Category Archives: Ai

Artificial intelligence (AI) is informing just about every facet of society, from detecting fraud and surveillanceto helping countries battle the current COVID-19 pandemic. But AI is a thorny subject, fraught with complex terminology, contradictory information, and general confusion about what it is at its most fundamental level. This is why the Oxford Internet Institute (OII), the University of Oxfords research and teaching department specializing in the social science of the internet, has partnered with Google to launch a portal with a series of explainers outlining what AI actually is including the fundamentals, ethics, its impact on society, and how its created.

The Oxford Internet Institute is a multidisciplinary research and teaching department of the University of Oxford, dedicated to the social science of the Internet.

At launch, the A-Z of AI covers 26 topics, including bias and how AI is used in climate science, ethics, machine learning, human-in-the-loop, and Generative adversarial networks (GANs).

Googles People and AI Research team (PAIR) worked with Gina Neff, a senior research fellow and associate professor at OII, and her team to select the subjects they felt were pivotal to understanding AI and its role today.

The 26 topics chosen are by no means an exhaustive list, but they are a great place for first-timers to start, the guides FAQ section explains. The team carefully balanced their selections across a spectrum of technical understanding, production techniques, use cases, societal implications, and ethical considerations.

For example, bias in data sets is a well-documented issue in the development of AI algorithms, and the guide briefly explains how the problem is created and how it can be addressed.

Typically, AI forms a bias when the data its given to learn from isnt fully comprehensive and, therefore, starts leading it toward certain outcomes, the guide reads. Because data is an AI systems only means of learning, it could end up reproducing any imbalances or biases found within the original information. For example, if you were teaching AI to recognize shoes and only showed it imagery of sneakers, it wouldnt learn to recognize high heels, sandals, or boots as shoes.

You can peruse the guide in its full A-Z form or filter content by one of four categories: AI fundamentals, Making AI, Society and AI, and Using AI.

Those with a decent background in AI will find this guide simplistic, but its a good starting point for anyone looking to grasp the key points they will be hearing about as AI continues to shape society in the years to come.

Its also worth noting that this isnt a static resource the plan is to update it as AI evolves.

The A-Z will be refreshed periodically as new technologies come into play and existing technologies evolve, the guide explains.

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Google and the Oxford Internet Institute explain artificial intelligence basics with the A-Z of AI - VentureBeat

behold.ai and Wellbeing Software collaborate onnational solution for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis using AI analysis of chest X-rays

Companies working to fast-track programme for UK-wide rollout

LONDON, UK, March 31, 2020 Two British companies at the leading edge of medical imaging technology are working together on a plan to fast-track the diagnosis of COVID-19 in NHS hospitals using artificial intelligence analysis of chest X-rays.

behold.ai has developed the artificial intelligence-based red dot algorithm which can identify within 30 seconds abnormalities in chest X-rays. Wellbeing Software operates Cris, the UKs most widely used Radiology Information System (RIS), which is installed in over 700 locations.

A national roll-out combining these two technologies would enable a large number of hospitals to quickly process the significant volume of X-rays, currently being used as the key diagnostic test for triage of COVID-19 patients, thereby speeding up diagnosis and easing pressure on the NHS at this critical time. This solution will also find significant utility in dealing with the backlog of cases that continue to mount, such as suspected cancer patients.

Simon Rasalingham, Chairman and CEO of behold.ai, said:

behold.ai and Wellbeing are a great fit in terms of expertise and technology. We are able to prioritise abnormal chest X-rays with greater than 90% accuracy and a 30-second turnaround. If that were translated into a busy hospitals coping with COVID-19, the benefits to healthcare systems are potentially enormous.

Chris Yeowart, Director at Wellbeing Software, said:

Our technology provides the integration between the algorithm and the hospitals radiology systems and working processes, addressing the technical challenges to clearing the way for accelerated national rollout. It is clear from talking to radiology departments that chest X-rays have become one of the primary diagnostic tools for COVID-19 in this country.

https://www.behold.ai

https://www.wellbeingsoftware.com/

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For further information, please contact:Consilium Strategic Communications Tel: +44(0)20 3709 5700 beholdai@consilium-comms.com

About behold.ai and radiology

behold.ai provides artificial intelligence, through its red dot cognitive computing platform, to radiology departments. This technology augments the expertise of radiologists to enable them to report with greater clinical accuracy, faster and more safely than they could before. This revolutionary combination helps to deliver greater performance in radiology reporting at a fraction of the price of outsourced reporting.

Radiology departments play an essential role in the diagnostic process; however, a consequence of fewer radiologists and a growing demand for images has left services stretched beyond capacity across many trusts, resulting in reporting delays - in some cases impacting cancer diagnosis. These service issues have been highlighted by the Care Quality Commission and the Royal College of Radiologists.

Our solution seamlessly integrates into local trust workflows augmenting clinical practice and delivering state-of-the-art, safe, Artificial Intelligence.

The behold.ai algorithm has been developed using more than 30,000 example images, all of which have been reviewed and reported by highly experienced consultant radiology clinicians in order to shape accurate decision making. The red dot prioritisation platform is capable of sorting images into normal and abnormal categories in less than 30 seconds post image acquisition.

About behold.ai and quality

Apart from its FDA clearance,behold.aiis also CE approved and is gaining further approval for a CE mark Class IIa certification.

In June 2019 the Company was awarded ISO 13485 QMS certification for an AI medical device the gold standard of quality certification.

About Wellbeing Software

Wellbeing Software is a leading healthcare technology provider with a presence in more than 75% of NHS organisations. The company has combined its extensive UK resources and unparalleled experience in its specialist divisions radiology, maternity, data management and electronic health records - to form Wellbeing Software, uniting their core businesses to enable customers to build on existing investments in IT as a way of delivering connected healthcare records and better patient care. Wellbeings ability to connect its specialist systems with other third-party software enables healthcare organisations to achieve key objectives, such as paperless working and the creation of complete electronic health records. Through their established footprint, specialist knowledge and significant development resources, the company is building the foundations for connectivity within NHS organisations and beyond.

Wellbeing media contact : Jenni Livesley, Context Public Relations, wellbeing@contextpr.co.uk

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behold.ai and Wellbeing Software collaborate on national solution for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis using AI analysis of chest X-rays - GlobeNewswire

Advanced computers have defeated chess masters and learned how to pick through mountains of data to recognize faces and voices. Now, a billionaire developer of software and artificial intelligence is teaming up with top universities and companies to see if A.I. can help curb the current and future pandemics.

Thomas M. Siebel, founder and chief executive of C3.ai, an artificial intelligence company in Redwood City, Calif., said the public-private consortium would spend $367 million in its initial five years, aiming its first awards at finding ways to slow the new coronavirus that is sweeping the globe.

I cannot imagine a more important use of A.I., Mr. Siebel said in an interview.

Known as the C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute, the new research consortium includes commitments from Princeton, Carnegie Mellon, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of California, the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago, as well as C3.ai and Microsoft. It seeks to put top scientists onto gargantuan social problems with the help of A.I. its first challenge being the pandemic.

The new institute will seek new ways of slowing the pathogens spread, speeding the development of medical treatments, designing and repurposing drugs, planning clinical trials, predicting the diseases evolution, judging the value of interventions, improving public health strategies and finding better ways in the future to fight infectious outbreaks.

Condoleezza Rice, a former U.S. secretary of state who serves on the C3.ai board and was recently named the next director of the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank on the Stanford campus, called the initiative a unique opportunity to better manage these phenomena and avert the worst outcomes for humanity.

The new institute plans to award up to 26 grants annually, each featuring up to $500,000 in research funds in addition to computing resources. It requires the principal investigators to be located at the consortiums universities but allows partners and team members at other institutions. It wants coronavirus proposals to be submitted by May and plans to award its first grants in June. The research findings are to be made public.

The institutes co-directors are S. Shankar Sastry of the University of California, Berkeley, and Rayadurgam Srikant of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The computing power is to come from C3.ai and Microsoft, as well as the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois. The schools run some of the worlds most advanced supercomputers.

Successful A.I. can be extremely hard to deliver, especially in thorny real-world problems such as self-driving cars. When asked if the institute was less a plan for practical results than a feel-good exercise, Mr. Siebel replied, The probability of something good not coming out of this is zero.

In recent decades, many rich Americans have sought to reinvent themselves as patrons of social progress through science research, in some cases outdoing what the federal government can achieve because its goals are often unadventurous and its budgets unpredictable.

Forbes puts Mr. Siebels current net worth at $3.6 billion. His First Virtual Group is a diversified holding company that includes philanthropic ventures.

Born in 1952, Mr. Siebel studied history and computer science at the University of Illinois and was an executive at Oracle before founding Siebel Systems in 1993. It pioneered customer service software and merged with Oracle in 2006. He founded what came to be named C3.ai in 2009.

The first part of the companys name, Mr. Siebel said in an email, stands for the convergence of three digital trends: big data, cloud computing and the internet of things, with A.I. amplifying their power. Last year, he laid out his thesis in a book Digital Transformation: Survive and Thrive in an Era of Mass Extinction. C3.ai works with clients on projects like ferreting out digital fraud and building smart cities.

In an interview, Eric Horvitz, the chief scientist of Microsoft and a medical doctor who serves on the spinoff institutes board, likened the push for coronavirus solutions to a compressed moon shot.

The power of the approach, he said, comes from bringing together key players and institutions. We forget who is where and ask what we can do as a team, Dr. Horvitz said.

Seeing artificial intelligence as a good thing perhaps a lifesaver is a sharp reversal from how it often gets held in dread. Critics have assailed A.I. as dangerously powerful, even threatening the enslavement of humanity to robots with superhuman powers.

In no way am I suggesting that A.I. is all sweetness and light, Mr. Siebel said. But the new institute, he added, is a place where it can be a force for good.

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A.I. Versus the Coronavirus - The New York Times

TOKYO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--NEC Corporation today announced the conclusion of a strategic partnership agreement with Kagome Co., Ltd. to launch agricultural management support services utilizing AI for leading tomato processing companies.

The new service uses NECs AI-enabled agricultural ICT platform, CropScope, to visualize tomato growth and soil conditions based on sensor data and satellite images, and to provide farming management recommendation services. This AI enables the service to provide data on the best timing and amounts of irrigation and fertilizer for healthy crops. As a result, farms are able to achieve stable yields and lower costs, while practicing environmentally sustainable agriculture without depending on the skill of individual growers.

Tomato processing companies can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the most effective growing conditions for tomato production on their own farms, as well as their contract growers. Also, they can optimally manage crop harvest orders across all fields based on objective data, which helps to reduce yield loss and improve productivity.

NEC and Kagome began agricultural collaboration in 2015, and by 2019 they had conducted demonstrations in regions that include Portugal, Australia and the USA. An AI farming experiment in Portugal in 2019 showed that the amount of fertilizer used for the trial was approximately 20% less than the average amount used in general, yielding 127 tons of tomatoes per hectare, approximately 1.3 times that of the average Portuguese grower, and almost the same as that of skilled growers.

Kagome will establish a Smart Agri Division in April 2020, first targeting customers in Europe, then aiming to expand the business to worldwide markets.

Kagome has been developing agricultural management support technologies using big data in collaboration with NEC since 2015, with the aim of realizing environmentally friendly and highly profitable agricultural management in the cultivation of tomatoes for processing on a global basis, said Kengo Nakata, General Manager, Smart Agri Division, Kagome. By combining Kagomes farming know-how with NEC's AI technology, we will realize sustainable agriculture, he added.

NEC is pleased to have signed a strategic partnership agreement with Kagome, said Masamitsu Kitase, General Manager, Corporate Business Development Division, NEC. NEC aims to realize a sustainable agriculture that can respond flexibly to global social issues on climate change and food safety, he added.

About NEC Corporation: For more information, visit NEC at http://www.nec.com.

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NEC and Kagome to Provide AI-enabled Services That Improve Tomato Yields - Business Wire

HEFEI, China--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Asias leading artificial intelligence (AI) and speech technology company, iFLYTEK has partnered with the South Korean technology company, Hancom Group, to launch the joint venture Accufly.AI in South Korea. Accufly.AI launched its AI Outbound Calling System to assist the South Korean government at no cost and provide information to individuals who have been in close contact with or have had a confirmed coronavirus case.

The AI Outbound Calling System is a smart, integrated system that is based on iFLYTEK solutions and Hancom Groups Korean-based speech recognition. The technology saves manpower and assists in the automatic distribution of important information to potential carriers of the virus and provides a mechanism for follow up with recovered patients. iFLYTEK is looking to make this technology available in markets around the world, including North American and Europe.

The battle against the Covid-19 epidemic requires collective wisdom and sharing of best practices from the international community, said iFLYTEK Chief Financial Officer Mr. Dawei Duan. Given the challenges we all face, iFLYTEK is continuously looking at ways to provide technologies and support to partners around the world, including in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia.

In February, the Hancom Group donated 20,000 protective masks and 5 thermal devices to check temperatures to Anhui to help fight the epidemic.

iFLYTEKs AI technology helped stem the spread of the virus in China and will help the South Korean government conduct follow-up, identify patients with symptoms, manage self-isolated residents, and reduce the risk of cross-infection. The system also will help the government distribute important health updates, increase public awareness, and bring communities together.

iFLYTEK is working to create a better world through artificial intelligence and seeks to do so on a global scale. iFLYTEK will maximize its technical advantages in smart services to support the international community in defeating the coronavirus, said Mr. Duan.

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iFLYTEK and Hancom Group Launch Accufly.AI to Help Combat the Coronavirus Pandemic - Business Wire

New York, March 31, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global AI in Telecommunication Market - Premium Insight, Competitive News Feed Analysis, Company Usability Profiles, Market Sizing & Forecasts to 2025" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05871938/?utm_source=GNW

The report deeply explores the recent significant developments by the leading vendors and innovation profiles in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market including are AT&T Inc., Google LLC, IBM Corporation, Intel, Microsoft Corporation, Cisco Systems, H2O.ai, Infosys Limited, Nuance Communications, Nvidia Corporation, Salesforce.com, Inc., and Sentient Technologies.

On the basis of Technology, the Global AI in Telecommunication Market is studied across Machine Learning & Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing.

On the basis of Component, the Global AI in Telecommunication Market is studied across Service and Solution.

On the basis of Application, the Global AI in Telecommunication Market is studied across Customer Analytics, Network Optimization, Network Security, Self-Diagnostics, and Virtual Assistance.

On the basis of Deployment, the Global AI in Telecommunication Market is studied across On-Cloud and On-Premise.

For the detailed coverage of the study, the market has been geographically divided into the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East & Africa. The report provides details of qualitative and quantitative insights about the major countries in the region and taps the major regional developments in detail.

In the report, we have covered two proprietary models, the FPNV Positioning Matrix and Competitive Strategic Window. The FPNV Positioning Matrix analyses the competitive market place for the players in terms of product satisfaction and business strategy they adopt to sustain in the market. The Competitive Strategic Window analyses the competitive landscape in terms of markets, applications, and geographies. The Competitive Strategic Window helps the vendor define an alignment or fit between their capabilities and opportunities for future growth prospects. During a forecast period, it defines the optimal or favorable fit for the vendors to adopt successive merger and acquisitions strategies, geography expansion, research & development, new product introduction strategies to execute further business expansion and growth.

Research Methodology:Our market forecasting is based on a market model derived from market connectivity, dynamics, and identified influential factors around which assumptions about the market are made. These assumptions are enlightened by fact-bases, put by primary and secondary research instruments, regressive analysis and an extensive connect with industry people. Market forecasting derived from in-depth understanding attained from future market spending patterns provides quantified insight to support your decision-making process. The interview is recorded, and the information gathered in put on the drawing board with the information collected through secondary research.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:1. Market Penetration: Provides comprehensive information on sulfuric acid offered by the key players in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market 2. Product Development & Innovation: Provides intelligent insights on future technologies, R&D activities, and new product developments in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market 3. Market Development: Provides in-depth information about lucrative emerging markets and analyzes the markets for the Global AI in Telecommunication Market 4. Market Diversification: Provides detailed information about new products launches, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market 5. Competitive Assessment & Intelligence: Provides an exhaustive assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of the leading players in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market

The report answers questions such as:1. What is the market size of AI in Telecommunication market in the Global?2. What are the factors that affect the growth in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market over the forecast period?3. What is the competitive position in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market?4. Which are the best product areas to be invested in over the forecast period in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market?5. What are the opportunities in the Global AI in Telecommunication Market?6. What are the modes of entering the Global AI in Telecommunication Market?Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05871938/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The Global AI in Telecommunication Market is expected to grow from USD 347.28 Million in 2018 to USD 2,145.39 Million by the end of 2025 at a Compound...

In the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has made it to mainstream society from academic journals. The technology has achieved numerous milestones when it comes to digital transformation across society including businesses, education, and healthcare as well. Today people can do the tasks which were not even possible ten years back.

The proportion of organizations using AI in some form rose from 10 percent in 2016 to 37 percent in 2019 and that figure is extremely likely to rise further in the coming year, according to Gartners 2019 CIO Agenda survey.

While the breakthroughs in surpassing human ability at human pursuits, such as chess, make headlines, AI has been a standard part of the industrial repertoire since at least the 1980s. Then production-rule or expert systems became a standard technology for checking circuit boards and detecting credit card fraud. Similarly, machine-learning (ML) strategies like genetic algorithms have long been used for intractable computational problems, such as scheduling, and neural networks not only to model and understand human learning but also for basic industrial control and monitoring.

Moreover, AI is also the core of some of the most successful companies in history in terms of market capitalizationApple, Alphabet, Microsoft, and Amazon. Along with information and communication technology (ICT) more generally, the technology has revolutionized the ease with which people from all over the world can access knowledge, credit, and other benefits of a contemporary global society. Such access has helped lead to a massive reduction of global inequality and extreme poverty, for example by allowing farmers to know fair prices, the best crops, and giving them access to accurate weather predictions.

Following the trends, we can say that there will be big winners and losers as collaborative technologies, robots and artificial intelligence transform the nature of work. Moreover, data expertise will become exponentially more important. Across various organizations, the role of a senior manager in a deeply data-driven world is about to shift, thanks to the AI revolution. It is estimated that information hoarders will slow the pace of their organizations and forsake the power of artificial intelligence while competitors exploit it.

In the future, judgments about consumers and potential consumers will be made instantaneously and many organizations will put cybersecurity on par with other intelligence and defense priorities. Besides, open-source information and artificial intelligence collection will provide opportunities for global technological parity and soon predictive analytics and artificial intelligence could play an even more fundamental role in content creation.

With the growth of AI-enabled technologies in the future, societies will face challenges in realizing technologies that benefit humanity instead of destroying and intruding on the human rights of privacy and freedom of access to information. Also, the surging capabilities of robots and artificial intelligence will see a range of current jobs supplanted, where professional roles such as doctors, lawyers, and accountants could be replaced by artificial intelligence by the year 2025.

Moreover, low-skill workers will reallocate to tasks that are non-susceptible to computerization. All the risks will arise out of human activity from certain technological development in this technology, synthetic biology, nano techno, and artificial intelligence.

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Smriti is a Content Analyst at Analytics Insight. She writes Tech/Business articles for Analytics Insight. Her creative work can be confirmed @analyticsinsight.net. She adores crushing over books, crafts, creative works and people, movies and music from eternity!!

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Futuristic Impacts of AI Over Businesses and Society - Analytics Insight

6 Visions of How Artificial Intelligence will Change Architecture

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In his book "Life 3.0", MIT professor Max Tegmark says "we are all the guardians of the future of life now as we shape the age of AI." Artificial Intelligence remains a Pandora's Box of possibilities, with the potential to enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of cities, or destroy the potential for humans to work, interact, and live a private life. The question of how Artificial Intelligence will impact the cities of the future has also captured the imagination of architects and designers, and formed a central question to the 2019 Shenzhen Biennale, the world's most visited architecture event.

As part of the "Eyes of the City" section of the Biennial, curated by Carlo Ratti, designers were asked to put forth their visions and concerns of how artificial intelligence will impact the future of architecture. Below, we have selected six visions, where designers reflect in their own words on aspects from ecology and the environment to social isolation. For further reading on AI and the Shenzhen Biennial, see our interview with Carlo Ratti and Winy Maas on the subject, and visit our dedicated landing page of content here.

The advance of AI technologies can make it feel as if we know everything about our citiesas if all city dwellers are counted and accounted for, our urban existence fully monitored, mapped, and predicted.

But what happens when we train our attention and technologies on the non-human beings with whom we share our urban environments? How can our notion of urban life, and the possibilities to design for it, expand when we use technology to visualize more than just the relationship between humans and human-made structures?

There is much we have yet to discover about our evolving urban environments. As new technologies are developed, deployed, and appropriated, it is critical to ask how they can help us see both the city and our discipline differently. Can architecture and urban design become a multi-species, collaborative practice? The first step is opening our eyes to all of our fellow city dwellers.

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For all of their history, the machines around us have stood silent, but when the city acquires the ability to see, to listen and to talk back to us, what might constitute a meaningful reciprocal interaction? Is it possible to have a productive dialogue with an autonomous shipping crane loading containers into the hull of a ship at a Chinese mega port; or, how do we ask a question of a warehouse filled with a million objects or talk to a city managing itself based on aggregated data sets from an infinite network of media feeds? Consumer-facing AIs like Amazons Alexa, Microsofts Cortana, Google Assistant or Apples Siri repeat biases and forms of interactions which are a legacy of human to human relationships. If you ask Microsofts personal digital assistant Cortana if she is a woman she replies Well, technically I'm a cloud of infinitesimal data computation. It is unclear if Cortana is a she or an it or a they. Deborah Harrison, the lead writer for Cortana, uses the pronoun she when referring to Cortana but is also explicit in stating that this does not mean she is female, or that she is human or that a gender construct could even apply in this context. We are very clear that Cortana is not only not a person, but there is no overlay of personhood that we ascribe, with the exception of the gender pronoun, Harrison explains. We felt that it was going to convey something impersonal and while we didnt want Cortana to be thought of as human, we dont want her to be impersonal or feel unfamiliar either.

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AI (artificial intelligence) can transform the environment we live in. Cities are facing the rise of UI (urban intelligence). Micro sensors and smart handheld electronics can gather large amounts of information. Mobile sensors, referred to as urban tech, allow cars, buses, bicycles, and even citizens to collect information about air quality, noise pollution, and the urban infrastructure at large. For example, noise data can be captured, archived, and made accessible. In an effort to contribute toward urban noise mitigation, citizens will be able to measure urban soundscapes, and urban planners and city councils can react to the data. How will our lives change intellectually, physically, and emotionally as the Internet of Things migrates into urban environments? How does technology intersect with society?

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Thanks to the development of the digital world, cities can be part of natural history. This is our great challenge for the next few decades, The digital revolution should allow us to promote an advanced, ecological and human world. Being digital was never the goalit was a means to reinvent the world. But what kind of world?

In many cases, digital allows us to continue doing everything we invented with the industrial revolution in a more efficient way. Thats why many of the problems that arose with industrial life have been exacerbated with the introduction of new digital technologies. Our cities are still machines that import goods and generate waste. We import hydrocarbons extracted from the subsoil of the earth to make plastics or fuels, which allow us to consume or move effectively while polluting the environment. Cities are also the recipients of the millions of containers filled with products that move around the world, and where we produce waste that creates mountains of garbage.

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We may imagine that one day, when a city was full of sensors to give it the ability of watching and hearing, data could be collected and analyzed as much as possible to make the city run more efficiently. Public space would be better managed to avoid any offense and crime, traffic flows be better monitored to avoid any traffic jam or traffic accident, public services be more evenly distributed to achieve social equity in space, land use be more reasonably zoned or rezoned to achieve a land value as high as possible, and so on. The city would function as a giant machine of high efficiency and rationality that would treat everyone and everything in the city as an element on the giant machine, under the supervision and in line with the values of the hidden eyes and ears. But, the city is not a machine, it is an organism composed of first of all numerous men who are often different one from another, and then the physical environment they create and shape in a collective way. Before the appearance of the city full of sensors, man needs to first work out a complete set of regulations on the utilization of sensors and the data they collect to deal with the issues of privacy and diversity.

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In his bookThe Second Digital Turn, Mario Carpo provides an incisive definition of the difference between artificial intelligence and "human" intelligence. Through the slogan "search, don't sort", he well describes how our way of using email has changed after the spread of Gmail:

We used to think that sorting saves time. It did; but it doesnt any more, because Google searches (in this instance, Gmail searches) now work faster and better. So taxonomies, at least in their more practical, utilitarian modeas an information retrieval toolare now useless. And of course computers do not have queries on the meaning of life, so they do not need taxonomies to make sense of the world, eitheras we do, or did.[Mario Carpo,The Second Digital Turn. Design Beyond Intelligence, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2017, p. 25.]

Machine-intelligence is an infinite search based on a finite request: Carpo's machine, which announces the second digital turn (or revolution?), is able to find a needle in a haystack - so long as someone asks it to look for a needle, for reasons that are still human. There is no longer any need for shelves, drawers, or taxonomies to narrow down the search-terms into increasingly coherent sets (as was the case with "sorting"). The machine will find the needle wherever it is, in the chaos of the pseudo-infinite space of the World Wide Web or, in a more general sense, of the "Big Data". It will do so in an instant. And herein lies its intelligence: it can look for a needle in a pseudo-infinite haystack (Big Data) at a very high speed (Big Calcula).

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6 Visions of How Artificial Intelligence will Change Architecture - ArchDaily

MI5s deputy head will take the top job at the spy agency next month promising a sharper focus on China and to work more closely with the private sector in harnessing artificial intelligence in tackling hostile state and terrorist activity.

Ken McCallum, a career MI5 officer, has been the agencys deputy director general since April 2017 and was seen by insiders as the heir apparent at an organisation that prides itself on internal appointments to its leading position.

The Glaswegian is the youngest ever boss of MI5, although the organisation will only say he is in his 40s and replaces Sir Andrew Parker, who had been due to step down in April after seven years as the director general in charge of the the UKs domestic security service.

His appointment was announced by the home secretary, Priti Patel, on Monday.

MI5s purpose is hugely motivating, McCallum said. Our people with our partners strive to keep the country safe, and they always want to go the extra mile. Having devoted my working life to that team effort, it is a huge privilege now to be asked to lead it as director general.

Insiders said that McCallum wanted to be clearer about the threat posed by China particularly in terms of industrial espionage and cyberwarfare in the belief that the level of spying by Bejiing in the UK was not appreciated more widely.

But the agency recognises that its concerns about China, which predate the coronavirus crisis by many months, also need to be set against the fact that the vast country also remains an important economic partner for the UK.

MI5 is expected to continue to support the decision to allow Huawei to supply 5G mobile phone equipment, even if highlighting other threats from China could provide further ammunition to Bejings critics on the Conservative backbenches, who are threatening to try to block the Chinese companys involvement.

McCallum also hopes to work more closely with technology companies to try to better exploit advances in technology at a time when the agency also remains concerned about the rise of hard-to-crack end-to-end encryption.

The spy agency believes it no longer has the internal capability to develop what it needs in fields such as artificial intelligence and data analysis, while McCallum will continue to demand that spy agencies have lawful access to secure messaging services.

At one point, around a decade ago, McCallum was responsible for MI5s cyber activities, when the subject was less fashionable in intelligence circles. It was a period that helped shape his interest in China and working with the technology industry.

As deputy director general, McCallum was responsible for the agencys operational work during a period when there were terrorist attacks in Manchester and London, and for MI5s response to the attempted assassination of Sergei Skripal by Russia.

McCallum has 25 years experience within MI5, spending the first 10 years of his career working on Northern Ireland, focusing on terrorism and the development of the peace process around the time of the 1998 Good Friday agreement.

He was asked to take charge of counter-terror investigations and risk management relating to the London 2012 Olympics, before being promoted to become director general, strategy in 2015, responsible for MI5s relationships with its sister intelligence agencies GCHQ and MI6.

McCallum will become the 18th director general of MI5 since its foundation in 1909, although its leaders have only been publicly avowed since 1993. Modern agency chiefs serve fixed periods of office, preventing them from becoming entrenched at the top of the agencies they run.

Parker, 57, had his term extended despite a difficult period in 2017 when the UK was hit by a spate of terrorist attacks; after the attack at London Bridge, the agency admitted that the ringleader, Khuram Butt, had been on its radar but the signs that the Islamist terrorist was planning the attack that killed eight with two associates were missed.

Fresh concerns also emerged this winter when Usman Khan, a man convicted of terror offences and released on licence, killed two in an attack also near London Bridge, prompting an emergency tightening of terror sentencing amid concerns that people were continuing to be radicalised in prison.

But the military defeat of Islamic State in Syria and the death of its leader Abu-Bakr al-Baghdadi has given some cautious grounds for optimism. The terror threat was reduced from severe to substantial last November.

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New MI5 head promises to focus on China and harness AI - The Guardian

Artificial intelligence technologies are no longer the preserve of the big tech and digital platform players of this world. From manufacturing to energy, health care to government, our research shows organizations from all industries and sectors are experimenting with a suite of AI technologies across numerous use cases.

Among the organizations surveyed for this report, 72% had begun deploying AI by 2018, and 87% by 2019. Yet much remains unknown about AIs real, as opposed to potential, impact. Companies are developing use cases, but far from all are yet bearing fruit. How, business leaders ask, can we scale promising use cases to multiple parts of the enterprise? How can we leverage data, talent, and other resources to exploit AI to the fullest? And how can we do so ethically and within the bounds of regulation?

MIT Technology Review Insights surveyed 1,004 senior executives in different sectors and regions of the world to understand how organizations are using AI today and planning to do so in the future. Following are the key findings of this research:

Download the full report.

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The global AI agenda: Promise, reality, and a future of data sharing - MIT Technology Review