The Child Soldiers of Portland – City Journal

There are only a few places on earth where radicals and their children ritualistically burn the American flag and chant Death to America: Tehran, Baghdad, Beirut, Kabul, Ramallahand Portland, Oregon.

The City of Portland, a cloud-covered metro on the south bank of the Columbia River, has become known for its political protesters. Anarchists, Communists, ecofascists, and various other agitators regularly denounce the police, politicians of both parties, and America itself, and flag-burning has become part of the protesters liturgy. Last summer, protesters associated with Antifa upped the ante with chants of Death to America and participated in months of violent protests to avenge the death of George Floyd while he was in police custody in Minneapolis. Children as young as four marched with the crowd to the federal courthouse, raising the Black Power fist and chanting Fuck the Police!

Famously the whitest city in America, Portland has become the unlikely headquarters of race radicalism in the United States. The city has elevated white guilt into a civic religion; its citizens have developed rituals, devotions, and self-criticisms to fight systemic racism and white supremacy. The culminating expression of this orthodoxy is violence: street militias, calling themselves antiracists and antifascists, smash windows and torch the property of anyone transgressing the new moral law.

We might be tempted to dismiss this as the work of a few harmless radicals keeping Portland weird, but in recent years, their underlying ideology on race has become institutionalized. The city government has adopted a series of Five-Year Plans for equity and inclusion, shopkeepers have posted political slogans in their windows as a form of protection, and local schools have designed a program of political education for their students that borders on propaganda.

I have spent months investigating the structure of political education in three Portland-area school districts: Tigard-Tualatin School District, Beaverton School District, and Portland Public Schools. I have cultivated sources within each district and obtained troves of internal documents related to the curriculum, training, and internal dynamics of these institutions. We can best understand the political education program in Portland schools by dividing it into three parts: theory, praxis (or practice), and power. The schools have self-consciously adopted the pedagogy of the oppressed as their theoretical orientation, activated it through a curriculum of critical race theory, and enforced it through the appointment of de facto political officers within individual schools, generally under the cover of equity and social-justice programming. In short, they have begun to replace education with activism.

The results are predictable. By perpetuating the narrative that America is fundamentally evil, steeping children in race theory, and lionizing the Portland rioters, they have consciously pushed students in the direction of race-based revolution. In the language of the Left, the political education programs in Portland-area districts constitute a school-to-radicalism pipeline: a training ground for child soldiers. This is not hyperbole: some of the most active and violent anarchist groups in Portland are run by teenagers, and dozens of minors were arrested during last years riots. These groups have taken up the mantle of climate change, anticapitalism, antifascism, and Black Lives Matterwhatever provides a pretext for violent direct action.

Contrary to those who believed that the end of the Trump presidency would bring a return to normalcy, the social and political revolution in Portland has only accelerated under President Joe Biden. On Inauguration Day, teenage radicals marched through southeast Portland, smashing the office windows of the state Democratic Party and unfurling large banners with hand-painted demands: We dont want Biden, we want revenge; We are ungovernable; A new world from the ashes. Intoxicated by revolution and enabled by their elders, Portlands kids are not all right.

Tigard, Oregon, is a placid suburb southwest of Portland. A local shopping mall hosts a Macy's, a Dick's Sporting Goods, and a Cheesecake Factory. The citys historic main street is a pastiche of coffeehouses, boutiques, repair shops, and restaurants. Historically, the citys political squabbles have concerned zoning and land-use issuesin other words, the typical politics of an affluent American suburb. Demographically, Tigard is not diverse; it numbers only 636 blacks out of a total population of 52,368, making up approximately 1 percent of residents.

Nonetheless, educators at the Tigard-Tualatin School District have gone all-in on the social-justice trinity of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Last June, at the height of the nationwide unrest, Superintendent Sue Rieke-Smith and Board Chair Maureen Wolf signed a proclamation condemning racism and committing to being an anti-racist school district. The preamble to the document recited the names of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery, and confessed that the districts students of color, and Black students in particular, still regularly experience racism in [their] schools. To rectify this, the superintendent pledged to become actively anti-racist, dismantle systemic racism, implement a collective equity framework, establish pillars for equity, deploy Equity Teams within schools, create racially segregated Student Affinity Groups, and use an equity lens for all future curriculum adoptions.

The next month, the district announced a new Department of Equity and Inclusion and installed social-justice activist Zinnia Un as director. Un quickly created a blueprint, which I have obtained through a whistle-blower, for overhauling the pedagogy and curriculum at Tigard-Tualatin schools. The document calls for adopting the educational theories of Brazilian Marxist Paulo Freire, whose pedagogy of the oppressed (summarized in a 1968 book with that title) was originally designed to instill critical consciousness among impoverished South Americans and to forge the conditions for overthrowing the dictatorial governments of the era. (See Pedagogy of the Oppressor, Spring 2009.) Following Freires categorizations, Un writes that the Tigard-Tualatin school district must move from a state of reading the world to the phase of denunciation against the revolutions enemies and, finally, to the state of annunciation of the liberated masses, who will begin rewriting the world.

At the final stage, trainers plumb their subjects psyches to ensure that whiteness has been banished.

In her blueprint, Un describes the new oppressor as an amalgamation of whiteness, colorblindness, individualism, and meritocracy. These are the values of capitalist societybut for Un, they are the values of white society, the primary impediment to social justice.

What is the solution to pathological whiteness? According to Un and the Tigard-Tualatin School District, the answer lies with a new form of white identity development. In a series of antiracist resources provided to teachers, the Department of Equity and Inclusion includes a handful of strategies for this identity transformation, intended to facilitate growth for white folks to become allies, and eventually accomplices, for anti-racist work. Couched in the language of professional development, the process assumes that whites are born racist, even if they dont purposely or consciously act in a racist way. The first step in the training document is contact, defined as confronting whites with active racism or real-world experiences that highlight their whiteness. The goal is to provoke an emotional rupture that brings the subject to the next step, disintegration, in which he or she feels intense white guilt and white shame, and admits: I feel bad for being white. The training then outlines a process of moving white subjects from a state of reintegration to pseudo-independence to immersion to autonomy.

In the early stages, activities include attending a training, joining an allies group, participating in a protest. Later, white subjects are told to analyze their covert white supremacy, host difficult conversations with white friends and family about racism, and use their privilege to support anti-racist work. At the final stage, trainers plumb their subjects individual psyches to ensure that their whiteness has been banished. Subjects must answer a series of questions to demonstrate their commitment: Does your solidarity make you lose sleep at night? Does your solidarity put you in danger? Does your solidarity cost you relationships? Does your solidarity make you suspicious of predominantly white institutions? Does your solidarity have room for Black rage?

This is a pedagogy not of education but of revolution. Its also textbook cult indoctrination: convince initiates of their fundamental guilt; present a remedy through participation in the group; manipulate emotions to achieve compliance; identify and organize against an amorphous scapegoat; demand total loyalty to the new orthodoxy; proselytize through personal circles; isolate from old friends and family; and keep the ultimate solution always out of reach. A veteran teacher who requested anonymity, out of fear of reprisals, told me that the big change happened when the new superintendent and equity and inclusion director took over the district. Immediately, the focus shifted from academics to politics, and employees were expected to fall in line with the new ideology. The teacher described one professional-development training that left some of her colleagues in a neighboring school devastated: They had teachers actually crying because of their whiteness.

Which brings us to the last plank in Tigard-Tualatins antiracism program: enforcement. As soon as Un took over as equity and inclusion director, she formulated a new hate speech policy designed not just to prevent truly discriminatory speech but also to pathologize any political opposition to the new order. The cultural cues in the district are clear: teachers must support Black Lives Matter protests and oppose anything that smacks of conservatism.

I almost feel like were walking around on eggshells. You have to be careful what you say, a veteran teacher told me. Im afraid of speaking up for fear I might lose my job. . . . I mean, what would happen if I said Im a conservative Republican Christian? How would that go? When I asked how the new political education program had affected her personally, her voice broke: I dont want go back to work. I dont believe in this. It goes against my faith system. . . . Were all created as equals in Gods sight, and this is just wrong, the way were teaching our children. I dont have to be embarrassed because of my skin color.

Born as a small farming community with the arrival of the Oregon Central Rail Road in 1868, the City of Beaverton has since transformed itself into a busy and prosperous suburb. Commuters fight through traffic to the Nike corporate headquarters on Southwest Murray Boulevard, or to the Intel research laboratories in nearby Hillsboro. Like Tigard, which borders the city to the south, Beaverton is a predominantly white and Asian-American community; just 2 percent of the citys population is black.

Beaverton shares something else with Tigard: its public schools have been consumed by the racial panic following George Floyds death. Building on some of the same pedagogies and educational theories as in Tigard, Beaverton teachers designed and began teaching a new racial curriculum for every grade level, including kindergarten. The general language for these lessons seems innocuous: diversity, empowerment, change-making, culturally responsive teaching. Under normal circumstances, most parents would glance at the syllabus during parent-teacher night and forget about it. This year, however, because of the coronavirus lockdowns and remote-learning requirements, many parents kept closer tabs on their childrens education and were alarmed by what they saw. The curriculum, they discovered, reveals its radicalism in the details.

One family that had moved to Beaverton partly for the citys highly rated public schools sent me a folder of lessons being taught to their third-grade child. The social studies module on race begins innocently enough: the teacher asks the eight- and nine-year-old students to think about their culture and identity and join her in celebrating diversity, set alongside pictures of a world map and cartoons of smiling children. The subsequent lessons become more pointed. The teacher explains to students that race is a social construct, created by privileged white elites who use these categories to maintain power and control of one group over another. This, the teacher says, is racism that can determine real-life experiences, inspire hate, and have a major negative impact on Black lives.

The next module focuses on systemic racism and the history of the United States. The teacher tells the students that racism infects the very structure(s) of our society, including wealth, employment, education, criminal justice, housing, surveillance, and healthcare. To accompany the lesson, the teacher includes a video presentation in which the speaker directly accuses the children of being racist themselves: Our society speaks racism. It has spoken racism since we were born. Of course you are racist. The idea that somehow this blanket of ideas has fallen on everyones head except for yours is magical thinking and its useless. The speaker then tells the students that if they dont convert to the cause, they will affirm the status quo of certain bodies being allowed resources, access, opportunities, and other bodies being literally killed.

The final modules present the solution: students must immerse themselves in revolution, resistance, and liberation. The teacher introduces these principles through photographs of child activists, Colin Kaepernick, the Black Power fist, and Black Lives Matter demonstrations, as well as protest signs reading White Silence = Compliance, Black Lives > Property, AmeriKKKa, and Stop Killing Us. The goal, according to the curriculum, is for students to become change-makers and antiracist in all aspects of [their] lives. They must actively fight white supremacy, white-dominated culture, and unequal institutions, or they will be guilty of upholding these evils. In the concluding lesson, the curriculum instructs the third-graders to do the inner work to figure out a way to acknowledge how you participate in oppressive systems, do the outer work and figure out how to change the oppressive systems, and learn how to listen and accept criticism with grace, even if its uncomfortable.

A parent who emigrated from Iran to the United States told me that the lessons were absolutely unacceptable and reminiscent of the political indoctrination in the Islamic Republic. I moved here because this is America, because of the rights and the opportunities that we have. And this is not where I want my country to go, the parent explained. When I asked about her own childhood in Iran, she became emotional. I remember when we would line up in the morning in an assembly. We had to chant Death to America. I remember being in elementary school and thinking, I dont want to chant this. I have aunts and uncles in America. I dont want them to die. Her husband sent a letter to the Beaverton School District, blasting the curriculum as presenting racist material under the guise of antiracism. (When reached for comment, the Beaverton School District replied that it does not advocate for overthrowing the United States.)

Theyre trying to indoctrinate the children, the father observed. He believes that the intention is to turn child against parent. After the antiracism lessons, his child felt torn between school and family, sometimes crying in confusion. Theyre slowly going to get behind their defenses, get behind the parents defenses, and create little social-justice warriors, the father said. Theyre trying to hyper-empathize and hyper-emotionalize the children in order to get them to be more receptive to . . . some sort of revolution.

The parents decided to pull their child from the social studies program and now hope to transfer to another school next year. Though they were able to opt out of the program for now, they fear that, left unchecked, the campaign to turn children into the pointed sword for revolution could lead to wider social consequences. The mother reminded me that many Iranians initially supported the Islamic Revolution in order to depose the shah and usher in a better world, only to be bitterly disappointed. The revolutionaries promised a new utopia but ended up transforming their country into a tyranny. Im fighting this at the school and even at my work, because I see this country going that way.

Unfortunately, this kind of curriculum is fast becoming the rule in Oregon. In 2017, state legislators passed a bill overhauling the state curriculum and installing a mandatory ethnic studies program that reflects the emergent racial orthodoxy. As a term, ethnic studies is another euphemism that obscures more than it reveals. It connotes a cheerful pride in cultural tradition, but the actual discipline is rooted in cultural Marxism.

According to drafts of the ethnic studies standards, teachers will require kindergartners to learn the difference between private and public ownership of goods and capital and develop understanding of identity formation related to self, family, community, gender, and disability. In first grade, they will learn how to define equity, equality, and systems of power; examine social construction as it relates to race, ethnicity, gender, disabilities, and sexual orientation; and describe how individual and group characteristics are used to divide, unite, and categorize racial, ethnic, and social groups. In third, fourth, and fifth grade, students must deconstruct the U.S. Constitution, uncover systems of power, including white supremacy, institutional racism, racial hierarchy, and oppression, and examine the consequences of power and privilege on issues associated with poverty, income, and the accumulation of wealth.

If the elementary school curriculum sets the premise that the United States is the great oppressor, then the middle school and high school curricula deliver the conclusion. The learning standards read like an old left-wing pamphlet: students must internalize the principles of race-based subversion, resistance, challenge, and perseverance; they must fight against the structural and systemic oppression of capitalism, authority, religion, and government; and they must commit to the pursuit of social justice.

The internal documents for the Oregon Department of Education make it quite clear that the point of ethnic studies is not academic achievement; its social change. Education is the means; politics is the end.

If the cities of Tigard and Beaverton represent the categories of theory and praxis, Portland represents their result: power. In recent years, Portland has emerged as the leading hub of left-wing, Marxist, and anarchist movements. After George Floyds death, Portlands radicals attacked police officers and laid siege to federal buildings. They armed themselves with rocks, bottles, shields, knives, guns, bricks, lasers, boards, explosives, gasoline, barricades, spike strips, brass knuckles, and Molotov cocktails. A year later, many downtown businesses remain closed, and insurance companies have either raised premiums or refused to issue policies because of the ongoing risk of property destruction.

Meantime, Portland Public Schools has institutionalized the philosophy of social justice and codified political activism into every aspect of the bureaucracy. In the districts 2019 Racial Equity and Social Justice Plan, the administration pledged to make antiracism the districts North Star and to create an education system that intentionally disruptsand builds leaders to disruptsystems of oppression. The superintendent hired a new equity czar and announced a Five-Year Racial Equity Plan, which promises a dizzying array of acronyms and academic catchphrases like intersectionality and targeted universalism.

Portland Public Schools has codified political activism into every aspect of the bureaucracy.

Its hard to overstate how entrenched the political ideology now is in the school system. A veteran elementary school teacher who described herself as a longtime liberal told me that the districts antiracist journey began with good intentions a decade ago. But over time, the leadership has hardened antiracist principles into dogma. Today, she and other teachers must submit to mandatory antiracism training each week. From the beginning, we were told that we couldnt question [the antiracism program], she said. I called human resources and asked them if I needed to profess that I believe [in critical race theory] and if I had to teach from this perspective. And I was told that I need to understand it, I need to know all about it, [and] I could probably lose my job [if I didnt teach that way] if my principal is super into making sure that teachers are using this lens as they teach.

In one recent antiracism session, this teacher had to participate in a line of oppression exercise. The trainers lined up the teachers and shouted out various injustices (racism, homophobia, and so on), and asked teachers who would suffer from these harms to step forward. The trainers then divided the room into oppressed and oppressors, with straight white men and women forced to reckon with their identity in the oppressor category. The objective, according to the teacher, was to intimidate white teachers into submission through collective guilt and fear of being labeled a racist.

The ideology of antiracism has permeated every department in the district. Even educators in the English as a Second Language (ESL) program have begun teaching the principles of critical race theory to immigrants and refugees. According to a document that I obtained, ESL teachers are told to develop counterstories to the dominant American culture and to focus instruction on advocacy for racial equity for emergent bilingual/multilingual students. As part of the curriculum, they are asked to teach immigrants that racism in the USA is pervasive and operates like the air we breathe and that civil rights gains for people of color should be interpreted with measured enthusiasm. To combat the pernicious influence of their own Whiteness, the district recommends that white teachers adopt a series of affirmations, beginning with getting to know myself as a racial being and then [deconstructing] the Presence and Role of Whiteness in my life and [identifying] ways I challenge my Whiteness. Finally, after shedding their racial limitations, the teachers can begin the work of interrupting institutional racism and the perpetuation of White Supremacy.

This is a bewildering curriculum decision. Portland has a significant population of immigrants and refugees from countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Guatemala, and El Salvador. These families have escaped some of the most nightmarish conditions in the world, including civil war, genocide, starvation, and grinding poverty. Portland is not perfect, but it is certainly a haven of peace and opportunity for the foreign-born. In my own experience with the Eritrean community in the Pacific Northwest, most families have fled civil war and spent years in refugee camps. They express nothing but gratitude for their new lives in the United States. Yet Portland schools are intent on teaching the children of this community that their adopted country is systematically racist and will deprive them of opportunity.

How does all this translate in the classroom? At Forest Park, Whitman, and Marysville elementary schools, a teacher named Sarita Flores, who runs the information technology program, has transformed her role into that of a political inquisitor. According to leaked internal documents and whistle-blower testimony, Flores holds weekly antiracism sessions in which white teachers are expected to remain silent, honor the feelings of BIPOCblack, indigenous, and people of colorand make space for and amplify BIPOC educators. In presentations resembling Soviet-era struggle sessions, Flores instructs teachers that they must deepen [their] political analysis of racism and oppression and start healing with public apologies about [their] racism and then go back and apologize through an audit through an anti-racist lens. During one of these sessions, Flores hosted an exercise resembling Orwells Two Minutes Hate, in which minority teachers were allowed 90 seconds to berate their white colleagues. During the exercise, Flores denounced one of her white female colleagues by screaming, You make me feel unsafe, you make me feel unsafe repeatedly for 90 seconds. Afterward, Flores boasted on Facebook that she had publicly humiliated a racist, despite providing no evidence of racism or misconduct. It was a pure display of racial dominance. (Flores did not return request for comment.)

For Flores and other teachers in the social-justice wing of Portland Public Schools, the only solution is revolution. During one presentation to teachers, Flores claimed that an educator in a system of oppression is either a revolutionary or an oppressor. In a folder hosted on the district website, Flores shared a meme with teachers that justified the ongoing political violence in Portland: The root cause of every riot is some kind of oppression. If you want to end the riots, you have to end the oppression. If you want to end a riot without ending its root cause, your agenda isnt about peace and justiceits about silencing and control.

Her message to students was similar. In a series of videos delivered to her elementary school students, Flores declared: Black people were used as slaves in the U.S. and therefore students must become justice fighters. At the height of the Portland riots, Flores released another video message telling the children that protesting is when people hold up signs and march for justice. Youve trained for this moment all year: the fight for justice.

By high school, the basic education about skin color and justice fighters turns into advanced race theory and live-action street protesting. At Lincoln High, a wealthy public school with only 1 percent black student enrollment, some students take two full years of critical race studies. The courses, taught by Jessica Mallare-Best, begin with training on racial identity, white supremacy, institutional racism, and racial empowerment, with the goal of providing methods in which students can begin to be activists and allies for change. The following year, students take two semesters of critical race theorystudying white fragility, intersectionality, whiteness as property, the permanence of racism, collective organizing, and being an activist, with an eye toward training them to do [their] part in dismantling white supremacy. The abstract becomes concrete, theory is transformed into action, and the young people of Portland come of age steeped in race analysis and revolutionary logic.

The next step is obvious. Children, endowed with conviction in their own moral purity, head to the front lines. In 2018, Ockley Green Middle School invited police abolitionist Teressa Raiford to hold an assembly on social justice, after which she led hundreds of students into the streets to perform a die-in in the middle of an intersectionwithout seeking permission from or notifying their parents. During the Floyd protests, the teacher- and student-led protests accelerated. Children as young as five held a mock protest at Sabin Elementary School and raised the Black Power fist alongside their teachers. Middle school students in northeast Portland led a public march advocating for defunding the police. High school students marched through a neighborhood in southwest Portlandthe whitest part of the citydemanding that residents provide reparations to blacks.

The conclusion of Portlands educational program is a grim one. More than two millennia ago, Aristotle understood the connection between education and the political regime: That the legislator should especially busy himself about the education of the young would be disputed by no one, as the regime is damaged in cities where this is not done. The young need to be educated to the regime, since the character proper to each regime is what customarily preserves it and establishes it to begin with. In Portland, the educators have abandoned this classical insight and implemented a revolutionary programpedagogy, praxis, powerexplicitly against the regime of the U.S. Constitution. They have discarded Aristotle for Marx and enlisted children as their revolutionary foot soldiers.

Violence has followed. The Youth Liberation Front, one of the most active and violent protest groups in Portland, was founded by teenagers and has recruited hundreds of young people to fight against the American regime. The group is organized into autonomous cells to avoid law-enforcement infiltration and has armed itself with shields, weapons, gas masks, and explosives. The group organized a walkout of Portland high schools and then rioted for more than 100 consecutive nights following George Floyds death. We are a bunch of teenagers armed with ADHD and yerba mate, the group declared on social media. We can take a 5 a.m. raid and be back on our feet a few hours later. Well be back again and again until every prison is reduced to ashes and every wall to rubble. Over the course of the summer, Portland and Multnomah County law enforcement arrested dozens of minors, including members of the Youth Liberation Front, for protest-related crimes, including rioting, burglary, property destruction, throwing rocks and bottles at police officers, brandishing a handgun at a crowd, setting fire to the police union headquarters, and stomping a man unconscious.

Their teachers, too, have immersed themselves in the destruction. Over the course of the summer unrest, police arrested at least five school teachers for riot-related crimes: Rose Addis, an award-winning Portland Public Schools elementary school teacher, was arrested for felony riot, disorderly conduct, and attempting to steal an officers baton; April Epperson, a Portland Public Schools elementary school teacher, was arrested for disorderly conduct and interfering with a police officer; Jacob Soto, a Portland Public Schools middle school band teacher, was arrested for felony riot and interfering with a police officer; Cody Porter, an avowed Communist and Multnomah County school instructor, was arrested for assaulting a federal officer; and Hannah Fewster, a preschool teacher, was arrested for disorderly conduct and interfering with a police officer. All except one were released immediately without bail; according to publicly available directories, at least two of the Portland Public Schools teachers appear to be still employed by the district.

We have reached the strange reality in which the state, through education, agitates for its own destruction.

In one case, the eventual consequence of Portlands bad education was a grisly death. Throughout the summer, a 16-year-old girl armed with a metal baseball bat accompanied her 48-year-old father, antifascist radical Michael Forest Reinoehl, to protests and riots across Portland. In July, the elder Reinoehl was arrested for rioting and possessing a loaded gun in public; at a separate protest, he was shot in the arm during a violent confrontation outside a barall in his daughters presence. As Reinoehl told reporters: I have my daughter here with me because Im trying to give her an education. The fact is, shes going to be contributing to running this new country that were fighting for. And shes going to learn everything on the street. The following month, Reinoehl hunted a Trump supporter through downtown Portland, lay in wait for him behind a parking garage, and then seized him from behind and fired two shots, with one bullet piercing the mans chest and killing him on the spot. Reinoehl fled to Washington State and, after an armed confrontation with law enforcement, was shot and killed by U.S. marshals.

Educators and parents in Portland are playing with fire. They have filled the heads of the young with dark visions of America and then told them to find fulfillment through revolution. But that revolution is devoid of positive values; it is a war of negation, destruction, and death. The child soldiers have been promised a new world from the ashes, but the real outcome, if they get their way, would be a world of ruincold, empty, and salted over. Its hard not to see this as a cynical game: teachers and administrators, ensconced in the public bureaucracy and secured by the public trust, engage in an absurd theater of cultural Marxism, spinning stories about the pedagogy of the oppressed to their privileged, suburban, predominantly white students. For all the talk about liberation and critical consciousness, they are indoctrinating these children in a profoundly pessimistic worldview, in which racism and oppression pervade every institution, with no way out but revolution.

We have reached the strange reality in which the state, through the organs of education, agitates for its own destruction. Educators have condemned the entire structure of the social order and celebrated those who would tear it down. They might get what they wish for, though not in the way they imagine. The ancient Greeks warned about the degeneration of democracy into ochlocracy, or mob rule, which occurs when the populace loses faith in constitutions and the rule of law. The result is anarchy. In Portland, educators are shaping the character of the young into this regime of disorder. When the citys rioters chant Whose streets? Our streets! in call and response, we should heed themand beware of whats to come.

Christopher F. Rufo is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. Sign up for his newsletter here.

Top Photo: The citys adults are indoctrinating children in a profoundly pessimistic worldview, in which racism and oppression pervade every institution, with no way out but revolution. (ALEX MILAN TRACY/SIPA USA/NEWSCOM)

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The Child Soldiers of Portland - City Journal