Category Archives: Financial Independence

Getting your first job offer is exciting joining the full-time workforce can mean a salary, benefits, and a path to financial independence. But before jumping to accept an offer, it's important to assess what exactly the company is promising you and negotiate your salary.

Most people hate negotiating (who can blame them) and don't do it. More than half (56%) of workers don't negotiate when given a job offer, according to CareerBuilder.

But here's a news flash: Most employers will negotiate even for entry-level employees. More than half (53%) of employers said they would be willing to negotiate first-time salaries, according to CareerBuilder. It's actually built into their strategy: Most employers will offer a lower salary to start, leaving room for negotiations. So, by not negotiating, you could be leaving money on the table!

And the payoffs from those negotiations can be huge in some cases, 11-20% higher, according to Jobvite's Job Seeker Nation Study.

So, let's say you get offered a starting salary of $40,000 11% of that is $4,400! And that's PER YEAR. So, if you stay at that job for 2 years, you would've made an extra $8,800. Three years that's $13,200. Plus, if in a few years you go for a promotion, you're negotiating that salary from a higher rung on the salary ladder. And, as you move up, you'll keep earning more than you would have if you settled for the first offer each time. That means paying off student loans more quickly, having more money in your pocket, being able to afford a nicer apartment/house you get the idea.

When you think of it that way, why wouldn't you negotiate?

More fromCollege Voices:How do you land your first job out of college?Why Black and Latinx women are more likely to struggle with impostor syndromeand how to overcome itWomen in STEM: 3 Challenges we face and how to overcome them

More than half (51%) of workers who don't negotiate fail to do so because they don't feel comfortable asking for more money, according to CareerBuilder. Nearly half said it was because they were afraid the employer would withdraw the offer. More than one-third said it was because they didn't want to seem greedy.

I sat down with some negotiation experts and those with some negotiation experience to talk through tips on how to approach your first job offer.

How to get over asking for more money

"You always negotiate a job offer job offers are dynamic," said Liza Babin, a 23-year-old who works in entertainment and negotiated her salary for her first two jobs. "They chose you because you were the best person for this job, and you have a lot of value."

Liza Babin

Source: Henry Platt

She recommends never accepting an offer on the spot and, instead, take some time to research the marketplace for this position. Once you know what you want from the negotiation, ask to talk through the offer "very calm, collected, and well-researched."

Kate Dixon, a negotiation coach and author of "Pay Up: Unlocking Insider Secrets of Salary Negotiation," said she tells her clients to phrase a salary negotiation as collaborative. Phrasing a salary increase in such a manner, keeps both sides on the same team. She suggested saying something along the lines of, "According to my research, jobs like this are paid between X and Y in the marketplace and I'm targeting the higher end. How close can we get?"

This kind of phrasing helps show that you've done your research and gives them a range of options to solve this negotiation, while also empowering you to begin your relationship with the company confidently.

But there are other options than just asking for a higher salary.

Peter Cappelli, a professor and director of the Center for Human Resources at the Wharton School of Business, said another strategy is to ask for one-time payments, such as a signing bonus or larger coverage of moving expenses. That may lead to more success than asking for the long-term cost of a recurring higher salary.

"Look for things that you think might be easier for them to give to you and things that are valuable to you," Cappelli said. He said knowing what's on the table to negotiate besides salary such as moving your start date back, more time off or job title makes your negotiation stronger than making demands they can't meet like higher salaries or health-care packages outside of their standard offering.

How to prepare for a negotiation

An important part of the negotiation process is being prepared for whatever might come your way. Knowing what a reasonable demand is shows the company that you did your research to make an equitable ask. Cappelli stresses that it's important to have a reason why you're asking to negotiate. For example, if people in your area, people at other companies in a similar position, or candidates with your education level typically earn more.

"You need a reason why more pay is merited," Cappelli said. "Just saying, 'I want more' isn't going to get you it and you start to look foolish."

Leveraging her prior experience as a basis for a salary increase was especially key for Alba Disla when she negotiated her salary at her first full-time job with the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion team at Comcast in 2019.

Alba Disla

Source: Debbie Rabinovich

"I was very nervous because I just wanted any job at all and I was so ecstatic I even got the offer," Disla said about what was her dream job at the time. "I didn't have any formal corporate experience, but I had a lot of prior experience in an academic setting, so I used that to buffer my counterargument."

Disla ended up getting her offer raised by $4,000.

"I was really happy that I successfully negotiated because it was something I was very scared about, but I know it's important as I start my career, especially as a woman of color," Disla said.

"It's really important to advocate for yourself early on."

Dixon said it's common for first-time negotiators to be nervous about the negotiation, but it's important to not take what amounts to a business transaction personally.

"If you can get a little bit of emotional distance, it enables you to be much more effective in salary negotiations," Dixon said. "What a company offers you says more about how they value that job than you're worth as a human being."

Negotiation risks

One of the biggest concerns people have when negotiating is often that the offer will be taken away. Negotiating a first job can feel particularly risky, since you're coming from a place of no employment and you feel like you don't have leverage.

But the experts I spoke to said that the biggest risk is only that the company will say "no."

"I have never seen an offer pulled for somebody negotiating in good faith," Dixon said. "The risk of getting your offer pulled for doing a negotiation is practically nil."

Disla said that was exactly what she was afraid of going into the negotiation.

"A really big psychological thing for me to get over was part of me didn't want to confront them or counter because what if they take the offer away?" Disla said. "But it just doesn't happen that way The worst case is you get the original offer back."

However, Dixon cautioned that trying to push someone beyond a "best and final offer" can lead to frustration from your potential employers. Asking for more once the line has been clearly drawn is the only negotiation that can be considered a "risky proposition."

She recommends approaching a negotiation with gratitude and excitement for the offer to set the negotiation up in positive way. Thinking about the negotiation as a collaboration rather than a competition will make for a productive conversation rather than an aggressive situation.

Recognizing your worth

"Even if you don't get anything monetarily, you're still showing who you are as an employee. You're showing them, 'Hey, I advocate for myself. I understand my worth,'" Dixon said.

Understanding her worth is something Babin reminds herself of before entering a negotiation.

"Coming from that place of insecurity when you are leaving college and you have nothing to fall back on, it's so important to know your worth and be able to stay strong during those negotiations," Babin said. "Make sure you remind yourself of your own worth throughout the process, because it can be very easy to get discouraged."

For women especially, negotiating a first job is an essential way to start at a fair financial point. Hired found that 63% of the time, men were offered higher salaries than women for the same job. However, only 7% of women even attempt to negotiate their first salary, while 57% of men do, according to a study done by Carnegie Mellon University professor Linda Babcock.

So, negotiating is essential to getting a fair offer especially for women.

Jordan Mathews said she negotiated her most recent job offer, despite knowing how difficult it is to negotiate a salary with the government, because she felt that as a woman, it was "a priority" to at least try. After three months of negotiations and undergoing a security clearance, Mathews started her job as a program analyst with the Community Relations Services team at the Department of Justice. Mathews said she doesn't regret the amount of time and effort she put into negotiating as she's "very happy with the final result."

Jordan Matthews

Source: Kamil Hamid

"I knew that I had a lot of skills and experiences that were valuable and deserve to be recognized in my salary," Mathews said. "Don't undercut or undersell any skill that you have that might be relevant. Everything is valuable You have the most power when they want you."

So, for anyone out there questioning whether or not to negotiate a job offer, you have very little to lose and possibly a lot to gain!

The experts I spoke to recommended LinkedIn videos, the NPR Life Kit podcast, or negotiation books to educate yourself. Once in negotiations, Glassdoor and PayScale are great resources to get a sense of the market wage for your position. For Mathews, Disla, and Babin, having a mentor who supported them through the process was essential in helping them direct negotiations with end results they were happy with. Ultimately, don't be afraid to negotiate for what you think you deserve.

"People feel like millennials can be entitled in that we don't want to come off a certain way, but I think we need to shift our perspective," Mathews said. "Having employees coming in who recognize their value and what they're going to add to a team is something hopefully [companies] want. It actually shows confidence."

CNBC's "College Voices is a series written by CNBC interns from universities across the country about getting their college education, managing their own money and launching their careers during these extraordinary times.Kelly Heinzerling received her undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania and her master's degree from Northwestern University. She was an intern on CNBC's creative services team in the summer of 2021. The series is edited byCindy Perman.

Disclosure: Comcast is the parent company of CNBC.

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How to negotiate the salary for your first job offer - CNBC

Millions of individuals envision being their own boss and gaining financial independence, and those are just two reasons why starting a business can be an exciting prospect.

Novice entrepreneurs are likely familiar with just how difficult it can be to get going and sustain a business for years. The United States Department of Labor Statistics says 20% of small businesses fail within the first year. By the end of five years, nearly 50% have closed their doors. This information shouldnt make aspiring entrepreneurs run for the hills, but it can serve as motivation to avoid common mistakes and learn from others.

Every new business venture is met with obstacles along the way. Recognizing potential challenges and learning how to sidestep them is an important part of growing a successful business.

A business plan is crucial and will begin with your vision and what you want to achieve. The business guidance site The Balance: Small Business suggests including the following in your business plan: a mission statement; list of the products or services that will be offered; the niche a business intends to establish itself in; marketing strategies; which problems a business will solve in its industry; and how business owners plan to position themselves against competitors. An effective business plan can serve as a guide that business owners can use to get started and then return to as their business grows and evolves.

The business solutions company Dont Do Business Without It says choosing the right employees or cofounders is very important. It may be tempting to hire a friend or family member because you want to do them a favor. You may even have had a successful working relationship in the past. But its best to base hiring decisions on applicants competence and skills. Integrity also is a good trait to look for in an employee.

Strategies for retention also should be a priority. Pew Research says roughly 40% of millennials will change jobs in a years time. Figure out how to make your business so attractive that employees will want to become long-term fixtures.

All business owners experience problems from time to time, but the obstacles a business faces have no doubt challenged others in the past. Business owners should not feel as though they need to go it alone to prove their mettle. Business owners can reach out to a mentor or someone in their professional network when faced with a new and challenging obstacle. A study by UPS showed that 70% of business owners who received mentoring survived for five years or more. Thats nearly double the rate of those who didnt seek assistance. Asking for help with problems can also free up energy for other components of the business, which allows owners to play to their strengths.

Any business will face obstacles and adversity, but with the right mindset and people, any obstacle can be overcome.

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How businesses can persevere in the face of adversity - Fairfield Daily Republic

Like many other aspects of our lives, COVID-19 affected the treatments too. Read on to know how the pandemic affected fertility treatments for infertile couples.

Written by Editorial Team | Updated : November 1, 2021 10:31 AM IST

Covid-19 has been a stressful experience for all of us and has negatively impacted our way of life. Unfortunately, aspiring parents are not exempted from the impact of covid-19 in their quest towards parenthood through fertility treatments. The rising number of infertility cases of young couples in India has increased drastically, with the number of couples seeking fertility treatment in recent times higher than ever before. But how has Covid-19 impacted their chances of parenthood?

Understanding the causes for increasing infertility is critical to determine the impact of covid-19 on couples seeking diagnosis or treatment. In terms of identifying variables that contribute to decreased fertility among couples, some recent trends indicate that the average age for marriage has risen for couples due to a greater emphasis on education. Thus, the advanced age at which couples begin attempting to have children is responsible for a significant portion of the increase in infertility among couples. Off late there are a lot of elderly couples who have lost their child to covid and they want to try again.

This increase in age can be ascribed to the fact that couples prioritize financial independence over having children. It has also been shown that the average age for marriage in metropolitan settings has grown, which has shortened the time of increased fertility, particularly for women. Although males may not have the same reproductive constraints as women, they are also more likely to experience fewer problems when attempting to conceive when they are young. Lifestyle changes may also be a cause of lower fertility rates. I see at least 2-3 cases in a day with couples in the age group of 25 -45 years.

There are many varied advanced reproductive therapies such as in vitro fertilization or IVF, intra-cytoplasmic sperm injections, oral hormonal pills, or intrauterine fertility injections that increase fertilization chances. These treatments are considered after the couple has undergone testing and has been diagnosed with certain levels of infertility. Further, because of advancements in technologies used in reproductive therapy, procedures now have higher success rates. For example, IVF success rates of approximately 10% in 1990 have risen to 50%-60% today.

Despite these encouraging statistics, pandemic-induced intermittent lockdowns enforced following the first and second waves of the pandemic have affected aspiring couples and have restricted their options for treatments. Specialists have also seen a decrease in the number of people seeking treatment because of the increasing costs of both the procedures and keeping with the safety regulations that must be followed as per government Covid-19 regulations. These new regulations also add extra expense to the treatment. The other consequence of the pandemic has also resulted in many losing jobs and taking pay cuts that do not allow them to access these expensive reproductive therapy procedures. The sudden decrease in income has hindered many couples who would have otherwise undergone these procedures to forgo their chance for the immediate future.

Since most of these procedures require consistent treatment across the woman's menstrual cycles for adequate success, both physicians and patients are becoming increasingly unwilling to engage in these procedures in the face of uncertainty. In addition, patients and doctors were also afraid to begin these procedures, some of which needed general anaesthesia, for fear of testing positive for Covid-19, especially when patients have co-morbidities or are immunocompromised.

In such cases, most fertility clinics and specialists encourage patients to begin fertility treatment only after taking both doses of the vaccinations available and then begin more invasive treatments for their safety.

(The article is contributed by Dr Shivani Sachdev Gour, Infertility Specialist at SCI IVF Hospital in New Delhi)

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Coping With Coronavirus: Here's How The Pandemic Disrupted Fertility Treatments - TheHealthSite

Boris Johnson should introduce financial penalties, including cuts to pensions, for former ministers and officials who flout lobbying rules, according to a major report calling for a reform of standards in office.

The independent Committee on Standards in Public Life, which was set up by John Major in 1995 to advise prime ministers, argues the existing system for transparency around lobbying is not fit for purpose.

The report, which also calls for an overhaul of the ministerial code, comes after the Greensill lobbying scandal, when it emerged David Cameron had privately messaged senior ministers, and concerns over ministers breaching the code without facing sanctions.

In a withering verdict of the current systems, the authors warn: It is clear to this committee that degree of independence in the regulation of the ministerial code, public appointments, business appointments and appointments to the House of Lords falls below what is necessary to ensure effective regulation and maintain public credibility.

The committee said it recognises widespread discontent over the operation of the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments (ACOBA) a system that vets jobs taken on by former ministers and ex-senior civil servants.

The report recommends extending a lobbying ban to five years in certain cases where officials were privy to privileged information, and stressed: The lack of any meaningful sanctions for a breach of these rules is no longer sustainable.

Chaired by the former MI5 chief, Jonathan Evans, the committee added: The government should set out what the consequences for any breach of contract will be.

Possible sanctions may include seeking an injunction prohibiting the uptake of a certain business appointment, or the recouping of a proportion of an office holders pension or severance payment.

Lord Eric Pickles a former Tory cabinet minister who chairs ACOBA has previously expressed concerns about anomalies in the vetting system when it emerged a former official held a role at Greensill Capital while remaining as a civil servant.

On the ministerial code, the report suggests there still needs to be greater independence in the regulation ... which lags behind similar arrangements for MPs, peers and civil servants.

The recommendation follows last years controversy when Sir Alex Allan resigned as Mr Johnsons ethics adviser after the prime minister overruled his findings that the home secretary, Priti Patel, had bullied staff in breach of the ministerial code.

The report, published today, urges the government to enshrine the ministerial code in primary legislation and ensure it details sanctions prime ministers may issue, apologies, fines and asking for a ministers resignation.

Taking power away from No 10, it also suggests the prime ministers independent adviser should be able to initiate investigations into breaches of the ministerial code and have the authority to determine breaches of the code.

Mr Evans said there was a particular need for reform in central government, adding: It has become clear that a system of standards regulation, which relies on convention, is no longer satisfactory.

He stressed: Whereas parliament has undergone significant reform in recent years, and local government was reviewed by this committee in 2019, many of the arrangements in central government have not changed for over a decade.

Lord Evans added: We concluded that the current system of standards regulation is overly dependent on convention. The ethics regulators and the codes they enforce should have a basis in primary legislation, and government requires a more thorough and rigorous compliance function.

The arrangements to uphold ethical standards in government have come under close scrutiny and significant criticism in recent months. Maintaining high standards requires vigilance and leadership. We believe our recommendations outline a necessary programme of reform to restore public confidence in the regulation of ethical standards in government.

Responding to the report, the deputy leader of the opposition, Angela Rayner, said the Labour Party welcomed the recommendations. She said: Boris Johnson and his Conservative colleagues actions have repeatedly undermined standards in our public life.

The system is supposed to uphold the ministerial code. Lobbying rules, business appointments and transparency is clearly unfit for purpose. Ministers have disregarded the rules and it is about time for a radical overhaul of the system.

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Boris Johnson urged to impose financial penalties on ex-ministers and officials flouting lobbying rules - The Independent

Financial exploitation is one of the most prevalent forms of elder abuse and is a major public health problem.1 Older adults are more likely to have a nest egg, own their home, have excellent credit, and they are generally raised to be polite and trusting. Moreover, with age also comes reduced sensitivity to negative arousal cues, so even cognitively intact older adults can have functional changes that may render them financially vulnerable.2-4 Estimates by MetLife indicate that senior citizens lost $2.9 billion to elder financial abuse in 2010, and up from $2.6 billion in 2008.1,5 The Federal Trade Commissions survey on fraud prevalence in the United States revealed that African American and Latino consumers were more likely to become victims of fraud than non-Hispanic whites.6

Given that elder financial exploitation is associated with mortality, hospitalization, poor physical and mental health, lower quality of life, loss of independence, and significant financial hardship, fighting the crime of the 21st century is of utmost importance. As the elderly population continues to grow and become more diverse, primary intervention strategies will benefit both elderly and minority populations.

In 2010, approximately 1 in 5 Americans aged 65 years or older fell victim to financial abuse.5 Decision-making processes to avoid elder abuse require higher-order cognitive processes that decline with age. Even cognitively intact older adults can have functional brain changes that may render them financially vulnerable. The elderly population (aged 65 and older) is projected to reach 70 million by 2030. These estimates raise concern that increased susceptibility to deception will drive reduced quality of life and loss of independence, thereby negatively impacting the health status for a large segment of the US population.3,7

Individuals with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of becoming victims of scams due to decreased awareness, overestimation of competency in financial matters, social vulnerability, and changes in perceptual speed, episodic memory, and working memory.8,9 Furthermore, individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) are more likely to suffer the loss of twice as much money per case of financial exploitation.10 Poor decision making and greater susceptibility to scams have also been linked to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and these vulnerabilities can emerge even prior to a diagnosis of actual MCI.11 The prevalence of individuals with AD in the US population is growing and will increase almost threefold to 13.2 million by 2050.12 Current estimates project that 1 in every 45 Americans will have AD by 2047.13 In adults with MCI and AD, structural brain changes and deterioration in cognitive capacitates such as processing speed and episodic memory exacerbate susceptibility to scams.9,14 Diminished cognitive functioning has been linked not only to greater financial victimization in old age, but to AD onset as well.15,16

Family Caregiver Burden

The disease burden of AD is associated with weakened financial capacity and financial autonomy, thereby increasing family caregiver burden.17,18 Financial capacity is crucial for independent activities in daily life; however, individuals with AD and cognitive decline often demonstrate total loss of financial capacity, which can lead to psychological burden and distress.19 Impairments in financial capacity also contribute to economic hardship, significant concerns for patient welfare, and family caregiver burden. This is particularly important in light of a recent survey of 2000 nonprofessional caregivers which found that 92% provide financial assistance for the adults they care for.20 Managing AD patients disease and functional independence is an expensive endeavor, and financial exploitation only exacerbates the problem. Moreover, financial mismanagement among cognitively impaired individuals is one of the greatest sources of perceived caregiver burden.

As the number of older adults diagnosed with AD is expected to rise,12 safeguards are crucial to protect this population and their caregivers from scams. The chronic burden associated with fighting a degenerative disease, lapses in memory and judgment, and caregiver fatigue are examples of why individuals with MCI or AD and their caregivers are vulnerable targets for the crime of the 21st century. The impact of financial scamming on older adults and their families has direct implications for clinical care, particularly as psychiatrists and other mental health experts may be in a prime position to identify at-risk individuals before financial loss occurs.

Case Vignette

Mr Xavier is a 76-year-old gentleman recently diagnosed with MCI who receives a phone call from someone who claims to be his grandchild. The caller is frantic and explains that they are traveling abroad and have come into health troubles. They would like Mr Xavier to urgently wire money in order to settle the emergency. Specifically, the caller indicates that they require the money in order to pay a pressing hospital bill. The caller indicates just enough information to make the situation seem plausible. The caller then turns the phone over to a doctor who legitimizes the story. The caller seems quite embarrassed by the medical emergency and asks Mr Xavier to keep his financial assistance a secret from other family members and friends (eg, Dont tell mom; dont tell dad!).

Synthesis of Research

The current best protection against scams is education for the elderly and their caregivers. As examples, the FBI, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, USA.gov, and AARP all provide guidance on protection from scams. The status quo, as it pertains to prevention of scamming, includes hotlines, info-commercial home-based online education, legal interventions, and public lectures by law enforcement officials. Although these approaches have been shown to be cost effective and provide rapid response, major limitations to these intervention methods are that they: 1) do not preemptively target populations cognitively vulnerable to deception; 2) are not holistic and do not incorporate caregivers; and 3) are not often accessible to multilingual populations. A priori screening for susceptibility to deception and educational interventions would minimize adverse health outcomes and high costs of care, and may provide crucial interventions to both patients and their caregivers.

It is paramount that interventions for scamming specifically target vulnerable populations. Practicing psychiatrists and other mental health care providers are well positioned to conduct cognitive evaluations, assess capacity for financial decision making, and advise in advance care planning such as setting up trusts or facilitating discussions about creating a durable power of attorney. A behavioral science-based primary intervention approach would facilitate overcoming barriers, thereby opening new horizons for reducing public health burden due to financial fraud.

Dr Getz is an instructor in the Division of Neuropsychology, in the Department of Neurology of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Dr Galvinis a professor of neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and founding director of the Comprehensive Center for Brain Health.

Acknowledgements and Funding Sources

This study was supported by grants to SJG from the American Academy of Neurology, American Brain Foundation, and McKnight Brain Research Foundation, and to JEG from the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG071514, R01 AG069765, R01 AG057681, and R01 NS101483), the Harry T. Mangurian Foundation, and the Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

References

1. Acierno R, Hernandez MA, Amstadter AB, et al. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):292-297.

2. Samanez-Larkin GR, Knutson B. Decision making in the ageing brain: changes in affective and motivational circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015;16(5):278-289.

3. Carstensen LL, Turan B, Scheibe S, et al. Emotional experience improves with age: evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling.Psychol Aging. 2011;26(1):21.

4. Harl KM, Sanfey AG. Social economic decision-making across the lifespan: an fMRI investigation.Neuropsychologia. 2012;50(7):1416-1424.

5. Amstadter AB, Zajac K, Strachan M, et al. Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in South Carolina: the South Carolina elder mistreatment study.J Interpers Violence. 2011;26(15):2947-2972.

6. Anderson KB. Consumer fraud in the United States, 2011: The third FTC survey. Federal Trade Commission. April 2013. Accessed October 26, 2021. https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/consumer-fraud-united-states-2011-third-ftc-survey/130419fraudsurvey_0.pdf

7. Dong X, Simon MA. Elder abuse as a risk factor for hospitalization in older persons.JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(10):911-917.

8. Pinsker DM, McFarland K, Pachana NA. Exploitation in older adults: social vulnerability and personal competence factors.Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2010;29(6):740-761.

9. Han SD, Boyle PA, Yu L, et al. Grey matter correlates of susceptibility to scams in community-dwelling older adults. Brain Imaging Behav. 2016;10(2):524-532.

10. Jackson SL, Hafemeister TL. APS investigation across four types of elder maltreatment. Journal of Adult Protection. 2012;14:82-92.

11. Boyle PA, Yu L, Wilson RS, et al. Poor decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimers disease or mild cognitive impairment. PLOS One. 2012;7(8):e43647.

12. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, et al. Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(8):1119-1122.

13. Van Duijn C. Epidemiology of the dementias: recent developments and new approaches. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60(5):478-488.

14. Catalano LA, Lazaro C. Financial abuse of elderly investors: protecting the vulnerable. Journal of Securities Law, Regulation & Compliance. 2010;3(1).

15. James BD, Boyle PA, and Bennett DA. Correlates of susceptibility to scams in older adults without dementia. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(2):107-122.

16. Boyle PA, Yu L, Schneider JA, et al. Scam awareness related to incident Alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(10)702-709.

17. Marson DC, Martin RC, Wadley V, et al. Clinical interview assessment of financial capacity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(5):806-814.

18. Earnst KS, Wadley VG, Aldridge TM, et al. Loss of financial capacity in Alzheimer's disease: the role of working memory. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. 2001;8(2):109-119.

19. Moye J. Theoretical frameworks for competency in cognitively impaired elderly adults. Journal of Aging Studies. 1996;10(1):27-42.

20. Lynch M. The Journey of Caregiving: Honor, Responsibility and Financial Complexity. Merrill Bank. 2017. Accessed October 26, 2021. https://images.em.bankofamerica.com/HOST-03-19-0704/AgeWaveCaregivingWhitepaper.pdf

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Vulnerability to Financial Scamming: Victim and Family Protection - Psychiatric Times

Counties experience a rapid loss of personnel to the national government because of unattractive packages offered by their public service boards.

CPSBs are mandated to manage human resources at the county levels but cannot effectively do so because of frequent cash crises. They are mostly controlled by county executives.

CPSB National Consultative Forum chairperson Catherine Omweno on Friday said they ought to be financially independent to effectively operate. She spoke at the close of the forum's three-day meeting in Mombasa.

One of the key principles of devolution is to take services closest to the mwananchi. This can only be done through a strong skilled workforce, which also requires to be motivated, Omweno said.

She said the CPSBs are, for instance, forced by the executives to hire workers, failing which they are starved of cash.This means the boards end up hiring quacks and unqualified persons at the expense of professionalism.

And yet we want devolution to work! It is difficult, Omweno said.

Without cash, they cannot offer competitive packages to retain employees whose jobs can also be found at the national level.

Where terms and conditions of employment are not favourable in the counties, well end up having, for positions that are both at the county and the national level, a flight of staff from the counties to the national government, Omweno said.

National Assembly Speaker Justin Muturi, who closed the forum, said the 47 boards should be autonomous to effectively discharge their mandate.

For the counties to be independent, not just by name but also by deed, I would emphasise the need for them to have financial independence, Muturi said.

He said the boards currently operate at the whims of the county executives.Muturi said the law should be amended to provide for the financial independence of the boards.

As it is, they are at the mercy of the governors. And sometimes the governors may have different priorities from the boards.

Muturi said the boards are professional bodies and may have issues they want to articulate and implement, but the issues may be at variance with what the governors want.

That creates a lot of confusion and makes the boards look like they are not doing their work.

Already, a bill at the Senate seeks to amend the County Government Act to provide for that independence.

The CPSBs mirror the Public Service Commission at the national level. PSC is an independent commission and gets its funds directly from the Consolidated Fund, thus the Executive cannot interfere in the operation of the commission.

Muturi said CPSBs should operate the same way to protect devolution. He called on the MPs to fast-track the bill to achieve CPSB independence.

Omweno also recommended that similar county and national government positions be graded and remunerated the same in the spirit of norms and standards.

Currently, positions at the county level are graded at a much lower cadre than similar positions at the national level, making counties unattractive.

The CPSB Forum is already engaging the Salaries and Remuneration Commission to have this addressed.

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Counties' high staff turnover blamed on uncompetitive packages - The Star, Kenya

One of the glorious things about the financial industry is that specialised areas of business can become really important, really quickly, but the senior roles in them need to be filled by people with years of experience. This means that when a previously unfashionable product takes off, the small number of people who have been labouring away at it for years can name their price. Right now, for example, asset managers are crying out for senior ESG managers.

The ESG teams (sometimes nicknamed swampies after a celebrity environmental protestor) have historically been a bit of a backwater in many fund management companies. Its been a role that has employed proportionally more women than many areas, and (probably not coincidentally) hasnt paid particularly well. There was often a sense that an ethical fund, suitably marketed, would always get reasonable inflows from charities, endowments and retail, and so it didnt have to be as competitive in performance terms. All this tended to generate a slow and sleepy labour market, where people were actually prepared to take a pay cut in order to have a slightly more relaxed life and feel like they were doing a bit of good in the world.

All thats changing, of course; ESG is hotter than its ever been, and ESG fund launches are happening at such a pace that the regulators have got involved, reminding companies that if theyre going to put sustainable in the branding, then there needs to be someone around the place who knows what theyre talking about. It all adds up to what Tim Wright from Korn Ferry calls a double whammy of strong demand and short supply.

Its exacerbated by the fact that the sector is getting more competitive with all these fund launches, and so the ESG experts have to ideally be good at fund management too. According to Sophia Deen from recruitment firm Bruin Financial, asset managers are looking for like-for-like hires if someone is hiring for a head of ESG, they want someone in a similar role from another firm, rather than from a consultancy. Global heads are now being offered 500,000 in London, and potentially more in New York.

And the other great thing about the financial industry is that hot markets tend to transmit their heat to neighbouring functions. If a lot of ESG fund managers are being hired, they are going to want to be serviced by salespeople who remember not to pitch them oil stocks. So the sell-side ends up paying a premium for staff who can demonstrate familiarity with ESG investors. Analysts who can adapt their research to hit the right buttons will rise up the rankings. Even bankers will sooner or later get in on the act; we might not yet have seen the first specialist ESG SPAC team, but theres a venture capital boutique focused on vegan meat substitutes so it wont be long.

Elsewhere in the world, once upon a time the practice of putting less experienced bankers into leading roles on deals was called juniorization and people used to be a bit sniffy about it it was associated with lower-tier banks who were losing their MDs and trying to maintain their dealflow while cutting costs. But when Moelis and Evercore start doing more or less the same thing, it somehow seems a bit more classy.

According to Ken Moelis, the boutique version of juniorization is very different from what we saw in 2017, though. In many cases, the actual deal has been brought in by an executive director or even vice president rather than by one of the MDs who are usually responsible for origination. Apparently its mainly due to developments in the private equity industry there are five to 10 people that are 40 years old or younger at some of the biggest financial sponsors firms in the world, and they are happier to talk to someone who doesnt start going on about his son or daughter whenever they mention Reddit or TikTok. This might explain why the boutiques have been so aggressive in bidding up salaries at the junior ranks theyre expecting the payback period to be much quicker.

Meanwhile

No details and so no chance to look up on LinkedIn and find out which bank, but a TikToker called Dumpster Diving Freegan, who posts videos of herself salvaging wasted food, claims that she works in the banking industry. She also suggests that shes part of the FIRE (financial independence, retire early) trend and that the money she saves from her hobby is going into savings. (The Sun)

Is there a more musical two-word phrase in the English language than hiring spree? Cantor Fitzgerald wants to boost its investment banking and equities businesses, and so is looking for even more SPAC bankers, also tech specialists, equities sales and risk arbitrage traders. (Bloomberg)

Uma Thurman hosted a talk on the benefits of psychedelics while former heavyweight boxing champion Wladimir Klitschko was spotted milling about. Two prominent fund managers explained that their flight to lower tax states was related to the rhetoric that made their professional success feel unappreciated. When you take individual sentences out of context from the FTs reporting on the Milken Institute conference last week, they sound really quite unhinged. (Defector)

Congratulations to Vicki Tung on her promotion from head of campus recruiting to Global Head of Talent Acquisition at Goldman Sachs; in an interview on the company website she shares some of her career secrets. (Goldman Sachs)

Its not actually unusual for a top hedge fund manager to be paid multiples more than the CEO of the company he works for, but when that companys BlackRock, the amounts of money are likely to be startling. Alastair Hibberts hedge fund team apparently earned half of the performance fees for the entire group last year though, so theyre probably happy to write the nine-figure cheque. (Bloomberg)

Dan Loeb of Third Point, Stanley Shuman of Allen & Co, but very few investment bankers at Rupert Murdochs ninetieth birthday party. (Business Insider)

Photo by Karsten Winegeart on Unsplash

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The $500k job that banks can't find people to do - eFinancialCareers

Fahad Hafiz, Managing Director & CEO, Syndicate Investments

November 01: Syndicate Investments is an investment company that invests in companies and provides them with the equity capital and support necessary to scale up from early-stage startups to successful businesses. With a presence in more than 16 locations globally and with $500M assets under management, Syndicate Investments is a recognized top-ranking investment company. It has a proven track record of finding the next big thing in a variety of industries and sectors. With customized investment plans for individuals as well as corporates, Syndicate Investments guarantees fixed returns. One can invest in fixed deposits, bonds & stocks, property and so on.

Fahad Hafiz, Founder & CEO of Syndicate Investments, firmly believes in investments. He says, Successful investing is all about managing risk and not avoiding it. He further adds, Life is uncertain, and one must be prepared at every step. There are multiple forms of investments that can cater to the needs of individuals. Dont wait for the right time; just go ahead and invest according to your budget. Fahad Hafiz is specialized in Banking, Corporate, Finance, and Securities Law. He is the Chairman of the Board of The Asper Company, CEO of Hydra Motors, and a Business Partner at Wattum, a blockchain firm. With his in-depth knowledge and industry experience, he envisions assisting people who are keen on investing but lack knowledge and support. He desires to help people to have a successful passive income for the upbringing of the global economy and safeguarding at times of economic crisis.

Empowered by more than 700 employees, Syndicate Investments has assisted multiple clients in portfolio management. Financial independence is the need of the hour, and the team takes all the measures to understand their client needs. With the support and guidance of investment bankers, portfolio managers, financial advisors, technical experts, sales managers, and support executives, Syndicate Investments has assisted people in making the right investment decision at the right time. The investment options like Fixed Deposit can fetch a return of up to 13% per annum, and the profit is paid monthly. This is the highest interest rate in India. Individuals investing in Bonds & Stocks can expect returns up to 20% per annum.

With a vision to cross $1 Billion by 1st January 2022, Syndicate Investments is on its journey. For more information, visit https://www.syndgrp.com/.

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Syndicate Investments brings the best investment options to beat the economic crisis - ED Times

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Welcome to the Money Savvy podcast. Im Boitumelo Ntsoko. October is retirement month and throughout this month the Money Savvy podcasts have covered topics such as how to recover when you have a retirement funding shortfall, where alternative investments should form part of your retirement plan, and we looked at where say-at-home parents can save for retirement. As we wrap up this four-part video series, in this episode were exploring how to retire early with Rick Briers-Danks, who is a certified financial planner at Veritas Wealth. Welcome to Money Savvy, Rick.

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Thanks, Tumi, thanks for having me.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: A lot of people dream about cutting their careers short and retiring early, but with life expectancy increasing is this still a viable goal to work towards?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Look, the idea of the retirement age of 65 is a bit of a misnomer. Its like a completely arbitrary age. I think it actually dates back to about 1889 in Germany, when Otto von Bismarck decided when somebody would qualify for a pension. He picked an age of 65. Funnily enough, at that time the average life expectancy was about 40 or something like 40 or 45. So that age of 65 retirement is really a bit of a misnomer.

But to answer your question I think it comes down to personal choice. Many people have a goal of retiring early, but I think the bigger question here is: why do you want to retire early? What do you want to achieve? What are you aiming for? You know are you going to pursue other interests when you retire Are you going to pursue other passions? Are you going to work for an NGO, or are you going to give back to society? Or are you planning to make a difference in the world? What are you actually doing it for? Or is it trying to become financially independent as quickly as possible and have choices? Or do you just want to stay at home and, say, play golf? Is that your game?

I dont know if youre aware, but theres a movement called Fire, which is F,I,R,E. It basically stands for Financial Independence Retire Early. Those guys are taking things to the next level. They literally are trying to save so aggressively, they are trying to save between 50 and 75% of their income and, by doing that, it allows them to retire in their mid-thirties, forties and its based on two main principles.

The first one is you need to have a very good income early on in your career to be able to save. The second one is obviously you need to be so aggressive on your living costs and your expenses that you need to live on the smell of an oil rag and save as much as you can. Then, they say, you can retire early and become financially independent.

Personally, I commend people who are focused, and so focused on retirement. Id wish all my clients were so focused on retirement, but I just believe that life is kind of worth living. I dont think having such a relentless focus on a goal of getting to a number is that healthy. I think lifes a bit of a journey; its not a destination. Thats probably a way of saying it.

The road is long, and I think there are lots of twists along the way, and lots of transitions in your life. Youre going to go through lots of things in your life and its not as a matter of just saving as aggressively as you can and then retiring.

So in this Fire principle, while I like the first part of it being the financial independence side; but the retire early you need to just really think about that. As a matter of fact theres actually a youngster who hit his Fire total, and made a comment the other day I read this on a blog where he said: Ive saved so aggressively. I was [so] relentlessly focused on my savings and hitting my goal that Id actually forgotten how to live. It was like he had no social life, no connections. He just was [at a loss]. He asked: Can you help me learn to live my life?

So, yeah, while its a great goal, I think you need to maybe explore the reasons why you want to retire early. What are you actually planning on?

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Now for those who are determined to retire early, how do they calculate the amount of capital they need to be able to do so?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Tumi, when people ask me and I get this a lot as a financial planner How much do I need to retire? At least my standard answer is It really depends because it really does depend.

It depends on how you want to live your life. But if I have to give you an answer, I would probably say the guide for somebody retiring at 65 is that they should have enough capital to support a drawdown of 5%. What that means is, if you take 5% of your capital annually, can you live off that number? You should work that out and then you can work backwards. But if youre retiring early, I would think youd need to build in a bit of protection there. So certainly not 5%; it would probably be like 3.5% to be safe, depending on how early you are looking to retire.

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: And then, of course, probably the best way to do that work is to actually do a bit of a cash flow modelling exercise, like What do I need to live on? and then build in things like I want to go travelling, I want to replace my car. I need to factor in looking after my mom when shes older. I need to educate children. All of those sorts of things. And if you get down to the detail, youll build yourself a pretty robust plan, and thats going to give you a fair idea of the capital you need. So a good lifestyle financial planner or CFP [certified financial planner] can help you do that.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Now, once you have the magic number, what should be your investment strategy going forward?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: The investment strategy? In broad principles, the longer your time horizon the more aggressive you can be with your investments.

But I think the most important thing to be aware of is that inflation is your biggest enemy. Its enemy number one in retirement.

So whatever your investment strategy is, it needs to be targeting an inflation-beating figure. Your mandate has to [be to] beat inflation over time. Factored into that is you need to know how much youre spending. Whatever that spend number is, you need to factor in inflation over time. Of course you need to have a well-diversified portfolio, which well probably get on to just now.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Just on that, what tax-saving tools should you employ to actually achieve that goal?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Traditionally you would use all your tax breaks in saving for retirement, using your retirement annuity. Or if you were at work with a pension, youd use a pension fund or a provident fund, whatever your work offered. Youre doing that because youre getting a tax break, youre getting a tax incentive. It would be a no-brainer to use those things.

But now we are flipping this thing on its head and you are saying, well, you want to retire early.

A problem with retiring early is all the retirement products have a rule that you can retire from them only at age 55.

So you need to think of others not to say you wont use them because you are going to reach 55 at some point, and you can definitely use those products. But I think you would need to factor in other things like tax-free savings accounts. I think you can save R36000 a year now into those, so that would be a definite no-brainer. Youd be wanting to maximise those. Youre going to be using discretionary savings, basically like a discretionary unit-trust-based saving share portfolio.

I suppose the other thing to consider is a property, a property getting a nice diversified rental income stream. So yeah, you should be diversified. Thats probably the key.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Now, when drafting your plan, how do you then factor in unpredictable events such as pandemics and market shocks?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Lets say youre retire at 50 and your life expectancy is 90, youre going to have 40 years of investment horizon. Thats a long time. I can virtually guarantee that youre going to go through a number of economic shocks along the way, corrections, market shocks. Its inevitable. The key is youre not going to know when theyre going to happen because thats exactly what they are, they are unpredictable. Its easy to sit here and say that, but dont get too emotional about it. You need to remain invested through these ups and downs and to sort of stick to your mandate. Youve got a long investment horizon stick to it.

Theres a saying that the only free lunch that you have in the investing world is diversification.

Thats the key here. To just remain well-diversified across a number of asset classes is probably the key.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Now, obviously investing is just one part of the plan. What lifestyle choices should you make to achieve your goal?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Yeah. Putting yourself into a position to retire early is all about behaviour, really. Youre going to have to be absolutely ruthless on your costs, cutting your living costs down, probably really cutting down on luxuries. Youre going to have to be quite aggressive on that in the accumulation phase of your life. So its making lifestyle adjustments.

Look, the one thing that intrigues me is youre going to be in this phase of saving as aggressively as possible through your accumulation stage. Youre going to get to, say, 45 or whatever your early retirement date is. Youre going to have to have a change in mindset and that mindset is going to be well, now Im not accumulating as aggressively. Im now going to start living on my capital. I can tell you, as somebody who advises people going into retirement, its a change that somebody has to go through like now they are actually drawing down on this capital amount of money, and its quite an adjustment. I think its going to be quite difficult to deal with. So youve got to be ready for that, but be coaching through all of that.

So I guess to answer your question, no, investing is one thing but theres a lot more behind that. Really its about getting your mind around it all and being ready for what it all means. So its not just money, essentially.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Do you think its advisable for those who are aiming to retire early to be flexible with the retirement age that they were envisioning?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: We have a planning tool that obviously has a bunch of assumptions, like return assumptions. But, as we know in life, returns dont come in a straight line and you never know whats around the corner. Yes, we can project and plan and make assumptions, but its never, ever going to happen like that on a straight line. All were doing is were trying to get ourselves as close to a [certain] picture as we can, and we are tweaking that all the time.

So to answer your question, absolutely be flexible. Life has a way of happening and the money just follows and its part of it. So yes, you have to be absolutely flexible. It may come earlier, it may come later. Things change all the time. You may have some life events, life transitions that happen. So you really need to be flexible.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: What other factors should you consider when drafting your early-retirement plan?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: The most important thing is to ask yourself: What am I doing when I retire, what am I actually going to be doing? What is your purpose? Human beings need to have a purpose. I think you need to remain connected, you need stimulation and a work environment gives you all of those things. It gives you a sense of worth, a meaning, so you really need to think through what you are actually going to be doing in retirement.

And then there are the obvious things, which are that you need to do your planning properly. You need to make sure are my costs correct? I need to adjust by inflation all the time, and certain costs dont behave like other costs. Medical aids escalate on average by 10%, so you need to have an inflation-plus on medical-aid costs.

There are a lot of factors to consider, but with some good planning and some help its not difficult to do. But be prepared to be flexible.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Now lets say you do manage to retire early, what would be the ideal drawdown rate, lets say, for a 40-year-old versus a 55-year-old?

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Theres a book called The 100-year Life, written by two people [Lynda GrattonandAndrew Scott] whove done a lot of research. Basically, people are living longer and, going back to the retirement age of 65 even that is young. So when you talk about retiring at 40 and 55, theres a long, long investment horizon there. Just talking about The 100-Year Life book, it really talks about going through almost three phases of work in your life. This is how we are going to evolve. People are living longer and its about almost re-skilling.

So youre going to maybe study at university or wherever, and youre going to do your first job, lets say. And then later on you are going to re-skill, youre going to take time out and youre going to do a second job. It could be completely unrelated. And then later in life, youre going to take some time off, you are going to re-skill, study again, and youre going to do a third job. But in all of this time, taking time off, you are refocusing, you are recalibrating, and thats because were living longer. We need to keep engaged. The authors look at it like that. They actually reckon were going to be working in our eighties and its good for us.

So when you talk about retiring at 40, 55, you need to have a plan of what youre going to do in that time. To answer your question, you need to keep a drawdown which is going to be sustainable if youve got this pot of money, if youre not going to be adding to it or doing anything in retirement to create income. Normally the guide is 5% at 65. So it needs to be 4% of that at 55, somewhere around there. And if its lower, like 3.5% drawdown would be a safe drawdown, to answer your question.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: Thank you so much Rick, for joining us on this episode.

RICK BRIERS-DANKS: Cool. Thanks for having me to me, Tumi.

BOITUMELO NTSOKO: That was Rick Briers-Danks, a certified financial planner at Veritas Wealth.

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Want to retire early? Here's what you need to know - Moneyweb

Devang Mehta, Head Equity Advisory at Centrum Wealth

If you feel selling is the hard part of investing, and not buying, then holding on is harder. In a raging bull market, where every trader has a tale to tell on choosing the right stock and making obscene returns within a small span of time, youre bound to let go your great businesses in a hunt for instant gratification.

When you talk or write on this natural phenomenon, it will invariably attract discussions and heated debates. To each, his own.

The art of holding great businesses has, however, helped investors build, preserve and multiply their wealth and achieve that much-needed financial independence.

But, despite the evidence in support of buy-and-hold investing, many investors find it difficult to be patient. This is often because the apprehension and uneasiness associated with a higher level of investment risk can make it tempting to over-trade. During periods of market volatility, a sensible buy-and-hold investment can quickly turn into an active trading strategy. This can mean that you end up buying and selling at just the wrong time.

While the days of ignorance is bliss seem to be over in this highly disruptive world, it is very important to recognise the qualities of a business, which you want to hold for the long term. Of course, being proactive and modifying your strategy from Buy and Hold to Buy, Monitor and Hold is more crucial now.

Finding companies that can grow at a sustainably high rate by using the rear-view mirror and the windshield to map the future prospects ensure that you build a portfolio of great businesses.

The broad parameters we use to select the businesses include the size of the opportunity, market share of the company, and its margin of safety. The process assures that you cherry-pick companies with pricing power, monopolistic or oligopolistic advantages, high ROE (return on equity), no or low debt with a potential to grow its market share, revenue, margins, profitability and hence market capitalisation across difficult cycles.

Businesses that can deliver growth without stretching the balance sheets and without asking for more capital and where the quality of growth is exceptional in terms of incremental returns on capital, they will increase the per-share value for shareholders over the long term. That probable growth in value is sometimes mispriced by markets even if the stock has appreciated a lot. Under those situations, it would be a mistake to sell. Valuation should not be the only criterion, though it has to be one of them.

Very few investors utilise the power to average on the way up in high quality businesses. If you have picked the right business, which will be worth several times present market valuation in a few years, dont hesitate to buy its shares, just because they are quoting at an all-time high market prices.

I can provide examples of companies like Nestle, Britannia, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, HDFC Limited, Bajaj Finance, Titan, Havells, Pidilite Industries, Asian Paints, Berger Paints, Infosys, TCS, Aarti Industries, Abbott India, Marico and many more which have been compounders to the tune of 20 to 40 percent (read CAGR) for the last 15 to 20 years. These are simple examples and should not be understood as recommendations.

Contrary to this, if the business is delivering far poor performance consistently than what you had foreseen earlier, and that performance is likely to continue because the moat is impaired, you should be ready to exit and switch to a more meritorious business. A flexible and an open-minded approach to accept the mistakes made will warrant that one doesnt get attached to the business.

Games are won by players who focus on the field, not the ones looking at the scoreboard, Warren Buffett said. Long-term investors should focus on what matters, business growth not price swings, except for extremes. It is crucial to stay throughout market cycles, as even missing just a few of the best days can have a major impact on your long-term returns.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed by investment expert on Moneycontrol.com are his own and not that of the website or its management. Moneycontrol.com advises users to check with certified experts before taking any investment decisions.

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The art of building wealth by holding on to great businesses - Moneycontrol.com