The problem here is that one mans stable hierarchy and proud tradition is anothers tyrannical oppression and ideology.
Introduction
Instead of casting away all our old prejudices, we cherish them to a very considerable degree, and, to take more shame to ourselves, we cherish them because they are prejudices; and the longer they have lasted and the more generally they have prevailed, the more we cherish them. We are afraid to put men to live and trade each on his own private stock of reason; because we suspect that this stock in each man is small, and that the individuals would do better to avail themselves of the general bank and capital of nations and of ages. Edmund Burke inReflections on the Revolution in France: And on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event
Many have been puzzled by post-modern conservatisms distrust of so-called liberal elites and the appeals these liberal elites make to scientific consensus, academic authority, and other rationalistic tropes. Less appreciated is the fact that this animosity on the part of post-modern conservatives has a longstanding basisfar-right priests of reason and logic notwithstanding. Conservatives have long defended tradition as the stored locus of wisdom and insight, which is only to be deviated from with great caution. This is linked to the longstanding conservative skepticism of reasons power to accurately know what is and what should be. The store of insight available to even the most intelligent personalities is so limited that it would be unwise to put faith in its power. This inclination goes back to Edmund Burke, who castigated the rationalistic philosophes of his day for thinking they could simply recreate the world wholesale from the idle speculations of their pens. For authors such as Burke and Michael Oakeshott, the skepticism towards universal reasonand the over-educated intellectuals who swear by itcan lead to flirtations with the virtues of a politics of faith. At its most extreme, in the work of figures such as Joseph de Maistre and Carl Schmitt (and the counter-Enlightenment movements they cheered on), it can trend towards an outright embrace of irrationalism.
The unusual feature of this embrace of tradition is that it is often very hard to tell what insights conservatives think we should glean from it. This relates to another fundamental feature of the conservative mind, which is that it is driven more by what Russell Kirk called an attitude or disposition that is resistant to the changes put forward by liberals and, especially, the political left. As my friend Nate Hochman put itin National Review ,the path to conservatism begins as a knee-jerk reaction to the contemporary Left: a feeling that its assertionsmustbe wrong, with little understanding of exactly why. This means that many of the defenses conservatives put forward of tradition are rationalizing, rather than rationalistic. Conservatives sense that this or that venerable institution or principle, which is being attacked for its prejudices, serves a valuable function, and they, then, set out to justify its existence. This is quite different from liberals and progressives who hold certain first principles to either be self-evident or required for any society to be called just and, then, seek to steer their own in the correct direction.
The Problem with Rationalizing Tradition
The effort to rationalize tradition is understandable. Logic bros notwithstanding, most conservatives have long understood that people often have deep emotional attachments to their shared ways of life and histories. Critics from Kant through to Benedict Anderson have often pointed out that these attachments are not nearly as natural as many suppose; states spend billions of dollars per year inspiring a sense of fidelity and loyalty to their flags. At some level, we are all intuitively aware of this, as the deepening hostility towards government officials and rhetoric implies. But that has never been sufficient to entirely break the spell of non-rational attachments to collective traditions. Moreover, as other thinkers, such as Jordan Peterson, have pointed out, these attachments reflect an even deeper need on the part of individuals for a sense of order in reality. Human life is filled with tremendous precarity, as well as the ultimate threat of total annihilation, which is tied to our existential finitude. Shared tradition provides a partial barrier against the to-and-fros of the world. And tradition cannot be easily replaced by institutional changesor even effective egalitarian economic reforms to spread wealth more evenly to protect individuals against material destitution.
However, the problems with this position are also easy to note. The first is that since conservatism is a disposition or attitude rather than a rational outlook, it will often be forced to play a reactive and defensive role against its opponents. Liberals and progressives will make a case against some institution or principle conservatives cherish, and their opponents will have to respond by building a case for it. This, often, gives conservative intellectualism a frenetic quality, with its advocates raising to a pastiche or even self-contradicting bricolage of principles, data, and even crude appeals to faith. The efforts by fusionists to reconcile an unbridled support for capitalism and freedom with support for social conservatism and religion (when the hedonism and permissiveness of the former will always undermine the latter) are representative. It also means that conservatives are always at a disadvantage. Since liberals and progressives are always on the offense, they need only win a battle once to typically triumph in perpetuity.
Conservatives must always succeed or resign themselves to the institutions and principles being cherished joining others on the ash heap of history. While it is untrue that history moves in one directionand that there cannot be successful counter-revolutionsthe inexorable entropy of existence inclines to change, rather than permanence. Finally, conservative rationalizations often fall into the performative contradictions, which inevitably tar any efforts to reject reasons authority. To demonstrate the limits of reason to challenge hierarchy, conservative intellectuals must inevitably raise rationalizing objectionsor fall into mere dogmatic assertions of fidelity. But if they do this, they also concede that there are ways to assess the value of a tradition; if the tradition is found wanting, there may be a powerful basis for abandoning it. The mere assertion this is the way we have always done things is no argument for its efficacy. People clung desperately to the idea that the sun revolved around the earth, that there were natural slaves, and that God apparently granted a divine right to rule to even the most incompetent monarchs. This brings me to a more crucial point.
Conclusion
More damning is that the conservative disposition can become so attached to order that it comes to support even the most unjust or evil hierarchies, if they provide the only defense against liberal and progressive change. Roger Scruton even acknowledged as such when he pointed out that conservatives will be far more willing to tolerate levels of injustice that are known and acceptable, rather than take their chances with the fickle promises of reform. The problem here is that one mans stable hierarchy and proud tradition is anothers tyrannical oppression and ideology. When the American Founding Fathers mused on the evils of slavery but conceded that changing it would bring too much disruption, they committed a banal act of moral indifference. The rot of this choice corrodes the United States to this day. Joseph de Maistre lambasted the violence of the French Revolution, while nodding approvingly at the possibility of millions of people being killed as divine punishment for beheading their monarch. J.S Mills calls for women to be granted the right to vote and to enjoy status beyond being property of their husbands were lampooned as unnatural (perhaps a reason he infamously claimed Conservatives are not necessarily stupid, but most stupid people are conservatives). Ironically, this point was well-described by F.A Hayek, the libertarian economist in his essay Why I am Not A Conservative:
In the last resort, the conservative position rests on the belief that in any society there are recognizably superior persons whose inherited standards and values and position ought to be protected and who should have a greater influence on public affairs than others. The liberal, of course, does not deny that there are some superior peoplehe is not an egalitarianbut he denies that anyone has authority to decide who these superior people are. While the conservative inclines to defend a particular established hierarchy and wishes authority to protect the status of those whom he values, the liberal feels that no respect for established values can justify the resort to privilege or monopoly or any other coercive power of the state in order to shelter such people against the forces of economic change. Though he is fully aware of the important role that cultural and intellectual elites have played in the evolution of civilization, he also believes that these elites have to prove themselves by their capacity to maintain their position under the same rules that apply to all others.
There is nothing wrong with tradition in and of itself. It is often a source of meaning and stability for individuals in a strange and chaotic world. However, there is also nothing inherently good about it either: whether one means inherited wisdom, or providential arrangements of hierarchy to the benefit of all. A mere attitude fearful of change and rationalizing justifications to avoid it is no basis for preventing important reforms that need to happen.
Matt McManus is Professor of Politics and International Relations at Tec de Monterrey, and the author of Making Human Dignity Central to International Human Rights Law and The Rise of Post-Modern Conservatism. His new projects include co-authoring a critical monograph on Jordan Peterson and a book on liberal rights for Palgrave MacMillan. Matt can be reached atmattmcmanus300@gmail.comor added on twitter vie@mattpolprof
Follow this link:
The Problem with Edmund Burke and Defenders of Tradition - Merion West
- My Friend the Gay Humanist | Esther O'Reilly - Patheos [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2019] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2019]
- Health and wellness fads 2019: What were the trends and what's to come in 2020? - Stuff.co.nz [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2019] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2019]
- I thought to raise a feminist daughter I needed to raise a tomboy. But now we both love Frozen - The Guardian [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2019] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2019]
- The Decline of the Intellectual Dark Web - Merion West [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2019] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2019]
- Professor Loses Position for Committing a Grave Sin: Telling the Truth - The New American [Last Updated On: January 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2020]
- Natalie Wynn's critique of cancel culture (as someone in the midst of being canceled) - Hot Air [Last Updated On: January 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2020]
- Anti-Jordan Peterson professor accused of abuse of power by former colleague, students - The Post Millennial [Last Updated On: January 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2020]
- Atheism's second thoughts - WORLD News Group [Last Updated On: January 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2020]
- Self IMPROVment on the beach at the Reif - Herald Review [Last Updated On: January 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2020]
- North Dakota Game and Fish Department recognizes volunteer hunter and archery education instructors - Grand Forks Herald [Last Updated On: February 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: February 27th, 2020]
- Here's What a Week on the Carnivore Diet Did to This Bodybuilder - Men's Health [Last Updated On: February 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: February 27th, 2020]
- Podcast giant Joe Rogan coming to Tampas Amalie Arena - Tampa Bay Times [Last Updated On: February 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: February 27th, 2020]
- EXCLUSIVE: Update on the health of Dr. Jordan B. Peterson - The Post Millennial [Last Updated On: February 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: February 27th, 2020]
- Japanese Herbivore Men Become Unlikely Heroes of Mens Rights Movement - JAPAN Forward [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- Prof still fighting school's demand to call he a 'she' - OneNewsNow [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- The Fraught Relationship Between Religion and Epidemiology - Merion West [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- Bernie needs to step back and let other progressive leaders flourish especially women - Salon [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- DeSmogBlog: Climate Activist Site Smears Freeman Dyson and Other Scientists - American Council on Science and Health [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- Five hours to change your life with Jordan Peterson - Patheos [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- The carnivore confessions: I've never felt better than on my meat-only diet - The Spectator USA [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- The Critics of Social Justice, from Jonah Goldberg to Jordan Peterson - Merion West [Last Updated On: March 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2020]
- How Joe Rogan and Eric Weinstein Sinned - Thrive Global [Last Updated On: April 9th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2020]
- Bird Droppings: Arizona Cardinals preparing for virtual draft, Jordan Phillips looks to build on career year - Revenge of the Birds [Last Updated On: April 9th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2020]
- Reading in the Age of Coronavirus - Merion West [Last Updated On: April 9th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2020]
- Chris Harris Jr., Named to NFL's All-Decade Team - Kansas Jayhawks [Last Updated On: April 11th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 11th, 2020]
- The Shares Of Graco Are Still Overpriced - Seeking Alpha [Last Updated On: April 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 24th, 2020]
- There Was Only One Player Michael Jordan Feared Playing, According To Former Teammate At UNC - BroBible [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Dave Rubin is out of ideas - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Why are the Pats suddenly betting favorites to land Cam Newton? - NBCSports.com [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Russell Brand And Ricky Gervais Are Just What Your Brain Needs - The Federalist [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Patriots Draft Pick Has Right-Wing Paramilitary Gang Tattoo. But It's OK, He Didn't Know What It Meant - The Root [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Justin Amash could lead conservative reformation - Spring Hope Enterprise [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Watch now: Remembering Michael Jordans 1982 weekend and loss to TU at the Mabee Center - Tulsa World [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Dave Rubin Talks To Shapiro About Learning From Jordan Peterson On Tour - The Daily Wire [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Jordan Peterson and Carl Jung's Worldviews Have Been Greatly Oversimplified - Merion West [Last Updated On: May 4th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2020]
- Congratulation To All 278 Class Of 2020 Graduates - Los Alamos Reporter [Last Updated On: May 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2020]
- Mohamed and the Mountain | Annette Poizner | The Blogs - The Times of Israel [Last Updated On: May 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2020]
- Wisconsin Bars Flooded With Traffic, Or Are They? - TheStreet [Last Updated On: May 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2020]
- Cardinals reportedly have interest in Everson Griffen - NBCSports.com [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- The Indy Book Club: Convenience Store Woman is a gothic love story with a sickly capitalist kink - The Independent [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- Graduation 2020: Westby Area High School - The Westby Times [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- Jonathan Kay: It takes a true artist to find new ways to shock the conscience. Kent Monkman has done that - National Post [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- Patrick Peterson says 2020 Cardinals are, on paper, best team he has been on - Cards Wire [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- Quade Cooper's Carnivore Diet Could Be Your Ticket To Becoming A Shredded Beast But At What Cost? - DMARGE [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- Why Hungarys Viktor Orbn is the American rights favorite strongman - Vox.com [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- The one ACC team Michael Jordan wanted to beat most while at North Carolina - Sporting News [Last Updated On: May 24th, 2020] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2020]
- PGA Tour: Colonial right now wont have fans even though Texas says it... - Golf.com [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- BOOKS Preaching to the converted? - Morning Star Online [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- 'Things fall apart': the apocalyptic appeal of WB Yeats's The Second Coming - The Guardian [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- Patrick Peterson sees 'championship-caliber team from top to bottom' in Cardinals - Cards Wire [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- Jordan Peterson on the Resurrection | Adrian Warnock - Patheos [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- Here are some ways your family can manage the stress of the pandemic - KGUN [Last Updated On: June 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2020]
- Quick Hits: Commish on the Cardinals | St. Louis Cardinals - STLtoday.com [Last Updated On: June 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 20th, 2020]
- New troopers receive badges and take oath for NSP Friday - knopnews2 [Last Updated On: June 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 20th, 2020]
- The best way to teach critical thinking - Daily Trust [Last Updated On: June 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 20th, 2020]
- Speaking truth to power - Winnipeg Free Press [Last Updated On: June 20th, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 20th, 2020]
- Gwich'in Tribal Council election to go ahead this summer - CBC.ca [Last Updated On: June 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: June 21st, 2020]
- What are the Gilbert mayor and council races about? What to know before you vote - AZCentral [Last Updated On: July 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 21st, 2020]
- The One Time Michael Jordan Wore Another Player's Shoes in an NBA Game - Sportscasting [Last Updated On: July 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: July 21st, 2020]
- 5 Celebrities Who Got Really Sick After Going on an All-Meat Diet - One Green Planet [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2020]
- What is cultural Marxism and is it really taking over universities everywhere? - Scroll.in [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2020]
- To My Son: Men Have to Allow Ourselves to Be Loved - The Atlantic [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2020]
- Heiresses on the Barricades - City Journal [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2020]
- Peterson takes three games from Boerne South | Other Sports - Community journal [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- The numbers that prove Meteorettes are something special - Daily Mercury [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- Welcome back, Jordan Peterson we need you more than ever - The Conservative Woman [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- Fagan: LaFrance weaves a tangled web; deception her only path to victory - Must Read Alaska [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- Jordan Peterson Back Home, 'With God's Grace and Mercy' Resumes Life - The Federalist [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- Jordan Peterson and the Return of Solzhenitsyn - Merion West [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2020]
- The Government's Reckless Student Lending is Creating a Budget Hole Akin to the 2008 Crisis, New Analysis Shows | Brad Polumbo - Foundation for... [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2020]
- The ghost of Lady Chatterley's lover protecting today's feeble-minded - Sydney Morning Herald [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2020]
- Publish and be damned. Don't publish and be damned - Sydney Morning Herald [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2020]
- Why Jordan Peterson's Message on Gratitude Is More Important Than Ever | Jon Miltimore - Foundation for Economic Education [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2020]
- Letters to the editor: Jordan Peterson's publisher mustn't give an inch to 'wokeflakes' - National Post [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2020]
- Freedom of speech at universities is not under threat it is actually thriving - The Independent [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]
- Sator Trailer Reveals a Deeply Horrifying Hybrid of Fiction and Fact - Collider [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]
- How to Talk to Your QAnon Family During the Holidays - VICE [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]
- You Can't Beat COVID-19 With Diet, No Matter What the Internet Tells You - Lifehacker [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]
- Hari Kunzru's Novel Red Pill Is a Literary Document of the Age of the Alt-Right - Jacobin magazine [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]
- Stressed times call for reassurance - The New Indian Express [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2020] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2020]