universe is pulled out and has a longer wavelength. And if a celestial body moves away from the Earth at the same time as it is radiating toward us, then the wavelengths are being pulled out as well.

This means that the light webb should be measured toward and within the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, it becomes Redshift. So the web is primarily built to observe infrared light and has a sensitivity of wavelengths between 600-28500nm.

The sun, earth, moon and even the telescope itself can create background noise in the measurements because the thermal radiation from these measurements is present in the infrared. So Webb has a great heat shield 300 square meters It is protection from thermal radiation. It consists of five layers, as thick as plastic sheets, separated from each other to avoid the transfer of heat from one layer to another.

The Webb Heat Shield gives a warm and cool side. The warm side, always facing the sun, should maintain a temperature of around 85 C. Here you will find, among other things, a computer, antennas, and a satellite controller.

The cold side, shielded from the sun and directed at the universe, should maintain a temperature of about -233 degrees Celsius. On the cold side, detectors and scientific instruments are available, including the large gold-plated 6.5-meter mirror that will collect light.

The main mirror It consists of 18 hexagonal gold-plated sub-mirrors made of beryllium. The concave mirror measures 25.4 square meters and can be folded together for easy portability to space. The telescope also has a secondary and a tertiary curved mirror to reduce imaging errors.

Unlike Webb, Hubble mainly measures visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. The infrared capability gives Webb an opportunity to look back in time and see new phenomena that Hubble could not notice. The Hubble Telescope orbits Earth at a distance of 570 kilometers, which is what allows the astronauts to do so Servant Telescope several times since its launch in 1990.

Webb will be transported 1.5 million km and will be traded around another storage range point (L2). L2 is one of the five points where gravity from the Earth and the Sun take each other. This means that smaller objects, such as Webb, can have the same orbital period around the sun as the Earth. This also means that Webb and the Earth will be relatively constant with respect to each other, and the telescope can then look at the universe with the heat shield facing the interior constantly toward the sun and the earth.

One of the 18 sub-mirrors that make up the main mirror. Photo: Drew Noel

Another telescope besides Hubble paved the way for Web it Spitzerteleskopet, Also an infrared telescope orbiting L2. The Spitzer is cooled by liquid helium to avoid background noise and has a sensitivity to a different wavelength range than Webb. The telescope experiments that were discontinued in January 2020 have given an increased understanding of how research is being conducted with infrared telescopes.

Like Spitzer, Webb will study exoplanets and their atmospheres. Use Spectrum Webb will determine the content of planets atmospheres. When an exoplanet passes in front of a star, some of the light that reaches the web passes through the planets atmosphere. Different materials in the atmosphere absorb light in different wavelengths. By measuring the absorption lines, the wavelengths at which the light intensity is lower, it is possible to determine what the atmosphere contains.

Webb will be launched with an Ariane 5 missile from French Guiana on October 31, 2021, according to the current plan. During launch, the heat shield and mirrors fold out.

It is then revealed in stages on its way to the telescopes orbit at L2. There are several steps that must work in order for the telescope to end in place and be able to begin collecting data.

Gran Ostlin is Professor of Astronomy at Stockholm University and investigates galaxies. In his research, he relied heavily on images from Hubble, and looked at measurement data from the Web.

It will be very exciting. The one Ive used the most so far is Hubble. The Hubble Telescope is great for the micrometer in the wavelength, and Webb will be able to see much longer wavelengths. There is a lot that can happen within these wavelength ranges. The advantage of infrared radiation is that the gas in galaxies becomes more transparent. Gran Ostlin says interstellar dust absorbs less infrared radiation, so it will be easy to see what is happening.

The telescope with the main mirror is folded and the heat shield evolves. Photo: NASA / Chris Jan

It has been many years since construction of the telescope began and the launch has been delayed several times. This does not mean, however, that the technology in the telescope is outdated.

The technology found in James Webb is technology that was available and mature in the early twentieth century. If they had started ten years later, in 2010, they would have chosen other technical solutions. But at the same time, there are many other benefits of being in space, which cannot be compensated from the Earth where the atmosphere is blocked, so a telescope would be very good. When it comes to space, you usually dont take the latest developments, you want mature technology. It should be space-qualified, that is, it underwent several tests in a space environment, says Gran Ostlin.

What do you think will be the most we learn from the James Webb measurements?

Maybe something we didnt expect before. These are the experiences we have from previous telescopes. We have some ideas of what we should be able to do with Webb, but the big driving force is that you should be able to look further than any other telescope, says Gran Ostlin.

There are points in space where the gravitational pull of the sun and the earth takes on each other. A smaller object, such as a satellite, placed in orbit around one of these points could maintain the relative position of both the sun and the Earth. These points are called storage ranges.

There are five storage ranges. Points are solutions to the finite three-body problem and are named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, who found the last two points in the 18th century.

Webb will be transported 1.5 million km to the second storage range point (L2). In L2, Webb will follow the Earths orbit around the Sun. The grid and the Earth will be fixed relative to each other, which means that the telescope can look at the universe with the heat shield facing inward toward the sun and the earth.

Read more:
The James Webb Telescope will see the beginning of time - DealMakerz

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has snapped a stunning photo of the Veil Nebula in more exquisite detail than ever before.

The new image, released by NASA on April 2, was captured using new processing techniques that highlight small details like the nebula's delicate thread and filaments of ionized gas, NASA said in a statement. Observations were taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 using five different filters. New post-processing methods were used to further enhance emissions from doubly ionized oxygen (seen in the image in blue), ionized hydrogen and ionized nitrogen (seen in red).

This is not the first time the Veil Nebula has been featured in a Hubble image release. The space telescope captured a less detailed, but still beautiful image of the nebula in 2017. The Veil Nebula exists about 2,100 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus, the swan, which makes it relatively close to Earth compared to other astronomical objects, NASA said in the statement.

Related: Hubble snaps breathtaking views of colorful Veil Nebula

The Veil Nebula is part of the nearby Cygnus Loop, which is a remnant of a supernova created about 10,000 years ago by the death of a star 20 times the mass of our sun. The cataclysmic release of energy following the star's death resulted in the Veil Nebula's delicate filaments of ionized gas.

Although only a small portion of the nebula was captured in this Hubble image, you can see larger glimpses of the nebula in Hubble's Caldwell Catalog.

Follow Kasandra Brabaw on Twitter @KassieBrabaw. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Hubble telescope reveals a gorgeous, detailed new view of the Veil Nebula - Space.com

Get ready to marvel at yet another beautiful image of our universe! The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently shared a stunning image of a sparkling cluster of young stars only about 1-2 million years old. This cluster of stars is named Westerlund 2.

SEE ALSO: NASA Hubble Telescope Captures A Beautiful Evil Eye Galaxy In The Sky!

The image has been shared by NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory official Instagram page. Ever since its posting, the image has received over 45,000 likes and 100 comments. The caption for this beautiful image states, located roughly 20,000 light-years from Earth in Carina, Westerlund 2 is a cluster of young stars only about 1-2 million years old. This spectacular image, combining X-ray light from Chandra & visible light from @NASAHubble, spans approximately 44 light-years from side to side and sparkles with the light of more than 3,000 stars. Check it out:

Needless to say but the image has left people completely awestruck! One user commented Stunning. The universe is amazing!. Another user commented, very inspiring! NASA Hubble site states that the image resembles an exploding aerial shell in a fireworks display and we couldnt agree more! It has been captured by Hubbles Wide Field Camera 3 that observed the dusty veil in near-infrared light, giving astronomers a clearer view of the nebula.

It further explains that this stunning image reveals a fantasy landscape of pillars, ridges, and valleys. The pillars, composed of dense gas, are resisting erosion from the fierce radiation and powerful winds. These gaseous monoliths are a few light-years tall and point to the central cluster. They may be incubators for new stars. Other dense regions surround the pillars, including reddish-brown filaments of dense gas and dust.

If you want to keep tabs on more such amazing images of our universe, make sure you follow the NASA Chandra and Hubble page on Instagram!

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See Pic: NASA Chandra Shares Beautiful Image Of A Cluster Of Young Stars Thats About 2 Million Years Old! - Mashable India

LEGO has far surpassed being simply a kids building block that sparks creativity, adults love LEGO just as much due to their nostalgic nature and the ability to build whatever you want, only limited to your imagination. LEGO has celebrated NASA before, and they continue grandly with the Space Shuttle Discovery and Hubble Telescope set.

Developed hand in hand with NASA, the LEGO Space Shuttle Discovery and Hubble Telescope set helms more than 2,350 pieces for a highly detailed, scaled reproduction of the real thing. As a 1:70 scale model of the shuttle, and telescope, the unit even has moving parts.

Retractable landing gear, payload bay doors, a robotic arm, tailerons, rudder, and a removable cockpit. With the cockpit out of the way, the builder can look directly into the flight deck.

The payload doors open to reveal, and deploy the Hubble Telescope, just as the real Discovery launched back in April 1990 on the STS-31 mission. The set retails for $199, and you can cop this and other historic model sets at LEGO.

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LEGO Introduces the 1:70 Scale Model of the Space Shuttle Discovery and Hubble Telescope - stupidDOPE.com

Katharine Hayhoe, a renowned Texas Tech climate change researcher and mother of a 13-year-old son, Gavin, is certain of this: a mother's love can fuel the charge to care for the planet and stop climate change.

"The most important thing to us, as mothers, is the future of our kids, and climate change affects that future," she tells PEOPLE in this week's issue. "It affects the air our kids breathe and the food they eat."

In January, Hayhoe, who is joining the Nature Conservancy as chief scientist, and seven other scientist-moms launched Science Moms (sciencemoms.com), a nonprofit dedicated to providing global warming facts and simple, quick action steps to help save the planet, including a reading list of books for kids, and ways to talk to your family about climate change.

"I think it's so important to have moms talking to moms because we understand there is no time to waste with things that don't really make a difference," she says. "We have to cut to the chase."

For more on Earth Day, pick up the latest issue of PEOPLE, on newsstands Friday, or subscribe here.

LEXEY SWALL/The New York Times/Redux Katharine Hayhoe

"The number one thing any of us can do," she adds, "is use our voices to advocate for change. It's not too late to avoid the worst impacts if we act now."

Hayhoe is also an evangelical Christian (her husband is a pastor) and an Earth-loving believer.

"I am a climate scientist because I am a Christian," she says. "If you take the Bible seriously, in Genesis it says God gave humans responsibility over every living thing on this planet. It talks about God's love and care for the tiniest and most minute aspects of nature."

RELATED: What Is Earth Day and Why Do We Celebrate?

Growing up in Ontario, Canada, the daughter of a science teacher dad, Hayhoe loved learning how the universe works. She was set on becoming an astrophysicist "I just think it's incredible we can build the Hubble telescope to study the far reaches of the universe, that just blows me away," she says until taking a college class in climate science, and learning the dire effects of the warming of the earth.

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That "really changed the whole trajectory of my life," she says. "I mean, if the whole temperature of the planet was warming by two or three or four degrees, but that was the only thing that was happening, so what?"

RELATED VIDEO: Easy Things You Should Do to Help the Planet, from Filling Your Fridge to Raking Your Leaves

"But it is messing with our weather, creating what I call global weirding. We see that hurricanes are getting bigger and stronger, wildfires are burning more area, floods are getting much more devastating, the sea level's rising," she says. "And this affects literally our food, it affects our water, it affects the safety of our homes."

Hayhoe's advocacy includes authoring books; her latest, Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World, is out in September.

"To care about climate change we often feel like we have to be a certain type of person, like an environmentalist or a tree hugger," she says. "But the reality is, every single one of us already has all the reasons we need to care."

Originally posted here:
Scientist Rallies Fellow Moms to Save the Planet: The 'Most Important Thing' Is Our Kids' Future - Yahoo Entertainment

NASA Hubble Space telescope is always sharing new and exciting images of our beautiful universe. NASA Hubble official Instagram page recently shared a breathtaking view of hills and valleys in the star-forming region NGC 3324, roughly 7,200 light-years away.

SEE ALSO: Watch: NASA Hubble Shares A Twinkling Video Of A Faraway Galaxy GN-z11!

The caption for the image states Travel over cosmic hills and valleys in this breathtaking #HubbleClassic view of the star-forming region NGC 3324, roughly 7,200 light-years away. Each dark tower of dust and gas you see actually spans light-years in height!

Ever since its posting, the image has received over 29,000 likes, 98,000 views, and 100 comments. NASA states that NGC 3324 is located at the northwest corner of the Carina Nebula (NGC 3372), home of the Keyhole Nebula and the active, outbursting star Eta Carinae. The entire Carina Nebula complex is located at a distance of roughly 7,200 light-years and lies in the constellation Carina.

SEE ALSO: NASA Hubble Telescope Captures A Beautiful Evil Eye Galaxy In The Sky!

The video shows a "landscape" image from the cosmos of a star-forming region with "hills and valleys" of gas and dust displayed in intricate detail. NASA describes that the image has been set amid a backdrop of soft, glowing blue light are wispy tendrils of gas and dark trunks of dust that are light-years in height.

SEE ALSO: NASA Puts Hubble Space Telescope Into Safe Mode Due To A Mysterious Software Bug!

The image also shows a three-dimensional-looking Hubble image where you can clearly see the edge of the giant gaseous cavity within the star-forming region called NGC 3324. The glowing nebula has been carved out by intense ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds from several hot, young stars.

Image used is for representation purpose only

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NASA Hubble Shares Breathtaking View Of Star-Forming Region NGC 3324 Located 7,200 Light Years Away! - Mashable India

Image credits: Chandra Deep Field South/YouTube.

The sound of music, the sound of oceans and the wind, the sound of birds, humans, traffic we know these well enough. But what does the universe sound like? The logical part of you would immediately react, it sounds like nothing! because space is a vacuum and no sound can travel through there. While technically correct, modern technology can make the most improbable be possible. Using the process of data sonification, NASA is turning dry, lifeless data from black holes, galaxies, and stars into soulful music. NASA has turned three very diverse cosmic pictures into sounds. The data obtained by NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes was used for this beautiful project. Those used to seeing these beautiful images obtained by NASA and their various array of telescopes can now have multiple sensory involvements by listening to the data as well.

The first of these sonic data images is of the region which NASA astronomers identify as Chandra Deep Field South. This is the deepest image ever taken in X-rays, representing over seven million seconds of Chandra observing time, NASA wrote on their website. The colourful dots on the screen are actually black holes or galaxies. Some are supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies. Each colour is denoted with a note reds are low tones, purples are higher. White light is just white noise. Using various frequencies, the full range of the region as observed by Chandra X-Rays can be understood. When it is played, the image is scanned upward and is helpful in distinguishing positions of the various sources from left to right.

Experience it yourself here.

Another way to do data sonification is in a radar form, like NASA did for Cats Eye Nebula. Its a Sun-like giant star thats run out of helium to burn and blowing off huge clouds of gas and dust. The data is from Chandra X-Ray and the visible data is from Hubble Telescope.Lights toward the edge has higher pitch and bright light is louder. The X-ray data has a harsher sound whereas the visible light data sounds are smoother. NASA also sonified data of Messier 51 (M51) galaxy with data from Spitzer, Hubble, GALEX, and Chandra.

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What Do Black Holes Sound Like? NASA's Chandra Telescope Has Sonified Sounds of the Universe - News18

NASA revealed recently that scientists have found evidence with the help of NASA Hubble Space telescope that a planet orbiting a distant star may have lost its atmosphere and gained a second one through volcanic activity.

"It's super exciting because we believe the atmosphere that we see now was regenerated, so it could be a secondary atmosphere," said study co-author Raissa Estrela of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.

"We first thought that these highly irradiated planets could be pretty boring because we believed that they lost their atmospheres. But we looked at existing observations of this planet with Hubble and said, 'Oh no, there is an atmosphere there.'"

SEE ALSO: NASA Hubble Telescope Captures A Beautiful Evil Eye Galaxy In The Sky!

NASA states that the planet GJ 1132 b is hypothesized to have begun as a gaseous world with a thick hydrogen blanket of atmosphere. Starting out at several times the diameter of Earth, this so-called "sub-Neptune" is believed to have quickly lost its primordial hydrogen and helium atmosphere because of the intense radiation of the hot, young star it orbits.

Astronomers were really surprised to find that Hubble observed an atmosphere which, according to their theory, is a "secondary atmosphere". Scientists used a combination of direct observational evidence and inference with the help of computer modeling and found out that the atmosphere comprises molecular hydrogen, hydrogen cyanide, methane and also contains an aerosol haze. Moreover, modeling suggests the aerosol haze is based on photochemically produced hydrocarbons thats similar to smog on Earth.

The team of scientists working on this new discovery will publish their findings in an upcoming issue of The Astronomical Journal.

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NASA Hubble Space Telescope Reveals A Distant Planet May Be On Its Second Atmosphere - Mashable India

Using NASAs Hubble telescope, astronomers have observed an exoplanet that may have had two completely separate atmospheres in its lifetime. The exoplanet (that is, a planet outside our solar system), currently has an atmosphere gassed into existence from volcanoes and a roiling surface. But astronomers think some of that same atmosphere had a previous life; long before it was sucked into the planets mantle in the first place.

CNN reported on the discovery, which NASA recently announced. The astronomers say they used Hubble to observe the planet indirectly, detecting its atmospheric fingerprints thanks to the way they distort the light coming from its parent star.

The planetwhich has the ever-showy moniker, GJ 1132 borbits inside a star system 41 light-years away. And basically sounds like Mustafar from Star Wars.

Thanks to the gravitational pull from its parent star, as well as a nearby planet, GJ 1132 b is constantly subjected to tidal forces. That is, the gravitational pulls of both its parent star and the nearby planet are simultaneously tugging on GJ 1132, causing its crust to crack, its mantle to churn, and all of the subsequent volcanic activity. Which includes the outgassing of hydrogen, hydrogen cyanide, methane, and an aerosol haze.

NASA Goddard

In the planets past, however, the hydrogen from that toxic mix had another life as a blanket around GJ 1132. Using computer modeling, the astronomers think its likely GJ 1132 was once a sub-Neptune planet; that is a planet with a smaller radius than Neptune, but a larger mass. During this period of its life, it had an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. But, thanks to the heat from its parent star, the helium blew off into space. The hydrogen, on the other hand, likely made its way into the planets magma mantle.

NASA says this is the first time astronomers have detected a secondary atmosphere on a planet outside of our solar system. Although well have to wait for the upcoming launch of the James Webb Telescope to observe GJ1132 directly. Using Webbs infrared vision, the astronomers think theyll even be able to see down to the planets surface. Which probably looks like an endless landscape of volcanoes and lava rivers. I.e. a great place to have a lightsaber duel.

NASA Goddard

Feature image: NASA, ESA, and R. Hurt (IPAC/Caltech)

Excerpt from:
Hubble Eyes Planet Thats Had Multiple Atmospheres - Nerdist

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope is "on its last legs" after scientists discovered faulty gear while carrying out checks following a computer glitch.

Scientists uncovered a safety door that had failed to close and a camera had been taken offline after the IT error saw Hubble enter "safe mode" on Sunday.

The space telescope, which has helped find black holes and determine the age of the universe since going into Earth's orbit in 1990, returned to operational mode in the early hours of Friday.

Space expert Neel Patel has said the glitch showed the historic telescope was on its "last legs".

He wrote in MIT Technology Review: "Sundays announcement does once again remind us that Hubble is old! It's three decades of service are more than anyone expected, and the telescope is on its last legs from here. How much longer does the observatory really have, and what happens when its finally gone?"

Space Telescope Science Institutes director Kenneth Sembach has predicted the Hubble could keep going until 2025.

Last April he wrote: "Being realistic, I think Hubbles got a good five years left. And were operating the observatory in a way meant to keep it scientifically productive out to 2025. Does this mean well get to 2025? No, something could go wrong tomorrow. This is the space business, after all. But, then again, maybe we could get to 2030."

A statement for the US space agency said: "Hubble entered safe mode on Sunday, March 7, shortly after 4 a.m. EST, following detection of a software error within the spacecrafts main computer.

"The mission operations team at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center identified the software error in an enhancement recently uploaded to the spacecraft to help compensate for fluctuations from one of its gyroscopes.

"The team will update the software enhancement so the fix can be uploaded to the spacecraft in the future. In the meantime, the enhancement will be prohibited from being used.

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"In entering safe mode on Sunday, however, the team discovered that the aperture door located at the top of the telescope failed to automatically close."

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NASA's Hubble telescope 'on its last legs' as faulty gear found in IT glitch - Daily Star