Category Archives: Evolution

United States- Key CompaniesCovered in theABCC5 Antibody MarketResearch areAbnova, Boster Biological Technology, CUSABIO, G Biosciences, LSBio, Merck, ProSci, United States Biological, Abcam, Proteintech, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Creative Diagnostics, Kamiya Biomedical, GeneTex, Creative Biolabsand other key market players.

According to this latest study, the 2021 growth of ABCC5 Antibody will have significant change from previous year. By the most conservative estimates of global ABCC5 Antibody market size (most likely outcome) will be a year-over-year revenue growth rate of % in 2021, from US$ million in 2020. Over the next five years the ABCC5 Antibody market will register a % CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach US$ million by 2026.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of ABCC5 Antibody market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.

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Segmentation by type: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.3; and forecast to 2026 in section 11.7.PolyclonalMonoclonal

Segmentation by application: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.4; and forecast to 2026 in section 11.8.Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent AssayImmunohistochemistryWestern BlotOthers

This report also splits the market by region: Breakdown data in Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.AmericasUnited StatesCanadaMexicoBrazilAPACChinaJapanKoreaSoutheast AsiaIndiaAustraliaEuropeGermanyFranceUKItalyRussiaMiddle East & AfricaEgyptSouth AfricaIsraelTurkeyGCC Countries

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Key Benefits for Industry Participants & Stakeholders

Key Questions Answered in the Market Report

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ABCC5 Antibody Market Trend | Predictable to Witness Sustainable Evolution Over 2030 Muleskinner - Muleskinner

Sony Group and Honda form a strategic partnership aimed at creating a new generation of mobility and services that are closely aligned with users and the environment.

In June, the companies established Sony Honda Mobility, which intends to sell high-end electric vehicles with advanced technology starting in 2025 and provide mobility services. The main markets it plans to serve include Japan, the U.S. and Europe.

"We are very pleased to sign this joint venture agreement, which represents the start line from which we embark on the major challenge of revolutionizing mobility and creating new value, says Yashuhide Mizuno, Sony Honda Mobility representative director, chairman, and CEO and senior managing officer of Honda.

We plan to fully leverage the technological assets the two companies possess in different fields, such as Sony's sensing technology and Honda's original mobility development capabilities, to realize mobility and services that inspire and excite our customers, he says.

Adds Izumi Kawanishi, Sony Honda Mobility representative director, president and COO and executive vice president of Sony: By combining the many strengths of Sony and Honda, we intend to accelerate development and lead the evolution of mobility by realizing mobility as an emotional space rooted in safety and security, and the related services.

Sony Honda Mobility is expected to plan, design, develop and sell the EVs but not own or operate the manufacturing facilities, the company says. Instead, Honda will manufacture the first EV model at its plant and Sony will develop the mobility service platform for the new company.

A Sony spokesperson says the company is in the early stages of determining advanced driver-assistance systems features planned for its vehicles as well as the sensors and processors that will be used.

The companies talks date back to the summer of 2021, when Honda proposed meeting with Sony to consider the future of mobility. Soon after, members of both organizations held a joint workshop to begin discussions and exchange ideas.

After top management from both organizations met, the companies announced in March that they signed a memorandum of understanding to establish a joint venture company focused on creating a new era of mobility and mobility services.

Both companies bring a unique perspective to the table:

Honda will share its knowledge of the environment and safety as well as technologies, including dynamics and packaging hardware. It is also expected to provide expertise in procurement and production related to the vehicle creation process.

Sonys initiatives, based on its vision to make the mobility space an emotional one, are centered around safety, entertainment and adaptability.

Sony showed Vision-S 02 concept with integrated PlayStation 5 console at CES 2022.

In terms of safety, the company will provide imaging devices and sensing technology, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. Regarding entertainment, Sony will offer content and services in addition to video and audio technology.

To ensure adaptability and work toward the evolution of entertainment and safety-related function, Sony will also share its knowledge of communication and network technology, including 5G and cloud services.

Kenichiro Yoshida, Sony Group Corporation representative corporate executive officer, chairman, president and CEO, says the companies aim to contribute to the evolution of mobility by combining Honda's cutting-edge environmental and safety technologies, mobility development capabilities, vehicle body manufacturing technology and after-sales service management experience with Sonys expertise in imaging, sensing, telecommunication, network and entertainment technologies.

Toshihiro Mibe, Honda director, president, representative executive officer and CEO, says Honda continues to take on new challenges in environmental, safetyand other advanced fields to be a driving force for social change through mobility.

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Honda, Sony Partnership to Drive Evolution of Mobility - Ward's Auto

BARTLETT, Tenn. (WREG) Its no doubt the Memphis Tigers mens basketball team is gelling on and off the court.

We got a lot of guys thats just, you know, willing to learn, nobodys cocky, said Tigers forward Deandre Williams.

I was kind of surprised how easily we bonded, like it seemed like we are all from Memphis, Tigers forward Kaodirichi Akobundu-Ehiogu said. You know, we have different guys from all over the place and we just kind of got along.

Of course talent was important to Penny Hardaway when he hand picked this team, but he was more focused on the character of the player.

I feel like the coaches did a great job with doing that, said Tigers veteran guard Alex Lomax. This is probably going to be one of the closest teams that we have from one through 15.

Yes, that was Alex Lomax, who just announced his big decision to return for a fifth season.

Many wondered what the dynamic would be like between Lomax and the reigning AAC Player of the Year and new Tigers transfer Kendric Davis.

But according to them, its nothing but respect for one another.

We both got crazy love for each, Davis said. The last three years its been crazy battles on the court. We talked crazy to each other. You know, being a point guard it starts with you, but we just know were going to be on the floor a lot together. [Lomax is] my brother on and off the court, whatever he needs I got him.

Davis said Lomax was one of the first people he called when he made the decision to transfer to the U of M last April.

To hear that he was interested in having me to come back and play, it meant a lot to me to show how selfless he is and how selfless hes going to be all year long, said Lomax.

Now that the Tigers dont have to worry about chemistry and leaving egos at the door, they believe they can soar to greater heights.

I feel like we can do better than what we did last year. If everything just clicks together and we play the right way. I know thats something thats going to happen.

The Tigers open the 2022-23 season Oct. 23 against Christian Brothers University at FedEx Forum in an exhibition match up.

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Lomax, Davis evolution on the court from enemies to brothers - WREG NewsChannel 3

Photo credit: Carina Nebula, by James Webb Space Telescope via NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI.

Don Lincoln, a Fermilab scientist,addresses claims(reported on here) that infrared images from the James Webb Space Telescope cast doubt on the veracity of the Big Bang. He links to an article at Evolution News and seems confused as to the general view among intelligent design proponents on the subject. He writes:

Current theory suggests that the most ancient galaxies should be very small. Furthermore, they should be irregularly shaped. Over time, these tiny galaxies would slowly merge, eventually becoming much larger, like our own Milky Way. However,these infrared-visible galaxies seem to be far larger and more regularly shaped than what was predicted.

And this fact has resulted insome commentary, especially from people with a long hostility to the idea of the Big Bang. (One article cites ascholarly paper on the topic, whose title begins with the provocative word Panic!) One such individual is Eric Lerner, who penned the bookThe Big Bang Never Happened. Others who endorse either creationism orintelligent design are also using these reportsto claimthe same thing. [Emphasis added.]

The Webb images of ancient galaxies seem to be far larger and more regularly shaped than what was predicted. And ID proponents are on board with Eric Lerners marginal claim that the Big Bang Never Happened? If true (and its not), that would be quite surprising in light of the fact that, in philosopher of science Stephen Meyers most recent book,Return of the God Hypothesis: Three Scientific Discoveries That Reveal the Mind Behind the Universe, the observation that the universe had a beginning (aka the Big Bang) is given as one of three pillars supporting the case for a transcendent mind at work in nature.

In any event, Dr. Lincoln offers three reasonable hypotheses himself as to why the Webb images appear to show galaxies having formed too soon after the Big Bang (even at 180 million years):

So, what could be an explanation that doesnt require anyone to rewrite physics textbooks? One simple possibility is that there isdust between the distant galaxy and the JWST. As anyone who has watched a breathtaking sunset knows, dust preferentially scatters away blue light and lets red pass through. Perhaps the reports of distant galaxies are due to their light having shifted toward the red and infrared not only because of the expansion of the Universe, but also because of intervening dust.

Another very simple possibility is that, because the JWST has only been operating for a very short time,its online optics and electronics have not yet been properly calibrated. It could be that additional operational experience will lead the JWST technical staff to adjust the signal processing and algorithms, which could mean that these early claims could disappear.

Of course, it is also possible that the reports are true, and it turns out that early galaxies are larger and better formed than current theory predicts. However, this doesnt have anything to do with disproving the Big Bang; instead,it may require us to modify theories of how matter in the early Universe assembled into galaxies. This would require some tweaking, but thats a far cry from rejecting the Big Bang entirely.

Indeed. So, lets all calm down and stop falsely tarring proponents of intelligent design for things we dont believe and that would go against our most prominently articulated arguments.

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Calm Down: Yes, the Big Bang Happened - Discovery Institute

One of the most brilliant things about Hulus newly released Prey is how well it thrives in its simplicity. This is the fifth entry in an increasingly muddled Predator series, seventh if you count the two Alien vs. Predator spin-off movies, and yet references or winking acknowledgments to the previous movies feel like they are kept to a minimum. Theres no setting up an epic, interconnected Predator Cinematic Universe, no cameos, and no fan service; all we get is a prop that eagle-eyed fans will note relates to the second film and an iconic line from the first movie delivered by one of Preys main characters. Coming in at a little over 90 minutes, Prey is relatively self-contained, and engages for long enough without overstaying its welcome. The same cannot be said of many other contemporary franchise films.

The film is technically a prequel to the main Predator lore, taking place centuries before Arnold Schwarzenegger or Danny Glover battled the titular alien beast. In 1719, somewhere in the Great Plains, a young Comanche warrior named Naru (Amber Midthunder, best known for her role on Legion) is convinced there is a bigger threat facing her tribe than the typical wild animals they come across after she glances up at the Predators spaceship in the sky. Naru lives in the shadow of her older brother Taabe (Dakota Beavers), a skilled hunter who will eventually be appointed War Chief of the tribe. After an expedition didnt turn up much and left her injured, Naru, along with her loyal dog Sarii, still continues to seek out this mystery. She ends up encountering a Predator when she is confronted by a grizzly bear.

Naru is then captured by French fur traders and learns more about who and what the Predator believes is deserving of death. This is not as polished a Predator as weve seen in previous films, but it still remains menacing as ever. This Predator uses technology that looks more dated, perhaps owing to this being set centuries ago. Naru acquires knowledge, such as how to use a pistol and the Predators tendency to track its target using body heat, which will become helpful in her final confrontation with the beast. Its then time to outsmart this creature in the films climax, where Naru has to use her acquired skills and talent to kill the Predator once and for all.

Prey is masterfully told and effectively presented, a gripping adventure that keeps one at the edge of their seat. Credit has to be paid to Midthunder, who certainly rises to the occasion in the lead role. Also of note is how hard the film tries to be accurate to its Native American characters, there is an authenticity presented even down to the characters use of the Comanche language. A dub of the film in Comanche was released simultaneously on Hulu, making it the first Hollywood blockbuster for that to be the case. This franchise needed to be injected with a new perspective, something different and fresh, and it more than succeeds with Prey.

In fact, Prey feels like it shares the most in common with the first Predator movie and is perhaps second only to it in an overall ranking of the series. Released in 1987, Predator follows an elite mercenary squad containing the likes of two future governors, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Jesse Ventura, alongside Carl Weathers, Bill Duke, Shane Black, and others. Schwarzenegger plays Dutch, the teams leader, and the films protagonist. Once he and his armed gang of mercenaries slaughter a camp of guerilla fighters in a fictional Central American country, they must try to survive the wrath of the deadly Predator as they are killed off one by one. Dutch, as the last man standing, must find a way to kill the beast by using both the natural jungle environment and an ingenious set of traps to his advantage.

Predator is a lot of fun, it is easily accessible spectacle that combines elements of action, sci-fi, and horror. This mashup of genres is one of the movies key strengths, as many have noted. But the movie has its tongue somewhat in its cheek, most apparent in now-iconic moments like Dutch and Carl Weathers Dillons opening handshake and lines like I aint got time to bleed and get to the choppa! Just a year after Predator, director John McTiernan would shake up the action-movie world yet again by releasing a little movie called Die Hard. I like to think that Predator was his testing ground for so much of what made Die Hard click.

Predators direct follow-up, 1990s Predator 2, moves the action from the jungle to the big city. In a Los Angeles in the not-too-distant future, Lieutenant Mike Harrigan (Danny Glover) discovers something else is a factor contributing to murders during a citywide gang-related turf war, eventually discovering the culprit to be a Predator. Predator 2 is a serviceable enough sequel, not nearly as memorable as its predecessor, but it doesnt squander its legacy either. Glovers casting in particular feels quietly revolutionary in comparison to the burly, muscled men in the first one. Predator 2 could almost pass for a Lethal Weapon sequel where Glovers Roger Murtagh tracks a Predator sans Mel Gibsons Martin Riggs. Overall, Predator 2 is mostly worthwhile, has some creative ideas, and moves the franchise forward in mostly positive ways, but cant help but feel like a runner-up compared to its predecessor.

The ending of Predator 2 teased that the Predator species hunt xenomorphs, the species featured in the Alien franchise. Soon enough, the Alien vs. Predator concept became a popular spin-off in the form of comic books and video games. Naturally, a movie of these two icons of sci-fi horror going at it had to be made. The first of these efforts, 2004s Alien vs. Predator, is decent enough, and when the focus is on the two extraterrestrial species going head-to-head, it can be a lot of schlocky fun. I watched the movie right after it came out when I was a teenager, and that feels like the perfect time to watch it. Its not concerned with plot or characters as much as living up to the potential of its title. Because of that, I didnt even bother with the sequel, 2007s Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem.

The series tried switching it up a little with 2010s Predators, invoking the sequel is the title of the first movie, but plural idea that Aliens used way back in 1986. This time, the conceit is that some of Earths best soldiers, warriors, and mercenaries have been taken to an alien planet, where, as always, Predators hunt them down for sport. It features an all-star cast containing Adrian Brody, Lawrence Fishburne, Topher Grace, Walton Goggins, Alice Braga, Danny Trejo, and even future two-time Oscar-winner Mahershala Ali in one of his first movie roles.

Its certainly a bold, different take on the material, which had gotten somewhat stale in the intervening decades since the first two movies. The cast mostly gels, and it felt like the most ambitious Predator movie up to that point. When Predators works, it can be compelling, held up by the intriguing nature of its premise. But it suffers from a lot of what burdened Predator 2: expanding the lore and universe while not being as memorable in its own right. New creatures are introduced to threaten our cast of characters, but they dont linger as much as the classic Predators do. It was a creative idea to flip expectations and have the humans on an alien world, but the result doesnt feel like it lives up to its potential.

And then theres 2018s The Predator, easily the low point of the entire series. Writer/director Shane Black, who already had cult hits like 2005s Kiss Kiss Bang Bang and 2016s The Nice Guys, as well as Iron Man 3 under his belt, wanted to pay homage to his early role in the first movie by taking the reins of the franchise. The result is a befuddling, stupid mess of a movie. The mercenary characters featured in The Predator, in contrast to those in its direct predecessor, feel like stereotypes and have little in the way of personality. The humor is often unfunny and awkward. Even basic tenets of filmmaking, such as editing, seem to go out the window in this movie. Much as the case was in Iron Man 3, theres a little boy character whose precociousness ruins an otherwise adult-oriented action movie.

And dont get me started on the main drive of the film, that being that the Predator is trying to locate people with autism, believing them to be the next step in human evolution. Its as hokey and conceited as it sounds. The film is little more than an excuse to introduce new monsters into the Predator lore, like the massive Upgrade Predator that threatens the main characters. Its last scene even teases a new way to fight the Predators in a sequel that will thankfully never see the light of day. Watching The Predator was a frustrating experience, to say the least, and I had assumed the movie was an absolute nadir that the franchise would have a difficult time recovering from.

For cinephiles, tracking the evolution of this series over multiple decades is certainly worthwhile, and Prey most certainly both inherits and lives up to that legacy. This was a series started on a simple premise of a hostile extraterrestrial killing capable military men and their fight for survival. That turned into admirable efforts like Predator 2 and Predators that added to the mythology but didnt rise above their expectations. The franchise veered very shlock-heavy with the Alien vs. Predator movies at a time when many other franchises were being resurrected or rebooted.

That gave way to the absolute low point of The Predator, a movie that gleefully embraces every tired trope of the modern blockbuster era while offering nothing in return except for a tone-deaf plot about autism and a lack of any compelling characters.

Prey feels like it returns the series to its true form, getting back to the roots of what made the first one resonate so well by making us sympathize with a lone warrior up against a Goliath of an evil alien entity. Because of that, I hope that Prey has ended up breathing new life into a franchise and concept that I love.

If you're interested in writing for International Policy Digest - please send us an email via submissions@intpolicydigest.org

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'Prey' and the Evolution of the 'Predator' Franchise - International Policy Digest

Some 250 million years ago, during the conclusion of the Permian and the beginning of the Triassic, therate of evolution and diversity amongst reptiles began to soar, resulting in a bewildering array of skills, body types, and characteristics.

Artistic reconstruction of the reptile adaptive radiation in a terrestrial ecosystem during the warmest period in Earths history. Image depicts a massive, big-headed, carnivorous erythrosuchid (close relative to crocodiles and dinosaurs) and a tiny gliding reptile at about 240 million years ago. The erythrosuchid is chasing the gliding reptile and it is propelling itself using a fossilized skull of the extinct Dimetrodon (early mammalian ancestor) in a hot and dry river valley. Image Credit: Henry Sharpe

This development helped to clearly define both their extinct lineages and those still living today as one of the most diverse groups of animals the world has ever seen.

For a long time, the reason for this success was thought to be the extinction of their rivals during two of the planets largest mass extinction events, which occurred around 261 and 252 million years ago.

By reconstructing how the anatomy of ancient reptiles developed and comparing it with millions of years of climatic change, a new study conducted by Harvard has rewritten that theory.

Researchers led by Harvard paleontologist Stephanie Pierce found that the morphological diversification and evolution of early reptiles began not just years before these mass extinction events, but also as a direct result of the climate change that led to those events in the first place.

We are suggesting that we have two major factors at playnot just this open ecological opportunity that has always been thought by several scientistsbut also something that nobody had previously come up with, which is that climate change actually directly triggered the adaptive response of reptiles to help build this vast array of new body plans and the explosion of groups that we see in the Triassic.

Tiago R. Simes, Study Lead Author and Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University

Basically, [rising global temperatures] triggered all these different morphological experimentssome that worked quite well and survived for millions of years up to this day, and some others that basically vanished a few million years later, added Simes.

The researchers describe the extensive anatomical changes that occurred in many reptile groups, including the ancestors of crocodiles and dinosaurs, as a result of significant climate shifts that occurred between 260 and 230 million years ago in their paper, which was published on August 19th, 2022, in Science Advances.

The study offers a detailed examination of how a broad group of creatures evolved due to climate change, which is particularly important at this time given the steady increase in temperatures.

In fact, the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere today is around nine times greater than it was during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, which occurred 252 million years ago and is considered to be the largest climate change-related mass extinction in history.

Major shifts in global temperature can have dramatic and varying impacts on biodiversity. Here we show that rising temperatures during the Permian-Triassic led to the extinction of many animals, including many of the ancestors of mammals, but also sparked the explosive evolution of others, especially the reptiles that went on to dominate the Triassic period.

Stephanie E. Pierce, Thomas D. Cabot Associate Professor, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University

Pierce is also a curator of vertebrate paleontology in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Simes traveled to more than 20 countries and more than 50 different institutions to take scans and photographs of more than 1,000 reptile fossils for the project, which required close to eight years of data collecting.

With all of the data, the researchers produced a sizable dataset that was examined using cutting-edge statistical techniques to generate a diagram known as an evolutionary time tree. Time trees show the relationships between early reptiles, the beginning of their lineages, and the rate of evolution. They then merged it with prehistoric global temperature records.

It is evident that these alterations were not brought about by the Permian-Triassic extinction as previously believed because reptile body plans began to diversify roughly 30 million years before the catastrophe. However, the extinction events did contribute to getting them going.

The data also revealed that most reptile lineages underwent fast bodily modifications after increases in global temperatures, which began around 270 million years ago and persisted until at least 240 million years ago.

For instance, some of the larger cold-blooded species have evolved to grow smaller to make room for an easier cooling down, while others have evolved to live in water to achieve the same result.

A large, long-necked aquatic reptile, originally believed to be the Loch Ness monster, a tiny chameleon-like creature with a bird-like skull and beak, and a gliding reptile like a gecko with wings were all part of the latter group. Furthermore, it includes the ancestors of modern reptiles like turtles and crocodiles.

The ancestors of the first lizards and tuataras were smaller reptiles who followed a distinct evolutionary trajectory from that of their larger reptile cousins. The increasing temperatures caused their evolutionary rates to slow and stabilize.

According to the researchers, the reason is that smaller-bodied reptiles were already more acclimated to the increasing heat because they could dissipate heat from their bodies more readily than larger reptiles when temperatures rose rapidly all across Earth.

The researchers intend to build on this study by examining the effects of environmental disasters on the evolution of species with a great deal of modern diversity, such as the major lizard and snake groups.

Simes, T. R., et al. (2022) Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles. Science Advances. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898.

Source: https://www.harvard.edu/

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Rewritten Narrative on the Evolution and Diversity of Reptiles - AZoCleantech

It was uncertain how aortic valve replacement (AVR) affects the progression/regression of extra valvular cardiac injury and its relationship to eventual prognosis. For a study, researchers sought to examine the progression of cardiac injury after AVR and its relationship to outcomes.

Patients from the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) 2 and 3 studies who had transcatheter or surgical AVR were pooled and categorized by cardiac injury stage at baseline and 1 year (stage 0, no damage; stage 1, left ventricular damage; stage 2, left atrial or mitral valve damage; stage 3, pulmonary vasculature or tricuspid valve damage; and stage 4, right ventricular damage). The connection between the change in heart damage after AVR and 2-year outcomes was assessed using proportional hazards models.

Among 1,974 patients, 140 (7.1%) had stage 4 pre-AVR, 121 (6.1%) had stage 0, 287 (14.5%) had stage 1, 1,014 (51.4%) had stage 2, and 412 (20.9%) had stage 3. The degree of cardiac injury at baseline and after one year was related to two-year death. At 1 year, heart injury improved in 15% of patients compared to baseline, stayed stable in 60%, and worsened in 25% of patients, with mortality (adjusted HR for improvement: 0.49; no change: 1.00; worsening: 1.95; P=0.023) and the composite of death or heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR for improvement: 0.60; no change: 1.00; worsening: 2.25; P<0.001) at 2 years, the 1-year change in cardiac damage stage was independently associated.

The degree of extravalvular cardiac injury at baseline and its change at 1 year had significant prognostic consequences in patients receiving AVR. According to the findings, global cardiac function and prognosis might be improved by earlier identification of aortic stenosis and intervention before the onset of irreparable heart damage.

Reference: jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.006

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Impact of Cardiac Damage After AVR: Prognosis and Evolution - Physician's Weekly

The timing and intensity of the seasons shapes life all around us, including tool use by birds, the evolutionary diversification of giraffes, and the behaviour of our close primate relatives.

Some scientists suggest early humans and their ancestors also evolved due to rapid changes in their environment, but the physical evidence to test this idea has been elusive until now.

After more than a decade of work, weve developed an approach that leverages tooth chemistry and growth to extract information about seasonal rainfall patterns from the jaws of living and fossil primates.

We share our findings in a collaborative study just published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

During childhood our teeth grow in microscopic layers similar to the growth rings found in trees. Seasonal changes in the world around us, such as droughts and monsoons, influence our body chemistry. The evidence of such changes is recorded in our teeth.

Thats because the oxygen isotope composition of drinking water naturally varies with temperature and precipitation cycles. During warm or dry weather, surface waters accumulate more heavy isotopes of oxygen. During cool or wet periods, lighter isotopes become more common.

These temporal and climatic records remain locked inside fossilised tooth enamel, which can maintain chemical stability for millions of years. But the growth layers are generally so small that most chemical techniques cant measure them.

To get around this problem, we teamed up with geochemist Ian Williams at the Australian National University, who runs the world-leading Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) facilities.

In our study, we collected detailed records of tooth formation and enamel chemistry from slices of more than two dozen wild primate teeth from equatorial Africa.

We also analysed two fossil molars from an unusual large-bodied ape called Afropithecus turkanensis that lived in Kenya 17 million years ago. Diverse groups of apes inhabited Africa during this period, roughly 10 million years before the evolution of our early ancestors, the hominins.

Several aspects of our research are helpful for understanding the link between environmental patterns and primate evolution.

First, we observe a direct relationship between historic African rainfall patterns and primate tooth chemistry. This is the first test of a highly influential idea in archaeological and earth sciences applied to wild primates: that teeth can record fine details of seasonal environmental change.

We are able to document annual west African rainy seasons and identify the end of east African droughts. In other words, we can see the storms and seasons that occur during an individuals early life.

And this leads into another important aspect. We provide the largest record of primate oxygen isotope measurements collected so far, from diverse environments in Africa that may have resembled those of ancestral hominins.

Lastly, weve been able to reconstruct annual and semi-annual climate cycles, and marked environmental variation, from information held within the teeth of the two fossil apes.

Our observations support the hypothesis that Afropithecus developed certain features to adapt to a seasonal climate and challenging landscape. For example, it had specialised dental traits for hard object feeding, as well as a longer period of molar growth compared with earlier apes and monkeys consistent with the idea that it consumed more seasonally varied foods.

We conclude our work by comparing data from Afropithecus to earlier studies of fossil hominins and monkeys from the same region in Kenya. Our detailed microsampling shows just how sensitive tooth chemistry is to fine-scale climate variation.

Previous studies of more than 100 fossil teeth have missed the most interesting part of oxygen isotope compositions in teeth: the huge seasonal variation on the landscape.

Read more: What teeth can tell about the lives and environments of ancient humans and Neanderthals

This novel research approach, coupled with our fossil ape findings and modern primate data, will be crucial for future studies of hominin evolution especially in Kenyas famous Turkana Basin.

For example, some researchers have suggested that seasonal differences in foraging and stone tool use helped hominins evolve and coexist in Africa. This idea has been hard to prove or disprove, in part because seasonal climatic processes have been hard to tease out of the fossil record.

Our approach could also be extended to animal remains from rural Australia to gain further insight into historic climate conditions, as well as the prehistoric environmental changes that shaped Australias unique modern landscapes.

Read more: Archaeology can help us prepare for climates ahead not just look back

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Revelations from 17-million-year-old ape teeth could lead to new insights on early human evolution - The Conversation Indonesia

The forum will also see participants from universities, other governmental agencies such as the Ohio Department of Transportation, researchers, the Vertical Flight Society as well as those who work with the aviation, defense and healthcare industries. The event will be hosted in downtown Springfield and at Springfield-Beckley. It will see flight demonstrations, simulators used for testing and development and the sharing of information related to the states efforts to build a collaborative aviation ecosystem and a strong supply chain as well as the different applications of air mobility technology, such as how it can be utilized for healthcare.

Its about connecting folks to the Ohio supplier base and our universities so they can take advantage of those capabilities and build relationships. It also serves to attract those companies and have them come to Ohio so they can be close to those different partners either on the industry, supplier side or on the academic side, Bryant said.

The event also comes at a time as local, regional and state officials say that the continued work centered around that technology in the area can lead to manufacturing opportunities. The state as well as the greater Dayton region, including Springfield, have been working over the years to get in on the ground floor in relation to air mobility.

The idea is that as development and testing continues and that work sees more investment, companies that want to mass produce that technology will set up manufacturing facilities. Officials in the state and region say that the area is well positioned for those opportunities, citing available manufacturing space and growing partnerships between governmental, educational and business entities as well as supply routes and infrastructure.

More companies and manufacturing in Ohio as a result of air mobility development can add jobs and further strengthen the states economy.

That can also benefit the states traditional manufacturing presence, especially in Springfield and Clark County as a whole.

Our traditional supplier base in the community and region will have opportunities to serve that new industry, those new vehicles as they come online, said Tom Franzen, assistant city manager and director of Economic Development for the City of Springfield.

The growth of that cutting edge flight technology and continued interest in its capabilities has led to Springfields airport becoming an important location for the research and testing of unmanned aerial vehicles, known as drones, and air mobility technology. As a result, a $9.3 million National Advanced Air Mobility Center of Excellence is being constructed there. The 30,000 square-foot, two-story facility will accommodate university and government research and companies developing that technology that already have a presence at the airport. It will also provide 25,000 square-feet in hanger space.

That center, which is expected to be operational by the end of 2023, is slated to attract more companies looking to develop that technology as well as be used by other entities that are part of the program called Agility Prime. The Air Force launched the $35 million program in order to create and speed a commercial market for advanced air mobility aircraft.

We have interest from a dozen companies that want to have space in that facility, Franzen said of the air mobility center.

Springfield-Beckley benefits from its Ohio Air National Guard presence along with its proximity to institutions such as Wright Patterson Airforce base in the Dayton area. The airport along with the region as a whole has seen continued investment over the years to accommodate the development of air mobility technology and drone development. That includes flight simulators, charging stations and radar systems.

That previous work to add infrastructure as well as programs such as Agility Prime and cheaper testing cost have garnered interest from universities and companies that want to get closer to the research and development of air mobility technology.

The forum will allow the public to get up close and actually see what those aircraft will look like and how they will function and operate. The second day of the forum will see a ground breaking ceremony for the Advanced Air Mobility Center.

Money for the construction of that center will come from a roughly $6 million grant from the Department of Defense and JobsOhio has pledged support contingent on final approval of $2.9 million. The city is expected to cover the balance.

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Regions role in the evolution of flight on display in Springfield next 2 days - Springfield News Sun

Turok: Evolution is a First Person Shooter from 2002 and the fifth game in the Turok series. More importantly, Evolution is the first entry in the dinosaur hunting series to be released outside of the N64 and PC markets, and into the sixth generation of consoles. A lot changed between the original Turok and Evolution, and this is where problems began for the series.

While the N64 Turoks were well-received and influential games, they didnt really need to be much more than playable to find success. The original four games only had two competitors on Nintendos console, Goldeneye and Perfect Dark; though unable to outdo Rares effort, the Turok series won an easy third place.

By comparison, Turok: Evolution couldnt have been less lucky, having to go shoulder to shoulder with the many console shooters of the new generation: console shooters like TimeSplitters and Halo, as well as ports of Unreal, Castle Wolfenstein, and Half-Life. Releasing early in the consoles life cycle, Turok: Evolution had neither the first-party support of Halo, nor a generous deadline to get comfortable with the new hardware. Turok flopped, and its own sequel was cancelled . But can this competitive environment explain why Evolution was such a departure from the rest of the series?

One of the biggest changes from Turok to Turok: Evolution is the story. While the original trilogy had clear characters and an overarching plot, being even an early adaptor of cutscenes, Evolution feels like a dozen generic levels stringed together. Cutscenes are rare, and the only context we get for our actions often boils down to loading screen narration and radio messages.

Evolution is a prequel to the first Turok. Its the story of how TalSet became the first legendary dinosaur hunter. We even get to see him before the start of his adventures, when he was just a member of the indigenous Saquin nation of New Mexico. It also explains how a person from the 18th century ended up fighting dinosaurs in the first place: by traveling through time and space with the genocidal Southern army Captain, Tobias Bruckner. Dont worry, TalSet kills him in the end.

Now, while this is all very cool and good, Bruckner only appears in the intro cutscene and in the final level, making a short reappearance towards the mid-point to reassure us hes still the bad guy. Very little is known about him, other that he has nothing to do with almost every level we go through.

Overall, few of the games levels have any relevance to the main plot: all we seem to do is aimlessly run until we stumble into the final confrontation. Sometimes we aimlessly Fly, too! Some of the longest strings of levels feel like side quests, infiltrating a base to free prisoners or entering another to steal some documents. Theyre like the filler levels of old World War 2 shooters but without even the context of a historical conflict.

After randomly stumbling into Bad Guy Bruckner, we learn of our enemys plan to take over an allied city. We decide, sensibly, to blow up that city. The enemy responds with a mech, which we also blow up. Only then do we finally confront Bruckner, as if the game had forgotten who the villain was.

As you might have noticed, not even the games ending makes that much sense. But after all, few classic shooters have realistic levels or a reasonable plot. And if those levels arent built for story then they must be pretty fun to shoot through, right?

Lets get this over with now: those levels arent fun. Theyre not interesting to navigate, they dont look inspired or unique, and they dont make for interesting shooting galleries. Another large change from Turok to Turok: Evolution, our sequel looks like a PC shooter that had to tone down its design for consoles. In reality, this is what an unprepared console shift looks like.

Just like the levels themselves, the enemy encounters have also become more linear than before. We can attribute this to two causes: the broken AI, and the low enemy variation. Enemy soldiers get stuck behind cover or refuse to move when shot at from afar. Sometimes they jump in front of the player, in a sort of solitary charge, only to get hit once and spring back into cover.

The smaller the level, the easier it is to ignore their janky behavior, but another issue plagues the enemies regardless. While the series roots have a mix of dinosaurs and human soldiers, almost every enemy is now armed. And while melee enemies require simple logic, the AI of Evolution needs to work really hard just to not overwhelm the player, like waiting at a certain distance before attacking. This results in the broken AI and the simpler levels to accommodate their logic, killing the game in the process.

So much changed from Turok to Turok: Evolution, you wont even recognize their common protagonist. If you missed out on playing mediocre shooter on PS2, or if you cant wait to ruin your childhood memories of the game that got you into FPSs, then, by all means, play Evolution. But if you value your time, or you want to see your childhood memories be surpassed by the real thing, play the original Turok and its sequels instead.

Turok: Evolution is technically available on GameCube, Xbox, PC, and PlayStation 2, but the PC port is broken and the PS2 version is the second worst one. Hopefully, youll have a Wii or an Xbox 360 with retro compatibility laying around. If you dont, take it as a sign from the heavens and forget about this game.

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20 Years Later, Turok: Evolution Betrays its Name and Kills the Series - Goomba Stomp