Category Archives: Abolition Of Work

Dhammananda Bhikkhuni (Source: thaibhikkuni.com)

This article is from Prachatai, an independent news site in Thailand, and is republished on Global Voices as part of a content-sharing agreement.

Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, the first Thai woman to be ordained as a Theravada monk and current abbess of Songdhammakalyani Monastery, has been listed as one of the BBCs 100 Women in 2019.

While Thailand has around 300,00 Buddhist monks, women are still mostly barred from being ordained on Thai soil. In 1928, after the attempted ordination of two women, Prince Bhujong Jombunud Sirivahano, then the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, issued an edict forbidding monks from ordaining women as monks or novices. The Sangha Supreme Council of Thailand also issued two rulings in 1984 and 1987 forbidding the ordination of women. However, the Sangha Act of 1962, the secular law governing Thai monastics, and the 1992 amendment do not prohibit the ordination of women.

Moreover, the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand (NHRC) ruled in 2015 that the Sangha Supreme Councils prohibition of the ordination of women is a violation of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), to which Thailand is a state party. NHRC also ruled that such prohibition is in violation of the Thai Constitution and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), both of which protect freedom of religion.

Dhammanandas efforts to re-establish the Theravada bhikkhunilineage in Thailand have been met with resistance from both the laity and monks who are against ordaining women, most of whom have claimed that the ordination of women is not possible as the Theravada bhikkhuni lineage has already died out. Bhikkhuni refers to a fully ordained female monastic. Despite the lack of secular law prohibiting the ordination of women, bhikkunis are seen as a foreign tradition and the two main Buddhist orders in Thailand have yet to officially accept ordained women as part of the Sangha the Buddhist community of monastics.

Dhammananda is currently the abbess of the Songdhammakalyani Monastery in Nakhon Pathom, founded by her mother Voramai Kabilsingh, who was ordained as a monk in the Taiwanese Dharmaguptaka lineage in 1971, receiving the religious name Ta Tao Fa Tzu. The monastery is currently Thailands only all-female temple. Varanggana Vanavichayen, the first woman to be ordained as a monk on Thai soil, was ordained at the Songdhammakalyani Monastery in 2002.

However, the Thai authorities do not recognize the monastery as a Buddhist temple, and when Dhammananda and other monks from the monastery went to pay respect to the late King Bhumibol at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall, where his body lay in state, they were denied entry. The officials claimed that they were turned away on the grounds that it is illegal for women to wear the saffron robe under Thai Buddhism. 22 other female monks and novices were also turned away after being told that they would be only be allowed to pay their respect to the late King if they removed their robes and wore the regular black clothing of laypeople.

The BBCs 100 Women list includes those who had made the headlines or influenced important stories over the past 12 months, as well as those who have inspiring stories to tell, achieved something significant or influenced their societies in ways that wouldn't necessarily make the news.

The theme for 2019 is the Female Future and the list also includes Kuwaiti womens rights activist Alanoud Alsharekh, who works on the abolition of Kuwaits honour-killing law; Japanese model and author Yumi Ishikawa, founder of the #KuToo campaign against the requirement for women to wear high heels at work; sumo wrestler Hiyori Kon, who fought to change the rules which barred women from competing professionally in sumo; US congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the youngest woman ever to serve in the US congress; Filipino journalist and press freedom advocate Maria Ressa, an outspoken critic of President Rodrigo Dutertes war on drugs; and Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg, whose school strike protests mobilized millions of young people around the world, forming the Fridays for future movement.

Read more:

First Thai female Theravada monk named one of BBCs 100 most influential women - Global Voices

In his recent remarks on Mahatma Gandhi and the contemporary world, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antnio Guterres said, Part of his genius lay in his ability to see the interconnectedness and the unity between all things. His political achievements included leading the movement that ended colonial rule in India, using peace, love and integrity to prevail. But his vision went far beyond politics to encompass human rights and sustainable development.

Today, I see how far we have come in the past century. After two terrible world wars, countries across Asia and Africa declared their independence. India won its freedom. And the India of today can be proud of its record of 17 successive free elections; of universal adult suffrage; of the abolition of untouchability; of the verve, passion and creativity that propel its young people towards enterprise and service, and much more.

Much of this was inspired by Gandhi and the moral authority of his philosophy of satyagraha. Because, while Gandhi fought for Indias Independence, for the rights of his disenfranchised compatriots, he stood, through the sheer moral force of his example, for a hope shared by those weary of war a hope of a better life. In his person and methods, Indias nationalism was, in effect, universalism.

In over a century since Gandhi returned to India, a billion people have been lifted out of poverty, more babies are surviving to become adolescents, more children are going to school, fewer have to live in fear of being targeted because of their race or sexuality.

But we cannot fail, in our appreciation for what has gone right, to recognise the ways in which we continue to fall short and, in some instances, have even reversed prior gains. Today, consensus enshrined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights is fraying, even as the politics of fear and resentment takes root. Our world teeters on the brink of disaster brought on by anthropogenic climate change and unsustainable practices. Too many continue to go without, while too much is owned by too few. Privilege still determines opportunity. The structures of power and injustice Gandhi fought against mutated, but they are still there, creating yawning disparities in income, wealth, education, health, personal safety, access to finance and opportunity. And to set off once again on the path to greater prosperity and freedom for all, to leave no one behind, we must turn, once again, to Gandhi.

If the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), that all nations are committed to achieving by 2030, are the worlds toughest to-do list, it is Gandhi who provides us with the tools to check the list off. These 17 SDGs mark a recognition of the interconnectedness of the challenges we face today and we can only solve them together.

Our old lenses do not quite fit we need multifocals, perhaps, to look into the future, informed by the past, and grounded in the present. Gandhis endless innovation and tinkering, his reconciliation of tradition and a deeply egalitarian modernity, signpost the paths not yet taken the ones we must now take.

Were already seeing how his ideas today, in the 21st century, effect massive change. India has channelled his image and emphasis on cleanliness to implement one of the largest sanitation drives in the world. Gandhis innovations in staging non-violent protest today inform social movements, from Occupy to Fridays for Future, in New Delhi and New York and everywhere in between. His concept of trusteeship finds echoes in our concerns about economic inequality and of leaving no one behind. And his determination that the land we live off is not an inheritance from our forefathers, but in fact a loan from our children that we hold in trust for them, forms the core of modern ecological thought.

In his profoundly holistic vision of life is the blueprint for sustainable development a radical humanism that rejects untamed consumption and production and embraces needs over wants. Gandhis life and his prolific work touch on every aspect of human life caste, gender, religion, technology, the economy, literature, nationalism and colonialism and in his ruminations and experiments, we can find a greater truth: The personal is political, each individual has inherent dignity and worth, and, in these universal imperatives, is our path to a better future in which there is no politics without principles, commerce without morality, or science without humanity.

Today, on this UN Day, we recommit ourselves to those same ideals, which resonate so well with those enshrined in our United Nations Charter.

Renata Dessallien is the UN resident coordinator in India

The views expressed are personal

First Published:Oct 23, 2019 18:57 IST

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One man had the answer for todays troubles: Gandhi | Opinion - Hindustan Times

18 October 2019

With the tentative agreement announced Wednesday by the United Auto Workers, the struggle by 48,000 autoworkers at General Motors enters a new stage. If their struggle is not to be defeated, workers must mobilize against the UAW, which is collaborating with the auto companies to impose a contract that will set a new benchmark for exploitation for generations to come.

The Wall Street investors who stand behind General Motors have made clear their attitude toward the deal. We continue to believe that if this is ratified, it is a fairly solid outcome for GM, analyst Joseph Spak said. The financial implications of the deal dont look too onerous.

Reports that President Trump spoke to GM CEO Marry Barra and UAW President Gary Jones by phone on Wednesday demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the entire ruling class to the outcome of this strike. A defeat of GM workers will not only set the standard for labor costs throughout the American economy, it will represent a major defeat for the entire working class.

Only a week ago, the UAW claimed in a statement that GM had not negotiated in good faith since day one. And yet, after more than 32 days on strike, the UAW has presented workers with a contract that, in almost all respects, is identical to GMs initial proposal from September.

In a press conference at GMs Renaissance Center in downtown Detroit, an evasive UAW Communications Director Brian Rothenberg lied through his teeth. After declaring that the contract would not only end perma-temps in the industry, but throughout the nation, he deliberately concealed the fact that the UAW had sanctioned a vast expansion of low paid, at-will employees.

Rothenberg was forced to acknowledge that the much-publicized promise by GM to invest billions in the United States and hire or retain 9,000 workers is not contained in the contract and is so much hot air.

The response of workers to the contract is overwhelmingly negative. The opposition to the deal that autoworkers have expressed on social media is only one indication of a brewing rebellion against the UAW.

Fearing a revolt, the UAW decided to keep workers on the picket line during the voting process. But the union is forcing workers to vote on the contract in an accelerated process that will leave them no time to adequately study the details and discuss the agreement among themselves. The full contract was not even released to GM National Council members, apparently out of fear that it could leak out to the membership.

Until the full contract has been released, the worst parts of the agreement remain unknown. But the official highlights released yesterday by the UAW already reveal massive concessions:

* Three out of the four plants GM slated for closure last year will remain closed. This includes the historic Lordstown plant, which once employed 4,500 workers. There are estimates that as many as 25,000 related jobs could be destroyed in the Youngstown area, which is already plagued by deindustrialization, poverty and the opioid epidemic. The Detroit-Hamtramck plant will, at some unspecified time, be re-tooled to manufacture a new model electric pickup truck, with only a fraction of the number of workers originally employed at the plant.

* Workers will receive only two wage increases of three percent over the four-year contract, failing to keep pace with inflation and further lowering their base wage rate in real terms.

* More than 2,000 higher-paid legacy workers will be pushed out of the plants by next February, by means of buyouts from the Special Attrition Program.

* The deal grants a blank check to GM on the number of temps it hires in its plants, requiring only that any decision be approved by the UAW.

* Temps will be hired in at full-time positions after three consecutive years of employment. This wording implies that temporary workers who are laid off and re-hired will start from the beginning.

* Appendix K, the clause from the 2015 contract that enabled the secret memorandums of understanding that sanctioned the replacement of full-time workers with contractors at Lordstown and Lake Orion, has been enhanced to [identify] opportunities to retain work and add new work to UAW-represented GM locations, i.e., expand the use of contractors at less profitable facilities.

* The deal establishes a new joint labor-management National Committee on Advanced Technology to discuss the impact of future technologies on GMs labor force.

* The UAW-GM Center for Human Resources, exposed as a nexus of bribery and graft by the federal corruption probe, will be kept in all but name. The current building will be closed and sold off. But the joint programs themselves will be retained and eventually housed in a new facility, paid for by GM.

The sincere but mistaken hope of many autoworkers that the combined pressure of impending federal corruption indictments and the militancy of the rank-and-file would force the UAW to fight has been demonstrated to be an illusion.

From the beginning, the UAW pursued a definite strategy of wearing down workers on the picket line in order to impose a defeat. That is why the UAW kept Ford and Fiat Chrysler workers on the job, enforced a total information blockade, and strung the GM workers out on $250 per week in strike pay.

The UAW also sought to isolate GM workers from their brothers and sisters internationally by promoting toxic America-first nationalism.

After a group of Mexican GM workers were fired for courageously refusing to accept increases in production during the strike in the US and appealed directly to American autoworkers for support, the UAW responded by demanding the reallocation of products from Mexican plants to the United States. This whipsawing of workers in different countries enables global corporations like GM to pit workers against each other in a race to the bottom.

The UAW is attempting to shut down the strike at precisely the point where it is beginning to intersect with broader sections of workers, posing the possibility for a joint struggle by the entire working class. The tentative agreement was announced the day before the beginning of the strike by some 30,000 Chicago public school teachers. Last weekend, copper miners in the Southwest and UAW Mack Truck workers on the East Coast joined GM workers on strike.

In all of these struggles, the unions are playing an identical role. The Chicago Teachers Union, which called a strike only after it was unavoidable, is openly seeking to limit it to as short a duration as possible. Its sellout of the last strike in 2012 paved the way for the closure of dozens of schools by then-mayor Rahm Emanuel, Obamas former White House chief of staff.

By their own behavior, the trade unions have demonstrated that they cannot be reformed. They have exposed their own essence as bribed tools of corporate management, organically hostile to the interests of the workers they claim to represent.

GM workers must now draw the appropriate lessons and take the initiative out of the hands of the UAW.

A no vote is necessary. But that by itself is insufficient. The UAW will respond to a contract rejection by redoubling its campaign of lies and intimidation, as it did after the rejection of the Chrysler contract in 2015.

The urgent task for autoworkers is to form rank-and-file factory committees to take control of the struggle. These committees should make the following demands:

* No vote without time to study the contract! Workers must demand access to the full contract, not just the bogus highlights, and be given at least a full week to study it before voting. Workers should hold broad, democratic discussions on the contract, outside of the view and control of the union.

* For rank-and-file oversight of the balloting process! Autoworkers should insist that their rank-and-file committees have the authority to oversee voting, to ensure that there is no ballot-stuffing or vote-rigging, as is widely believed to have occurred during the ratification of the Ford contract in 2015.

* Expand the strike to Ford and Fiat Chrysler! Unite with the working class of different countries! Rank-and-file committees should be based on the principle of internationalism--that workers everywhere have the same basic interests.

* Committees should formulate their own demands for the strike, including a 40 percent pay raise, the restoration of COLA for current and retired workers, the abolition of the multi-tier wage and benefit system, the immediate conversion of all temps into full-time workers with full wages and benefits, the reopening of all closed plants and the re-hiring of laid-off workers.

* Autoworkers must defend the courageous GM workers in Silao, Mexico and demand the rehiring of those fired for supporting the US strike.

The attacks by General Motors in the US are part of a global strategy of the ruling class. The auto companies are preparing and already implementing a jobs bloodbath, which is part of the efforts of the ruling elites to organize a further redistribution of wealth from the working class to the rich.

The fight against GM is a fight against capitalism. The GM strike can and must be transformed into a powerful political movement of the working class armed with a socialist program, including the transformation of the global auto industry and the Wall Street banks into public enterprises under the collective ownership and democratic control of the working class.

Tom Hall

The rest is here:

No to the sellout contract! Take the GM strike out of the hands of the UAW! - World Socialist Web Site

IR35 will be rolled out in the private sector in six months time, on 6 April 2020, leaving recruiters and their clients just six months to get their house in order. Feedback from our members has been mixed, some feel they are ready, others havent yet begun looking at it. And who can blame them? Its difficult enough to see beyond the 31st of October let alone April next year.

The BBC cases show us how high the stakes can be, and how head-scratching complicated it can be to work out wherever an assignment falls inside or outside of IR35. Falling foul of the law next April will have big financial consequences, for agencies. Agencies supplying contractors could be financially liable for loss of tax if, after an enquiry, HMRC considers the engagement as falling inside of IR35. Meanwhile, agencies who can demonstrate knowledge in the area will undoubtedly be seen as more attractive for contractors and hirers.

IR35 wont wait for us

Thats despite our strong warning to ministers that now is completely the wrong time for more changes in business, and we need to protect our flexible labour market. Skipping over the Brexit uncertainty for a moment, next year will also welcome several new employment laws courtesy of the Good Work Plan itemised payslips and written statements for all, the key information document, the abolition of Swedish derogation, and holiday pay reference period changes from 12 to 15 weeks will all land on the same date. Thats a lot to deal with which is why getting to grips with IR35 early will make all the difference.

So what do you need to do?

The REC has been working hard to help members prepare. This has included a series of seminars across the country and there are more to follow. The IR35 hub contains helpful resources you can use to understand the changes, what needs to be done, and how to go about getting ready. As always our team is on hand to help should you need us.

We can help you with the other stuff too read up on the Good Work Plan changes that are coming into effect, and navigate the uncertainty with our Brexit hub.

With only six months to go, and what looks like an extremely bumpy journey to get there, getting ready for IR35 needs to be a top priority.

The rest is here:

IR35: We need to get ready - Recruiter

The Greens and green liberals are the big winners. The President Regula Rytz (57) and Jrg Large (50) dominate the headlines.

But the secret election winner, Gerhard Pfister (57) and CVP are. your voters percentage remains practically stable. In the national Council and the lose of the Christian democratic peoples party has just two seats. They defended the Council of States is also its Bastion and could even win a mandate.

No left and no right-wing majority without CVP

is The Crucial point, however: The CVP is again to tip the scales. Not only, as hitherto, in the Council of States, but also in the national Council. The majority of the right of the SVP and the FDP is gone. Even with the Social or financial questions to the right ticking green liberal is nothing to make The Trio only comes to 98 seats.

But also to the left, the importance of the CVP to grow SP, and Green occupy just 67 seats. And in Eco-topics, the Alliance of SP, Green, and GLP-83-is also a losing battle.

This means: Without CVPs nothing going on! Pfister is the majority buyer to the king-maker. Especially since the group is much more closed than in the past. The power of the center party even stronger.

Green Federal Council only with Pfisters blessing

Even at the Federal Council elections, none comes more to the CVP. If the Greens get a seat at the expense of the FDP, depends on whether Pfister lowers his thumb, or stands.

For the Moment, he is not likely to shake the foundations of the current distribution of seats, however, sooner or later, the CVP will want to have back in the Bundesrat your position of power by can make a deal with the Left and Right. As long as four representatives from the SVP and the FDP govern, does not work. Therefore, it would be for Pfister tempting to take the FDP a seat and it to the Green plug.

CVP is the climate compromise and the forging

the most important templates in the Parliament Pfister will leave even more on the CVP-stamp. Examples?

In the case of the AHV Reform, it needs to finally go forward. The crucial point is not whether the womens pension age is increased to 65 years, but at what price. The Federal Council wants to raise 700 million Swiss francs, to the disadvantages of women cushion. Right, this is too much, the Left to little. It now depends on Pfister on which side you are oriented. When it comes to climate protection the CVP to the bridge Builder is. The upcoming CO2 legislation, you will need to have the left-green demand rush of steam, so as to keep the FDP in the boat. The SVP has already announced the Referendum. Pfister is forging the climate compromise.In transport policy, the CVP is in the right direction. Flows even more money in roads or rails? With the railway Fund Fabi and the road Fund, NAF, the base is placed, but in the different development steps will be decided, how much money and where it flows. New the Velopolitik add: transport Minister Simonetta Sommaruga wants to strengthen the role of the Federal government. Pfister draws, he makes with the left-Green-Green Switzerland for Cycling. Conservative weakened

Pfister himself was not available for VIEW. He makes in Venice (I), a piccola pausa from the strenuous election campaign, as he tweeted.

General Secretary Gianna Luzio (39) confirmed the increase in the power: The CVP will be able to take the national Council increasingly to the role it holds in the Council of States already, and constructive solutions for the benefit of Switzerland and its population.

The Form of rigid alliances and blocks, whether to the left or right was not misleading. The CVP will have to find the political center for all your sustainable solutions Partner, says Luzio.

Almighty Pfister in the new Parliament will not be. In socio-political issues, the Parliament is ticking progressive. It is more difficult for the conservative forces CVP and SVP also in the agriculture policy.

the ruler of the middle can not turn in any case, and rule as he wants, shows, of all things, the CVP-prestige project: In the case of the abolition of the marriage penalty, he must reckon with new hurdles. Here, the evidence suggests that the SP, the greens, FDP and the green-liberal will prevail. You want to tax the spouse in the future, individually best.

campaign work

What had not have Gerhard Pfister listen to before the elections, everything. The CVP will be in addition to the SVP, the big loser and fall under the magic 10-percent mark, certified surveys. Pfister politicize with his subjects, the people passing by and put up with the Social Media campaign on the wrong horse.

It was not to be, As only the Federal Council, the party, the CVP lost only minimal. Long faces were seen at the SVP, FDP and SP. Obviously, Pfister and co. have got some things right. As his party moved with 77 lists in the election battle record. This flood of candidates mobilised on the Basis of quite obvious. To operate mainly because all the candidates had to agree, in spite of a hopeless situation actively in the election.

Also, the CVP-dominated with a provocative Negative campaign on the Internet the headlines, what has helped the party perhaps. Or was there a Amherd effect? The defence Minister was named in a survey, after all, to the sympathetic councillor. (nmz)

Read more:

Options: CVP and Gerhard Pfister gain massive influence look - The KXAN 36 News

"We are going to elect a government with Liberal MPs from right across the country. We will continue the hard work of investing in Canadians."

"Coalition" is not a dirty word, Singh said as he railed against Canada's electoral system, which gives the candidate with the most votes in each riding the victory.

Singh also criticized Trudeau for breaking his 2015 campaign promise that that election would be the last under the first-past-the-post system.

Singh said the system means that fewer than half of voters can choose a certain party, "and they get all the power, and that's wrong." Singh said Canadians often feel their vote doesn't matter, adding 60 per cent of Canadians "regularly" vote against the Conservatives.

"So it's wrong for the Conservatives to think that with less than 40 per of the power or vote they deserve all the majority of power. That's wrong," Singh said in Welland where former NDP MP Malcolm Allen is trying to take back his old seat of Niagara Centre from Liberal MP Vance Badawey.

Singh said he is committed to a "mixed-member proportional representation to make sure everyone's vote counts."

Singh started his day off at the popular Blue Star Restaurant in south Welland with Allen and Ontario NDP Leader Andrea Horwath. ."

Green Leader Elizabeth May said it was premature to talk of coalition governments as she also laid into Trudeau for not living up to the 2015 pledge to change the Canadian voting system.

"You don't actually start talking about coalitions until the election is over," she said in Qualicum Beach on Vancouver Island, where she was trying to add to her party's two seats and its chances of being a player in any possible post-election balance of power.

"We're prepared to work with and find ways to make Parliament work for Canadians. And to do that, Mr. Scheer is wrong in saying that he's got a new way in how Parliament works in a minority. Mr. Singh is wrong, saying he will only work with the Liberals."

Bloc Qubcois Leader Yves-Francois Blanchet reiterated his party's position that it isn't interested in propping up any minority government, and instead would be guided by one criteria: what is good for Quebec.

A day earlier, Blanchet offered more specifics.

"There is no question of the Bloc systematically supporting a government or a coalition or a party. It will be piece by piece. If it's good for Quebec, we'll be there," he said on Wednesday.

"If the Conservatives decide to support us on the single tax return, it'll go through. If the Conservatives imagine that the Bloc Qubcois will support the abolition of the carbon tax, it won't happen."

Go here to see the original:

Trudeau, Scheer and Singh haggle over potential minority government outcome in Monday's election - TheRecord.com

If you understand relations among races, a social more than biological concept, youre ahead of me. Have you had an experience like this? In western North Carolina at the 50th wedding anniversary of a friend from my grade-school years, the fiddlers vocalist sang that people who thought men descended from monkeys were as dumb as monkeys. Pointing to the Confederate battle flags on my friends pickup, I asked whether his son, at whom I pointed, objected. No, he said. He knows I fly them to honor our heritage.

My friend and his wife, both white, adopted their son, now a successful black entrepreneur, when he was a troubled adolescent. Though parading Confederate flags is their privilege, why do it? I did not ask their son for his view.

The Czechs were right to tear down the Stalin Monument in Prague, and the Taliban were evil to blow up the 1,700-year-old statues of Buddha in Afghanistan. Though slave owners and racists, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson built our nation and their monuments should stand. Robert E. Lee, in contrast, though a unifier after the war, fought as a traitor. We may hesitate, thinking of the Taliban, to destroy statues, but most of his should be moved or given context.

Though slavery is our original sin, the sin did not end with abolition. New evidence for the economic facet of that, as if more were needed, comes in a paper by William Collins and Marianne Wanamaker entitled, Up from Slavery? Painstakingly putting together data from census records from 1880 through 1930, Collins and Wanamaker address the question: Why were blacks in 1930 no higher in the income distribution than in 1880? The painstaking part of their work was linking sons to fathers from census to census, to see how far sons rose or fell from their fathers place in income rank.

They did that because the low income of blacks in 1930 could arise, in a mathematical sense, from starting very low, or from making little progress from father to son. (It was impossible, since women took their husbands names, to link daughters to parents.) Obviously blacks, newly freed, started low. More important, however, was that at all income ranks, sons of black fathers had far less chance of climbing. Even sons of well-off black men were likely to end up below the sons of poor whites.

It was the inheritance of race, not social class, that held back the former slaves and their descendants. The simple reason blacks did not rise before 1930 is racism. Collins and Wanamaker highlight two aspects of that. Though there were public schools for all, racial gaps in school quality widened from 1880 to 1910, and by 1910 the political disenfranchisement of southern blacks was nearly complete.

The statues at the center of controversy today, as is often noted, were erected to celebrate not the Civil War but the Jim Crow eras repression of blacks. Had it not been for that repression, the relative incomes of African Americans would have been as high by 1910 as they are today, a century later.

What about the years after 1930? Though black progress was greater than before, it has still been slow. First, World War II tightened labor markets, helping most those on the bottom rungs of the job ladder. A further boost came from the Civil Rights and Voting Rights acts in the mid-1960s, which improve employment opportunities for blacks, especially men. After being forced to hire African Americans, employers discovered that they worked just as hard and ably as whites.

The Civil Rights Act also had a delayed effect in the 1990s. With improved black family incomes and with hospitals forced to serve minorities, the health of black infants improved dramatically during the post-neonatal period the period from one month to, say, three years. When those infants became adults, their better health, both mental and physical, resulted in higher incomes and less disability.

With that exception, however, there has been little progress since the early 1980s. Minority children have been re-segregated into poorer schools. Soaring imprisonment has disrupted black neighborhoods. And now we see racism coming into the open.

Dave Denslow is a retired University of Florida economics professor.

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Dave Denslow: The sin of slavery did not end with abolition - Gainesville Sun

There are many and varied examples of the assessment jargon that litters education. The system assesses so oftenthat conjuring new names for the manner and form of it is an art, requiring not only teachers but also parents and students to use them ad nauseum.

One such is controlled assessment: that contribution to the final qualification outcome made not by an examination, but by some form of project work, completed under the supervision of the class teacher, who also then marks it.

Controlled assessment is so named because it is not coursework, which could be taken home. Instead, it must be done in class time.

The latitude given to teachers in controlled assessment issubstantialand the opportunities to nudge the results of some, most or indeed all of the children in the desired direction is ever-present. Perhaps through sharing the specific question too early, or inappropriately editing a students work.

Even if an individual teacher has the moral fibre to resist that temptation, senior management might take a different viewand subtly or perhaps bluntly highlight ways in which the constraints of the rubric can be pushed against and, in some cases, pushed through.

It is a hard truth to acknowledge that cheating or the hardly better euphemism gaming is a problem in teaching. In 2016there were 388 penalties for all forms of cheating, including controlled assessment infractions, issued to school and college staff, an increase from 262 in 2015 and 119 in 2014.

The Tesforums are filled with people who suspect itand several who are open that they have seen it happening in their own school and do not know what to do about it. Innocent teachers and students were the victims of this behaviour.

In 2010, the coalition government more-or-less resolved this problem for teachers by announcing the almost totalabolition of controlled assessment from the reformed GCSEs. This week, the results of the first of those GCSEs English language, English literature and mathematics will be published.

Given that both the content and the construction of the exams is deliberately designed to make them harder, it is likely schools will see some decline in the quality of their results.

Students should be spared problems arising from this by the decision to align the new Grade 4 with the bottom of the old C-grade, so much the same number as got passing grades last year will get them this year, too. Schools, who are to be judged on the number of Grade 5 students receive, may feel more aggrieved.

Almost certainly, some will seek to blame the abolition of controlled assessment in English as one of the reasons for the changes in outcomes. They will probably be right, because controlled assessment is habitually marked more positively than terminal examinations, but no teacher should mourn the loss of controlled assessment.

As well as being enormous amounts of work to teach, invigilate and mark, it presented an unpleasant ethical challenge to all teachers and left a whiff of immorality around our profession that we are well rid of.

John Blake is head of education and social reform at the think-tank Policy Exchange, before which he was a state-school history teacher for 10 years.

Keep up to date with all the latest GCSE news, views and analysis on ourGCSE hub.

Find outwhat colleagues are chatting about in your discipline by visiting the subject based forums in the Tes Community or you can join in the conversation about GCSE results day.

Read more:

'Why we shouldn't mourn the loss of controlled assessment this GCSE results day' - TES News

State Government employees in almost all departments boycotted work and more than 10,000 of them took to the streets on Tuesday in response to a State-wide strike call given by the Joint Action Committee of Tamilnadu Teachers Organisations and Government Employees Organisations (JACTO-GEO).

According to sources, around 5,000 employees from various government offices and nearly 5,500 teachers from State Government-run and aided schools with affiliation to the JACTO-GEO protested in Pollachi, Valparai, Mettupalayam, Sulur, Annur and Kinathukadavu.

The Coimbatore city too saw a protest in front of the Coimbatore South Taluk office. The sources said that around 50 % of the employees from various departments and nearly 50 per cent teachers boycotted work.

Around 2,500 of them, including nearly 1,000 women employees, participated in the protest.

District representatives of JACTO-GEO M. Rajasekaran, V. Senthilkumar and S. Ganesh Kumar led the protests.

C. Arasu, member, district high-level committee, JACTO-GEO, said they had only three demands - the State Government should give up the new contributory pension scheme and revert to the old pension scheme. The new pension scheme was not beneficial to employees and kin of employees who had died in harness did not stand to gain.

The employees were unaware where the money deducted towards pension was and did not want to continue in the new scheme.

V. Senthilkumar said the employees wanted the State Government to implement the Eighth Pay Commission and that too after removing the anomalies in the Seventh Pay Commission. In the interim period, the government should pay 20 % as relief.

Todays was a token strike. If the Government did not heed to their demands, the employees would go on an indefinite strike from September 7, the leaders added.

To mitigate the impact of strike, the School Education Department had roped in students of Bachelor of Education, part-time and special teachers to teach students in its schools. It also took help from private school managements.

Around 11,200 employees of various government departments, affiliated to Joint Action Council of Tamil Nadu Teachers Organisations and Government Employees Organisations, struck work in the district on Tuesday.

The employees staged a protest in front of the Collectorate to highlight their multiple demands including abolition of contributory pension scheme.

Original post:

Government employees go on strike - The Hindu

When enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas, they were often alone, separated from their family and community, unable to communicate with those around them. The following descriptionis from'The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano':

"When we arrived in Barbados (in the West Indies) many merchants and planters came on board and examined us. We were then taken to the merchant's yard, where we were all pent up together like sheep in a fold. On a signal the buyers rushed forward and chose those slaves they liked best."

On arrival, the Africans were prepared for sale like animals. They were washed and shaved: sometimes their skins were oiled to make them appear healthy and increase their sale price.

Depending on where they had arrived, the enslaved Africans were sold through agents by public auction or by a scramble', in which buyers simply grabbed whomever they wanted. Sales often involved measuring, grading and intrusive physical examination.

Sold, branded and issued with a new name, the enslaved Africans were separated and stripped of their identity. In a deliberate process, meant to break their will power and make them totally passive and subservient, the enslaved Africans were seasoned.' This means that, for a period of two to three years, they were trained to endure their work and conditions - obey or receive the lash. It was mental and physical torture.

Life expectancywas short, on many plantations only 7-9 years. The high slave replacement figures were one piece of evidence used by the abolitionist, Anthony Benezet, to counter arguments that enslaved peoplebenefitted from removal from Africa.

Other descriptions of the arrival and sale of enslaved people: Captain Stedman describes the condition of enslaved people leaving a slave ship Dr Cullen describes the arrival of the enslaved people in the West Indies Dr Alexander Falconbridge describes a sale, 1778Henry Lauren describes a sale, 1786

What was life like for the enslaved person?

Itwas a life of endless labour.They worked up to 18 hours a day, sometimes longer at busy periods such as harvest. There were no weekends or rest days.

The dominant experience for most Africans was work on the sugar plantations. In Jamaica, for example, 60% worked on the sugarplantations and, by the early 19th century, 90% of enslaved Africans in Nevis, Montserrat and Tobago toiled on sugar slave estates.

The major secondary crop was coffee, which employed sizable numbers on Jamaica, Dominica, St Vincent, Grenada, St Lucia, Trinidad and Demerara. Coffee plantations tended to be smaller than sugar estates and, because of their highland locations, were more isolated.

A few colonies grew no sugar. On Belize most enslaved Africans were woodcutters; on the Cayman Islands, Anguilla and Barbuda, a majority of slaves lived on small mixed agricultural holdings; on the Bahamas, cotton cultivation was important for some decades.Even on a sugar-dominated island like Barbados, about one in ten slaves produced cotton, ginger and aloe. Livestock ranching was important on Jamaica, where specialised pens emerged.

By the 1760s, on mainland North American plantations, half of enslaved African people were occupied in cultivating tobacco, rice and indigo.

Children under the age of six, a few elderly people and some people with physical disabilities were the only people exempt from labour.

Individuals were allocated jobs according to gender, age, colour, strength and birthplace. Men dominated skilled trades and women generally came to dominate field gangs. Age determined when enslaved people entered the work force, when they progressed from one gang to another, when field hands became drivers and when field hands were retired as watchmen. The offspring of planters and enslaved African women were often allocated domestic work or, in the case of men, to skilled trades.

Children were sent to work doing whatever tasks they were physically able. This could include cleaning, water carrying, stone picking and collecting livestock feed.In addition to their work in the fields, women were used to carry outthe duties of servants,child minders and seamstresses. Women could be separated from their children and sold to different 'owners' at any time.

Mary Prince, in her autobiography,described her experience ofbeing enslaved andseparated from her mother. To hear an extract from the autobiography.

A description of the life of an enslaved plantation workerwas described by Renny in 1807. To here the description.

How did the plantation owners control the enslaved people?

The plantation owners may have controlled the work and physical well being of enslaved people, but they could never control their minds. The enslaved people resisted at every opportunity and in many different ways - see the resistance section.

There was always the constant threat of uprising and keeping thoseenslaved under controlwas a priority of all plantation owners. The laws created to control enslaved populations were severe andillustrated the tensions that existed. The laws passed by the Islands' governing Assemblies are often referred to as the Black Codes.'

Any enslaved personfound guilty of committing or plotting serious offences, such as violence against the plantation owner or destruction of property, was put to death. Beatings and whippings were a common punishment, as well as the use of neck collars or leg irons for less serious offences, such as failure to work hard enough or insubordination, which covered many things.

Thomas Clarkson described the life of an enslaved person in a speech to a gathering at Ipswich. To hear an extract of this speech.

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Go here to see the original:

On the Plantations: The Abolition of Slavery Project