Category Archives: Artificial Intelligence

There wasnt any one big product announcement at Google I/O keynote on Wednesday, the annual event when thousands of programmers meet to learn about Googles software platforms. Instead, it was a steady trickle of incremental improvements across Googles product portfolio. And almost all of the improvements were driven by breakthroughs in artificial intelligence the softwares growing ability to understand complex nuances of the world around it.

Companies have been hyping artificial intelligence for so long and often delivering such mediocre results that its easy to tune it out. AI is also easy to underestimate because its often used to add value to existing products rather than creating new ones.

But even if youve dismissed AI technology in the past, there are two big reasons to start taking it seriously. First, the software really is getting better at a remarkable pace. Problems that artificial intelligence researchers struggled with for decades are suddenly getting solved

Our software is going to get superpowers thanks to AI, says Frank Chen, a partner at the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. Computer programs will be able to do things that we thought were human-only activities: recognizing what's in a picture, telling when someone's going to get mad, summarizing documents.

But more importantly, Chen says, AI capabilities are about to be everywhere. Until recently, big companies focused on adding AI capabilities to their own products think about your smartphone transcribing your voice and Facebook identifying the faces in your photos. But now big companies are starting to open up their powerful AI capabilities to third-party developers.

And often, this is the moment when a new technology has a really big impact. The iPhone didnt really become truly revolutionary until Apple created the app store, allowing third parties to create apps like Uber and Instagram. Soon every company and every ambitious kid in a dorm room is going to have access to the same powerful AI tools as the worlds leading technology companies.

Primitive forms of AI have been around for a long time. Back in the 1990s, for example, you could get voice-to-text software that would transcribe your words into a word processor.

But these products used to be terrible. Speech-to-text software would make so many errors that wasnt much faster than typing a document on a keyboard. The handwriting recognition feature on Apples 1990s tablet computer, the Newton, was so bad it became a punchline. As recently as the early 2010s, I remember the voice-to-text feature of my smartphone making a lot of mistakes.

Then AI technology suddenly started working better. A couple of years ago, I noticed that my smartphone hardly ever made mistakes. Photo apps from Apple, Google, and Facebook got good at recognizing faces. In his Wednesday keynote, Google CEO Sundar Pichai offered some data on just how rapid this progress has been:

This data illustrates how good Googles smart speaker, Google Home, is at understanding user speech in a noisy room. In less than a year, the error rate has fallen by almost half.

Touting this rapid progress in voice recognition, Pichai told an audience of hundreds of developers that the pace even since last year has been pretty amazing to see.

And there are more impressive breakthroughs coming up. For example, Pichai said, suppose you took this photo of your daughter playing baseball:

Pichai says that youll soon be able to use Google technology to remove the chain-link fence, producing a photo that looks like this:

The two-hour keynote featured demonstrations from across Googles product portfolio, from Android to YouTube. And seemingly every product had significant AI-based improvement.

Googles photo app will soon be able to recognize your best photos, figure out who is in them, and then offer to send copies to the people in the photos with one click.

Google Home is getting smart enough to distinguish between different users in a household. If you say, Call Mom, Googles software will be smart enough to know just based on your voice to call your own mother and not your spouses mother.

The machine learning algorithms that underpin the AI revolution place extreme demands on conventional computing hardware. At last years Google I/O, the search giant announced that it had designed a custom chip called a tensor processing unit for machine learning applications. Tests show that these chips can execute machine learning code up to 30 times faster than conventional computer chips.

Over the past year, Google has installed racks and racks of these chips in its vaunted data centers to support the growing AI capabilities of various Google products. On Wednesday, Google announced that it will soon be opening up these chips for anyone to use as part of Googles cloud computing platform. Google has already released its powerful machine learning software, called TensorFlow, as an open source project so that anyone could use it.

Google isnt just being nice, of course. The larger goal is to establish Googles AI platform as the industry standard thousands of other companies rely on for their own AI software. Once you build software on top of one platform, its very expensive to switch, so becoming an industry standard could make Google billions in the coming years.

Of course, Googles rivals arent going to accept this without a fight. Amazon currently leads the cloud computing market with its Amazon Web Services, and it is offering developers a rival suite of machine learning tools. Microsoft offers machine learning tools on its own Azure cloud computing platform.

Consumers dont care which tech giants cloud computing platform powers their favorite app or website. But this platform war will have big indirect benefits for consumers. Because in their rush to win the cloud computing war, these technology giants are making more and more powerful AI capabilities available to anyone who wants to use them. Which means were about to see an explosion of experimentation with AI capabilities.

Google showed off a small example of what this might look like with Googles voice-based assistant. On the I/O stage a Google executive said, I'd like delivery from Panera, and this started a conversation with the app that worked a lot like a conversation youd have with a human Panera cashier. The executive said she wanted to order a sandwich. The virtual assistant asked if she wanted to add a drink. After she chose a drink, the assistant told her the total price and asked if she wanted to place the order.

The remarkable thing about this exchange wasnt so much the ability to carry out a simple conversation something virtual assistants like Apples Siri have been able to do for a few years. Its the promise that every retail establishment in America could build a similar capability without having to hire a bunch of computer science PhDs.

Googles promise is that creating this kind of sophisticated AI experience will soon be as simple as building a website or a smartphone app is today. Googles own engineers will do most of the hard work, creating powerful tools that allow non-software companies to build services that would have been beyond the reach of even the most sophisticated technology companies a decade ago. It might take a few years for this vision to be realized the first websites and smartphone apps were often terrible but eventually customers will expect every app to offer these kinds of capabilities.

At the same time, more sophisticated developers will be able to use the tools provided by Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and their competitors to push the envelope even further. Chen believes that machine learning techniques will lead to improvements in medical care for example, helping radiologists identify cells with cancer. In the past, you needed a huge team of AI experts to even attempt to build something like this. Today, the basic tools are within reach of high school kids. Its a safe bet that this will spawn totally new kinds of apps, just as the invention of the smartphone made Uber possible.

Disclosure: My brother works at Google.

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Artificial intelligence is getting more powerful, and it's about to be everywhere - Vox

Google has always used its annual I/O conference to connect to developers in its sprawling empire. It announces new tools and initiatives, sprinkles in a little hype, and then tells those watching: choose us, and together well go far. But while in previous years this message has been directed at coders working with Android and Chrome the worlds biggest mobile OS and web browser respectively yesterday, CEO Sundar Pichai made it clear that the next platform the company wants to dominate could be even bigger: artificial intelligence.

Googles free software gives it influence in the global AI ecosystem

For Google, this doesnt just mean using AI to improve its own products. (Although its certainly doing that). The company wants individuals and small companies around the world to also get on board. It wants to wield influence in the wider AI ecosystem, and to do so has put together an impressive stack of machine learning tools from software to servers that mean you can build an AI product from the ground up without ever leaving the Google playpen.

The heart of this offering is Googles machine learning software TensorFlow. For building AI tools, its like the difference between a command line interface and a modern desktop OS; giving users an accessible framework for grappling with their algorithms. It started life as an in-house tool for the companys engineers to design and train AI algorithms, but in 2015 was made available for anyone to use as open-source software. Since then, its been embraced by the AI community (its the most popular software of its type on code repository Github), and is used to create custom tools for a whole range of industries, from aerospace to bioengineering.

Theres hardly a way around TensorFlow these days, says Samim Winiger, head of machine learning design studio Samim.io. I use a lot of open source learning libraries, but theres been a major shift to TensorFlow.

Google has made strategic moves to ensure the software is widely used. Earlier this year, for example, it added support for Keras, another popular deep learning framework. According to calculations by the creator of Keras, Franois Chollet (himself now a Google engineer), TensorFlow was the fastest growing deep learning framework as of September 2016, with Keras in second place. Winiger describes the integration of the two as a classic tale of Google and how they do it. He says: Its another way that making sure that the entire community converges on their tooling.

But TensorFlow is also popular for one particularly important reason: its good at what it does. With TensorFlow you get something that scales quickly, works quickly, James Donkin, a technology manager at UK-based online supermarket Ocado, tells The Verge. He says his team uses a range of machine learning frameworks to create in-house tools for tasks like categorizing customer feedback, but that TensorFlow is often a good place to start. You get 80 percent of the benefit, and then you might decide to specialize more with other platforms.

Google offers TensorFlow for free, but it connects easily with the companys servers for providing data storage or computing power. (If you use the TensorFlow library it means you can push [products] to Googles cloud more easily, says Donkin.) The search giant has even created its own AI-specific chips to power these operations, unveiling the latest iteration of this hardware at this years I/O. And, if you want to skip the task of building your own AI algorithms all together, you can buy off-the-shelf components from Google for core tasks like speech transcription and object recognition.

Google is making its name synonymous with machine learning

These products and services arent necessarily money-makers in themselves, but they other, subtler benefits. They attract talent to Google and help make the companys in-house software the standard for machine learning. Winiger says these initiatives have helped Google grab mindshare and make the companys name synonymous with machine learning.

Other firms like Amazon, Facebook, and Microsoft also offer their own AI tools, but its Googles that feel pre-eminent. Winiger thinks this is partly down to the companys capacity to shape the media narrative, but also because of the strong level of support it provides to its users. There are technical differences between [different AI frameworks], but machine learning communities live off community support and forums, and in that regard Google is winning, he tells The Verge.

This influence isnt just abstract, either: it feeds back into Googles own products. Yesterday, for example, Google announced that Android now has a staggering two billion monthly active users, and to keep the softwares edge, the company is honing it with machine learning. New additions to the OS span the range from tiny tweaks (like smarter text selection) to big new features (like a camera that recognizes what its looking at).

But Google didnt forget to feed the community either, and to complement these announcements unveiled new tools to help developers build AI services that work better on mobile devices. These include a new version of TensorFlow named TensorFlowLite, and an API that will interface with future smartphone chips that have been optimized to work with AI software. Developers can then use these to make better machine learning products for Android devices. Googles AI empire stretches out a bit further, and Google reaps the benefits.

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Google's latest platform play is artificial intelligence, and it's already winning - The Verge

LOS ANGELES Modern movie culture would have you believe artificial intelligence is out to kill us all.

In 2001: A Space Odyssey, Hal, the AI computer aboard a space flight to Jupiter, develops a mind of its own and turns against the crew. The Terminator makes his mission clear in the movies title. Ava, the pretty-faced android in Ex Machina, has a killer instinct. David, the pretty-faced android in Prometheus, also doesnt have the best intentions for human survival.

Prometheus director Ridley Scott, who further explores the cunning side of artificial intelligence in his new Alien: Covenant, says, If youre going to use something thats smarter than you are, thats when it starts to get dangerous.

Its been a running theme through Scotts three films set in the Alien universe, dating back to the 1979 original in which Sigourney Weaver battles not only an alien killing machine but also Ash, an android who views his human crewmates as expendable. Prometheus in 2012 introduced David, an earlier android version with a similar lack of scruples about protecting humanity.

Filmmakers have long projected that artificial intelligence could spell the end of humanity, and some top scientists and tech leaders including Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk share their concern.

Musk, an early investor in the development of AI, told Vanity Fair earlier this year that he worries the technology could ultimately produce something evil by accident, such as a fleet of artificial intelligence-enhanced robots capable of destroying mankind.

But astrophysicist, author and film fan Neil deGrasse Tyson said he believes theres nothing to worry about. Killer androids may make for fun film fodder, but he doesnt think theyre an imminent, or eventual, reality.

Im completely fearless of AI, Tyson said last week.

Tyson noted that human beings have been inventing machines to replace human labor since the days of the Industrial Revolution, and computers have succeeded in outsmarting people since before Watson beat Ken Jennings at Jeopardy!

In movies, artificially intelligent beings might look human, but most real-life robots dont, he said. The robots welding parts on automobile assembly lines look like machines, not mechanics.

The first thing we think of when we have a machine that has capacity is not to put it into something that looks human, Tyson said. Because the human form is not very good at anything, so why have it look human?

An exception would be sex robots, he said, adding rhetorically, Is this robot going to take over the world?

For Scott, the possibility of evil artificial intelligence comes back to the question of the creator: Who is doing the creating, and for what purpose?

Whoever the inventor is, hes going to want to go the whole nine yards, the filmmaker said. Hence you get the expression of the mad professor who makes a mistake in going too far where the alien is way smarter than he is or the monsters are way smarter than he is and thats where you get problems.

But we will definitely go there.... Because what its leading to is the question of creation. And creation, I dont care who you are, is on everyones mind.

Tyson is also fascinated with creation. His latest book, Astrophysics for People in a Hurry, is about the birth of the universe and carbon-based life.

Androids, though, are just completely pointless, he said. And they couldnt become self-aware without consciousness, something scientists have yet to fully grasp.

Youre saying were going to end up programming this into a machine and then its going to decide we shouldnt exist, when we dont even understand our own consciousness? I just dont see it, he said.

Besides, if somehow artificially intelligent androids do go rogue, Tyson has a solution.

This is America, he said. I can shoot the robot.

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Killer artificial intelligence returns in 'Alien: Covenant' - Observer-Reporter

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The biggest buzzword in Silicon Valley these days? AI, or artificial intelligence.

The nascent technology is taking off in a big way. Big corporations including Amazon (AMZN) and Facebook (FB) are using AI to significantly improve the user experience, while countless early-stage startups are working on AI-based services to transform areas like agriculture and healthcare.

Thats a big boon for Nvidia (NVDA), Yahoo Finances Company of the Year in 2016. The Santa Clara, Calif.-based business, which has seen its stock price triple over the last 12 months, makes the data-crunching parts necessary to process complex AI algorithms.

People have a lot of views of what AI is and how it shows up in your daily life, Nvidia Vice President of Marketing Greg Estes told Yahoo Finance at the companys annual GPU Technology Conference last week. But its really sort of the modern way to create new applications and to do new things. Its about allowing the computer to learn on its own without having to program every single line of code for all possibilities. The computer learns for itself.

Indeed, its because of AI that newer developments like self-driving cars are possible. Toyota (TM), for instance, joined the ranks of Mercedes-Benz and Audi last week when it announced it would use Nvidia components in its autonomous driving systems for cars by 2020.

Another AI-powered project, Horus, is tackling an entirely different space with a wearable device for the blind and visually impaired due out later this year. Horus employs AI to analyze data captured by cameras and other sensors to give blind and visually impaired people audio instructions on-the-fly for navigating their surroundings more easily.

Were almost taking it [AI] for granted now, Estes said. Youre not necessarily thinking youre engaging with artificial intelligence if youre engaging with Siri or youre talking to Alexa. Just how things have moved from five years ago, where you first started to see the research come out on AI to now, where its showing up in your kitchen.

All those innovations, however, could come at a steep price. In January 2016, the World Economic Forum released a report predicting AI, machine learning, and other nascent technologies will spur a so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution that replaces 5.1 million jobs by 2020. According to the report, jobs across every industry and every geographical region in 15 of the worlds largest economies Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, the UK and the US, among others will be affected.

I dont think youre going to see taking somebody who has a job where youre pulling them off a tractor and turning them into a data scientist overnight, he explained. But just like the industrial revolution or any revolution like that, youre going to see a transfer of jobs in one area to a transfer of jobs in another.

Making the transition a successful one, however, means businesses and institutions must play an active role in helping displaced workers find new careers, Estes added.

JP Mangalindan is a senior correspondent for Yahoo Finance covering the intersection of tech and business. Follow him on Twitter or Facebook.

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Nvidia exec explains how artificial intelligence will change your life - Yahoo Finance

An expert panel ponders how AI will change our lives.

A Starship Technologies commercial delivery robot navigates a pavement during a live demonstration in front of the headquarters of Metro AG in Duesseldorf, Germany, June 7, 2016..

When we think of the city of the future, we might think about flying cars and scenes from Star Trek or The Jetsons. But coming new technologies are shaping deeper and more fundamental changes in our cities.

These changes are already well underway. CityLab readers already know how ride-hailing companies are transforming the nature of mobility and car ownership. Cities have overtaken suburbs to become a major center for high tech firms and the talent that drives them. Initiatives like Googles Sidewalk Labs are attempting to deepen the connection between technology and urbanism and transform the city itself into a platform for new technology and innovation.

A report by a panel of leading experts on technology, business, and cities takes a deep dive into the changes that will come about as a result of one key new technologyartificial intelligence.

The panel was chaired by Peter Stone of University of Texas at Austin along with researchers from Rethink Robotics, Allen Institute for AI, Microsoft, and academics from Harvard, MIT, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, UC Berkeley, and other universities from around the world. Their study, Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030, outlines the dramatic impact artificial intelligence (AI) is having and will continue to have for our cities and the way we live and work in them over the next couple of decades. It outlines the implications of several key dimensions of AI, including:

The report outlines what these technologies mean for cities and raises deep policy (and downright philosophical) questions about their impact across several areas of urban life. Here are a few thoughts reflecting on what this new technological might promise for cities.

Everyone and their mother is talking about autonomous vehicles, or AVs, which are already being tested on the streets of several cities, including Pittsburgh. The potential relief from traffic congestion and the tragedy of human error on the road make this a top priority for the dream of personal transportation. But technical, economic, and ethical questions about our autonomous future aboundfrom the possible (major) glitch of pedestrian deaths to the potential job losses from automation to the possible fatal erosion of public transportation. We need to be ready for the next time the car transforms the city.

Artificial intelligence could also help systems be more dynamic. Real-time information, machine learning, and algorithms could turn public transportation into a much more vibrant public good, eliminating much of the current frustrations and frictions they generate now. AI could allow us to better allocate resources to make transportation more reliable and more equitable.

Cities have already begun to deploy a wide variety of AI technologies for security purposes. Expect those trends to continue through to 2030. Analytics have successfully helped combat white collar crime, such as credit-card fraud, and could also prove useful in preventing cyber-crimes in the future. These technologies might not only help police departments solve crimes with less effort but also could assist crime prevention and prosecution by improving record keeping and automatically processing video for anomalies (including evidence of abusive policing).

But as weve seen with this kind of technology deployed for surveillance and predictive policing at the street level, the central question for cities is building trust and eliminating discriminatory targeting. The study argues that with proper research and resources, AI prediction tools could help remove or reduce human bias rather than reinforcing the current systemic problems. But these same powerful tools have a way of replicating the bias of the humans who create the technology in the first place. And techniques like network analysis, which can be used to disrupt criminal or terrorist plots, also have the potential for overreaching, threatening civil liberties, and violating the privacy of city residents.

Artificial intelligence also portends major changes to health care, education, home care, and related services. AI may enable more efficient economic development of so called low-resource communities that have higher rates of poverty, joblessness, and therefore have limited funds for public programs and infrastructure. With data mining leading incentives and priorities, theres promise to the idea that AI might unburden systems with limited resources and allocate resources better. Algorithms could connect restaurants to food banks to turn excess in to resources or connect the unemployed to jobs, for example. Harnessing social networks could also help distribute health-related information and address homelessness.

Predictive models could not only help government agencies put limited budgets to better use, they could produce more complex thinking to anticipate future problems rather than reacting to a crisis such as the lead poisoning in Flint. After a crisis hits, AI might assist in allocating resources, say by identifying children at risk of exposure or finding women who are pregnant that might need prenatal care to mitigate adverse birth outcomes.

A key caveat would be to make sure these tools act as a guard against discriminatory behavioridentifying people for services without baking racial indicators or proxy factors into the machine learning of these systems.

AI brings a contradictory future to our cities. On the hand, tech-optimists see technology like autonomous vehicles, mobile healthcare, and robot teachers freeing us from mundane chores like commuting and waiting in doctors offices and making our cities better, more inclusive and sustainable places. On the other hand, techno-pessimists see a dystopian future where AI and robots take away jobs and we live in a state of perpetual surveillance.

The report takes a more measured approach. AI will likely replace tasks rather than jobs in the near term, and will also create new kinds of jobs, the authors state. But the new jobs that will emerge are harder to imagine in advance than the existing jobs that will likely be lost.

The study highlights a need for a new set of strategies and policies to guide the use of AI in the city, spanning legality and liability, certifications, agency control, innovation and privacy, labor and taxation. It also calls for more research, training and funding for cities and local governments to better understand and be ready for this coming revolution.

AI presents a complex set of considerations for cities. As with any big new technology, the possibilities are excitingbut mayors, policy makers, and urbanists must be vigilant to ensure that we set in place the regulations and institutions required to make the most of these new technologies while minimizing their downsides.

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Experts Ponder Artificial Intelligence and Cities - CityLab

Forbes

See How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Medical Diagnosis And Healthcare Forbes A digital health company from the UK wants to change the way a patient interacts with a doctor through the creation of an artificial intellignce (AI) doctor in the form of a AI chatbot. Babylon Health raised close to $60 million in April 2017 to ...

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See How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Medical Diagnosis And Healthcare - Forbes

Sandy Cohen, Ap Entertainment Writer

Killer artificial intelligence returns in 'Alien: Covenant'

LOS ANGELES (AP) Modern movie culture would have you believe artificial intelligence is out to kill us all.

In "2001: A Space Odyssey," Hal, the AI computer aboard a space flight to Jupiter, develops a mind of its own and turns against the crew. "The Terminator" makes his mission clear in the movie's title. Ava, the pretty-faced android in "Ex Machina," has a killer instinct. David, the pretty-faced android in "Prometheus," also doesn't have the best intentions for human survival.

"Prometheus" director Ridley Scott, who further explores the cunning side of artificial intelligence in his new "Alien: Covenant," says, "If you're going to use something that's smarter than you are, that's when it starts to get dangerous."

It's been a running theme through Scott's three films set in the "Alien" universe, dating back to the 1979 original in which Sigourney Weaver battles not only an alien killing machine but also Ash, an android who views his human crewmates as expendable. "Prometheus" in 2012 introduced David, an earlier android version with a similar lack of scruples about protecting humanity.

Filmmakers have long projected that artificial intelligence could spell the end of humanity, and some top scientists and tech leaders including Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk share their concern.

Musk, an early investor in the development of AI, told Vanity Fair earlier this year that he worries the technology could ultimately "produce something evil by accident," such as "a fleet of artificial intelligence-enhanced robots capable of destroying mankind."

But astrophysicist, author and film fan Neil deGrasse Tyson said he believes there's nothing to worry about. Killer androids may make for fun film fodder, but he doesn't think they're an imminent, or eventual, reality.

"I'm completely fearless of AI," Tyson said last week.

Tyson noted that human beings have been inventing machines to replace human labor since the days of the Industrial Revolution, and computers have succeeded in outsmarting people since before Watson beat Ken Jennings at "Jeopardy!"

In movies, artificially intelligent beings might look human, but most real-life robots don't, he said. The robots welding parts on automobile assembly lines look like machines, not mechanics.

"The first thing we think of when we have a machine that has capacity is not to put it into something that looks human," Tyson said. "Because the human form is not very good at anything, so why have it look human?"

An exception would be "sex robots," he said, adding rhetorically, "Is this robot going to take over the world?"

For Scott, the possibility of evil artificial intelligence comes back to the question of the creator: Who is doing the creating, and for what purpose?

"Whoever the inventor is, he's going to want to go the whole nine yards," the filmmaker said. "Hence you get the expression of the mad professor who makes a mistake in going too far where the alien is way smarter than he is or the monsters are way smarter than he is and that's where you get problems.

"But we will definitely go there.... Because what it's leading to is the question of creation. And creation, I don't care who you are, is on everyone's mind."

Tyson is also fascinated with creation. His latest book, "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry," is about the birth of the universe and carbon-based life.

Androids, though, "are just completely pointless," he said. And they couldn't become self-aware without consciousness, something scientists have yet to fully grasp.

"You're saying we're going to end up programming this into a machine and then it's going to decide we shouldn't exist, when we don't even understand our own consciousness? I just don't see it," he said.

Besides, if somehow artificially intelligent androids do go rogue, Tyson has a solution.

"This is America," he said. "I can shoot the robot."

___

AP Film Writer Lindsey Bahr contributed to this report.

___

Follow AP Entertainment Writer Sandy Cohen at http://www.twitter.com/APSandy.

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Killer artificial intelligence returns in 'Alien: Covenant' - SFGate

Forbes

Artificial Intelligence Confounds Its Creators Forbes For most people, artificial intelligence is Siri, the lovable but modest digital assistant on iPhones. She can't really do much beyond answering simple questions. She's harmless. Advanced artificial intelligence is far from that. Algorithms are ... and more »

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Artificial Intelligence Confounds Its Creators - Forbes

Forbes

The Lack of Intelligence About Artificial Intelligence Forbes Everyone's talking about artificial intelligence (AI). Most of the talk is wrong, misleading and often intended to frighten us about a future that's unlikely to occur. AI will not steal our babies, hold us hostage for Bitcoins or start nuclear wars ...

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The Lack of Intelligence About Artificial Intelligence - Forbes