How Mori knowledge could help New Zealanders turn their concern for the environment into action – The Conversation AU

As world leaders continue negotiations at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, several agreements reached so far have acknowledged the connection between climate change and the global loss of biodiversity.

Half a world away, we might feel somewhat smug. Almost a third of Aotearoa New Zealand is protected as conservation land, but we nevertheless have the highest number of threatened species worldwide, with 79% of birds, bats, reptiles and frogs at risk of or threatened with extinction.

The threat to wildlife is entirely due to human impacts, including the introduction of mammal predators and land-use practices that threaten Indigenous biodiversity.

Despite more than 40,000 people in 600 community conservation groups working throughout the country, these efforts and gains are tenuous, not yet arresting the decline in biodiversity.

Surveys show New Zealanders are increasingly aware of the state of our environment, but knowledge on its own does not spur action.

We suggest mtauranga Mori, a traditional system of understanding the natural world, could help take people from awareness to action.

Te Mana o te Taiao is New Zealands national biodiversity strategy and lays out conservation priorities for the next three decades. It promotes the braiding of Western science and mtauranga Mori and emphasises a focus on people as much as the environment.

Regular surveys show a marked shift in public perception of the state of New Zealands environment. Twenty years ago, a majority believed the environment was in good health, but today, most people believe it is in poor health.

The survey also asks if respondents had participated in environmental advocacy or volunteer work, but the percentage of people who have has remained steady over two decades.

Read more: Why Indigenous knowledge should be an essential part of how we govern the world's oceans

People feel increasingly disconnected from the natural world for a few key reasons, including:

a rise of individualism and the erosion of community

distraction by technology and entertainment

increasing urbanisation and inequality leading to an extinction of experience

poorer urban populations with fewer opportunities to connect with nature.

Awareness alone does not spur action, but research shows people who feel more connected with nature have a stronger sense of environmental responsibility.

If we wish to ensure the survival of our Indigenous biodiversity, we need to ask how we get from awareness to action. Indigenous peoples have played a strong role in conserving biodiversity over many centuries, and mtauranga Mori could hold some answers.

Read more: Indigenous knowledge and the persistence of the 'wilderness' myth

There are three main strands to how mtauranga Mori can turn knowledge into action.

Ecological science has increased our understanding of the inter-connectedness of ecosystems and has brought us closer to a mtauranga Mori concept of human relationships with the natural world. Within this concept, if the environment is not in good health, people cant be in good health either. Seeing ourselves as inter-connected and inter-dependent with the natural world engenders reciprocity and care for the natural world.

By embedding values and beliefs into facts, knowledge becomes more memorable, meaningful and relatable. This helps people to form an identity of belonging within the natural world and a connection to place. We are far more likely to care for a place if we feel a connection to it.

Awareness of our inter-connections and dependence on the natural world helps us see the dissonance between stewardship and practices that threaten other species.

Community conservation groups could play a central role in achieving New Zealands national biodiversity strategy through use of mtauranga Mori concepts.

Ecosanctuaries like Zealandia already provide opportunities to connect with the natural world, through education and volunteering. There are more than 80 sanctuaries throughout the country, providing opportunities for people to acquaint themselves with the natural world and become involved in conservation activities.

Ecosanctuaries demonstrate environmental restoration is possible and conservation is everyones responsibility, not just the role of the state. They effectively build a constituency for conservation within the community.

Zealandia identifies its role as an enabler of transformation in the way people engage with the natural world. Their 20-year strategy emphasises mtauranga Mori and inspiring change through shared passion.

The biodiversity strategy is fundamentally about people [] the task that we have in front of us is fundamentally about changing the way people value the natural world.

Mori continually straddle two worlds, navigating the Mori world view and the Tauiwi (Western) world. Non-Mori rarely step into the Mori world, and its unfamiliarity can cause discomfort.

Incorporating mtauranga Mori should not mean appropriating knowledge from Mori or glossing over legitimate Mori grievances. Instead, being able to hold two world views can be likened to gaining binocular vision people discern more depth and detail than by seeing the world through a single lens.

To maintain and improve our biodiversity, we need to practise conservation everywhere rather than only in conservation spaces. Embracing mtauranga Mori concepts could help New Zealanders to develop an identity of ecological belonging to become better kaitiaki (guardians) of our biodiversity.

This article is based on a presentation given at a Sanctuaries of New Zealand workshop earlier this year on the theme of iwi and conservation.

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How Mori knowledge could help New Zealanders turn their concern for the environment into action - The Conversation AU