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CHICAGO Genome pioneer J. Craig Venter is teaming up with a unit of United Therapeutics Corp. to develop pig lungs that have been genetically altered to be compatible with humans a feat that, if successful, could address the urgent need for transplant organs for people with end-stage lung disease.

Venters privately held company Synthetic Genomics Inc. on Tuesday said it has entered a multiyear deal with United Therapeutics Lung Biotechnology Inc. to develop the so-called humanized pig organs.

The venture is intended to advance United Therapeutics efforts to develop replacement organs grown in genetically altered pigs. According to the companies, about 400,000 people in the United States die each year from various forms of lung disease, and only 2,000 people are saved with a lung transplant.

Prior efforts to use animal organs in people in need of a transplant, known as xenotransplantation, have failed because of differences in the genome that caused organ rejection and blood clots.

Our new collaboration with Synthetic Genomics is huge for accelerating our efforts to cure end-stage lung disease, Martine Rothblatt, chairman and chief executive officer of United Therapeutics, said in a statement.

Humans, pigs and most other mammals share about 90 percent of the same genes. What Venters team will do is to determine which aspects of the pig genome need to be altered to make porcine lungs compatible with humans, avoiding the rejection response that occurs even in human-to-human transplants.

Were going to start with generating a brand new superaccurate sequence of the pig genome, and then go through in detail and compare it to the human genome, Venter, the founder and chief executive of Synthetic Genomics, said in a telephone interview. The goal is to go in and edit and where necessary, rewrite, using our synthetic genomic tools the pig genes that seem to be associated with immune responses, said Venter, who is best known for his role in mapping the human genome over a decade ago and for creating synthetic life in 2010. We want to get it so there is no acute or chronic rejection, he said.

Venters team is tasked with editing and rewriting the pig genome and providing the United Therapeutics group with a series of altered cells. United Therapeutics will take those cells and transplant them into pig eggs, generating embryos that develop and are born with humanized lungs.

If all goes well, Venter thinks his team will be able to deliver the cells in a few years. Testing the humanized organs in clinical trials to ensure they are safe in people will take many more years.

Lungs are the hardest organ to transplant because they are so delicate in structure, Venter says. If the team succeeds in developing humanized pig lungs, hearts and kidneys from these animals may also prove to be suitable for human transplantation.

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