Cloning – Vocabulary List : Vocabulary.com

therapeutic cloning

nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant

Regarding human cloning, scientists and policymakers generally make a distinction betweenreproductive and therapeutic cloning.

making a full living copy of an organism

Reproductive cloning, the process used to create Dolly the sheep, involves implanting anembryo into a females uterus.

a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)

a genetically identical organism derived from a single cell

an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)

Instead, therapeutic cloningfocuses on stem cells and how they develop.

producing new life or offspring

Regarding human cloning, scientists and policymakers generally make a distinction betweenreproductive and therapeutic cloning.

an animal organism in the early stages of growth

After receiving a careful burst ofelectricity, the egg begins to divide into an embryo as if sperm had fertilized it.

in an artificial environment outside the living organism

Kinds of CloningCloning is different from other forms of assisted reproduction, such as artificial inseminationor in vitro fertilization.

relating to the study of heredity and variation in organisms

In 1996, scientists in Scotland created Dolly, a sheep who was an identical genetic copy of her mother.

the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

Officials and citizens around the world are discussing the uses of human cells in medical research and the prospect of reproducing people through cloning.

a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically

Some researchers use therapeutic cloning to understand genetic defects.

the act of planting or setting in the ground

If the implantation is successful, the embryo grows and is bornjust like any other baby.

a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females

Reproductive cloning, the process used to create Dolly the sheep, involves implanting anembryo into a females uterus.

the introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse

Kinds of CloningCloning is different from other forms of assisted reproduction, such as artificial inseminationor in vitro fertilization.

the full DNA sequence of an organism

A 1998 United Nations General Assembly declaration stated that Practiceswhich are contrary to human dignity, such as reproductive cloning of human beings, shall not bepermitted (Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights).

making productive by adding nutrients

Kinds of CloningCloning is different from other forms of assisted reproduction, such as artificial inseminationor in vitro fertilization.

the introduction of semen into the genital tract of a female

Kinds of CloningCloning is different from other forms of assisted reproduction, such as artificial inseminationor in vitro fertilization.

an unborn vertebrate in the later stages of development

Despite thisversatility, stem cells do not themselves have the capacity to form a fetus or a newborn animal(COSEPUP, 2002).

(of illness) marked by gradual deterioration of organs and cells along with loss of function

They also use therapeutic cloning to learn how to renew cells or tissues in people who sufferfrom degenerative diseases or crippling injuries.

the male reproductive cell; the male gamete

In assisted reproduction, the sperm of a male donor is brought togetherwith the egg of a female donor, just like in natural reproduction.

the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus

The outer layer of cellswhich would have grown into the placenta, the meansfor nutrients to pass to a growing fetusis discarded.

in a manner impossible to cure

Obtaining cells and tissues through therapeutic cloning gives agreat hope to a number of incurably ill patients, says Professor Eva Syklov, director of theInstitute of Experimental Medicine of the Academy of Sciences in Prague.

a person who makes a gift of money, property, etc.

In assisted reproduction, the sperm of a male donor is brought togetherwith the egg of a female donor, just like in natural reproduction.

provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to

After receiving a careful burst ofelectricity, the egg begins to divide into an embryo as if sperm had fertilized it.

thinking again about a choice previously made

In 2006, theAustralian parliament overturned a ban on therapeutic cloning, and a five-year ban in Russia isdue for reconsideration in 2007.

the act of making copies

Kinds of CloningCloning is different from other forms of assisted reproduction, such as artificial inseminationor in vitro fertilization.

the state of being capable of producing offspring

Fertility clinics routinely discard these unused embryos.

the study of heredity and variation in organisms

The applications of research, including applications inbiology, genetics and medicine, concerning the human genome, shall seek to offer relief fromsuffering and improve the health of individuals and humankind as a whole (Article 12).

fix or set securely or deeply

Reproductive cloning, the process used to create Dolly the sheep, involves implanting anembryo into a females uterus.

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

The applications of research, including applications inbiology, genetics and medicine, concerning the human genome, shall seek to offer relief fromsuffering and improve the health of individuals and humankind as a whole (Article 12).

give to a charity or good cause

Cell Sources for CloningCurrently, surplus embryos donated by parents undergoing in vitro fertilization are used as asource for stem cells.

any substance that can be metabolized to give energy

The outer layer of cellswhich would have grown into the placenta, the meansfor nutrients to pass to a growing fetusis discarded.

having a wide variety of skills

Despite thisversatility, stem cells do not themselves have the capacity to form a fetus or a newborn animal(COSEPUP, 2002).

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

While the same techniques are used in the initial stages ofboth processes (German National Ethics Council, 2004), they quickly differ in important ways(Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, 2002).

provide physical relief, as from pain

Supporters argue that therapeutic cloning holds great promise to alleviate human sufferingand advance human knowledge.

anything that is cast aside

Fertility clinics routinely discard these unused embryos.

having great diversity or variety

These cells are very versatile: all the specializedcells of the bodybone, blood, nerves, muscles, skindevelop from stem cells.

the principles of right and wrong for an individual or group

While the same techniques are used in the initial stages ofboth processes (German National Ethics Council, 2004), they quickly differ in important ways(Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, 2002).

part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells

They also use therapeutic cloning to learn how to renew cells or tissues in people who sufferfrom degenerative diseases or crippling injuries.

a copy that corresponds to an original exactly

Since that time, scientists in other parts of the world have produced genetic duplicates of such animals as a cow, a mouse, a cat, a dog, a horse, a pig, and even a ferret.

make a copy or equivalent of

Officials and citizens around the world are discussing the uses of human cells in medical research and the prospect of reproducing people through cloning.

a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction

Cloning, by contrast, involvestransferring the genetic material from the nucleus of one adult cell of an organism and placing itinto an egg whose genetic material has been removed.

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

In assisted reproduction, the sperm of a male donor is brought togetherwith the egg of a female donor, just like in natural reproduction.

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

A 1998 United Nations General Assembly declaration stated that Practiceswhich are contrary to human dignity, such as reproductive cloning of human beings, shall not bepermitted (Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights).

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Cloning - Vocabulary List : Vocabulary.com