Category Archives: Cloning

A GOOD cry, a big tub of ice cream and the support of our friends and family will help most of us get over a broken heart.

Heart failure is another matter and in that case ice cream wont help.

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But for the near-million of us who are living with the condition, there is reason to be hopeful this Valentines Day.

Trailblazing scientists are working on a number of new approaches, including helping hearts to self-heal using groundbreaking regenerative medicine.

This could be great news for the 920,000 people in the country living with heart failure and suffering symptoms including breathlessness, tiredness, dizziness and extreme exhaustion after exercise.

Heart failure is most commonly caused by a heart attack, high blood pressure or inherited conditions.

It occurs when part of the heart is damaged and struggles to pump blood around the body. The condition can affect anyone but men over 65 are especially susceptible.

Now the British Heart Foundation is aiming to raise 3million to enable researchers to push the boundaries of medicine by finding ways to teach the heart to repair itself.

Professor Metin Avkiran, the foundations associate medical director, says: Unlocking these secrets could help heal hearts and transform the outcomes for people living with devastating heart failure.

And they are planning to mend our damaged hearts with the help of mice, zebrafish...and a little bit of cloning.

Sign up to be part of Team BHF and take on the 2022 TCS London Marathon either with a ballot or BHF charity place here: bhf.org.uk/londonmarathon2022

IN futuristic labs up and down the country, scientists are growing new heart cells and tissue from scratch.

Professor Stefan Hoppler and his team at the University of Aberdeen are growing heart muscle cells from stem cells and focusing on a protein called troponin T, which helps the heart to contract and relax.

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Theyre using the cells to mimic how heart muscle develops in the womb and hope that one day lab-grown ones will improve recovery after a heart attack.

Professor Sanjay Sinha at Cambridge University is using stem cells to grow actual beating heart tissue, in an effort to help more people with heart failure live healthier lives.

The ground-breaking tech could eventually be applied to damaged sections of the organ to encourage it to repair itself.

Then you have Dr Mairi Brittan, at the University of Edinburgh, who is looking at clone cells, or endothelial cells, found on the inside of blood vessels.

These cells are copies that move to areas that lack oxygen, and then create new blood and lymphatic vessels.

Dr Brittan and her team think finding ways to stimulate these cells after a heart attack could help the heart learn to rewire blood vessels and provide damaged areas with more oxygen.

This could save muscle and prevent heart failure.

Laura Stewart, 39, a fitness instructor who lives in Newport, Wales, with husband Alex, 48, and daughter Orla, four, is living proof of the importance of heart disease research.

In 2013, she was training for 10k races and marathons when she noticed her heart kept skipping beats, even when she was sitting relaxed on the sofa.

She recalled: It felt as if my heart would stop then suddenly beat quite hard. It would take my breath away.

Laura eventually saw her GP, who ordered an ECG that showed she had a condition called heart block.

She said: Its very serious but there are different levels first, second, and third degree. I was showing as first degree so he said theyd keep an eye on me and run further tests.

Six months later. Laura had a second ECG and just as it happened, her heart went into complete block, which can be fatal.

I was very lucky they saw it, otherwise I might not be here today, she says. I was shocked to be told the treatment was to be fitted with a pacemaker.

I was a fit and healthy 31-year-old. I didnt feel unwell. I didnt smoke. There is no history of family heart disease.

Laura was doing everything right. She had just been unlucky.

She had surgery in April 2014 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, South East London.

Five other women on the ward all in their 70s and 80s were having the same procedure.

I kept thinking, I shouldnt be here. says Laura.

Physically, she recovered well, but mentally it was much harder to come to terms with. I found it hard to accept this was something Id have for the rest of my life.

Almost eight years on, Laura says the operation has meant she could have her daughter.

She says: If it wasnt for this amazing surgery, I would never have been able to have children my heart wasnt strong enough.

Studies are carried out on pacemakers all the time and if I were to ever need a new one maybe it will be smaller, maybe the battery will last longer.

Maybe Ill need a different implant altogether. There could be all sorts of advances that might benefit my life.

INCREDIBLY, zebrafish could provide the answer to getting heart patients back on their feet.

Dr Sarah De Val, at the University of Oxford, is studying developing blood vessels in zebrafish embryos.

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Her teams aim is to manipulate blood vessel growth in the human heart so it can bounce back better after a heart attack.

Their research on zebrafish a tiny, blue and silver freshwater species could one day benefit Lisa Brereton, 49, who suffered two heart attacks before the age of 40 and now lives with heart failure.

The NHS manager was 38 when she went from being absolutely fine to being in pain. I was feverish, with pins and needles in my left arm.

The pain kept her up at night but doctors could not work out what was happening, until May 2011 she went to an out-of-hours GP feeling very unwell.

She says: He sent me to A&E. I was admitted to the cardiac unit and underwent an angiogram which revealed Id had a heart attack on the Friday.

This came as a huge shock, as Id been out with my mum in the evening, and although I was in pain I dosed up on painkillers and still went.

Its strange when people ask me what it feels like to have a heart attack, as I have no idea. Its a myth that you always suffer chest pain and collapse. For me, it wasnt like that.

Lisa, who lives in Crystal Palace, South East London, had two stents fitted and was discharged with a monitor to check on her heart activity, which a month later flagged her troponin levels were raised an sign of heart-related activity.

She says: I had an angiogram and unfortunately during the procedure had a spiral dissection where a tear forms in a blood vessel, causing the heart distress.

Three more stents were fitted but two years later Lisa was feeling shattered and breathless again.

She had a leaking valve and also needed a coronary artery bypass graft, which involved open-heart surgery.

In June 2013, surgeons took a blood vessel from Lisas arm and attached it to the coronary artery to boost blood flow to the heart, and her mitral valve was repaired.

She says: The recovery was tough. I couldnt get upstairs at home without stopping for a rest and could only walk short distances.

In January 2014, the valve began leaking again and needed replacing.

She says: I found this very hard to take, as I hadnt fully recovered from the first operation.

I was not mentally prepared to go through it again.

Fortunately her doctor was amazing and found a trial drug usually used to improve the quality of life of elderly people too unwell for surgery.

She has been on it ever since and it has slowed the leak.

She says: I still have a reasonable quality of life,. I do Pilates and I swim.

I still get tired very easily and if I want to go out in the evening I have a rest in the afternoon to give me energy.

I might have to consider surgery for a metal valve in the future, but right now Im just trying to live my best life.

PROFESSOR Mauro Giacca at Kings College London and Dr Joaquim Vieira at the University of Oxford are hoping to advance heart treatment by exploring genetics.

Professor Giacca has been injecting mouse hearts with microRNAs small molecules that turn genes off.

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They make heart muscle cells multiply, which thickens and strengthens the heart muscle.

Potentially this could lead to stimulating human heart cells to regenerate and fix damaged areas.

Dr Vieira, meanwhile, is working on genes that in embryos in a process called the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cause the heart to repair itself. If all goes well, patients could have access to the life-saving results within five to ten years.

In the meantime we can all adopt lifestyle changes to boost our tickers.NHS consultant cardiologist Kevin Fox says: The best thing you can do to keep your heart healthy is to stop smoking.

Reducing your salt, fat and red meat intake also helps, as does exercising regularly.

But all the radical scientific love and research offers huge hope for people like Laura and Lisa.

For anyone living with heart failure, that is definitely better than a bunch of roses from the garage this Valentines Day.

Read more from the original source:

How scientists are fixing damaged hearts like these with help of mice, zebrafish... and cloning - Central Recorder

Monday 07 February 2022 1:38 pm

What is the value of a human life? What makes us who we are? How can we weigh our good deeds against our bad? Does any of this really matter? A Number asks these heavy questions with a remarkable lightness of touch.

Among the most commonly-performed of Caryl Churchills plays, its a blistering hour and change of philosophical intrigue and familial angst. Written in 2002 when Dolly the Sheep (1996-2003) was still alive and chewing, it opens with an awkward conversation between father and son Salter and Bernard (Lennie James and Paapa Essiedu). It transpires that Bernard has been cloned and that a number of Bernards are now walking the earth, all part of some shady social experiment. Salter at first seems full of righteous indignation, but as Bernard pulls at the loose threads in his story a sadder, more horrifying narrative begins to take shape.

The text is wonderful, its family drama far more than a framework for the Big Ideas it explores. Its sparse and spiky, full of lines of dialogue that trail off mid-way through, each one full of unspoken meaning.

Its performed against Es Devlins super-stylish backdrop of an all-red apartment walls, sofas, floors, radiators that leans into the unreality of the piece and lends it the slightly kitsch air of an episode of The Twilight Zone. Scene changes, meanwhile, use some inventive sleight of hand that allows characters to change costume in the blink of an eye, although the blinding lights that help facilitate this do become a little obnoxious.

Its hard not to compare director Lyndsey Turners production to Polly Findlays version at the Bridge Theatre a couple of years ago. Where that play seemed to foreground Roger Allams Salter, here Bernard carries more weight, with Essiedu brilliantly switching between Salters meek, likable son and a second, more sinister character.

The word timeless is thrown about too often but its relevant here this play hasnt aged a day since 2002 and I imagine it will have the same rapier edge in another 20 years.

See the article here:

A Number at the Old Vic review: Cloning drama never seems to age - City A.M.

NDRI Developed 2 Cloned Calves

Scientists of National Dairy Research Institute(NDRI)in Karnal have achieved new success in the field of cloning. 2 cloned calves (1 Male & 1 Female) have been produced at NDRI, which have the genetic ability to givehighquantity ofmilk. Scientists claim that this will double themilk productionin the country and increase the income of farmers.

Milk production in buffaloes born from the semen of cloned animal is 14 to 16 kg per day as compared to normal buffalo.

After the approval of the central government, this technology will be delivered to the farmers.Dr MSChauhan, Director of National Dairy Research, Karnal, saidthat this isbreakthroughmomentin the field of cloning, the scientistsresearchis moving in the right direction. Apart from this, he told that animal husbandry has an important place in the agricultural economy of India. Buffalo contributes about 50% of the total milk production and is playing an important role in the livelihood of the farmers. Semen from cloned animalscandouble milk production.

Dr Chauhantoldthe malecalf isnamedGantantrasince he was born on Republic Day, while the female calfis namedKarnika(born on December 20) after the city Karnal. NDRI has generated over 25 cloned animals, 11 of which are stillalive.

According to Manoj Kumar Singh, a senior scientist at the NDRI,Gantantrais a clone of an elite bull, whileKarnikawas created from the cells of an NDRI high-yielding buffalo that produced 6,089 kg milk in the fifth lactation. The calves were delivered by regular parturition, and both are in good condition.

This is another significant accomplishment, and we are now focusing on lowering the death rate of cloned animals, which has already grown to roughly 6% from 1% in 2010.

He claims that these cloned animals will assist satisfy the need for high-quality bulls and milk production. "Seven of the 11 cloned animals are male, and three of them are employed to produce sperm," he continued.

"The efforts of NDRI researchers will not only help boost milk production in the country, but will also help satisfy the need for excellent quality semen for artificial insemination," saidManmohanSinghChauhan, director of NDRI Karnal.

For more details you may contact NDRI.

Dear patron, thank you for being our reader. Readers like you are an inspiration for us to move Agri Journalism forward. We need your support to keep delivering quality Agri Journalism and reach the farmers and people in every corner of rural India. Every contribution is valuable for our future.

Read the original here:

NDRI Develops 2 Cloned Buffaloes That Can Bring Another White Revolution In India - Krishi Jagran

THIEVES who stole Range Rovers in Tameside "used technology to gain entry" before driving them away without having to clone keys, police have said.

On Tuesday, police reported that a number of the high value cars had been taken from addresses in Hyde on Monday night in keyless thefts.

Officers have discovered a type of technology was used to get inside the vehicles and has warned owners to secure them.

A police spokesman said: "Further investigative enquiries have revealed that the offenders have used technology to gain entry and drive the vehicle off without having to clone the key.

"The only way of preventing thieves from removing a vehicle in this way is to fit a steering lock.

"If you own a car with a keyless ignition system please consider improving its security by utilising a steering wheel lock.

"While the district's Serious Acquisitive Crime Team are actively developing lines of enquiry to identify and arrest these offenders, you can work with us by making it more difficult to steal the car in the first place."

The spokesman added: "Please feel free to speak to your local officers about this if you have any concerns or drop us an email at tamesidesouth@gmp.police.uk.

"We will add you to our monthly newsletter showing what the team has been doing as well as providing crime prevention advice and information on crime trends in the area."

View original post here:

Tameside Range Rover thieves used technology without cloning keys, police reveal - theoldhamtimes.co.uk

It had just timed out and was starting to slow down metabolically, was starting to have more trouble processing energy and gathering energy, Aquino said. Starting to lose root tissue, lose root mass, and then, you start to get decay and other issues.

The signs had been present for years. After several large pruning operations to keep its canopy healthy, Aquino eventually decided they were spending too much energy and money on a losing battle.

We started to get to where we were losing a pretty major percentage of the tree's canopy and it sort of became evident that we needed to start planning for the removal of this tree, Aquino said.

The tree came down in mid-January, while CU classes were held remotely due to the spread of the COVID-19 omicron variant. Freezing rains poured over Boulder, but that didnt stop people from paying their respects.

The day after crews finished cutting it down, Aquino returned to the stump to find someones graduation tassel hanging from the bark. And that wasnt the only memorial he found that week.

Some folks left flowers, some people left some bundles of evergreen bows and things kind of bundled together with string and stuff, Aquino said. I know a lot of people have been visiting the tree. A lot of people told me they were going to.

Two of those people were Evan Cantor and his wife, Robin, who worked at the Old Main building for several years before retiring. Cantor described the tree as an old friend.

You'd take your lunch breaks, you go out there and sit underneath that tree or even just an afternoon break, he said. Sit under that tree and look up at it.

But what Cantor appreciated more was Old Main Cottonwoods constant presence through the decades of change and growth in Colorado, and Boulder in particular. A rare constant in a changing landscape.

Even the men's room, you'd be standing at a urinal and there's a mirror and you'd look up and there's the tree coming through the window on the mirror, Cantor said. It was just so ubiquitous. It seemed somehow protective.

Now Old Main Cottonwoods 142 years of growth are all but a stump. But Aquinos team hopes its legacy will live on.

On two separate occasions before its demise, his team collected small branches from the tree and passed them off to CUs greenhouse. John Clark, the greenhouse director, said if all goes to plan, those branches will turn into clones of the tree a next generation.

Basically we've taken those branches that he brought in, made some four-inch, six-inch and eight-inch cuttings, put some rooting hormone on them and put them in these grow tubes so that they can have soil around, have a little bit of moisture, but not stay wet, Clark said.

Clark said it's common to try and regrow clippings from a tree with favorable characteristics. Old Main Cottonwood fit the bill because it outlived and outgrew the 41 other cottonwoods it was bought alongside.

There are two batches of clippings. One from 2014, which resulted in six baby trees that will eventually be planted on campus. And one taken right before Old Main Cottonwood was cut down, which has about 25 cuttings. Clark hopes a little more than half of those will survive and get planted.

It's gonna be a five- to six-year process, Clark said. We've got them in these small tubes. Next year after they root we'll bump them up into two inch tubes, then up into three-inch tubes, then they will go into containers for the last two to three years and then they'll be planted outside.

At some point during the spring semester, CU will plant one of its clones in the same area and install a commemorative plaque where Old Main Cottonwood once stood.

And maybe, with some luck and good weather, one of those trees will live through another 27 U.S. presidents and thousands more smiling graduates.

Read the rest here:

CU was forced to cut down a famed 142-year-old tree. But its legacy will live on through tree cloning - Colorado Public Radio

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TOC

1 Report Business Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Market Analysis by Type1.2.1 Global Pet Cloning Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 20281.2.2 Deceased Pet Cloning1.2.3 Alive Pet Cloning1.3 Market by Application1.3.1 Global Pet Cloning Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 20281.3.2 Dogs1.3.3 Cats1.3.4 Others1.4 Study Objectives1.5 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Global Pet Cloning Market Perspective (2017-2028)2.2 Pet Cloning Growth Trends by Region2.2.1 Pet Cloning Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 20282.2.2 Pet Cloning Historic Market Size by Region (2017-2022)2.2.3 Pet Cloning Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028)2.3 Pet Cloning Market Dynamics2.3.1 Pet Cloning Industry Trends2.3.2 Pet Cloning Market Drivers2.3.3 Pet Cloning Market Challenges2.3.4 Pet Cloning Market Restraints 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players3.1 Global Top Pet Cloning Players by Revenue3.1.1 Global Top Pet Cloning Players by Revenue (2017-2022)3.1.2 Global Pet Cloning Revenue Market Share by Players (2017-2022)3.2 Global Pet Cloning Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Pet Cloning Revenue3.4 Global Pet Cloning Market Concentration Ratio3.4.1 Global Pet Cloning Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Pet Cloning Revenue in 20213.5 Pet Cloning Key Players Head office and Area Served3.6 Key Players Pet Cloning Product Solution and Service3.7 Date of Enter into Pet Cloning Market3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Pet Cloning Breakdown Data by Type4.1 Global Pet Cloning Historic Market Size by Type (2017-2022)4.2 Global Pet Cloning Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 5 Pet Cloning Breakdown Data by Application5.1 Global Pet Cloning Historic Market Size by Application (2017-2022)5.2 Global Pet Cloning Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 6 North America6.1 North America Pet Cloning Market Size (2017-2028)6.2 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type6.2.1 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2017-2022)6.2.2 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2023-2028)6.2.3 North America Pet Cloning Market Share by Type (2017-2028)6.3 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application6.3.1 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2017-2022)6.3.2 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2023-2028)6.3.3 North America Pet Cloning Market Share by Application (2017-2028)6.4 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country6.4.1 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2017-2022)6.4.2 North America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2023-2028)6.4.3 U.S.6.4.4 Canada 7 Europe7.1 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size (2017-2028)7.2 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Type7.2.1 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2017-2022)7.2.2 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2023-2028)7.2.3 Europe Pet Cloning Market Share by Type (2017-2028)7.3 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Application7.3.1 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2017-2022)7.3.2 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2023-2028)7.3.3 Europe Pet Cloning Market Share by Application (2017-2028)7.4 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Country7.4.1 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2017-2022)7.4.2 Europe Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2023-2028)7.4.3 Germany7.4.4 France7.4.5 U.K.7.4.6 Italy7.4.7 Russia7.4.8 Nordic Countries 8 Asia-Pacific8.1 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size (2017-2028)8.2 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Type8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2017-2022)8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2023-2028)8.2.3 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Share by Type (2017-2028)8.3 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Application8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2017-2022)8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2023-2028)8.3.3 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Share by Application (2017-2028)8.4 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Region8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Region (2017-2022)8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Pet Cloning Market Size by Region (2023-2028)8.4.3 China8.4.4 Japan8.4.5 South Korea8.4.6 Southeast Asia8.4.7 India8.4.8 Australia 9 Latin America9.1 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size (2017-2028)9.2 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type9.2.1 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2017-2022)9.2.2 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2023-2028)9.2.3 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Share by Type (2017-2028)9.3 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application9.3.1 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2017-2022)9.3.2 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2023-2028)9.3.3 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Share by Application (2017-2028)9.4 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country9.4.1 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2017-2022)9.4.2 Latin America Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2023-2028)9.4.3 Mexico9.4.4 Brazil 10 Middle East & Africa10.1 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size (2017-2028)10.2 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Type10.2.1 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2017-2022)10.2.2 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Type (2023-2028)10.2.3 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Share by Type (2017-2028)10.3 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Application10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2017-2022)10.3.2 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Application (2023-2028)10.3.3 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Share by Application (2017-2028)10.4 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Country10.4.1 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2017-2022)10.4.2 Middle East & Africa Pet Cloning Market Size by Country (2023-2028)10.4.3 Turkey10.4.4 Saudi Arabia10.4.5 UAE 11 Key Players Profiles11.1 Sinogene Pet Cloning11.1.1 Sinogene Pet Cloning Company Details11.1.2 Sinogene Pet Cloning Business Overview11.1.3 Sinogene Pet Cloning Pet Cloning Introduction11.1.4 Sinogene Pet Cloning Revenue in Pet Cloning Business (2017-2022)11.1.5 Sinogene Pet Cloning Recent Developments11.2 Sooam Biotech11.2.1 Sooam Biotech Company Details11.2.2 Sooam Biotech Business Overview11.2.3 Sooam Biotech Pet Cloning Introduction11.2.4 Sooam Biotech Revenue in Pet Cloning Business (2017-2022)11.2.5 Sooam Biotech Recent Developments11.3 ViaGen Pets11.3.1 ViaGen Pets Company Details11.3.2 ViaGen Pets Business Overview11.3.3 ViaGen Pets Pet Cloning Introduction11.3.4 ViaGen Pets Revenue in Pet Cloning Business (2017-2022)11.3.5 ViaGen Pets Recent Developments11.4 Boyalife11.4.1 Boyalife Company Details11.4.2 Boyalife Business Overview11.4.3 Boyalife Pet Cloning Introduction11.4.4 Boyalife Revenue in Pet Cloning Business (2017-2022)11.4.5 Boyalife Recent Developments11.5 My friend Again11.5.1 My friend Again Company Details11.5.2 My friend Again Business Overview11.5.3 My friend Again Pet Cloning Introduction11.5.4 My friend Again Revenue in Pet Cloning Business (2017-2022)11.5.5 My friend Again Recent Developments 12 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions 13 Appendix13.1 Research Methodology13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach13.1.2 Data Source13.2 Author Details13.3 Disclaimer

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Pet Cloning Market Size, Historical Growth, Analysis, Opportunities and Forecast to2028| Sinogene Pet Cloning, Sooam Biotech, ViaGen Pets ...

(NewsNation Now) Chris Swecker, a former assistant director of the FBI Criminal Investigations Unit, joins Banfield to discuss the three officers shot Thursday in Houston.

Officer Jason Riveras casket, draped in a green, white and blue NYPD flag, was carried into St. Patricks Cathedral on Thursday for his wake. Cardinal Timothy Dolan will preside over his funeral Mass there Friday.

Michael Daly, a special correspondent for The Daily Beast, joins Ashleigh to examine the shooting that left Rivera dead.

The Super Bowl is just weeks away. And while we dont know who will be playing in it yet, we know there will be a halftime show.

Taja Riley, a dance artist and activist, says its time halftime show dancers be paid for their labor.

Melain Rodriguez, client service manager for Viagen Pets, a company that has mastered the art of cloning pets dogs, cats and horses joins the show to discuss the sometimes controversial practice.

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Police shot in Houston, halftime show dancer demands payment, and the practice of cloning pets - NewsNation Now

Understanding the real science behind the headlines and the hubbub.

Cloning. More than ever, the word stirs emotion and triggers debate, as what was once science fiction becomes scientific fact. Just what are researchers working on and why? Do we have anything to gain, or to lose, from their continued efforts?

For the first time, researchers have successfully cloned a human embryo -- and have extracted stem cells, the body's building blocks, from the embryo. Stem cells are considered one of the greatest hopes for curing diseases like diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and paralysis caused by spinal cord injury.

Before you decide where you stand on this debate, you'll need to understand where the science is today. To put it all in perspective, WebMD asked some renowned scientists to explain precisely what cloning is and what it isn't. Popular depictions -- from the ominous hordes of worker drones in the futuristic novel Brave New World to Michael Keaton's comic time-saving duplicates in the film Multiplicity -- have almost nothing to do with reality.

"Clones are genetically identical individuals," says Harry Griffin, PhD. "Twins are clones." Griffin is assistant director of the Roslin Institute -- the lab in Edinburgh, Scotland, where Dolly the cloned sheep was created in 1997.

Usually, after sperm and egg meet, the fertilized cell begins dividing. Remaining in a clump, the one becomes two, then four, eight, 16, and so on. These cells become increasingly specialized to a particular function and organize into organs and systems. Eventually, it's a baby.

Sometimes, though, after the first division, the two cells split apart. They continue dividing separately, growing to become two individuals with the exact same genetic make-up -- identical twins, or clones. This phenomenon, though not entirely understood, is far from unusual. We've all known identical twins.

Early on, says Griffin, the term cloning referred to embryo splitting -- doing in the lab what happens in the woman's body to create identical twins. "It was first done in cattle, but there are one or two human examples." Those human embryos were never implanted, he says. "Twins were not deliberately created, but they certainly could be."

When we speak of cloning nowadays, however, we're referring not to embryo splitting, but to a process called nuclear transfer. "The importance is that with nuclear transfer, you can copy an existing individual, and that's why there's controversy," says Griffin.

In nuclear transfer, DNA from an unfertilized egg is removed and replaced with DNA from an adult body cell -- a skin cell, for example. When the process works, the manipulated cell -- coaxed by the newly-implanted genetic material -- begins to divide and eventually becomes a genetic replica of the adult-cell donor. The process produces a new individual whose identical twin is not a minute or two older, but already grown up.

Now, researchers in South Korea and the University of Michigan have cloned a human embryo. This is not cloning to make a genetically matched baby, but cloning for research purposes -- also called therapeutic cloning or research cloning.

This new development means that therapeutic cloning -- the ability to create human clones for research purposes -- is no longer a theory, but a reality. And it's sure to reignite the controversy of whether to ban all cloning or to allow some cloning for therapeutic purposes.

Therapeutic cloning is not new. Scientists have used the technology to cure a variety of diseases in mice. Scientists have also studied the potential uses of human stem cells culled from embryos leftover in fertility clinics.

Previous attempts to clone human embryos to obtain stem cells genetically identical to the patient are believed to have failed despite reports to the contrary -- until now.

In this new study, researchers collected 242 eggs donated by 16 South Korean volunteers. Women also donated some cells from their ovary.

The scientists then used a technique called somatic nuclear transfer to remove the genetic material -- which contains the nucleus of each egg -- and replace it with the nucleus from the donor's ovarian cell.

Then, using chemicals to trigger cell division, the researchers were able to create 30 blastocysts -- early-stage embryos that contain about 100 cells -- that were a genetic copy of the donor cells.

Next, the researchers harvested a single colony of stem cells that have the potential to grow into any tissue in the body. Because they are the genetic match to the donor, they aren't likely to be rejected by the patient's immune system.

"Our approach opens the door for the use of these specially developed cells in transplantation medicine," says Woo Suk Hwang, a scientist who led the research in South Korea.

But some researchers doubt that this technique for human cloning could ever be used for widespread treatment of disease.

"The great vision of this field is to create personalized stem cells for individual patients," says Griffin. "You'd take the cell from the patient and create the cell type you want -- say pancreatic islet cells for diabetics -- by transferring it to an egg, creating an embryo, and growing them."

"If there were enough women to donate enough eggs, and enough [funding], I'm certain it could be done," says Steven Stice, PhD, professor and GRE Eminent Scholar at the University of Georgia in Athens. "But we collect hundreds of eggs a day from cattle to do our cloning. You could never expect to do that in humans. Technically, it's not feasible."

"In the U.K., 120,000 people suffer from Parkinson's disease. Where are you going to get 120,000 human eggs? The reality is that there simply are not enough eggs ... available to make therapeutic cloning a practical, routine therapy," says Griffin.

And offering women money would still not yield the necessary numbers. The egg-harvesting process is just too uncomfortable. "Egg donation is akin to bone marrow transplantation as far as how unpleasant the process is for the donor," says Griffin.

And then there's money. "You'd have to produce an individual cell line for each person to avoid the immune response," says Stice. "The cost would be horrendous. It will be very difficult to get to an application [of the technology] that won't cost hundreds of thousands of dollars [each time]."

In the end, both experts agree that therapeutic cloning is really unnecessary, given the existing supply of viable embryos left over from in vitro fertilization. "They would be discarded," says Stice. "They're donated with consent, and would never have gone on to form an individual. There are great opportunities with existing cell lines to get to the point of treating disease. We don't have to go to [cloning]."

So why continue? Because of the wealth of information it can provide, says Griffin.

But there's another angle to cloning.

For some, the technology is seen not as a source for stem cells to cure disease, but as a last, best hope for biological offspring, or, mistakenly and tragically, as a means of "bringing back" a lost spouse, child, or other loved one.

First of all, says Griffin, "only about 1 to 2% of cloned animals make it to live birth." And you can't even extrapolate that number to humans, because cows and sheep get pregnant much more easily than do women. What's more, many animal clones die late in pregnancy, or early in life, he says.

Sure, there are healthy animal clones that appear to be normal. "But the tests of normality in animals are not particularly rigorous. From a safety point of view alone, no one should be attempting to clone a child," says Griffin.

Even if technology advances to the point where human reproductive cloning, as it's called, were a viable option -- and as you've seen, we're not even close -- anyone suggesting that cloning can duplicate an existing human being is just plain wrong, says Stice.

Identical twins are most certainly two different people -- they even have different fingerprints despite sharing 100% of their DNA. In the same way, your clone would be a unique individual.

In fact, says Stice, your clone would be "even less [like you] than your twin. Most twins are raised in similar environments, whereas a clone of an adult will most likely have different experiences and different environmental factors affecting them [as they grow]."

No matter how far science takes us, one thing is certain, people are simply not replaceable.

WebMD Feature

Pagination

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The Facts and Fiction of Cloning - WebMD

When photographer Courtney Udvar-Hazy's wolf-dog hybrid tragically died after being struck by a car in 2018, she decided she needed to clone her.

Udvar-Hazy's dog Willow had quite a following on Instagram when she unexpectedly died. But the account, @WanderwithWillow, is still very much active, except now Udvar-Hazy posts pictures of her pup Phoenix.

Phoenix, a two-year-old wolf-dog hybrid, is Willow's clone.

Udvar-Hazy contacted the same company that famously cloned Barbra Streisand's dog Samantha in 2018, ViaGen Pets. The Texas-based company launched in 2016 and utilizes the original pet's cells to create an embryo which is then transferred to a surrogate mother.

Udvar-Hazy ended up with Phoenix as well as an additional five identical puppies that she gifted to her friends, Input Magazine reported.

Currently, ViaGen Pets is able to clone dogs for $50,000, cats for $35,000, and horses for an initial payment of $45,000. But according to the website, although the clone might have the exact same DNA profile as the original pet, it will still develop its own temperament and personality.

According to the website, the cloning process is fairly expensive due to "state of the art housing," nutritious diets, and "expert" veterinary care that the cloned puppies and kittens are provided.

While the idea behind cloning a deceased pet sounds like something out of a sci-fi novel, the technology isn't actually all that new. The first-ever cloned dog, Snuppy, was born in 2005. Using stem cells from Snuppy, scientists were able to reclone him and create four more dogs in 2017. While one dog died, the other three are all healthy.

While many people still share a concern that cloning animals could affect their health, ViaGen Pets claims that cloned animals are no more susceptible to health issues than noncloned animals.

With more and more people opening up about cloning their beloved pets, ViaGen hopes that the process will become more accessible and normalized in society. For many, cloning a pet serves as a coping mechanism to deal with their grief. But the cloning process is by no means a quick fix.

Kelly Anderson, who runs the Instagram account @adogandacat, said it took about four years for ViaGen Pets to clone her Ragdoll named Chai after she unexpectedly died while in the care of a pet sitter.

Before Chai's death, Anderson had accumulated more than 64,000 followers and now she wasn't sure how to keep the page active.

Anderson explained to Newsweek that she was up all night the day Chai died and remembered a recent conversation she had with a friend about ViaGen Pets and their cloning process. She recalled calling them as soon as they opened the next day.

Since her cat had already been frozen at the vet and the cloning process required live skin tissue, they told Anderson they could make no promises that the procedure would be successful because of the frozen tissue.

"They recommend that you do it while the cat or dog or horse is still alive because it's a noninvasive kind of procedure," she told Newsweek. "I have preached that to everyone since going through this process. Preserve cells now, the worst that happens is you're out like $1,000 or so and don't have any regret in case something unexpected does happen."

But luckily for Anderson, the team at ViaGen Pets was able to gather enough cells to clone Chai. Now, Anderson said she has Belle who looks identical to Chai and is working to build her Instagram account back up with Belle.

Newsweek reached out to Courtney Udvar-Hazy and ViaGen Pets.

Continued here:

Pet Cloning Becomes More Popular As Instagrammers Begin Replicating Deceased Pets - Newsweek