Scientists: Uh, Earth Flipped Over On Its Side 84 Million Years Ago – Futurism

Take this, flat-Earthers: The entire planet rolled over on its side 84 million years ago, before correcting itself and flopping back up.

Or so goes the argument of a new paper published in Nature, attempting to once and for all settle the debate over whats called true polar wander, which is the process by which a planet or a moons various layers shift around, resulting in the location of said planets or moons magnetic poles wandering around.

If youre worried that it takes being a galaxy-brained bong rip of a human to understand this concept, we can assure you: Yes. But well do our best to explain.

So, Earth: Its made of a few layers, right? Youve got your center, a solid metal core at the very center, and surrounding that, a liquid metal core which together are responsible for the planets magnetic field. Around that comes the mantle, about 1,800 miles thick, made of rock, but softer than the metal core. Its pretty stable, but over thousands of years, it can shift around like a viscous liquid (think glue, honey, or taffy). Above that mantle, youve got the Earths crust, which is what you live on top of, right now. If the planet were a cake you sliced into, the mantle wouldnt even be the frosting, but a dusting of powdered sugar that makes up less than 1percent of the total volume. And you already know these layers can move around, which accounts for earthquakes (tectonic plates shifting) and continental drift (the continents moving around over time).

What the international team of scientists behind the new research are proposing is that 84 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period, the entire mantle and crust was rotating around that liquid core, and got so ass-over-teakettle that if you an infinite celestial time-space being with nothing better to do than watch planets looked at Earth from space for several million years, it wouldve looked like we tipped over on our side, and then, went back.

And how, exactly, did they figure that one out? The answer is in geology. This is the coolest part: The positions of Earths magnetic poles can be reflected via the magnetism of certain rocks on the planet (or paleomagnetic data). And by examining fossils and not just any fossils, but fossils of bacteria, which include the mineral magnetite, the most magnetic of all the elements on Earth. Tracking those rocks down wasnt easy, but they found some in central Italys Apennine Mountain range, smack in the middle between Rome and Florence, which is where Caltech and Tokyo Institute of Technologys Joe Kirschvink and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics in Beijings Ross Mitchell went hunting. Fun fact: Rocks in the area that werent as old as the ones used in this study once helped scientists prove out theories about asteroids that killed the dinosaurs.

And, sure enough, the rocks show something like a 12 degree tilt in of the planet 84 million years ago. Then it seemingly righted itself again, for a grand total of something like 25 degrees of tilt over 5 million years.

As for the practical implications of knowing the Earth wobbled like a dumb drunk eons ago, only to right itself? Well, they think true polar wander may be responsible for the Ice Age, but moreover, its yet another thing to rub in the face of the dumbest people you know, Flat-Earthers, or to explain to everyone at your next dinner party, smug and secure in knowing that you understand how one goes about using paleomagnetic data in this world. Beyond that, its yet another step in understanding the mysteries of our existence as quite literally demonstrated by this godless rock that refuses to die.

Read More: Did the Earth tip on its side 84 million years ago? [Tokyo Institute of Biology]

Original Paper: A Late Cretaceous true polar wander oscillation [Nature]

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Scientists: Uh, Earth Flipped Over On Its Side 84 Million Years Ago - Futurism