Aircraft Carriers and Battleships Are Legends: Can You Combine Them Into 1 Warship? – The National Interest Online

Key point:It would have been a Cold War dream come true.

In the early1980s, the Reagan Administration was looking to fund high visibility defense programs. Reagan had been elected on a platform of rebuilding the armed services after the hollowing out of the early1970s.

One example was the reactivation of four World War II-eraIowa-class battleships, which started in 1982. Each of the four ships, Iowa, Missouri, New Jersey and Wisconsin was refurbished, their sixteen and five-inch guns brought back online. Each battleship was also equipped with sixteen Harpoon anti-ship missiles,thirtytwoTomahawk land attack cruise missiles and four Phalanx close-in weapon systems (CIWS) for defense.

The four battlewagons were swiftly retired after the end of the Cold War because the manpower-intensive vessels each required a crew of nearly two thousand. That made them early victims of the post-Cold Wardrawdownas the defense budget was sharply reduced. Today, all four serve as memorials or floating museums. Retirement put an end to future upgrades, which might have included the boldest of them all.

In the November, 1980 issue of the United States Naval InstituteProceedings, Captain Charles Myers,USN(retired) proposed reactivating the battleships with significant modifications to the aft section.The proposal envisioned deleting the number three turret near the stern and the three sixteen-inch guns housed in it.

In place of the number three turret would be an extraordinary set of armaments. A V-shaped, ramped flight deck would be installed, with the base of the V on the ships stern. Each leg of the V would extend forward, so that planes taking off would fly past the stacks and ships bridge. Two elevators would bring BoeingAV-8BHarrier II jump-jets up from a new hangar to the flight deck. It was envisioned such a conversion could support up to twelve Harriers.

Thats not all. Existing five-inch gun turrets would be deleted and replaced with 155-millimeter howitzers for naval gunfire support. In the empty space between the V would be a field of tactical missile silos such as the Mk.41.Up to 320 siloscould fit in this space, supporting a mixture of Tomahawk land attack missiles,ASROCanti-submarine rockets and Standard surface-to-air missiles. This massiveloadoutwould dwarf even the 154 Tomahawks found on todaysOhio-class guided missile submarines.

Myers called the vessel the Interdiction Assault Ship. The ship could interdict enemy fleets on the high seas, particularly the Soviet NavysKirov-classnuclear-poweredbattlecruisersthat were then under construction at the Leningrad shipyards. In a wartime scenario, the U.S. Navy worriedKirovbattlecruisersand their formidable missile armament could be used to target American aircraft carriers or devastate convoys of reinforcements headed to Europe.

The Interdiction Assault Ship (IAS) would go after theKirovs, bombarding them with 16-inch guns and Harpoon missiles. Embarked Harrier jump jets could also join in the fight. The ships would be an economy of force measure, allowing aircraft carriers to go about their preassigned wartime duties with minimal distraction.

TheIASalso had a second mission: supporting Marines in an air assault landing. The six remaining 16-inch guns, backed up by the new 155-millimeter guns, could bombard land targets prior to an assault. The Navy and Marines would use the flight deck, in conjunction withIwo Jima-class helicopter landing shipsandTarawa-classamphibious assault ships, to help manage the assault force of anairmobileassault on an enemy-held position.

Under such a concept, theIASwould become part of an air assault staging area. The flight deck could be used as excess space to hold helicopters. The hangar was estimated to be able to accommodate up to 500 Marines. Once ready, the armada of helicopters would take off, escorted by the Interdiction Assault Ships Harrier fighters, which would also provide close air support until Marine artillery could be landed.

Although much discussed, execution of theIASconcept was delayed at least twice. The Department of Defense and the Navy wanted the battleships reactivated as quickly as possible, and as a result they were updated for service with only a minimal baseline of improvements the installation of Harpoon and Tomahawk missiles and the necessary fire control, Phalanx self-defense systems andRQ-2Pioneer drones.

The installation of the flight deck and missile silos would have to wait. They were again suggested in the late1980s, but for one reason or another, mostly coming down to cost and the Cold War winding down, the Navy got cold feet. By 1992 all four ships would be decommissioned.

In hindsight, the Interdiction Assault Ship concept might have had a difficult time fitting in with U.S. military operations in the1980s. Among operations in the Persian Gulf, Grenada, off the coast of Lebanon and Central America, there was no operation in which theIASwas a must-have. An amphibious ship could do the job or a battleship, but a compromise of both with the inherent shortcomings of an compromise would not have brought anything particularly compelling to the table.

TheIASwas a big stick for big wars chasing down theKirovsand other heavy Soviet surface combatants in World War III, supporting U.S. Marines in Norway, then executing the Maritime Strategy and joining the carrier fleets in attacking Soviet bases above the Arctic Circle. In this scenario, theIASsreal innovation a field of 320 missile silos would be a must-have. The ability to fire off salvoes of 16-inch shells and Tomahawk missiles at land targets, especially Soviet air defenses, would have been a godsend to the aircraft carriers and aircrews who would have had to fly combat missions over the Soviet Union.

Today all fourIowa-class battleships are scattered across the United States serving as floating museum ships. New technologies such as lasers andrailgunswill almost certainly spark a new wave of calls for reintroducing the ships with21stCentury technologies. While unlikely in the current fiscal environment, such a possibility shouldnt be completely ruled out. TheIowaclass keeps coming back, and still may yet again.

This first appeared in September 2015 and is being reposted due to reader interest.

Image: DVIDShub.

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Aircraft Carriers and Battleships Are Legends: Can You Combine Them Into 1 Warship? - The National Interest Online