Ayn Rand, llam a su filosofa, "Objetivismo", describindola como la filosofa para vivir en la tierra. El objetivismo es un sistema integrado de pensamientos, que define principios abstractos en los que el hombre debe pensar y actuar si es que quiere vivir la vida propia de un hombre. En primer lugar, Ayn Rand, present su filosofa a travs de las novelas, ambas best-sellers, "The Fountainhead" (1943), traducida al castellano como "El Manantial", y "Atlas Shrugged" (1957), como "La Rebelin de Atlas". En estas se presenta al hombre como un ser herico, un individuo racional digno de vivir en la tierra, ya que puede lograr lo mejor de s msmo. Posteriormente, present su filosofa en forma de no-ficcin.
METAFISICA:
La realidad, el mundo exterior, la existencia independiente de la conciencia del hombre; independiente de cualquier conocimiento, creencias, sentimientos, deseos o temores. Esto significa que A es A, los hechos son hechos, las cosas son lo que son; y la tarea de la conciencia del hombre es percibir la realidad, no crearla o inventarla. As, el objetivismo, rachaza toda creencia en lo supernatural, y cualquier aclamacin de individuales o grupos que dicen crear su propia realidad.
EPISTEMOLOGIA:
La razn del hombre es completamente competente de conocer los hechos de la realidad. La razn, facultad conceptual, es la facultad que identifica e integra el material provisto por los sentidos del hombre. La razn es el nico medio del hombre para adquirir conocimientos. As, el objetivismo, rechaza al misticismo (no acepta a la fe y a los sentimientos, como medios de conocimiento); y al escepticismo (que proclama la imposibilidad del conocimiento y/o estar seguro de algo). La naturaleza humana: El hombre es un ser racional. La razn, nico medio de conocimiento del hombre, es su medio de supervivencia. El hombre es un ser de conciencia volitiva, por eso el ejercicio de la razn depende de la eleccin de cada individuo. Tu conciencia es lo que sols llamar alma o espritu; y a lo que llams 'libre albedro', es a la libertad que tiene tu mente de pensar o no. Esta es la nica eleccin que tienes. Es la eleccin que controla tadas las otras elecciones que hacs; y determina tu vida y tu caracter . As, el objetivismo, rechaza toda forma de determinismo; la creencia de que el hombre es vctima de fuerzas que escapan a su control (como ser: dios, el destino, los genes, condiciones de nacimiento o econmicas).
ETICA:
La razn del hombre es la nica fuente que le permite juzgar valores y guiarlo hacia la accin. Un estndar de tica correcto es: la supervivencia del hombre como hombre, es decir, lo requerido por su naturaleza para sobrevivir como un ser racional (y, no una momentnea supervivencia fsica como un bruto sin mente). La virtud bsica del hombre es su racionalidad, y sus tres valores fundamentales son: razn, propsito, auto-estima. El hombre es un fin en s msmo, y no un medio para los fines de los dems; debe vivir por su propio propsito, sin sacrificarse para otros o sacrificar a otros para s; debe trabajar por su propio inters racional y lograr su propia felicidad como el propsito moral ms alto de su vida. As, el objetivismo, rechaza cualquier forma de altruismo (que dice que la moralidad consiste en vivir para otros o para la sociedad).
POLITICA:
El principio social bsico de la tica objetivista es que ningn hombre tiene el derecho de buscar valores ajenos por medio de la fuerza fsica. Ningn hombre o grupo tiene el derecho de usar la fuerza fsica contra otros; con exepcin de cuando acta en propia defensa y solo contra quienes inicien su uso. Los hombres deben tratar unos con otros como comerciantes, dando valor por valor, por medio de un libre y mutuo consentimiento y mutuo beneficio. El nico sistema social que erradica de las relaciones humanas, la fuerza fsica, es el capitalismo de laissez-faire (libre comercio). El capitalismo es un sistema basado en el reconocimiento de los derechos individuales, y protege a los hombres de aquellos que inician el uso de la fuerza fsica. As, el objetivismo, rechaza cualquier forma de colectivismo, como lo son, el fasismo y el socialismo. Tambin rechaza la actual 'economa mixta', nocin de que el gobierno debera regular la economa y redistribuir la riqueza.
ESTETICA:
El arte es una re-creacin selectiva de la realidad, acorde al juicio metafsico del artista; es concretizar su visin fundamental de la existencia. Ayn Rand, describe su aproximacin al arte como: "Realismo Romntico": "Yo soy Romntica en el sentido de que presento a los hombres como deberan ser. Soy Realista en el sentido de que los ubico aqu, ahora y en esta tierra". El propsito de las novelas de Ayn Rand no es didctico; es artstico: la proyeccin de un hombre ideal: "Mi propsito, primera causa y desencadenante, es el retrato de Howard Roark o John Galt o Hank Rearden o Francisco d'Anconia como un fin en s msmo, y no como un propsito para un fin posterior".
Dijo uno de los presentes: - Convnceme de que la lgica es til. - Quires que te lo demuestre? - S. - Entonces....es necesario que recurra a una demostracin. Y al ver que el otro asenta le dijo: - Si te engao con sofismas, cmo hars, pues, para darte cuenta? El otro guard silencio. - Ya ves como te das cuenta de que la lgica es necesaria y que, apartndote de ella, ni siquiera puedes llegar a saber si es necesaria o no. Epicteto, Conversaciones, II, 25.
La democracia es dos lobos y una oveja votando sobre que se va a comer. La Libertad es la oveja, armada, impugnando el resultado. Benjamin Franklin
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