Category Archives: Financial Independence

In a recent USA TODAY survey spanning states with populations exceeding two million, Washington has emerged as a leader in providing financial support to adult children. The study, focusing on parents of Gen Z and Millennial adults, sheds light on the ongoing trend of parents footing bills for their offspring's phone plans, health insurance, streaming services, and more, well into adulthood.

Key Findings in Washington:

- High Level of Support: Washington parents rank second in the U.S. in terms of financial assistance per month to adult children aged 22-40. They provide an average of $853 per month. Washington is first in America for total support provided to adult children.

- Financial Strain on Parents: One in three parents in Washington report that supporting their adult children financially puts them under strain.

- No Contingencies: 43% of Washington parents offering support do so without any contingencies.

Nationwide Trends:

- 65% of American Parents Provide Support: Across the U.S., 65% of parents help their adult children financially.

- Financial Independence Expected: On average, American parents believe children should be financially independent by age 24.

- Support Varies by State: The support varies significantly across states, with California, Washington, and Virginia parents offering over $800 monthly on average.

Types of Support:

- Washington parents are notable for paying for their children's entertainment subscriptions, such as Netflix and Spotify.

- Groceries and housing are the top types of financial support provided by parents nationwide.

Opinions on Financial Independence:

- The expected age of financial independence varies by state, with parents in high-cost states like New York expecting it nearly at age 26, while those in states like New Mexico set the age just under 23.

Economic Climate's Impact:

- 51% of parents nationwide believe Millennials need more support due to the economic climate.

- 84% report that supporting their adult children does not cause resentment or tension.

Recommendations for Parents:

- Budgeting for Support: Parents are advised to include financial support as an expense in their budget.

- Retirement Planning: Parents should periodically review their retirement outlook, especially if they are supporting their adult children.

- Using Rewards Credit Cards: For direct payments like groceries or subscriptions, using a rewards credit card can be beneficial.

- Credit Building for Young Adults: Parents can help their young adult children build credit by adding them as authorized users on credit cards.

Survey Methodology:

The survey, conducted between October 5-19, 2023, polled 5,000 American parents from 36 states. It aimed to gauge the level of financial support offered to adult children, considering the dollar value, variety, and percentage of parents providing support. Washington's high ranking underscores the continued financial dependency of many young adults on their parents in today's economic landscape.

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WA Parents Lead in Funding Adult Kids, Survey Shows - Source ONE News

In this edition of the reader story we meet a geophysicist who shares his 25-year journey to financial independence that started with recurring deposits.

About this series:I am grateful to readers for sharing intimate details about their financial lives for the benefit of readers. Some of the previous editions are linked at the bottom of this article. You can also access the fullreader story archive.

Opinions published in reader stories need not represent the views of freefincal or its editors. We must appreciate multiple solutions to the money management puzzle and empathise with diverse views. Articles are typically not checked for grammar unless necessary to convey the right meaning and preserve the tone and emotions of the writers.

If you would like to contribute to the DIY community in this manner, send your audits to freefincal AT Gmail dot com. They can be published anonymously if you so desire.

Please note: We welcome such articles from young earners who have just started investing. See, for example, this piece by a 29-year-old:How I track financial goals without worrying about returns. We have also started a new mutual fund success stories series. This is the first edition: How mutual funds helped me reach financial independence. Now, over to the reader.

My name is Prakash, and I am 48 years old, married with 2 kids (16 and 13 years). My first experience with financial planning started way back in 1998 when I started working in one of the major IT companies from the campus. My father, a professor at Delhi University with very little financial awareness apart from the regular instruments like bank, post office, etc., advised me to start an automatic monthly RD. I invested around 25% of my net pay, as I was staying home and had very few expenses.

In a year, I saw a good amount sitting in my bank balance, and as luck would have it (as was the case at that time), I was sent to the US for work. My father had started investing some money in company FDs. He suggested that I write him some blank cheques every month, and he can invest on my behalf since I would not need the local salary deposited in my Indian bank each month by my company.

Until then, I had only seen the magic of saving regularly and had no particular interest or knowledge of how investments worked. I came back after a year to see that my investments nearly gave a healthy 20% ROI! (it was the pre-2001 era; those old enough can understand the market frenzy at that time). Luckily, my father had taken my funds out and not reinvested them.

He eventually lost money on some of his own investments when he tried to replicate the same around 2003. However, I was fascinated by the ups and downs of the financial market and was eager to see how best to invest more. Still, I did not know how to go about it there were no AIFW (Facebook group, Asan Ideas for Wealth) or SEBI registered planners at the time.

In the meantime, I moved to Bangalore for another job and met my now-wife there, who came from the world of startups. She introduced me to an ex-colleague who started his investment management company after being fired from the startup. This was 2002. (this firm is now fairly large and has a well-established presence in major cities in India).

I started with a very modest SIP of around INR 10,000 per month, and of course, we did not do any financial planning formally, but the goal of savings for the future was well understood. We got married in 2003, and we first entered the world of financial planning in 2004 when we went abroad again and decided to plan our financial goals for the mid and long term. At that time, retirement and long-term goals were still far-fetched.

I had already bought my first apartment and had a car, so the usual goals seemed fulfilled. My investments then were predominantly MF (60-70% Equity and Balanced, and the rest were Debt). At that time, the investment management company started toying with the idea of direct equity trading on behalf of the clients.

I still did not pay enough attention to educating myself partly because there were no easy ways to learn, and the financials and the markets were like Greek and Latin for a Geophysicist like me.

We returned to India in 2006 when I switched jobs again, and this time, I got a good raise. Luckily, I always had the habit of increasing my savings every time I got a bonus or a raise. Till 2010, my average annual savings were around 30% of my net pay, and I also had a decent market return -around 18-20%. In the meantime, we had two children, and I also did an executive MBA. At this time, we also started actively looking after our health I trained to run marathons and ran many of them in the next few years, and my wife started a fitness program with a startup gym. We started nutritious and conscious eating as well.

In around 2012, we decided to make a proper financial plan again, and for the first time, I aspired to reach some long-term goals like retirement, childrens education, etc. But I soon realised that I might never be able to attain these + other goals unless some miracle happens or we significantly improve the earnings. As luck would have it, we moved to the Middle East in 2013, providing an excellent opportunity to start saving for the future.

I also started taking an active interest in investing by reading Benjamin Graham, and I was fascinated. Armed with my MBA knowledge, I started looking closely at the markets, businesses, etc, and I was able to engage meaningfully with my financial advisor. In the next 3 years, I reached around 65% of my retirement corpus (which was based on 2012 figures)! Naturally, I was pumped about this, and for the first time in my life, I felt major goals could be reached.

Around 2015, we had a close encounter with the dreaded C, and we managed to navigate 1.5 years of treatments, etc. The cost of treatment in a private room is nearly 3-4 times higher than that in a general ward. You realise that you reach a point when you need better privileges, whether it is being treated in a private room with Wi-Fi or buying smartphones, going on foreign travels and so on. Thankfully, I had complete insurance coverage from my employer. I also had two private health insurance which I did not have to use.

Having realised the importance of healthcare and its potentially huge costs, I decided to continue my private insurance policies for a couple of reasons in case of some contingencies like a sudden job loss and the high cost of buying a fresh policy in your 40s and 50s.

We also had to look at our life goals in the light of healthcare and lifestyle inflation. After all the planning, it was clear that we still had a long way to go!

In 2016, I allocated around 10% of my corpus to a fund for startups as an experiment as I felt I had some appetite to increase my risk and joined the bandwagon. Please note that all these investments were made through our financial advisor company that belonged to our friend. Now, I was part of his circle, where he would openly share the risks and opportunities of some unique investment ideas, even investing his own money in many cases.

Around 2016, we moved to Denmark, which posed a new challenge due to the notional tax on MF. I had to liquidate all my MFs and gradually moved to PMS as they were the only equity-based instruments offered by my advisors. My previous attempts at trading in the markets proved to be a failure since I was inconsistent and didnt have the time to invest in this pursuit.

Fast forward to 2023, when we have moved to 3 more countries and have been in Uganda for the last 2 years. Our investment journey has been varied and enriching based on the opportunities available and the taxations we were subjected to (DTAA, ease of administration of DTAA, best tax regime, etc). Since 2016, I have gradually moved most of my investments outside India to diversify and make it easier to administer.

In more than 25 years of my career, I have actively invested for around 23 years and the last 22 years have been with the same planner. I have/had investments in the following:

Around the COVID years, I realized that I had achieved FI. Initially, I was very elated and started reading about all kinds of FIRE stories and started dreaming about all kinds of things I could do instead of working in a 9 to 5 job (teaching Physics to teenagers- although my daughter disagrees with this choice having been at the receiving end of my teaching), travel the world and so. However, I soon realized that I enjoy my work, where I get lots of leisure time and holidays to pursue my passions. There is no reason to retire (at least not yet).

Snapshot of where I stand today in terms of goals.

Investment instruments summary (approximate split)

In all these years, I realised that financial independence is linked closely to life and our outlook. Here are a few things I have learnt, some of it the hard way:

I have left out any references to returns as I feel they are meaningless in the long term, and a more relevant goal is whether you are meeting your objectives. Everyones journey is unique; ultimately, we must travel our paths to reach our destinations.

I have benefited by starting early, not dipping into my corpus for any unforeseen needs and luck I started when Indias growth story was starting and short perturbations like 2008/2014 or Covid did not impact me as much.

I hope this can inspire you to work towards your own goals and achieve them. Good luck!

As regular readers may know, we publish a personal financial audit each December this is the 2022 edition: Portfolio Audit 2022: The Annual Review of My Goal-based Investments. We asked regular readers to share how they review their investments and track financial goals.

These published audits have had a compounding effect on readers. If you would like to contribute to the DIY community in this manner, send your audits to freefinc`al AT Gmail. They could be published anonymously if you so desire.

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Glenn Brown, CFP The Clash Against The Magnificent Seven

Never before has the S&P 500 been this top-heavy.

The seven largest companies by market capitalization (Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet, Nvidia, Meta, and Tesla) comprise more than 29% of the S&P 500 index. These companies dubbed the Magnificent Seven have performed very well in 2023.

A November 14th Goldman Sachs report shared that the Magnificent Seven have gained 71% this year while the other 493 stocks in the S&P 500 have gained just 6%. Given market cap distribution, which allows larger stocks to contribute more to the indexs movements, the S&P 500 has gained +19% this year.

Thus, if one owns the other 493 stocks but not the Magnificent Seven, theyre trailing the S&P 500 Index by ~13%.

As for other asset classes YTD through 11/14: +9.1% MSCI EAFE (International) Index. +7.5% Gold. +5.1% Dow Jones Industrial Average (Apple, Microsoft are components). +5.0% MSCI Emerging Markets Index. +3.4% U.S. Small Cap (Russell 2000) Index. +0.4% U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. -0.6% Morningstar U.S. Real Estate Index. What of dividend stocks? Vanguards Dividend Appreciation +7.9% trails S&P 500 Index by ~11% even though its largest holdings Apple and Microsoft are ~9%. It cant own other Magnificent Seven stocks because they dont pay dividends (yet). Before asking, what about NASDAQ 100s +34.6%? Understand, Magnificent Seven are 44% of that indexs 100 stocks.

Yes, Magnificent Seven 2023 returns are eye-popping, but lets review 2022 then add together for net total return (not average) from 01/01/22 -11/14/23. Apple: 2022 -26%; 2023 +45%; Net +7% Microsoft: 22 -28%; 23 +56%; Net +12% Amazon: 22 -50%; 23 +74; Net -13% Alphabet: 22 -39%; 23 +51%; Net -8% Nvidia: 22 -51%; 23 +240%; Net +69% Meta: 22 -64%; 23 +179%; Net 0% Tesla: 22 -65%; 23 +93%; Net -32%

Still, since 2018 the Magnificent Seven have outpaced the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100. Not the first time a concentrated group of tech stocks outperformed 5 years to sit near the top of S&P 500.

In the late 90s, Dell, Cisco Systems, Intel and Microsoft were deemed The Four Horsemen.

To end 1999, the Top 10 S&P 500 Index holdings were Microsoft, General Electric, Cisco, ExxonMobil, Wal-Mart, Intel, Lucent, IBM, America Online and Citigroup. Notice 7 out of Top 10 were technology. Dell was #18, between Nortel Networks and MCI Worldcom.

A What Happened To? article should be done, but understand from 2000-2009, aka The Lost Decade, the S&P 500 Index lost -9%. The best performing Four Horseman, Microsoft, had a -36% decline for 2000s. Diversification and Equal-Weight At Work.

If S&P 500 was negative for the 2000s, so was everything else. Right? Nope. Per indices cited previously, Gold returned +274%, U.S. REITs +162%, Emerging Markets +154%, U.S. Bonds +85%, U.S. Small Caps +44%, and International stocks was +12%.

Additionally, the Equal-Weight S&P 500 Index was +65% for the 2000s.

An equal-weight index is when all components are weighted equally. In todays terms, a Magnificent Seven stock impacts the same as Lululemon, Hubbell and Blackstone, all recently added to S&P 500 Index.

This isnt to say sell this or buy that, as everyones situation is different with goals, taxes, risk tolerance and timelines. Its to help educate, understand what you own and why you own it.

You should go to your CFP for your customized recommendations.

The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual.

Glenn Brown lives in MetroWest and is owner of PlanDynamic, LLC, http://www.PlanDynamic.com. He is a fee-only Certified Financial Planner helping motivated people take control of their planning and investing, so they can balance kids, aging parents and financial independence.

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The Clash Against The Magnificent Seven - Community Advocate

What is the perfect age to retire? Here are the 5 crucial questions you need to answer now

Sixty-one is the average age of retirement, according to 2022 analysis from Gallup. But is that really the perfect age for you?

Most workers wont be able to start claiming their Social Security benefits until the next year. And even then, youll only be entitled to a portion of the full amount.

Picking the right time to give up work and live off your savings can be daunting. If you retire too early, you risk missing out on additional income. Too late, and youve lost some quality time with family or the ability to do the things you love. Here are five questions to ask yourself before making this decision.

While the median age of retirement is 62, life expectancy in the U.S. is 77.5 years as of 2022. That means most retirees can expect about 15 or 16 years of retirement. However, you should also consider the quality of life in these later years.

You could enjoy all 15 years (or more) if youre healthy. But if you have an underlying medical issue, some of those years might not be as enjoyable. You also need to consider the additional costs. The average healthy 65-year-old is expected to spend $404,253 on health care costs over their lifetime, according to RBC Wealth Management. These are out-of-pocket and dont include the costs of long-term care.

Serious illness and inflation can raise these costs, too. Consider these risks while crafting your retirement plans.

Your career has a significant impact on your retirement. If you have a high-paying desk job, you might be accustomed to a lifestyle thats more expensive to maintain. If you do physical labor, you need to consider the impact on your body and the potential for an early retirement simply because of the physical toll its taking.

But, you might love your job. If work is play, why give it up? Warren Buffett was rich enough to retire decades ago but still shows up to work at 93. If youre fortunate enough to be in a similar position, consider delaying retirement.

Read more: Thanks to Jeff Bezos, you can now use $100 to cash in on prime real estate without the headache of being a landlord. Here's how

Aligning your retirement plan with your partner should be a key consideration. This is true even if youre divorced, since you might have to factor in child support payments.

If you live with your partner, consider their age, medical needs and capacity to work. Plus, your partner might expect you to spend more time with them after they retire, which effectively prepones your retirement. Alternatively, you might have to work longer to support their spending needs or medical requirements. Keep this in mind as you get closer to 60.

Children are another major factor when considering retirement. Your children could delay or prepone your retirement, depending on their financial independence. A recent Bankrate survey found that 68% of parents with adult children have made financial sacrifices to help them. A monthly allowance, rent support or any other form of financial assistance needs to be factored into your retirement plan.

If youre planning to leave your kids an early inheritance due to tax concerns, this needs to be part of the plan too.

After youve considered all of the other questions on this list, it all comes down to the most important one: money.

Figuring out how much money you need is tricky. Many people use the 4% rule (which refers to how much retirees should withdraw each year from their retirement savings). This implies that a person needs at least 25 times their annual expenses to retire. Assuming your annual expenses are $60K, you might need $1.5 million to retire. If you have that already, theoretically, you could retire today.

But if you think you need more, or if you estimate higher expenses in retirement, your target should probably be higher. Working with a professional financial adviser can help you figure out how long it will take to get there.

This article provides information only and should not be construed as advice. It is provided without warranty of any kind.

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What is the perfect age to retire? Here are the 5 crucial questions you need to answer now - AOL

For the past several weeks, dozens of candidates have been facing a five-person committee in a dark, book-lined room at Italys Culture Ministry, hoping to convince the panel that they should be selected to direct some of Italys top museums, including the Uffizi in Florence, the Capodimonte in Naples, the Brera in Milan and seven others.

Ten candidates are up for each job. The committee will whittle each list down to three, based on the interview and the candidates knowledge of a host of issues new technologies, cultural heritage legislation, sponsorship opportunities as well as their vision for each museum. The final selection will be made sometime next month by Gennaro Sangiuliano, Italys culture minister, and Massimo Osanna, the ministrys director overseeing museums.

It has been eight years since a reform granted some Italian arts institutions greater autonomy and opened up the position of museum director to people from outside the culture ministrys ranks. The then-culture minister, Dario Franceschini, sought applications from foreigners to shake up the museum sector, even publishing the job advertisement in The Economist magazine. At the first 20 museums affected by the reform, Franceschini appointed seven foreigners and several Italians with experience abroad, who were hired for a four-year contract, that could be renewed once.

It was an opening that brought fresh air into the whole system, said Luca Giuliani, an archaeologist who was part of the 2015 committee that selected those directors. However, many Italian art historians and archaeologists had felt snubbed, and several colleagues stopped speaking to him, he said.

This time around, the mood is different. Though the new minister, who is part of a nationalist, right-wing government, has said that nationality was not an issue, of the 90-odd candidates shortlisted (some are in the running for more than one museum), only a handful have significant experience outside Italy. And two of the foreigners up for jobs already run two top Italian museums.

Given the governments political bent, it would have been a surprise if they had been looking for international candidates, Giuliani said.

In an email, Sangiuliano said that there were no preclusions on nationality. What mattered, he added, was that a director had to be good and have ideas.

Yet culture experts say that the prestige and perks of running an Italian museum which include some of the worlds most celebrated arts institutions are dampened by downsides including lower salaries compared to comparably important museums abroad, limited contracts and the many headaches of Italian bureaucracy.

I think that a colleague that has worked in the United States, or in England and Germany, might wonder whether its worth it, said Enrico Parlato, the president of CUNSTA, an Italian association of university art historians. To be crude about it, the salaries cannot compete, he added.

Critics also say that by giving the culture minister the last word over the choice of directors, the 2015 reform also gave the minister outsized influence, including over diplomatic questions like loaning rare works abroad, or dictating the content of exhibitions.

The reform was intended to put museum directors on a leash, said Tomaso Montanari, the rector of the University for Foreigners of Siena and a well-known cultural critic. He cited the National Modern and Contemporary Art Gallery, which recently opened an exhibition on J.R.R. Tolkien, the author whom Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has cited as an inspiration. There is very strong political intrusiveness, Montanari added.

Under the Franceschini reform, 20 of Italys top museums including the Borghese Gallery in Rome, the Accademia in Venice and the Archaeological Museum in Naples were given more managerial autonomy, shifting oversight for budgets from the culture ministry to the directors, who were also encouraged to fund-raise.

But the reform had an impact beyond that top tier. Museum revenues that were once given to the culture ministry and redistributed among less visited sites now mostly remain in the coffers of the autonomous museums.

Sixty museums now have some level of budgetary and administrative autonomy. Montanari said that financial independence had forced those museums to try and attract as many visitors as possible, using a business logic, which he said was the antithesis of their cultural mandate.

But some of the museum directors whose terms are expiring said that, without the reform, many of the changes they enacted during the past eight years would never have happened. Under the old system, requests to make major changes had to go through long pipelines before they were approved, as did requests for funding.

At the Capodimonte Museum in Naples, the French art historian Sylvain Bellenger restored and revitalized the surrounding 330-acre park, transforming it from a neglected haunt of drug dealers to a pristinely landscaped, much frequented park.

The revamp was only possible because of the reform, when for the first time Italian museums looked toward international standards and realized they were much behind, said Bellenger, who has become so popular in Naples that thousands have signed an online petition begging Italys culture minister to extend the contract of the man who changed the face of Capodimonte and of our world.

Eike Schmidt, the German-born director of the Uffizi Galleries, said the reform had required directors to become visionary, and that financial independence demanded finding ulterior sources of revenue through sponsors and donors.

Schmidt has made the shortlist to lead the Capodimonte Museum, but might also make a run for mayor of Florence in elections next year, an eventuality that under certain conditions I would not exclude, he said in a recent interview.

Some directors said that the 2015 reform fell short on a number of fronts, however, especially when it came to hiring staff, which still depended on an open competitive exam through the culture ministry. That meant that they couldnt hire who they wanted. And Italian bureaucracy also dampened efforts for massive change.

James Bradburne, the Canadian-born, British director of the Brera Museum, said hed struggled to overcome some of the museums profoundly flawed structures, like the way human resources were allocated, or administrative loopholes that slowed down getting economic resources. These created multiple moments for delay, change, error and waste, he said.

When I raise this point, which Ive raised for eight years, they look at me and laugh and say, Oh James, siamo in Italia, we are in Italy the universal answer for things that are patently absurd and a waste of money and dont make sense, he said.

The culture ministry declined to say how many foreigners had applied for the jobs this time, yet Montanari said that the lack of foreign candidates on the shortlists suggested that, at the very least, top officials from comparably prestigious museums had not applied.

You have a country like Italy, which has all the problems, without all the financial means, Montanari said, even as you have politicians breathing down your neck.

Its no wonder that directors of foreign museums didnt apply, he added. Theyre not stupid.

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Italy Searches for Museum Leaders, With Nationalism in the Air - The New York Times

In Africa, firms like BuildX, BHI, and MASS are rethinking ways construction offers opportunities for womens empowerment. Image courtesy of BuildX.

Construction is mens work. At least, thats what Western culture has always maintained. But traditional gender stereotypesthe belief that men are more suited to physical labor, for example, or that family life requires women to avoid jobs with irregular hoursare neither true nor tenable.

Consider constructions chronic labor shortage. In the United States alone, the construction industry averaged more than 390,000 job openings per month in 2022, according to Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC), which says the construction industry needs to attract an estimated 546,000 additional workers on top of the normal pace of hiring in order to satisfy the demand for labor. The same calculus that exists in the United States exists in construction markets worldwide. From homes, schools, and hospitals to airports, power plants, and parks, global communities need infrastructure in order to grow and prosper. To build it, construction employers need all hands on deckincluding both male and female talent. Although attracting women to construction is easier said than done, best practices are coming into focus thanks to leadership in a dynamic and fast-growing part of the world: Africa.

While men constitute more than 80% of the construction workforce in Africa, OECD reports, there are meaningful advances in several countries where gender equity often stems from deep-rooted cultural traditions. Case in point: East Africas Maasai people, a nomadic group of pastoralists whose economic and cultural identity revolves around cattle herding. For centuries, the Maasai have lived in mud huts called bomas, made from cow dung, grass, and sticks. In Maasai tribes, the engineering, construction, repair, and maintenance of bomas falls entirely on women.

I come from the West of KenyaKakamegaand in our community, the women are the ones responsible for construction as well, says engineer Esther Segero, head of construction at BuildX Studio, an architecture, engineering, and construction firm in Nairobi. They build mud houses and plaster them with cow dung. The Maasai area and culture are the same. Since they are pastoralists, the men tend to the animals and walk for kilometers in search of pasture and water while the women are left at home. Hence, they take over the building work.

Now, companies and nonprofits such as BuildX Studio, Build Health International, and MASS Design Group are remaking the construction workforce in ways that empower women instead of marginalizing them.

Africa is in the midst of a major baby boom, according to the United Nations, which expects the continents population to double from 1.25 billion people in 2017 to 2.5 billion people in 2050. Because rural communities in many cases dont offer the jobs, health care, infrastructure, and education to support this kind of growth, across Africa there is a massive migration to urban centers. In Kenya, where builders produce less than 50,000 new housing units every year, this has contributed to a dire housing deficit of 2 million units.

BuildX Studio believes that women can help Kenya and other African countries bridge the urgent gap between supply and demand. Presently, fewer than 11% of engineers, architects, urban planners, construction managers, and real estate managers in Africa are women, according to Segero. But, the needle is moving.

Change is imminent, Segero says. For example, in 2020, female engineers were at 3% and are now at 7.3%. The good news is that through networks, women are now at the helm of leadership of many construction organizations, which I would say is helping the younger female professionals get role models.

BuildX Studio is hiring and training women to fill both frontline and leadership roles across its projects. Our goal is for all BuildX buildings to be inclusively designed and built, Segero says. We prioritize labor for women and youth within the communities where we work. Our mission is to have, over time, at least 30% women working in all our sites and at least 50% representation in our office across all levels.

According to Segero, BuildX Studio is 50% female-owned and currently boasts a team that is 60% women. We aim to achieve equal gender representation for all our design project teams through community engagement activities prior to all construction projects and close collaboration with our sister company, Buildher, she says.

Established by BuildX in 2018, Buildher is a nonprofit that promotes urban development in Kenya by equipping women with accredited construction and manufacturing skills. This can foster greater financial prosperity, change male attitudes, and promote gender equality within the construction industry. To date, it has trained nearly 400 women, who typically report a five-fold increase in income after just four months of construction training. Projects like the Zima Homes sustainable and affordable housing development in Nairobi provide women with accredited construction skills to improve their financial prospects and promote gender equality within the construction sector.

BuildX and Buildher succeed by recognizing the barriers that keep women from construction trades and implementing solutions. For example, BuildX offers separate changing rooms and toilets for men and women on its construction sites and continuously delivers training on sexual harassment.

BuildX believes these and other inclusion efforts are essential to building the construction workforce Kenya needs to support its growing population. The situation seems to be changing slowly, Segero says. Women represent a third of students in two public universities offering different industry courses, including architecture, real estate, planning, construction management, quantity surveying, and interior design. However, more needs to be done to sustain this trendin particular, for women working on construction sites.

Out of 170 countries in the United Nations Development Programs Gender Inequality Index, Sierra Leone ranks 162nd. Women account for 52% of the West African nations population but occupy less than 20% of elected governmental positions, according to the US Agency for International Development (USAID) which reports that Sierra Leonean women suffer in large numbers from lack of economic independence, high illiteracy, and gender-based violence.

Despite these barriers, women are still advancing in Sierra Leone: In November 2022, the nations parliament unanimously passed the Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment Bill. According to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), the law mandates that political parties in Sierra Leone put forth women candidates for parliamentary and local elections and requires public and private employers to reserve 30% of jobs for women, including leadership positions. It also gives women 14 weeks of maternity leave, equal pay, and equal access to financial support and training opportunities.

Build Health International (BHI), a nonprofit that designs and builds healthcare infrastructure in low-resource settings, is helping Sierra Leone improve womens health outcomes and gender disparities by building the Maternal Center of Excellence (MCOE), a 166-bed maternal health center and training facility in Sierra Leones Kono District. Currently, one in 20 women in the nation faces a lifetime risk of dying in pregnancy or childbirth.

Sierra Leone lacks a strong construction and contractor labor force, and the MCOE Site Supervisor John Chew recognized the opportunity to hire and train local women. Im very partial to women because I have 10 sisters, says Chew, who hired the first female construction worker for the project in August 2022 and has since hired more than three dozen women. Im here today because of them. They taught me everything I know and raised me to be the man I am today. Ive never seen this many women do construction, and theyre really doing a good job at it.

BHI has trained women to read construction drawings; use tools; operate heavy machinery; and perform skilled work in trades such as masonry, carpentry, and plumbingoften with the help of technology, including 3D models in Autodesk Cloud Construction Build and Autodesk Revit.

When you show 3D models to people who dont have experience in construction, their eyes light up, Chew says. Theyre able to visualize things that they couldnt really comprehend before. Its really, really helpful.

Learning new tools and skills gives women more economic and social opportunities, according to Hawa Bayoh, one of the first women to join the MCOE construction team. I was suffering a lot because my mother died and I didnt have anyone to take care of me or my family, Bayoh says. Since I started working [for BHI] Im doing great things for my family, Im taking care of myself, and I have more respect. Im doing construction, and Im proud of it. It changed my life a lot, and I thank God for that.

Women benefit from construction as much as construction benefits from women, according to Chew, who says women have unique skills that improve project outcomes. Women are very meticulous. They pay attention to detail and take great pride in their work. They have something to provethey want to show that they can do whatever men can do, and a lot of times they actually do it better. Chew says that for those reasons he has an all-female quality control team. When the men say, Its good enough, the women say, No, were not going to accept that. Theyre used to taking care of their homes and their kids, so they treat this jobsite like its their home and their tools like theyre their children.

This attention to detail helps BHI stretch limited resources further, which puts more money in the hospitals coffers for delivery of care when it eventually opens in the summer of 2024. Its started a wave, Chew says. The women are taking pride in what theyve learned, and theyre telling their neighbors. In turn, their neighbors are telling them, Were so happy. Were getting a new hospital thats for us, and women built it.

Among African nations, Rwanda is considered a leader in womens rights. Women constitute 61% of its parliament and occupy more than half of cabinet and judicial seats.

The nations progressive attitude toward gender equity is as evident on construction sites as it is in politics, according to Noella Nibakuze, a design director in the Kigali, Rwanda, office of architecture, design, and build firm MASS Design Group. Ive been working [in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry] for 10 years now and weve always had women on-site, says Nibakuze, who adds that women typically performed manual labor on construction sites but have begun moving into skilled trades and even managerial roles. The biggest shift Ive seen in those 10 years is having women leading on construction sites.

MASS Design Group is helping drive that shift. On one recent projectthe 12-acre Ellen DeGeneres Campus of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, which opened in February 2022 adjacent to Rwandas Volcanoes National Parkwomen made up a significant 23% of the workforce and 24% of leadership roles, a testament to MASSs commitment to gender diversity.

This project, alongside others such as the Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), showcases MASSs approach to integrating women into every facet of construction, from manual labor to managerial roles. Thats much higher than what you would normally see, says Bethel Abate, also a design director in MASSs Kigali office. Its not just having women on-site because in Rwanda thats a bit more normal. Its having women in leadership roles and skilled trades. We even had women working as heavy machine operators, which is not common.

Critical to this success was the formation of MASS.Build, enabling MASS to prioritize social and economic impacts, including gender equity, alongside traditional project metrics. Usually we are designers or architects, and our clients bid out projects to contractors,Abate says. This was the first time we were building one of our own projects. Abate adds that having its own construction division allowed MASS to implement impact-based policies and procedures that might not have been feasible otherwiseincluding local sourcing, health and safety practices, and gender equity. Contractors usually look at the triangle of time, cost, and quality, but our construction entity tracked social and economic impact for local communities as a success metric.

This innovative approach was bolstered by a robust on-site workforce training program, developed in partnership with international and local institutions, which uniquely empowered women through education and skill development. MASS implemented a construction training program in partnership with the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ) and the Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC) Musanze. The project employed more than 2,400 Rwandans in its design and construction, accounting for 99% of the total labor, and uniquely, a 30% female construction workforce.

If you want to invest in the local community, and if you want people from this place to take responsibility for the work and be invested in it for the long run, you have to put aside time and money to make that happen, Abate says. Women, especially, are very supportive and very inquisitive. They want to learn more, and they want to be empowered to do more. Having training programs on-site is a formalized way to help them grow and advance in their careers.

MASS also introduced womens groups on projects, providing a supportive network for women to share experiences, grow professionally, and build community. These groups have been instrumental in giving women a voice in quality control, fostering a sense of belonging, and creating avenues for income generation beyond the construction sites.

I knew we could do more for the women on-site by creating a womens group where we could come together to understand each others challenges and dreams, including how they see their career growing and then helping them reach those goals, says Nibakuze, who helped establish the womens group for MASSs 3,400-acre Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA) project, which was completed in2022. More than 300 workers were trained in sustainable construction methods while working on-site at RICA, 16% of whom were women.

The group helped women feel valued and important, which gave them the confidence to speak out on quality control and other matters. It also helped them build community. When a construction project ends, women dont move, Nibakuze says. They stay where theyre living. So the women formed co-ops to help each other think about what happens in between projects and other ways of generating income.

By making a concerted effort to recruit, train, and support more women on construction sites, organizations like BuildX, BHI, and MASS are proving that construction is not only a viable field for women but also a platform for their empowerment and financial independence. Such initiatives create a ripple effect, benefiting families and future generations, and reinforce the notion that womens participation in construction can lead to a more inclusive and equitable industry.

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In Africa, Gender Equity in Construction Shapes Tomorrow's Workforce - Autodesk Redshift

In a world where lifestyle inflation and the rat race often go hand in hand, understanding how to navigate your finances to build wealth is more crucial than ever. Many people fall into the trap of increasing their spending as their income grows, unknowingly stepping onto a treadmill that keeps them running in place financially. This phenomenon, while common, can be a significant barrier to achieving financial freedom and accumulating wealth. In this article, well delve into the intricacies of lifestyle inflation, its role in perpetuating the rat race, and practical strategies to avoid these pitfalls to build a more secure financial future.

Lifestyle Inflation and the Rat Race:

Avoiding Financial Mistakes to Build Wealth:

By being mindful of these aspects, you can work towards building wealth while avoiding the pitfalls of the rat race.

Keep reading for a deep dive into each of these topics.

Lifestyle inflation, a term often tossed around in personal finance circles, refers to the phenomenon where ones spending increases as ones income does. Its a common occurrence: you get a raise or a bonus, and suddenly, theres a temptation to upgrade your lifestyle. Imagine this: John, a software developer, receives a promotion. He immediately thinks of moving to a bigger apartment and buying a new car. This scenario is typical, but its also where the seeds of financial stagnation are sown. It doesnt matter how much you earn if you constantly upgrade your lifestyle as your income grows; you will always be broke or living paycheck to paycheck.

The rat race is a term used to describe a frustrating financial cycle: working hard but not making significant progress in wealth accumulation. For many, lifestyle inflation is the trapdoor into this cycle. As you earn more, you spend more, often on things that dont bring long-term happiness or financial security. Studies show that the average household expenditure increases with income.

Lifestyle creep is subtle. Its the extra dinner out each week, the brand-name clothes, the luxury car all seemingly justified by your higher income. However, these expenses add up, eating into funds that could go towards savings or investments. For instance, if Emily spends her entire salary increase on travel and dining, she misses out on potential investment gains that compound over time.

Its essential to understand the dynamics between income increases and spending habits. Ideally, as income grows, so should savings and investments, but often, spending grows instead. Breaking this cycle means consciously directing extra income toward financial goals rather than lifestyle upgrades. For example, allocating 50% of any raise to savings can be a good start.

Several financial missteps keep people running in the rat race:

To avoid falling into the lifestyle inflation trap, consider these strategies:

Budgeting is the cornerstone of financial planning. It involves tracking income and expenses and setting spending limits. Planning, on the other hand, consists of setting financial goals and devising strategies to achieve them. For example, setting a goal to save $10,000 for an emergency fund within a year requires planning your monthly savings accordingly.

Investing is not just for the wealthy; its a tool for everyone to grow their wealth. Diversifying your investments across stocks, bonds, and other assets can help manage risk. For beginners, starting with low-cost index funds can be a wise choice. Remember, the goal is to make your money work for you.

Its essential to balance enjoying your life now and securing your financial future. This doesnt mean you cant enjoy the fruits of your labor, but it does mean making conscious choices. For instance, you might take a modest vacation instead of buying a new car and save the rest.

Moving beyond living paycheck-to-paycheck to achieving financial freedom is the ultimate goal. This involves building an emergency fund, paying off debt, saving for retirement, and investing wisely. Its about making intentional choices with your money to create a sustainable financial future.

Embarking toward financial liberation requires a nuanced understanding of how income and expenditure patterns can impact long-term wealth accumulation. Its about cultivating a mindset where economic decisions are driven not by immediate gratification but by future security and growth. This approach involves a strategic balance between enjoying lifes present moments and preparing for a prosperous future.

By embracing prudent financial habits, you can navigate away from the perpetual cycle of the rat race, steering towards a path of economic self-sufficiency and security. This journeys essence lies in managing resources wisely, ensuring that every dollar earned doesnt need to bring immediate joy but can contribute to a stable and secure financial tomorrow.

Lifestyle inflation can be a significant barrier to financial freedom and wealth accumulation. By understanding and avoiding the pitfalls of increased spending, budgeting wisely, and making smart investment choices, you can step off the rat race treadmill and onto the path of financial security and independence. Remember, its not just about how much you earn but how you manage what you make that counts.

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How Lifestyle Inflation Is Keeping You In The Rat Race (Avoid To ... - New Trader U

Starting a small business while pursuing a university degree isnt just about making extra money. Its an opportunity to apply classroom knowledge in a practical setting, develop crucial entrepreneurial skills, and lay the groundwork for future success. Moreover, juggling academics and entrepreneurship can be demanding. Academic writing services offer valuable support in managing coursework, enabling students to strike a balance between their educational pursuits and their entrepreneurial endeavors. You can find professional assistance with your assignments at writepaperfor.me and save time for the development of your business.

Heres an in-depth exploration of innovative small business ideas tailored to the university environment.

Offering tutoring services allows you to capitalize on your academic strengths while helping others succeed. You can focus on specific subjects like mathematics, languages, and science or even offer guidance for standardized test preparation. Consider establishing a structured curriculum, organizing study sessions, or providing personalized coaching tailored to individual learning styles.

For those with artistic flair, creating and selling handmade crafts or artwork can be both fulfilling and financially rewarding. Explore various mediums such as painting, pottery, jewelry-making, or personalized merchandise. Engage with your audience by showcasing your creations at local markets, art exhibitions, or through online platforms like Etsy or Instagram.

Capitalizing on your writing or editing skills can lead to a successful freelance business. Offer services such as academic paper assistance, resume writing, blog content creation, or copywriting for businesses. Building a portfolio of your work and networking within university circles can attract clients seeking your expertise.

Event planning provides an avenue to showcase your organizational skills. Whether its organizing social events, club gatherings, or special occasions, meticulous planning and attention to detail are essential. Networking with local vendors and leveraging university connections can help kickstart your event planning venture.

Businesses are increasingly reliant on social media for marketing. If youre adept at navigating platforms like Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook, consider offering social media management services. Develop content calendars, engage with audiences, and create impactful campaigns for small businesses looking to enhance their online presence.

The trend towards sustainable fashion presents an opportunity for a clothing resale business. Curate vintage or second-hand clothing and create an online platform or pop-up store. Emphasize sustainability and unique fashion finds to attract eco-conscious consumers within and beyond the university community.

With hectic university schedules, many students seek convenient and healthy meal options. Consider offering meal preparation services catering to various dietary needs or specializing in baked goods. A focus on quality ingredients and diverse menu options can build a loyal customer base.

Providing tech support or device repair services is ideal for students with technical expertise. Help fellow students troubleshoot laptop issues, smartphone glitches, or software problems. A reliable and affordable service can quickly gain popularity within the university community.

Fluency in multiple languages can be monetized by offering translation or interpretation services. Cater to businesses or individuals seeking assistance with documents, meetings, or presentations requiring linguistic expertise.

Certifying as a fitness instructor or yoga teacher allows you to offer classes on or off campus. Promote health and wellness by conducting group fitness sessions or personalized yoga classes, catering to the physical and mental well-being of clients.

Market Research

Understand your target markets needs and preferences through surveys, focus groups, or social media interaction. Adapt your business to meet these demands effectively.

University Resources

Take advantage of entrepreneurship centers, mentorship programs, or startup incubators offered by your university. Seek guidance and support from faculty or local business professionals.

Online Presence

Invest in creating a compelling online presence. Develop a website, leverage social media platforms, and create engaging content to attract and retain customers.

Networking

Forge connections with fellow entrepreneurs, join business clubs, or attend networking events. Collaborate with other students or local businesses to expand your reach and gain valuable insights.

Time Management

Balancing academic commitments and business endeavors requires effective time management. Prioritize tasks, create schedules, and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Legal and Financial Understanding

Ensure compliance with legal requirements and maintain a clear understanding of finances. Seek guidance on registering your business, managing income, and accounting practices.

By venturing into entrepreneurial endeavors during their university years, students have a unique opportunity to cultivate a diverse skill set. From honing problem-solving abilities to refining communication skills and fostering adaptability, the journey of entrepreneurship offers invaluable lessons. These small business ventures not only contribute to financial independence but also serve as a blueprint for a thriving entrepreneurial future beyond graduation. Embracing the challenges, learning from experiences, and leveraging the myriad opportunities available within the university environment form the cornerstone of launching ones entrepreneurial aspirations. By seizing these moments, students not only propel their businesses forward but also equip themselves with the resilience and expertise necessary for success in the ever-evolving professional landscape.

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Small business ideas to start at university - Arizona Big Media

Personal Finance

-Rahul Das

Investment is a crucial step towards financial independence and security. It's a way of making your money work for you, creating a stream of passive income, and saving for future needs like retirement or your children's education. However, with the numerous investment options available, where should a beginner start? In this article, we'll explore the top five investment ideas suitable for beginners.

The stock market provides an excellent place for beginners to start their investment journey. By purchasing shares of a company, you become a part-owner of that company. Over time, as the company grows and earns profits, so does your investment. It's essential, however, to research and understand the company you invest in, its performance history, and its future prospects.

For those who find stock investing too complicated or risky, mutual funds can be an excellent alternative. A mutual fund pools money from numerous investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other assets. They are managed by professional fund managers who make investment decisions based on intensive research and analysis.

Real estate is another popular investment choice among beginners. It involves buying property for rental or resale. Despite the high initial capital requirement, real estate can provide regular rental income and potential appreciation in property value over time.

Bonds are relatively safer investments compared to stocks or real estate. When you buy a bond, you are essentially lending money to the issuer (a corporation or government) for a specified period. In return, you receive periodic interest payments and the return of the principal amount at the end of the term.

Investing in retirement accounts can be a smart move for beginners. Accounts like 401(k)s or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) offer tax advantages and often come with employer matching contributions. They also encourage long-term investment, which can lead to substantial growth over time.

Investing can seem overwhelming for beginners, but with the right knowledge and guidance, it can be the key to building wealth. Whether you choose to invest in the stock market, mutual funds, real estate, bonds, or retirement accounts, remember that the best investment is one that aligns with your financial goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. Start your investment journey today and take a step closer to financial freedom.

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The government is increasingly relying on Huawei the company Washington tried to destroy to lead the countrys efforts to build an independent semiconductor ecosystem.

December 1, 2023, 7:30 AM UTC

Less than five years after US sanctions nearly crippled Huawei Technologies Co., the Chinese giant is now Beijings most important weapon in a battle over semiconductors thats poised to shape the world economy for decades to come.

Huaweis role in Chinas chip industry goes far beyond whats been previously reported. As well as being the most important customer for chip producers and the countrys leading chip designer, Huawei is increasingly lending engineering expertise and financial support to smaller companies in strategic areas of the chip supply chain. It often does this without disclosing its involvement which would trigger US restrictions.

State support for the company has also reached unprecedented levels. Bloomberg News has uncovered a network of enterprises backed by a Shenzhen city government investment fund, which is focused on helping Huawei build a self-sufficient chip network. This group includes optical specialists, chip equipment developers and chemical manufacturers. This is in addition to the $30 billion state-sponsored endeavor to help Huawei build chip fabrication facilities Bloomberg News first reported on in August.

A state investment fund is the linchpin of efforts to bolster Huawei

Huawei is now the centerpoint, said Kendra Schaefer, a partner at Beijing-based consultancy Trivium China. The export controls have pushed the state and industry together in a way we havent seen before.

Huawei denied that the government is giving it support to develop semiconductor technologies. This is entirely speculation and conjecture based on information online, the company said in a statement.

The decision to make Huawei the effective captain of Chinas effort to develop a self-sufficient chip industry is the result of a direct order from the top of government, according to people familiar with the matter who asked not to be named due to the sensitivity of the topic.

In Huawei, they have a rare national champion with the grit, scale and technological prowess to push back. Founded in 1987, the company first made its mark in the communications equipment industry before it later expanded into mobile phones. And its combative founder Ren Zhengfei was preparing for disaster years before it struck.

Huawei has long kept a group of black swans on its main campus as a reminder to avoid complacency and prepare for unexpected crises. More than a decade ago, when business was booming, Ren told engineers that continued investment in semiconductor research was the only way to head off a mortal threat to the company. We cant just let others to choke us and die just because of that one product, Ren said.

Ren, founder and chief executive officer of Huawei. Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg

In the ensuing fight for survival after the US blacklisting in 2019, Ren moved as many as 10,000 developers onto 24-hour shifts in a race to redesign its circuit boards and software so they could function without American technology. At the busiest times, some staff didnt set foot out of its Shenzhen campus for days, living on instant noodles and sleeping in chairs.

That all-out effort kept the company in business. Around this time, the Chinese state also began to step up its support, paving the way for todays interdependent relationship.

To see how deeply Huawei and the Chinese government are now entwined, look no further than the launch in August of the new Mate 60 Pro smartphone. Huawei timed the release of the phone to coincide with US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondos visit to China in part because of direct encouragement from a senior official at the top of the regime, according to a person familiar with the situation who asked not to be identified discussing sensitive matters. Theyd decided it was time China showed some muscle, the person said.

The $900 smartphone signaled Chinas rapid advance. Source: Bloomberg

The request surprised Huawei, which had planned to release the phone at a later date, said a different person. And while the company made the launch date, there was no time for the normal pizazz or even a proper press event.

Huawei denied that government officials had asked for the Mate 60 Pro phone to be introduced sooner than originally planned.

The significance of the phone was the high proportion of advanced made-in-China components it contained, in particular a 7-nanometer processor from Shanghais Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp. Hailed by state press as a patriotic triumph, it sparked fervent debate within the US about whether its efforts to slow Chinas technological advance were falling short.

A teardown conducted for Bloomberg News found the majority of components in Huaweis Mate 60 were made in China

The concern in Washington is that the advanced semiconductors that power Huaweis smartphones could also be used for military applications, such as AI-controlled drones or super computers for code-breaking and surveillance. The US is determined to contain Chinas defense capabilities as tensions between the two countries rise over issues including the future of Taiwan.

At the center of the network of state enterprises that is assisting Huawei is an investment fund operated by the municipal government of Shenzhen, where Huawei is headquartered. The Shenzhen Major Industry Investment Group Co. was created in 2019 with state capital and given direct orders to support Chinas chip efforts and Huawei specifically, according to people familiar with the matter.

It has invested in about a dozen companies in the supply chain, including three Huawei-linked chip fabrication facilities, according to data from Tianyancha, an online platform that provides company registration information. But perhaps its most significant operation is a chipmaking tool company called SiCarrier Technology Ltd., founded in 2021.

SiCarrier has formed a close, symbiotic relationship with Huawei, where it mainly interfaces with the electronic giants internal research arm, known as the 2012 Lab. Ren named it after Roland Emmerichs doomsday film that saw China succeed, when nobody else could, in building vast arks to ride out a planet-wide natural disaster.

Huawei's research and development campus in Dongguan boasts manicured grounds and European style buildings. Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg

Huawei's Shenzhen headquarters from the above. Photographer: Qilai Shen/Bloomberg

The exchange of talent goes both ways. SiCarrier is vigorously hiring elite engineers to work directly on Huaweis projects in Shenzhen and Dongguan, according to a person familiar with the matter. (The recruits are told not to reveal who they actually work for.)

Huawei has also transferred about a dozen patents to SiCarrier, including sound-proof technologies for electronic machines and data center designs, according to patent transfer information published by the China National Intellectual Property Administration. Huawei said any suggestion it has an in-depth partnership with SiCarrier to collaborate on chip technologies is inconsistent with the facts. Shenzhen Major Industry Investment Group, SiCarrier and its affiliates didn't respond to requests for comment.

SiCarrier operates out of a number of locations around Shenzhen. It has an office in an industry park affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and another facility on the top floor of a six-story building inside a small industrial park in Shenzhens eastern suburbs. The facility makes components for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, including laser-driven light source gears, pressure control valves, and pumps, according to an evacuation map on the wall. Next to the map are three posters in Chinese with the words Trust, Innovation and Professionalism printed in bold white characters.

Outside SiCarriers facility in the eastern suburbs of Shenzhen. Source: Bloomberg

Its importance to Huawei is as far more than just a manufacturer, said people familiar with the relationship: SiCarrier is also a nexus between Huawei and the rest of the supply chain. For example, its the largest shareholder in optical machine maker Zetop Technologies Co., according to Tianyancha. Such technology is central to the production of microchips, which are built of layer upon layer of transistors bound to a silicon wafer. The key to this is a process known as lithography where light is projected through a blueprint of the pattern that will be printed.

Zetops second biggest shareholder is Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics. An affiliate of the elite Chinese Academy of Sciences, it boasts of developing some of Chinas best optical technologies for lithography machines.

Lithography is a particularly crucial area because Dutch company ASML Holding NV has a monopoly on extreme ultraviolet lithography gear needed to make the most advanced chips and has never sold those machines to China. With the imposition of US sanctions, ASML will also stop selling Chinese customers most deep ultraviolet equipment, slightly less sophisticated machines for manufacturing semiconductors.

Employees assemble a lithography machine at the ASML Holding NV factory in Veldhoven, Netherlands. Source: ASML Holding NV

Following its blacklisting, Huawei has hired a number of former ASML employees to help work on chipmaking machines, according to one person familiar with the matter and social media records. Bloomberg News found LinkedIn profiles of five former ASML staff members including two previously based in the Netherlands who said they joined Huawei between 2021 and 2022. None responded to requests for comment.

While it will be a long slog to fully catch-up EUV equipment took the West decades and hundreds of millions of dollars to develop the release of the Mate 60 smartphone suggests the gigantic effort centered on Huawei is making progress.

A specialist disassembles a Huawei Mate 60 Pro smartphone and removes the Kirin 9000s chip. Photographer: James Park/Bloomberg

Huawei never disclosed technical details, but a teardown of the handset conducted by TechInsights for Bloomberg News found it was powered by SMICs advanced 7-nanometer processor. That suggests China is roughly five years behind the current most advanced technology. Export controls imposed by the Biden administration in 2022 were aimed at keeping China at least eight years behind.

Huawei is getting a commercial boost too. The launch of the Mate 60 Pro reinvigorated its devices business, with analysts expecting the handset's sales to soar to 40 million to 60 million units next year.

More government subsidies will make it even harder for Huawei to portray itself as independent. But subsidies will also let Huawei sell products at lower prices, said Chris Miller, author of Chip War: The Fight for the Worlds Most Critical Technology. In many emerging markets, this will probably enable Huawei to win market share.

Analysts expect China to keep pouring billions into the chip race, as the consequences of being left behind could be fatal to its ambitions in fast-growing fields like AI.

The scale of the subsidies is massive, far beyond what people would usually think, said Dylan Patel, founder of the research group SemiAnalysis. Theyll build apartment buildings, help with land and take no income taxes.

China doesnt have to establish self-sufficiency at each step of the semiconductor supply chain. The key is to create domestic alternatives at four or five steps of the process where the US and its allies can choke off supplies, says Clifford Kurz, an analyst with S&P Global Ratings. That means China and Huawei will likely focus on concentrated sectors like lithography, wafer production and electronic design automation, or EDA.

The US dominates in chip design. Market share by value and region, 2023

The key thing for Beijing is to have progress in these critical stages, Kurz said. They have done analysis of the whole supply chain since at least 2014. The purpose of the funding is to invest where they think they can have the most impact.

Huawei founder Ren has had a complicated relationship with the Chinese government. For years, when the US pressed Western governments to ban Huaweis telecom equipment out of concern it could be used to spy for the Communist Party, he maintained that his company had no special standing with the government.

Yet when his daughter, Huaweis CFO, was detained in 2018 in Canada over US fraud allegations, Beijing went to extreme lengths to pressure the Canadian and American governments to free her. She was released in 2021 and returned to a heros welcome in China, suggesting the things Ren should be thankful to the Xi administration for include his daughters freedom.

Meng Wanzhou exits Supreme Court after a hearing in Vancouver, in 2021. Photographer: Darryl Dyck/Bloomberg

China owes him though too: Huaweis wolf culture has kept them in the game. Indeed, as China targets independence throughout the semiconductor supply chain, there is one turn of phrase that keeps being used to describe the motivation of this grand push. Its even part of the name of the taskforce that Beijing set up when Washington first blacklisted Huawei. Industry moguls and Chinese officials refer to that unit as .

In an uncanny echo of Rens exhortation all those years ago, that phrase translates as the office that solves neck choking problems.

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How Huawei Is Helping China Build Up Its Semiconductor ... - Bloomberg