Une micronation[1], se dit d'une entit cre par un petit nombre de personnes, qui prtend au statut de nation indpendante ou qui en prsente des caractristiques, mais n'est en aucune faon reconnue comme telle par les nations officielles ou par les organismes transnationaux.
Certaines micronations ont de vritables prtentions l'indpendance (Hutt River enclave en Australie, Sealand au large du Royaume-Uni, par exemple)[2], alors que d'autres sont plus fantaisistes ou folkloriques (la Rpublique du Saugeais en France par exemple)[3].
Certains critres rcurrents caractrisent la micronation comme, par exemple:
Gnralement de petite taille (gographiquement et dmographiquement), les micronations se caractrisent le plus souvent par une volont de reconnaissance de leur souverainet, par l'intermdiaire d'mission de passeports, de timbres, de monnaie et de titres de noblesse. Pour la plupart, faute de reconnaissance extrieure, elles n'existent que sur papier ou sur internet. Elles sont la plupart du temps soit le fruit d'une rflexion sur la politique, l'conomie, la diplomatie (et sont dans ce cas-l des jeux ou des crations personnelles), soit des assises pour des activits illicites ou indpendantistes.
La plupart des royaumes africains traditionnels encore existants, aujourd'hui inclus dans les tats africains modernes issus de la colonisation, se retrouvent de facto dans la situation de micronations, alors que leur existence historique est atteste et ancienne. Le royaume Xhosa de Thembu, en Afrique du Sud, qui abrite prs de 2 millions d'habitants, est un exemple. Cette nation, qui n'a plus aucune existence lgale depuis 1885, a eu comme roi Rolihlahla Mand'ela, plus connu sous le nom de Nelson Mandela[5].
Read more:
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- Micronation.org - The Micronation Site [Last Updated On: June 17th, 2016] [Originally Added On: June 17th, 2016]
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