Category Archives: History

Brian Charltons talk at the Rostraver Township Historical Society uses a small picture to look at a much larger one.

[I] talk on the lives of the residents in the Mon Valley during the Civil War to tell the story of that much broader subject, Charlton said. I like to call it history from the bottom up.

In his talk hosted by Rostraver Township Historical Society March 8, he discussed Mon Valley residents such as Charles Fell Anderson and Samuel Harvey and covered other Civil War-era residents in the area from Mon City to Beallsville.

[I] discuss how Anderson and Harvey both came to join the Ringgold Calvary, in stories more circuitous than most, he said.

The Ringgold Calvary itself got a good deal of attention in the talk. Named for Major Samuel Ringgold, a hero of the Mexican War killed at the battle of Palo Alto, the calvary formed in 1847 at the onset of the Mexican War. It continued through 1865 when the Civil War ended.

Probably the only people from the Mexican War more famous than Ringgold were Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie and General Winfield Scott, Charlton said. There are over two dozen towns, counties and school districts across the U.S. named after Ringgold.

The speaker also mentioned two songs written about Ringgold and traditionally plans to sing a section of one of them, The Death of Major Ringgold.

One of the soldiers to join the calvary, Adam Wickersham, owned property in the Monongahela area on which Eldora Park was eventually built. Wickersham was the only one to serve during the entire existence of the calvary. He mustered with Company A at the National Hotel in Beallsville in June 1861, then marched on to Grafton, Virginia, now West Virginia.

He is one of the soldiers most written about, Charlton said. Wickersham joined the calvary at the age of 16, never swore nor drank and was considered one of the toughest in Company A.

Charlton uses newspaper accounts, biographies and memoirs to research his talk, like that of Joseph Abell, who lived in Charleroi and suffered from a wound that never healed and PTSD. Sadly, he ended up taking his own life.

Another soldier, William Harvey Crago, became a bugler in the Ringgold Calvary and, after the war, returned to the Carmichaels area to become a farmer. According to Charlton, he eventually went blind but still managed to keep bees and manage the family farm.

Charlton, a now-retired social science and history teacher for the Belle Vernon School District, is also a member of the Donora Historical Society. The Society has such great archives that Im now able to talk on 18 different subjects everything from Stan Musial and Cement City to the 1948 Killer Smog Disaster and the African-American and religious experiences in the area.

His March 8 talk was the fourth time Charlton has addressed members of the Rostraver Township Historical Society, the last being an October talk on the 1948 Smog Disaster.

Several years ago, he spoke on the circuit of the Carnegie Library System when he talked at each branch library. Hes also presented at the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at the University of Pittsburgh.

As to the Rostraver Township Historical Society, it was founded in 1995 and has a current membership of around 300 members. Annual dues are $20, with family memberships offered at $25 and lifetime memberships at $300.

Meetings are held the second Thursday of the month, usually with a speaker included, except in December when a special presentation on the anniversary of the Darr Mine Disaster takes place.

The Darr Mine Disaster [of Dec. 19, 1907] is the largest mine disaster in the state of Pennsylvania, where 239 miners died, said John Hepple, president.

For more information on the society, contact 724-396-4599.

See the rest here:

Civil war talk focuses on history from the bottom up - Observer-Reporter

As published in the Chicago Daily News, sister publication of the Chicago Sun-Times:

The best journalism of the civil rights era sparked action. Photos of Emmett Tills beaten body in 1955 inspired Rosa Parks to remain in her bus seat months after the image ran in Jet magazine.

It also stopped white readers from tuning out and turning away. Tills graphic photos and the video of police beating Selma peaceful protesters in 1965 stopped white audiences from explaining away racist brutality as isolated incidents or worst-case scenarios in the Jim Crow South.

In the summer of 1964, the Chicago Daily News embarked on a mission to show city readers what racism looked like in Mississippi. It sent reporter Nicholas von Hoffman to the state for six weeks to capture an accurate portrait of a state and its people, white and black, who are playing a major role in the greatest domestic crisis now facing the nation, the paper described in an advertisement for the series on Aug. 1, 1964, the day that Part I dropped.

Von Hoffmans crisscrossing eventually landed him at the home of civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer in Ruleville on the west side of the state on the Mississippi Delta. Hamer, who died March 14, 1977, sat on her front porch for the interview near a big pecan tree that she loves in the front yard, he later described in Part II, which debuted on Sept. 25, 1964. She met his gaze with warm eyes, but her large dark brown features seem worn with a passion that is too exhausting for her body.

The first time I remember not being satisfied was when I was a small kid, she began. My family picked 60 bales of cotton, but we had no shoes. The white people had shoes; we was workin; they wasnt. They had food; we had none. Oh Lord, how I wished I was white.

By this time, the nation knew Hamers name well. She had been on national television at the Democratic National Convention, where she spoke forcefully: Righteousness exalts a nation, sin is a reproach. During that broadcast, recapped in an Aug. 24, 1964 Daily News article, she described being arrested and beaten by Mississippi police as she and several others returned from a voter education workshop. Her vivid description shocked viewers.

But for all the bravery she showed and the fame she experienced, those things brought little money to the Hamer household and often cost her dearly.

Hamers husband is unskilled and mostly unemployed, von Hoffman wrote. He lost several jobs due to his wifes work.

We women have no chance to be women here, she told von Hoffman. Our education is poor, but the mens is worse. My husband says when they were boys they had to be out with sticks knocking the cotton stalks instead of being in school. It was so cold that hed put his feet where the cows would have been laying to get them warm.

As she spoke, a Confederate Air Force plane dropped low and buzzed right over her home, an action meant to intimidate. Von Hoffman noted that these planes could be seen all over the area. Farmers used them to spray a chemical called Folax from the planes, which would make the leaves on a cotton plant fall off so the mechanical pickers could harvest the white bolls without green stains. The industrialization led to a new tactic for intimidation and a real fear of unemployment for the Black men and women losing those jobs.

They do it all the time, Hamer said referring to the planes. It dont make no mind.

White Mississippians didnt try to hide their disdain for Hamer. They hate her in Mississippi, von Hoffman explained. At the Carriage House, Natchezs best restaurant, a grand dowager of a white woman at the next table says of her: That [expletive] woman from Ruleville is the best actress Ive ever seen.

A deputy sheriff von Hoffman met in Canton, Madison County, spat at the ground and said, Hell, that [expletive] wasnt never beaten the way she said on the TV.

During the summer of 1964, Hamer helped organize Freedom Summer, which brought hundreds of Black and white college students to the state to help run voter registrations for Black voters. Having the students around made things better this summer, Hamer told von Hoffman.

The students not only worked, but they also taught Hamer and many others about Black history, instilling a sense of pride in them.

We have a beautiful heritage, Hamer mused. We are the onliest people that have had one man to march through a mob to go to school. We are the onliest people to have our babies sold from our breasts...

See the original post here:

This week in history: Fannie Lou Hamer gives startling depiction of racism in Mississippi - Chicago Sun-Times

GREENVILLE, N.C. (Stacker.com) Mark the year 2059 on your calendarthats when data shows that women willfinally achieve equal payto their male counterparts.

Its hard to believe that closing the gender wage gap will take nearly a century after the Equal Pay Act was passed in 1963.In 1960, women only earned about61 cents for every $1 that a man took home, a number that ticked upto 82 cents by 2018but that still leaves another 18 cents to go overall.

The wage gap isworse for women of color: Among women working full-time jobs in the U.S., Black women are paid 62 cents, Native American women 57 cents, and Latinas 54 cents for every dollar paid to white men, according to the National Partnership for Women & Families.

Researchersblame the gender wage gapon a variety of reasons, ranging from differences in the industries women and men work in, racist hiring and discriminatory promotion practices, discrepancies in hours worked, job segregation, and years of experience. The government also does little to create policies making workplaces and institutions like schools more supportive of women.Systemic discrimination against working women in the U.S. has put them at a severe disadvantage since before the founding of the country.

The colonies enacted laws that prevented women workers frommaintaining control over their earningsas far back as 1769. A lack of suffrage prevented women from voting for politicians who could bring forth more equitable policies until 1920. Wage codes from the National Recovery Administration, established in 1933, set lower minimum wages for women than for men, even though they were performing the same work. To top it off, women continue to endure sexual harassment and assault in the workplace and takeon the second shift of being both workers and mothers, just as they have throughout American history.

Despite these struggles, women have managed to achieve plenty of success in their careers, becoming Fortune 500 CEOs and going to space.Stackerlooked at research from news outlets (Time, The New York Times, U.S. News & World Report, Entrepreneur), think tanks (McKinsey, the Brookings Institution), government agencies (the U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Labor, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, National Park Service), and organizations that focus on womens rights (TimesUp, Planned Parenthood) to learn about the history of women in the workplace. The resulting timeline shows both the challenges and triumphs of women climbing the corporate ladder and fighting for equity along the way.

Click through to learn more about American women in the workplace, from 1765 to today.

1 / 98Photo 12 // Getty Images

The Daughters of Liberty, the countrys earliestsociety of working women, was formed in 1765. They went on to demonstrate against the Stamp and Townshend acts.

2 / 98ClassicStock // Getty Images

The 13 colonies adopted English laws thatprevented female workersfrom keeping the income they earned in 1769. The system also banned women from owning property.

3 / 98Benjamin Blyth // Wikimedia Commons

Abigail Adams brought issues of gender equality to the White House in 1797. She emphasized the importance of educating girls and appealed forequal rights for women and men.

4 / 98The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Mary Kies of Connecticut became the first woman in the nation to begranted a patentin 1809. She received the patent for an innovative straw and silk braiding technique that advanced hat-making.

5 / 98GE Kidder Smith // Getty Images

More than100 young women weaversblocked entry to a Rhode Island textile mill in 1824, protesting their employers plan to cut wages and increase the length of the workday for women between 15 and 30 years old. The demonstration is considered the countrys first factory strike.

6 / 98Minnesota Historical Society // Getty Images

TheUnited Tailoresses of New Yorkwas formed in 1825. It was the countrys first union comprised entirely of women. In 1831, the union went on strikedemandingfairer wages. After a bitter struggle, during whichmale trade unionsrefused to supporttheir female counterparts, the women returned to work without higher wagesBut they did set the stage for future union work in the textile industry.

7 / 98Unknown // Wikimedia Commons

In response to an extension in the workday, women workers formed the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844. It is considered one of the first successful organizations of women workers in the country. The group helped reduce the workday atcotton mills to 10 hours(down from 12 or 13 hours) and make their mills safer and more sanitary.

8 / 98Interim Archives // Getty Images

Maria Mitchellwas the countrys first professional woman astronomer. She was also the first American to discover a comet in 1847. She helped pave the way for women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) careers.

[Pictured: Astronomer Maria Mitchell with her astronomy class outside the observatory at Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York.]

9 / 98Historical // Getty Images

The year 1869 markedmajor advancementsfor women in the legal profession. That year, Arabella Mansfield became the first female lawyer, and Ada Kepley graduated from law school, making her the first woman to do so in the country.

[Pictured: Belva Ann Lockwood, the first female lawyer to practice before the United States Supreme Court.]

10 / 98Buyenlarge // Getty Images

The Cigar Makers International Union beganadding women to its ranksin 1867. It was the first national union to ditch its males-only mandate.

11 / 98Library of Congress // Getty Images

Women shoe workers established the countrys firstnationwide union for women workers, the Daughters of St. Crispin, in 1869. It aimed to represent the diversity of skills in the stitcher workforce.

12 / 98Bradley & Rulofson // Wikimedia Commons

Congress passed a law grantingfemale federal employees equal payto their male counterparts in 1872. Unfortunately, it did not extend to the state or local level, nor did it apply to the private sector, so many women workers did not receive this protection.

[Pictured: Victoria Woodhull, the candidate in 1872 from the Equal Rights Party, supporting womens suffrage and equal rights.]

13 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

Anne Freeman became thefirst female patent examinerat the U.S. Patent Office in 1872. The milestone may have encouraged more women to apply for patents for their inventions, according to the National Womens History Museum.

14 / 98Rischgitz // Getty Images

The Supreme Court ruled thatwomen could be excludedfrom practicing law in 1873. One Justice on the case reasoned that practicing law could disrupt the respective spheres of man and woman and her duties as a mother and wife.

You may also like:History of trucking in America

15 / 98ND // Getty Images

A group of more than 3,000 washerwomen, the majority of whom were Black, staged a large-scale strike in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1881, demanding fair pay for their strenuous jobs. While the threat of a costly business license requirement and arrests of strikers mitigated their efforts to set a standard wage for laundry, thedemonstration was evidenceof the power of low-wage, African American, female workers to disrupt the status quo, according to Rosalind Bentley of The Atlanta-Journal Constitution.

16 / 98Unknown // Wikimedia Commons

The American Federation of Labor appointedMary Kenney OSullivanas the first woman to serve as a national general organizer in 1892. During her time in that role, she organized workers in the garment industry, along with shoe workers, carpet weavers, binders, and printers.

17 / 98Print Collector // Getty Images

WhenAnna Bissells husband died, shetook over the Bissell sweeper company in 1889 and became Americas first female CEO. She helped promote workers compensation policies and employee pension plans.

[Pictured: The Bissell carpet sweeper invented by Melville and Anna Bissell in 1876.]

18 / 98C.F. Lummis // Wikimedia Commons

In 1898, Charlotte Perkins Gilman published Women and Economics. She argued that women must become economically independent from men.

19 / 98Universal History Archive // Getty Images

Two women social reformersJane Addams and Josephine Lowellfounded the National Consumers League in 1899. The organization leveraged the power of consumers to push for minimum wage for women and other workers rights.

[Pictured: Jane Addams, American social reformer and feminist.]

You may also like:Best value public colleges in America

20 / 98Boyer // Getty Images

New York state passed the Married Womens Property Act in 1848, which gave married women a degree of control over their own income and property. By 1900,every statehad enacted similar legislation, according to the National Womens History Alliance.

21 / 98Smith Collection/Gado // Getty Images

Madam C.J. Walker created her hair care product company in 1905. The business, which was focused on the needs of African American women, would help Walker become Americas firstself-made female millionaire.

[Pictured: A photograph of Madam C.J. Walker driving, 1911.]

22 / 98Universal History Archive // Getty Images

Around 20,000 shirtwaist industry workers, most of whom were Yiddish-speaking women who immigrated to the U.S., went on strike on Nov. 23, 1909. The largest demonstration by women up until that point, theUprising of 20,000forced the largely male leaders of the industry to revise their entrenched prejudices against organizing women, according to Tony Michels of the Jewish Womens Archive.

23 / 98FPG // Getty Images

A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York Citykilled 146 people, the majority of whom were women, in 1911. Considered one of the worst industrial disasters in the nations history, it led to stricter fire codes at workplaces. It also helped spark the empowerment of women in the workforce.

You may also like:50 best colleges on the East Coast

24 / 98Universal History Archive // Getty Images

Massachusetts adopted aminimum wagein 1912the first state in the country to do so. The law only applied to women and children.

25 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

Women saw political career opportunities open up to them in 1917 when Jeannette Rankin was elected to Congress. Since then, the U.S. House of Representatives has had a total of397 womenjoin its ranks.

26 / 98IWM // Getty Images

Women filled factory jobs left vacant by men during World War I. By 1918, munitions factories became thebiggest employer of women workers.

27 / 98Valerie WINCKLER // Getty Images

The New York State Court of Appeals ruled that physicians were allowed toprescribe birth controlfor health reasons in 1918. Expansion of access to contraceptives has helped womenmake wage gainsand advance in the workplace, according to Planned Parenthood.

28 / 98IWM // Getty Images

The Women in Industry Service released the first edition of theStandards for the Employment of Women in Industryin 1918, using input from both employers and women laborers. They were updated and republished multiple times and eventually helped form labor laws at the national and state level.

29 / 98Library of Congress // Getty Images

Female laborers from the U.S. and abroad formed the International Congress of Working Women in 1919. That year, they met in Washingtond D.C., for 10 days to discuss labor standards and benefits, such as maternity insurance.

30 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

The passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 gave women the right to vote. With a stake in politics, women could now vote for leaders who could help them achieve equality at work.

31 / 98United States Library of Congress // Wikimedia Commons

The Department of Labor established aWomens Bureau in 1920. The bureau was responsible for creating standards and policies focused on the welfare of women workers, improving their working conditions, and fostering more career opportunities for women.

[Pictured: Mary Anderson, head of Womens Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor, at her desk, Washington D.C.]

32 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

The first version of theEqual Rights Amendmentwas drafted in 1923. With support from the National Womens Party, Amelia Earhart, and professional women workers, the amendment aimed to grant men and women equal rights, including in the workplace.

33 / 98National Archives

The Economy Act of 1932 prohibited the government fromemploying more than one personper family. Many women workers were ultimately let go.

[Pictured: President Hoover with the New York Young Republicans after signing the Economy Act of 1932.]

34 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

The Great Depression left more than 2 million women out of work at the start of 1933. The struggles of women and Black workers during this time went unrecognized by the government and much of the public, who thought of workers as solely white men.

35 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

Established in 1933, the National Recovery Administration made pay discrepancy between men and women an official policy. Around 25% of its codes established lower minimum wages for women workers compared to their male counterparts.

[Pictured: President Roosevelt affixes his signature to the Industrial Control-Public Works bill, otherwise known as the National Recovery Act.]

36 / 98London Express // Getty Images

Frances Perkins took on the role of Secretary of Labor in 1933. The first woman to hold that position, Perkins was instrumental in thecreation of Social Security, as well as the New Deal.

37 / 98Afro Newspaper/Gado // Getty Images

Mary McLeod Bethune founded theNational Council for Negro Womenin 1935. The organization helped push for an end to job discrimination, sexism, and racist policies, according to the Labor Heritage Foundation.

38 / 98Bettmann // Getty Images

In 1936, a Gallup poll askedpeople whether married women should work full-time outside of the home. Just18% of respondents approvedof the notion, with the majority of both men and women signalingdisapproval. Those numbers would all but flip when the same question was asked in the 1990s.

You may also like:The top 50 party schools in America

39 / 98Kurt Hutton // Getty Images

Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938. It established a minimum wage for all workersregardless of gender.

40 / 98PA Photo Archive // Flickr

The Saturday Evening Post published the now-iconic Norman Rockwell cover image ofRosie the Riveteron May 29, 1943. The concept of the character, which had been around for at least a year, helped inspire women to take on traditionally masculine jobs to help with the war effort.

Read the original post:

Womens History Month: Changes in the workplace - WNCT

The history of coeducation at the University of Georgia begins in 1918 when 12 women became the first to enroll.

Since then, women at UGA have triumphed over a long history of discriminatory rules and barriers to inclusion.

This past century of history, remembered during this years Womens History Month, reaches an important milestone in 2022. This year marks 50 years since Title IX of the Education Amendments was passed and discrimination based on sex was outlawed at public universities.

When women first enrolled at UGA, they were only permitted in the home economics and education majors. The women who enrolled in these programs were required to stick to strict rules.

Many of these rules were laid out in a student handbook from the 1930s for Soule Hall, the first dorm for women on campus.

Some rules included lights out curfews at 11 p.m., requirements for permission to leave town or ride in a car, and regulations on dances and social engagements. Women were also not allowed to drive or smoke and had to check in and out of the dorms by signing a roster.

The number of engagements, or dates that women were allowed to observe, were regulated as well. Freshmen were permitted one date a week, sophomores had two and juniors three. But, if a student made good grades, they might have been allowed an extra date per week.

Campus organizations like the Womens Student Government Association, which was formed in the 1920s, also enforced rules for women. In a rule book from the 1955-56 school year, a code of conduct was given for students.

The association let women attend social functions only if they were from an approved list. A dress code was issued that outlined which rooms in dorms or sorority houses women could wear shorts in.

According to the conduct code, women were required to wear street clothes and neat hair-dos in all public settings. Street clothes included skirts, dresses, blouses and sweaters. Costumes for costume parties had to be approved by a students house director, according to the conduct code.

Even phone usage was restricted. Calls could not last more than five minutes. Men visitors were allowed in dorms, though only until a specified curfew. Women could only enter mens residences if a chaperone was present, and were prohibited from entering individual rooms or apartments without approval.

Women needed permission to leave the dorms or campus overnight. They were required to arrive at their destination before 8:30 p.m. If they wanted to be absent from their residences after 8:30 p.m., a form had to be filled out. Women were limited in how many times they could sign out per week.

University archivist Steve Armour works at Hargrett Rare Book & Manuscript Library to preserve the historical record of UGA. He found that the women making these rules operated under principles of self- governance.

There was this idea that they had to make these rules. It was the expectation of them, Armour said.

As time passed, more women enrolled at UGA and the majors offered to them began expanding. Still, discriminatory rules persisted. It wasnt until the 1960s that more drastic changes took place and the university began allowing women to enroll regardless of their race.

Desegregation at UGA was steered by many influential Black women who led the way for the admittance of students of color. In 1961, Charlayne Hunter-Gault became the first Black woman to be admitted to UGA. And in 1962, Mary Frances Early became the first Black person to graduate from UGA.

Black women faced a host of challenges from administration, faculty and students. Not only were they isolated on campus and discriminated against because of their race, but they also faced the stringent rules placed on women at the time.

Nawanna Lewis Miller graduated from UGA in 1973 with a bachelors degree in broadcast journalism. Her experiences are documented in Hargrett Librarys UGA Black Alumni Oral History Project. Miller recalled being one of 10 Black students on campus, but finding empowerment in her triumph over obstacles and in the path she helped create for other Black women.

I went to Georgia one way. I graduated another way, Miller said in the interview. I went as this naive young girl. I came out of Georgia as this strong, independent African American woman who had been through hell and there was no other way to describe it.

Today, women of a multitude of ethnicities and identities help make up the student body. Asian, Hispanic and Latinx, Native American and transgender women have opportunities to enroll at the university. However, their history is difficult to pinpoint.

Armour said in an email that historical data on race and ethnicity is limited, and largely nonexistent for gender identity.

In fact, UGA did not publish enrollment statistics by race and ethnicity until 1976, 15 years after the university first desegregated. UGA does not publish data on gender thats also divided by race and ethnicity.

Many other important milestones for women were achieved in the 1960s. Men and women protested for womens rights on campus.

According to an article published in The Red & Black on April 11, 1968, approximately 500 students marched up Baxter Street and staged a sit-in in what is now the Hunter-Holmes Academic Building on April 10, 1968.

Their petition demanded that the university take immediate steps to equalize the rights of men and women students, the article stated. The protest included demands for the removal of some rules for women on campus, such as the curfew.

According to Armour, the WSGA dissolved in the late 60s. During this time, the dean of women and the dean of men combined into one position, the dean of students, to oversee student affairs.

A legal philosophy called in loco parentis, which allowed administration to create rules in the place of a student's parents, was phased out in the 1960s in a series of legal cases.

All that micromanaging of the in loco parentis era started to go away, Armour said. The combination of that and women's liberation put an end to [those rules].

Women in sports faced their own set of challenges as they sought equal rights.

Gwyned Bius played on UGAs first womens basketball team. She was a physical education major and attended UGA from 1968 to 1971. Bius remembered a strict dress code and limited opportunities for women athletes.

We were not permitted to wear pants around the campus, we either had to wear a skirt or a dress. And if we were attending P.E. classes, we werent allowed to wear our gym clothes and had to wear a raincoat over them to cover up our shorts, Bius said.

There was little funding for womens sports teams.

We had to buy our own uniforms, we had to pay our own way to games, we had to buy our own meals, Bius said. We really got nothing.

In 1972, coeducation in America changed when Title IX passed. The federal civil rights law protects people from discrimination based on their sex in all education programs that receive federal funding.

The amendment meant that UGA would need to offer women the same opportunities that it offered men. For equal rights for women, this was the final nail in the coffin, Armour said.

Title IX really opened the door for a lot of females to play sports and to be recognized, Bius said.

Sports teams had traditionally been only available to men, with some exceptions, so the law was especially pertinent to opportunities for women athletes. Title IX compliance remains an important job for UGA Athletics today.

Although the law was groundbreaking for equal rights in education, it did not become immediately enforced.

There was just a lot of lag time and resistance for institutions to actually comply with [Title IX], Armour said.

Still, the law is central to the history of women at UGA and it resulted in the end of legally permissible discrimination based on sex at public universities. This summer will mark the 50th anniversary of the Title IX education amendment.

While women have faced many challenges throughout their time at UGA, they made up 58% of undergraduate enrollment at the university in 2020, according to the UGA Fact Book.

From the 12 students who were in the first group of enrolled women in 1918, to the trailblazing women who desegregated UGA in the 1960s, to the over 17,000 women undergraduates enrolled today, a lot has changed in the 104 years that women have attended UGA.

Read the original:

The history of discriminatory rules for women at UGA - Red and Black

Karyn Oliviers life and career have been marked by departures. Her family left Trinidad and Tobago for a new life in America when she was a child. Then at the age of 30, Olivier left her career in business to pursue one in art.

The pursuit eventually led her to Philadelphia, where she took classes at Tyler School of Art and Architecture and University of the Arts. Philadelphia is the place where I became an artist, she told The Philadelphia Inquirer last year.

Now, Oliviers work explores departures from historys perceived narratives and truths.

The professor of sculpture at Tyler was recently selected to install two memorials in the city. One commemorates Dinah, a former enslaved woman whose quick thinking saved the historic Stenton Housein Germantown, and the other, the Bethel Burying Ground Historic Memorial, honors the thousands of 19th century Black Philadelphians buried beneath Weccacoe Playground in Queen Village.

We spoke with Olivier about her art career, and how it has been influenced by her identity as an immigrant, gay and Black woman. Olivier also discussed her vision for the Bethel memorial, which includes plans for living elements such as water activated pavers and cradle grave flower planters.

Temple Now: What are some recurring themes or inspirations in your work?

Karyn Olivier: In my work I examine histories, memories, sites, objects and varying publics. I attempt to intersect and collapse these histories with the present. From a young age I recognized that identity is shifting and mutable. Yes, Im Black. Yes, I'm a woman. Yes, Im gay. But Im also an immigrant. Im also an American. Im also an artist.

But I also think because my background wasnt in art, I really start with whats therepresumed knowns and assumptions. I always start with whats familiar. I was never an artist who had, in childhood, this fantastical imagination to create from, so instead I think of ways I can extract or rework things we encounter in our everyday lives, to imagine other ways they could exist. I am fascinated by history. I think about the fragmented manner in which we learn about the past. The present day is grounded in these innumerable and shifting histories. My work attempts to fill in or reimagine the gaps.

TN: What impact has race and racism had on your work?

KO: My blackness in a sense is embedded in the work. One of the reasons I am interested in monuments and memorials is because there is a lot of space to reimagine what they are, how they function, and what they can become. Can we make them sites for gathering where we imbue them with power, and not the other way around?

Ill give you a few examples. I cloaked the Battle of Germantown memorial in Vernon Park, which honors a George Washington-led Revolutionary War battle, with a mirrored surface for a piece titled The Battle Is Joined. I dont think I would have made the same decisions or created that piece if it existed in Rittenhouse Square, which is a predominantly white, upper middle class neighborhood. At the far corner of Vernon Park is the Pastorius Monument. Everyone should know the name Francis Daniel Pastorius. We all know George Washingtons, but dont know Pastorius, who was an important figure in Philadelphia best known for drafting the first Quaker protest against slavery in 1688. The mirror surface created a mirrored monument. No longer was this monument static and impenetrable; it was now active, alive and constantly shifting. I thought, what would it mean for my Black Germantown neighbors to see themselves reflected in the monument? What does it mean to become the monument?

At Stenton House in the Nicetown section of Philadlephia I am fabricating a memorial to honor Dinah, a former slave and servant at Stenton House who is credited with saving that mansion from being burned to the ground by British soldiers during the Revolutionary War. When considering the design of this memorial, I thought about who visits the siteoften school groups, historians and folks from the neighborhood. I decided to create a circular stone seating area with two large stone tablets containing questions that we can ask Dinah, and similar questions Dinah can ask us, her visitors. What does it mean to have an ongoing dialogue between shifting authors and multiple histories? What happens when we acknowledge our presence in the artwork? Our participation becomes critical to the art; our engagement is in fact creating the work. I hope for there to be acknowledgement of our agency, in our role in keeping Dinahs memory and this memorial alive. And our responsibility. What could this elicit for a Black kid who asks an ancestor who was once a slave, What did freedom feel like? Or when Dinah questions that youth, who is in a neighborhood that suffers from high poverty rates, Do you feel free?

TN: What about the historic Bethel Burying Ground moved you and inspired you to want to be involved in designing its memorial?

KO: A lot of things. I was excited about the histories. I was excited that the site has multiple purposesits both a playground and a cemetery. They seem so disparate, but I kept thinking about where they overlap. Theyre both sites of discovery, sites of empathy, of celebration, of care, of social engagement, of the unexpected, of disappointment, of anger and loss. They can be sites of alienation and hyper-presentness. To me, theyre both sites where you are very much aware of your aliveness.

TN: There are a few living aspects you have planned for the Bethel memorial. Why is it important for the memorial to be a living thing that the community can interact with?

KO: I spent a lot of time hanging out there and seeing how it was used by the Queen Village community. I was interested in how I could make a memorial that is temporal and shifting. I am interested in the unexpected alliances that could happen if someone looks down at a paver and the historic date coincides with that actual day. What could this sort of accidental synchronicitybetween the history and the present, an historic figure and a living onepoint to or make us consider? Maybe it could allow for empathy, or a consideration of the future, and our own mortality.

TN: Youve been commissioned to install work all around the world, but is there a special significance in being selected to install memorials in your home city?

KO: Oh yeah. I mean, I love opportunities to make work around the country and the world, but being able to make work where I live, in a place thats now home, its the dream. Philadelphia at one point was the capital of the country. Im in a place that has such known historic importance, but Im also allowed to dig deeper and reveal these histories that arent necessarily remembered and honored as our common history, our American history. Yet.

Its an awesome and daunting responsibility. My work will never satisfy everyone, but I do want it to be as complex, as nuanced and as open as possible, while still being as pointed and specific as it can. Bethel was tough because there were a lot of constituents who were invested in this park and cemetery. You had people who, once the cemetery was discovered, wanted the playground to be dismantled. Other folks in the community said, No, we need to share this space. It was daunting, but when I started to formulate an idea, I decided to just focus. Who lives/lived here? Who traverses/traversed this site? What can be offered? Specificity allows each of these projects to work, because Im so tied to what is here, what was here.

Olivier expects the Dinah Memorial at Stenton to be completed this summer, and the Bethel Burying Ground Historic Memorial to be completed by summer 2023. Visit her website to see more of her work.

Oliviers design for the Bethel Burying Ground Historic Memorial, called Her Luxuriant Soil, includes water pavers that, when wet, will reveal text containing information about the lives of the Black Philadelphians buried beneath the park. This rendering also shows the proposed new cemetery entrance gate, which she designed to be accurate to the time period of the burials. (Photo courtesy of Karyn Olivier)

Go here to see the original:

Karyn Olivier reveals Black history through her art - Temple University News

By Joan Tupponce

Iryna Piontkivska agreed to present the topic Ukrainian Language and Cultural Competency for theVCU Continuing and Professional EducationsLunch and Learn Seriesbefore the Russian invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24.

The importance of sharing Ukraines history and culture is now a really personal endeavor, said Piontkivska, a Ukrainian economist and crafter.

Her one-hour virtual presentation at noon on March 23 will include many of her countrys traditions, such as pysanka, the ancient tradition of decorating eggs. Registration is required for thefree program.

Pysanka is just one part of the rich culture of Ukraine. Piontkivskas presentation also will include Ukraines geography, history, embroidery, weaving, painting and ceramics as well as music, dance and architecture.

Many people know the Ukrainian geography now because of what is going on in my country, she said. I want to also talk about the countrys historical background and its role in European history. Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language and culture regardless of what Russian propaganda lies. I want to cover as many aspects of our history and culture as I can so people are aware of our contributions.

She will talk about music and songs that are a vital part of the countrys culture.

For example, Carol of the Bells is a Ukrainian folk song. Its a very old song. Many people know the tune, but dont know it belongs to Ukrainian cultural heritage, she said.

Ukrainian cuisine also will be discussed because more than 50% of Ukrainian land is farmland. The country produces a variety of grains and produce used in bread making and dishes like borscht, a sweet and sour beet-root soup.

Ill also talk about rye and wheat breads as well as Easter and wedding bread. Ukraine is famous for its breads, she said.

Piontkivska finds it difficult to talk about the war going on in Ukraine.

Im in shock. At first I was in denial because I thought it couldnt happen to a peaceful country in the middle of Europe. Now, its a blatant war. Its extremely painful to watch it unfold, she said. I have extended family and people I know are there. Some are now refugees in Europe. But my parents and my 96-year-old grandmother cant leave. I pray for them to stay safe.

Piontkivska is the first speaker in VCU Continuing and Professional Educationsnew seriesof free one-hour virtual sessions by experts from the community who will share different languages and cultures.

The next event, Arabic Language and Cultural Competency, will be held Tuesday, March 29, and will be led by Kamilia Rahmouni, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the School of World Studies in the College of Humanities and Sciences.

Another upcoming session, Francophone World Language and Culture Competency, will be held Tuesday, May 3, and will be led by Ngoc-My Guidarelli, a catalog librarian with VCU Libraries and adjunct French professor in the School of World Studies.

Subscribe to VCU News at newsletter.vcu.edu and receive a selection of stories, videos, photos, news clips and event listings in your inbox.

Read more here:

Ukraine's history and cherished traditions will be the topic of an upcoming Lunch and Learn Series - VCU News

The year 2020 was certainly a peculiar one. The world was indoors, face coverings muffled voices, and for sports fans, there was nothing to watch on television. But, as everyone knows, summer went on and some things started to return to normal.

The PGA Tour was back in action after a several-month hiatus which started with the cancellation of the second round of the Players.

Consequently, the Masters was pushed all the way back to November.

Instead of blooming azaleas, we got fall colors rarely seen at Augusta National, but it was good to be back.

In unusually soft conditions, Dustin Johnson went on a tear, finishing the tournament at 20 under and slipping on the green jacket with the help of one Tiger Woods.

DJs history at the Masters is a mixed bag, but when theres a win sprinkled in, the rest doesnt much matter.

Current odds to win 2022 Masters: +1500

Masters results/odds: Jordan Spieth

Gannett may earn revenue from Tipico for audience referrals to betting services. Tipico has no influence over nor are any such revenues in any way dependent on or linked to the newsrooms or news coverage. SeeTipico.comfor Terms and Conditions. 21+ only. Gambling problem? Call 1-800-GAMBLER (NJ),1-800-522-4700(CO).

Heres Johnsons complete history at the Masters.

Finish:T-20Score: 1underEarnings:$46,575Masters champion: Angel Cabrera

Finish:T-38Score: 6 overEarnings: $34,500Masters champion: Phil Mickelson

Finish:T-38Score: 1 overEarnings:$36,800Masters champion: Charl Schwartzel

Finish:T-13Score: 1 underEarnings:$145,600Masters champion: Adam Scott

Finish: CutScore: 7 overEarnings:$10,000Masters champion: Bubba Watson

Finish:T-6Score: 9underEarnings:$335,000Masters champion: Jordan Spieth

Finish:T-4Score:1 underEarnings:$413,333Masters champion: Danny Willett

Finish:T-10Score:7 underEarnings:$286,000Masters champion: Patrick Reed

Finish:T-2Score: 12 underEarnings:$858,667Masters champion: Tiger Woods

Finish: 1Score: 20underEarnings:$2,070,000Masters champion: Dustin Johnson

Finish: CutScore:5 overEarnings:$10,000Masters champion: Hideki Matsuyama

View post:

2022 Masters: Dustin Johnson's history at Augusta and odds to win - Golfweek

Gaylon Finklea Hecker and Marianne Odom| Guest columnist

March is Texas History Month, and our states rich heritage is as much a path forward as a look back.

More: El Paso City Council OKs police body cameras, resolution on Reimagine I-10 Project changes

Our hard-fought independence is observed this month with Texas Independence Day and Texas Flag Day March 2, coincidentally Sam Houstons birthday; Alamo Heroes Day March 6; and Goliad Heroes Day March 26.

Of course, we also celebrate on April 21 the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto in 1836. From that day forward, the people of the Republic of Texas would forever be synonymous with bravery, honor, tenacity, guts, grit and dedication to a worthy cause. That fabled fortune spilled over into the creation of the state of Texas, the 28th to join the USA, and its shadow fell on generations to follow.

Our heroic ancestors fought to preserve the rights of Texans relative newcomers and long-established Tejanos to seek fruitful lives in this gigantic and geologically diverse state with hills, prairies, deserts, piney woods, rivers, beaches and a plateau so flat you can see forever.

Some of the states most successful natives credit, at least in part, their success to growing up in this land of possibility with a melting pot of courageous, bigger-than-life role models.

They recalled just what it was about growing up in Texas that inspired them to follow their dreams. Not surprisingly, studying Texas history ranks high in their memories.

Wharton-born newsman Dan Rather said, One of my earliest memories from first or second grade is learning all the words to Texas, Our Texas, which is the state song. And certainly, learning Texas history. Thats part of giving you a strong sense of place. We had the American flag, and we had a Texas flag. As you get older, it all fits into this good, strong sense of belonging. If you dont belong anywhere else, you belong in Texas.

More: Billionaire Paul Foster's historic Kress Building set for multimillion-dollar renovation

Rex Tillerson, Wichita Falls-born former CEO of ExxonMobil and secretary of state, attributed his identity to his roots.

I have a deep sense of pride in who I am as a Texan. Often, I loved to say to people in Washington, down in the Republic of Texas.

Astronaut Robert Crippen, who piloted STS-1, the first Shuttle, and commanded other shuttle flights, dreamed about soaring in the heavens as a boy in the East Texas Piney Woods.

With a pilots swagger, Beaumont-born Crippen said, I think that pride in Texas was mainly instilled in school rather than at home. I remember we studied Texas history in high school. We had to take a semester of Texas history when we went to UT.

I think I was like any other kid growing up in Texas. I was proud to be a Texan and not shy about telling people about it.

More: El Paso 2022 primary election saw lower voter turnout, flood of rejected mail-in ballots

Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, former ambassador to NATO and the first female U.S. senator from Texas, filled the seat of her great-grandfathers law partner, Thomas Rusk. Rusk was the republics secretary of war and, along with Sam Houston, one of the first two U.S. senators from Texas.

Hutchison, born in Galveston, oozes the thrill of Texas history. She thought about it constantly while she grew up. She heard the stories. She read history books. Her great-grandfather also signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, and her grandmothers neighborhood included Nacogdoches Old Stone Fort.

Weve passed it (history) down through the generations because we still have that love of Texas, Hutchison said. And its so important to continue to teach Texas history as a required course.

Dr. Lauro Cavazos, the first Hispanic appointed to a U.S. Cabinet post, shared that same love of learning Texas history in a two-room schoolhouse on the sprawling King Ranch.

My favorite subject was history. Oh, I loved it. In fact, when I was in grade school, I told one of my teachers that I liked history so much that I may teach it someday. I remember that was my first ambition before I got into biology, sciences, anatomy, health care and all that other stuff.

Baseball Hall-of-Famer Nolan Ryan, born in Refugio, still remembers the only field trip during his school days. It was to the San Jacinto Monument, and the trip was a big deal.

He said: When you dont go anywhere in your life, thats pretty special. Its been a lifelong pursuit of mine to read Texas history and to have kind of an understanding about how Texas developed.

While the Republic of Texas is the heart of our history, we know its not the beginning or the end. The diverse story of Texas encompasses dinosaurs, indigenous peoples, ranching, cattle, small towns, big cities, oil, wind, entrepreneurs, politics, footballand much more.

More recent history continues with space exploration, a literal sky-is-the-limit enterprise. Remember, Neil Armstrongs first word transmitted when the Apollo 11 lunar module touched down on the surface of the moon was Houston, as in Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.

Obviously, not all our history is that inspiring, but it is our history and Texans wear it as a badge of pride.

Teaching Texas history in schools is an imperative we must continue no matter how the winds of education flutter.

Gaylon Finklea Hecker and Marianne Odom co-authored Growing Up in the Lone Star State: Notable Texans Remember Their Childhoods, published July 2021, Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.

Go here to see the original:

Teaching Texas history in schools is imperative: Gaylon Finklea Hecker and Marianne Odom - El Paso Times

Caption: Retired UFT educator Oksana Kulynych. Photo provided.

You could say that retired teacher Oksana Kulynych goes back to Ukraine every day.

When not watching the grim news, she gives presentations to students so they can learn about the country now involved in a horrific military invasion from Russia.

Kulynych is a Ukrainian-American born in New York City to parents who were refugees during World War II from what was then Soviet Ukraine.

Through them, she knows a lot about war and displacement.

She visits high schools and colleges to educate students about the roots of Ukraines beauty, and about its suffering. She speaks about the 1932 mass genocide in the country, and todays invasion.

I talk about the history of Russian aggression. I talk about my cousins escaping (now). I talk about women and children leaving, and men who are staying behind to fight, said Kulynych, a member of the United Federation of Teachers who taught special education in the Bronx for decades and served 10 years as director of the School of Ukrainian Studies.

The students want to learn more, she said. They ask what they can do to help as they witness the first military invasion against a sovereign European nation since World War II.

I tell them, become active in your government. We can do that here; we have a democracy. I tell them, when you see an injustice, when you see wrong, remember that one person can make a difference. Speak out when you see that, Kulynych said.

Panagiota Arenas, Yonkers Federation of Teachers, said Kulynychs visit hit home for students. Were studying WWII and they were able to make comparisons. They see how the policy of appeasement didnt work with Hitler. Its the same with Putin.

Students see the severe harm of totalitarian rule, autocracy and censorship. Between this war and the pandemic, they are living history, Arenas said.

Its atrocious and monstrous what he (Putin) is doing not only to Ukraine, but also to his own people in Russia, she said.

Students collect medical supplies and boots for Kulynych to deliver. They write letters to American officials, urging them to do more, said Arenas.

What is happening in Ukraine is a terrifying example of how totalitarianism can grow unchecked, Kulynych said. In a span of recent years, Russia has illegally invaded Chechnya, then Georgia, then Crimea in eastern Ukraine, then Syria.

Nobody stopped them, and they just kept getting stronger and stronger, Kulynych said. We need to recognize the signs to stop genocides from happening.

Im grateful for the journalists who are bringing this story to the world, she said, her voice choking with tears as she spoke of several who have been killed.

In addition to school visits, she has organized workshops for teachers and presented at conferences with the National Council on Social Studies. She has taught about Holodomor, a man-made famine from 1932 to 1933 under Stalins rule.

Her own family history is a snapshot of a country that has been under siege again and again. Her maternal grandparents fled Ukraine when Russian communists invaded.

The family headed to Germany, ended up at a displaced persons camp for four years, and then came to the U.S. Her uncle was taken by Soviets and sent to a forced labor camp in Siberia.

Her father fought in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, battling Soviet Russians and Nazi Germans. He somehow found his mother and sister in Germany, and they all came to America.

Kulynychs parents, Jaroslaw and Maria, met at a dance at St. Georges Ukrainian Catholic Church in New York City. Together they raised six children.

On Saturdays we went to Ukrainian school, to study language, culture and history, Kulynych said.

She has been to visit Ukraine twice once in the 1970s when it was still under Communist control, and again in 2005, with her two children, 14 years after independence had been declared.

The first visit was challenging, she said. When I came back to the U.S. I wanted to kiss the ground here because we have freedom here.

Original post:

UFT retiree with roots in Ukraine shares history and hope - NYSUT

Real Madrid and Barcelona will lock horns once again in the Clsico this Sunday at the Bernabu in what will be the 249th competitive meeting between the sides.

Real Madrid's march to the title has an air of inevitability to it: only Sevilla are in with a realistic chance of catching Carlo Ancelotti's leaders, with the two sides due to meet at the Snchez Pizjun next month. Still, Julen Lopetegui's Andalusians have 10 points to make up on Madrid, while Bara are 15 points adrift in third.

Xavi has worked his magic at Camp Nou since his return to replace Ronald Koeman, guiding Bara into the Champions League places from the lower reaches of the table and securing a berth in the quarter-finals of the Europa League. Bara will not win LaLiga this season, that much is evident, but Xavi's side can certainly do Sevilla a favour on Sunday: the Catalans are on an unbeaten run of 11 games in all competitions and have scored four times in five of those.

Down through the years, several of historys greatest goalscorers have played a starring role in the long-running Clsico drama, with the fixtures all-time list of net fillers reading as a whos who of footballing legends, and is unsurprisingly led by Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.

Overall after 248 games played, Real Madrid have scored 415 goals and claimed 100 victories, four more than Barcelona, who have scored 404 goals against their eternal rivals.

Messi in action against Sergio Ramos.ALBERT GEA(Reuters)

Lionel Messi, the only man in the top 10 that is still active in the Clsico, leads the table with 26 goals. Those 26 goals 18 in LaLiga, 6 in the Spanish Super Cup, 2 in Europe have come over the record total 44 fixtures that the Argentine striker has played since his first game against Real Madrid more than 15 years ago in November, 2005.

Although, surprisingly, it has been almost three years since the great Leo last scored against Los Blancos, in a 2-2 draw in LaLiga in May of 2018. He will hope to bring an end to that scoreless streak on Saturday to bring himself closer to the incredible 30-goal Clsico milestone a milestone he may never reach, however, should he decide to leave Camp Nou this summer.

Ronaldo celebrates one of his 18 Clsico goals.

Much to the disappointment of Real and Bara fans alike, Cristiano Ronaldo no longer plays a part in this fixture and particularly in historys greatest duel with Lionel Messi that lasted nine glorious seasons (somewhat coincidentally Messi has not scored since Ronaldos last Clsico before he left for Juventus in the summer of 2018).

During this time at Real Madrid, CR7 played in 29 Clsicos, netting 18 goals. Both he and Messis last Clsico goal both came in that 2-2 LaLiga fixture in May, 2018. He was never able to bag a hat-trick in the fixture, unlike Messi, who has two Clsico hat-tricks to his name.

Di Stefano managed 18 goals in the Clsico.

The stadium that was used over the last year or so as the Bernabu was being revamped (Real Madrids training ground-based stadium used normally by Castilla and the underage sides) is named after this man for a reason. Arguably the clubs greatest legend, Alfredo di Stefano remains Madrids leading goalscorer in the history of the Clsico alongside Cristiano Ronaldo. Some onlookers would also point to the fact that the Spanish Super Cup - where Messi grabbed six - wasn't in existence before 1982.

El Clsico: all-time top scorers

Di Stefano himself was the subject of an intense battle between the two clubs, both of whom had claimed to own his registration due to confusion that emerged when the player moved from Colombian club Los Millionarios to Argentinas River Plate. Acting as mediator, FIFA ruled that both clubs would share the player on alternate seasons. But the Argentine-born forward moved definitively to Madrid after the Barcelona interim board cancelled his contract following the forced resignation of its president at the time a decision they probably lived to regret.

Not far behind Di Stefano on the Bernabu legend stakes, local Madrileo Ral comes in fourth with 15 goals. The former Spanish international played in 37 Clsicos overall, his first coming in a 5-0 rout of the Catalans in January, 1995 (he didnt score) and his last in a 2-0 defeat in April, 2010. Out of the top 10 all-time top scorers, he comes second behind Messi in number of appearances.

Behind Raul are three players on 14 goals: Csar (Barcelona, 1939-1955), Ferenc Puskas (Real Madrid, 1958-1966), and Francisco Gento (Real Madrid, 1953-1971).

Making up the rest of the top 10 are: Santillana with 12 goals (Real Madrid, 1971-1988), Luis Surez with 11 goals (Barcelona, 2014-2020) and Hugo Sanchz with 10 goals (Real Madrid, 1985-1992), the Mexican sharing 10th place with Juanito (Real Madrid, 1977-1987), Josep Samitier (Barcelona, 1919-1932) and the only active player in the top 10, Benzema

See the original post:

Which player has scored the most goals in El Clsico history? All time top scorers - AS USA