NATO, the UN and democracy: A trio for Trump – The Hill (blog)

Its been a busy week for President Trump. In less than seven days, he has learned that Russia is not our ally and that far from being obsolete, NATO is instead a great alliance and the bulwark of international peace and stability as he declared to NATOs Secretary General during a meeting at the White House on April 12.

That offers hope. To really reduce innocent deaths and violence, Trump could add United Nations peacekeeping, and democracy support to his tutorial. Meanwhile, like a clock stuck on twelve, Trump was occasionally if unwittingly correct about the need for NATO reform.

Yet, NATO was fundamentally designed for an older style of warfare in which the Russians came barreling through the Fulda gap in tanks. NATO is simply not designed for todays murky form of proxy warfare.

Prepositioning weapons in Eastern Europe may offer some deterrent, but weaponry is less decisive than willpower and more creative methods of intervention.

Wars today are likely to mimic the Ukraine where Russian troops mingle with fifth-column separatists, or Syria, where Russian weapons and air support assist Assads troops and murkier forces from Iran and Hezbollah.

A united NATO may deter such incursions, but the Wests admonishment of Georgias President for egging Russia into war in 2008, the failure of Britain and the U.S. to uphold a red line in Syria in 2013, and the weak pushback on Russias seizure of the Crimea the following year have encouraged Russia to continue its strategy.

To do its primary job, NATO must recalibrate, creating tripwires and treaties that serve as deterrents to a new form of warfare that is likely to continue.

Meanwhile, war is no longer the great killer it once was. Battle deaths used to be in the millions, but todays shadowy wars are far less deadly. On average, wars between states kill only about 3,000 people a year today, and despite an uptick in civil war deaths thanks to Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan, civil wars now kill only about 90,000 people a year.

Meanwhile, Mexicos drug cartels killed the same number of people as the violence in Iraq in 2015. More Nigerians and Indians died violently that year than Syrians, and more people died violent deaths in Brazil than in Iraq and Syria combined. The devastation of war is horrific, but 83 percent of violent deaths today occur outside of conflict zones.

From 2010 to 2015, three kinds of violence were responsible for the deaths of more than four times as many individuals as battle deaths from war: Homicide often caused by organized crime; violence among organized groups of citizens, such as paramilitaries and gangs; and violence from terrorists and states killing their own citizens. And the people killed were more likely to be children and ordinary people, rather than professional soldiers or self-proclaimed rebels.

If Trump is truly concerned about the violent, unwarranted deaths of innocent children and it seems he is there is more he can do.

The much-maligned United Nations actually has a strong track record of keeping peace. A RAND study analyzing U.S. and UN missions from the 1960s through 2005 found that two-thirds of those UN peacekeeping missions were successful. They are also cheap: In 2005, the UNs 17 peacekeeping operations, involving 70,000 troops, cost less than one month of U.S. led operations in Iraq. Despite its flaws, peacekeeping contributed to the fact that since the early 1990s, civil wars have been cut in half and from 1993 to 2003, deaths in civil wars reduced by fivefold.

Some of the greatest problems with peacekeeping stem from the Security Councils imposed rules of engagement and the failure of the great powers to provide speedy money for troops. Some of the worlds best conflict scholars estimate that if the peacekeeping budget was increased to $800 million and stronger rules of engagement were mandated, major armed conflict might be halved. The deal-maker-in-chief could get better security for less cost by really focusing on reforming and strengthening the United Nations, building on the work of his predecessor.

Finally, state killings, terrorism and even homicide are all linked by a single thread: rotten governments that extract most of a countrys wealth, favor certain groups of citizens, and leave most of society to fend for themselves.

U.S. democracy assistance has a track record of helping people in such countries help themselves. Thats why Russia hates it and has been funding lobbying efforts in the U.S. to curb the paltry money the U.S. spends helping civil societies. Yet instead of doubling down, the Trump Administration and some Senators are letting Russia divide us internally.

Lifeless infants cradled in their fathers arms and grey-faced toddlers gassed to death should drive America and its allies closer together to fight the deaths of innocents. Seizing the moment to reform NATO and the UN and deepen democracy support could place Trump in the surprising role of statesman.

Rachel Kleinfeld has a doctor of philosophy and master of philosophy fromSt. Antony's College, Oxford and aB.A. from Yale University. She is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her forthcoming boo is on how countries escape immense violence. You can find her onTwitter: @RachelKleinfeld.

The views of contributors are their own and are not the views of The Hill.

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NATO, the UN and democracy: A trio for Trump - The Hill (blog)