ASU professor to study new genome editing tools with NIH Innovator Award – ASU News Now

October 4, 2022

Natalie Diaz loves language.

That love is evidenced by her writing, for which she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry in 2021 for her collection Postcolonial Love Poem.

Its also a part of her heritage. Diaz, an associate professor in Arizona State Universitys Department of English, was born in the Fort Mojave Indian Village in Needles, California, and is an enrolled member of the Gila River Indian Community.

The love for her native Mojave language is the backdrop for Diazs appearance on "Habla Loud," the latest installment in the award-winning "Habla" series on HBO. "Habla Loud," which features celebrities and influential Latinos sharing their stories of being Latino in the United States, will premiere at 8 p.m. Arizona time on Friday, Oct. 7, on HBO Latino.

ASU News talked to Diaz about the show and the work shes done to ensure the Mojave language is preserved.

Editor's note: The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Question: Tell me about your part in the show.

Answer: Something really generous about the series is the way its looking at whats considered Latina, Latino, Latinx. Because identity is always tense. And something thats been really important for me about his (director Alberto Ferrera's) vision and viewpoint of this is that its really constellating a very large community thats also very nuanced. This often happens with Indigenous people as well, and Im included as a Mexican, Spanish person and a Native person in the United States.

The lens that he opened up for me to talk about the language work that I do with my elders at Fort Mojave is really important because language, especially in the Spanish-speaking community, but also in our Native communities (is being lost). ... How do you recover that? And theres some of the really tough things to talk about, like, "Whos fluent, whos not, how much do you know, am I saying it right?" So, it was really lucky that he invited me, and thats where the conversation went.

Q: Ferreras is quoted as saying youre trying to rescue the Mojave language. Is that the case?

A: So, Im from Fort Mojave, which means the military base was there. In order, it was: Spanish explorers, Mormons, the Ives expedition, the railroad. And then as the railroad came in, they built the military base, once we were kind of quieted and broken down. Then the military was able to leave because we were no longer a threat. They turned the military base into a boarding school, and that boarding school (where English was taught) became one of the final and probably most powerful parts of the process of silencing the Mojave language.

They take the language away from the young people so that when they go home, they dont have their language to speak back to their parents. Their parents quit speaking to them in Mojave because they dont understand.

Q: Did you have a sense growing up there that your language was being lost?

A: I only heard my elders speaking it. When I was growing up as a kid, we had our own street version (of Mojave). We would call each other names, tease each other, maybe even say things we thought were curse words, which Mojave actually doesnt have. Otherwise, I only heard my elders speak it. My great-grandmother, who I would take care of, she and my great-aunt spoke it together, so they would close the door when our elders came to visit and have their private conversation, which wed sometimes overhear. Or I learned command phrases, like behave or go outside.

But, yeah, it was clear to me that it wasnt a language spoken by young people. It was a language that felt like it was a part of us, but I didnt quite understand it.

Q: When did you decide that you wanted to rediscover your language?

A: I was out of graduate school. Id left my reservation for the first time to play basketball at Old Dominion University. I thought I needed to be as far away from home as possible. Then I played basketball overseas, had a career-ending knee injury, went back to graduate school and it was after graduate school that I decided to come home. I originally wanted to just gather stories and oral histories, but my tribe asked if I would engage in this language project. I didnt speak the language, but I was able to come back and just work side by side with my elders.

I spent most of my days with them and, in particular, (an elder named) Hubert almost every day. I knew I wanted to write. I knew I had a gift of writing and that I could express myself. That was what kind of made made me decide that I can go and help tell some of the stories that I heard growing up.

Q: What did your work consist of?

A: One of the things that I did was work with my elders to find pathways for them to share the language, because thats the same way that the boarding school took away the opportunity to teach our children a language. Our current society doesnt give elders a lot of opportunity to share. We were doing a lot of recordings audio and video recordings. I learned small but really important things. I would ask, How do we say, Are you hungry? And what they would tell me is we dont ask if youre hungry. We simply feed you. But heres a way that you might express that. I think we forget sometimes that language is not just about the product that comes at the end or the action, but its all of the values included.

Q: How long did the work take, and what was the final result?

A: We have a pretty large archive. I was working with elders individually and recording their stories and turning them over to their families. There are still some projects that we didnt get to (because Hubert recently passed away). However, I have the previous recordings that he did, and a lot of it is still ongoing.

I think some of it was simply revitalizing peoples interest in it. We have a culture center at Fort Mojave that is carrying on some of that work, but losing (Hubert) is a big blow. It really just shifts your mind and makes you think of all thats lost. But also everything that he gave us by opening up to us. I was working with him almost every day for five years. I have so much of the language he gave me streaming through me and in me.

The more difficult part, of course, is in all the things we gather and collect, how do you turn those into dissemination tools? How do you create things? That was what he and I had been working on the last few years, figuring out ways that we might create materials and put them into archives and places where people can access them. We think about language work as being in the past because were looking back toward something lost or a time when it was spoken, but I think what I learned from him is that its actually very much about preparing for the future in which we might speak it again. I think that was a gift I didnt realize until just the last few days when we lost him.

Q: Is it your hope, then, that this has a generational impact in the sense that the Mojave language lives on?

A: Yes. One of the things that he (Hubert) always talked about, and I think a lot about, is things like dreaming and play. We forget the importance of those in terms of language-making, because language becomes so utilitarian that you just expect it, you assume it. You can teach a language in class to students, but if theyre not speaking it, if theyre not teasing each other in it, if theyre not making jokes Really, for the language to be alive, we need to create opportunities for young people to engage in those ways, to be able to text each other in it, or create new stories of their own or new songs, things like that.

I also realize that it took a long time for that silencing to happen. Its going to take a while for it to be heard, more often, more loudly, with joy. So, I think its about now working with people imagining what that future can look like.

Top photo courtesyScott Baxter photography

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ASU professor to study new genome editing tools with NIH Innovator Award - ASU News Now