Daily Archives: June 3, 2024

How we can understand our universe through math – Astronomy Magazine

Posted: June 3, 2024 at 8:59 pm

Albert Einstein was already a recognized physicist when he published his theory of general relativity, or gravitation, in 1916. Three years later, he catapulted into an international celebrity when relativitys first experimental proof came from a solar eclipse. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

In the past quarter century, astronomical observations have led to discoveries that have literally transformed our conception of the universe.

One such transformation occurred in 1998, when dark energy a mysterious force thought to be driving the accelerated expansion of the cosmos was discovered. Researchers measured that acceleration through observations made by observatories including the Hubble Space Telescope of roughly 50 type Ia supernovae, the explosions of white dwarfs, which always occur under the same conditions and thus always have the same brightness, regardless of distance. What astronomers saw was that more distant supernovae of this kind appeared dimmer than expected, indicating they were farther away than they should be and hence, the universes expansion is accelerating. Astronomers have subsequently determined that dark energy is the main thing there is, comprising about 70 percent of the universes total mass-energy content.

Another transformation in our view of the universe: In 2015, gravitational waves produced by the violent collision of two distant black holes were intercepted for the first time by the LIGO Observatorys twin detectors in Louisiana and Washington. Each of these L-shaped instruments has arms 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) long, with mirrors on each end. They are sensitive enough to perceive minute variations in distance between those mirrors of just 1/10,000 the width of a proton.

And in 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope a coordinated network of radio telescopes spread across the globe released an image of the silhouette of a giant black hole (with a mass of 6.5 billion Suns), located in the middle of the M87 galaxy 55 million light-years away.

These were all incredible accomplishments, the products of tremendous ingenuity and mind-blowing technology, which allowed measurements of unparalleled precision. Spectacular as these achievements were, there is another way to learn about the universe that has, in many instances, been equally potent. This approach does not require billion-dollar facilities or cutting-edge technical wizardry. In fact, it can often be carried out with a paper and pencil and, sometimes, not even that, as a portion of this work can be carried out by pure thought.

The magical tool were referring to here is mathematics a subject taught to children as young as those in kindergarten and even preschool. Many of us are familiar with arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and perhaps even calculus, yet may not appreciate the broad sweep and power of mathematics.

Lets consider the three discoveries discussed above, starting with dark energy. In November 1915, Albert Einstein presented equations for his new theory of gravity, called general relativity. In 1917, he published work applying this idea not only to the motions of planets around the sun, but to the universe as a whole a notion that contributed immensely to the field of cosmology. But for his equations to make reflect the current state of the universe, Einstein needed to insert an additional term representing a repulsive force, called lambda (), to keep the universe from collapsing in on itself due to gravity. For physicists and mathematicians who work with these equations today, lambda represents dark energy.

Although he was working some 81 years before the discovery of dark energy, Einsteins additional term allowed scientists over the intervening years to mathematically experiment with a range of possible universes universes that expand or contract, alternate between the two, or just stay the same (the option that Einstein originally subscribed to). In the 1920s, astronomers including Edwin Hubble secured evidence that our universe was indeed expanding. And by the late 1990s, a new generation of investigators had revealed that this expansion is getting faster and faster.

Gravitational waves were also predicted by Einstein, who did so in 1916, based on the equations of general relativity hed formulated a year earlier. However, he doubted that such waves could actually be detected. In work carried out in the 1950s and 60s, mathematician Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat proved that Einsteins equations can give rise to gravitational waves and that such waves travel at a finite speed the speed of light. Some of Choquet-Bruhats ideas were later used to figure out what a gravitational-wave signal would look like knowledge that contributed to their successful detection, which was announced in 2016 after a year of careful vetting, 100 years after Einsteins initial prediction.

You may be sensing a trend here, and black holes dont buck it. Although they had been first described in 1793, it wasnt until a couple of months after the publication of Einsteins 1915 paper introducing the equations of general relativity that physicist Karl Schwarzschild found a mathematical solution that showed what space (or actually space-time, the four-dimensional fabric of the universe) would look like both outside and inside a non-rotating spherical star. Schwarzschild showed that if enough mass were packed into a small enough radius, the density and pressure at the stars center would approach infinity. He had described, at least on paper, an object that 52 years later would come to be called a black hole.

In 1963, mathematician Roy Kerr solved the Einstein equations for rotating black holes the kind of black holes that occur in nature, a no celestial bodies that we know of are completely motionless. Two years later, mathematician Roger Penrose demonstrated, through an argument based on geometry and the related field of topology, the conditions that give rise to singularities places such as the centers of black holes, where conditions are so extreme that known laws of physics break down.

Seeing is believing, as the saying goes, and in 2019, scientists released the first picture of a black holes immediate exterior, a finding that silenced most of the remaining skeptics. Astronomers today study black holes across the universe, while mathematicians are gaining further insights about these enigmatic entities. Researchers have shown, for instance, that its theoretically possible for black holes to exist in higher dimensions than the four of our familiar space-time, as well as have bizarre, exotic shapes. Two mathematicians have recently proven that so-called extremal black holes, which have the maximum spin or maximum charge allowable and do not give off Hawking radiation, can exist in nature despite a law developed 60 years ago by physicists John Bardeen, Brandon Carter, and Stephen Hawking that ruled them out. This speaks to the fact that laws in physics can be overturned, whereas rigorously proven mathematical theorems can last forever.

Its probably worth ending on a few words about the equations at the heart of all this. The gravitational theory Einstein put forth 109 years ago was truly revolutionary, putting forth a concept of the universe wholly different from the one it supplanted. According to Einsteins theory, gravity was not an attractive force conveyed through some unknown mechanism between massive objects, as imagined by Isaac Newton in the late 1600s. Instead, massive objects like the Sun, Einstein said, curve space-time around them, and it is this curvature that keeps smaller objects (say, our solar systems planets) within their gravitational sway. The curvature of a surface defines its precise shape or geometry. Einstein used that concept to show that the force we call gravity a phenomenon that sculpts the universe on the largest scales is actually a consequence of geometry. Expressed more simply, one might say that gravity is geometry.

That statement alone should provide some indication as to the influence and scope of mathematics. Math is far more than just the language of the physical world, as is often said. Rather than using math to describe the physical world, were coming to realize that the physical world, at its core, is fundamentally mathematical.

As to why thats the case, we may never know. But its a mystery that will not dissuade mathematicians from pursuing their craft and uncovering more secrets along the way.

Steve Nadis (a former Astronomy contributing editor) and Shing-Tung Yau (a professor of mathematics at Tsinghua University and an emeritus professor at Harvard University) are coauthors of The Gravity of Math: How Geometry Rules the Universe (Basic Books, 2024).

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Padres’ Tucupita Marcano facing lifetime MLB ban after allegedly betting on Pirates games while with team – New York Post

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Major League Baseball is facing another potential gambling controversy.

Months after Shohei Ohtanis longtime interpreter was charged with stealing $16 million from the Dodgers superstar to pay off sports gambling debts, MLB is investigating injured Padres infielder Tucupita Marcano for violating baseballs gambling policy with the possibility of a lifetime ban, according to a report Monday by the Wall Street Journal.

The 24-year-old Marcano has been accused of betting on games involving the Pirates, his former team, while he was on the injured list with Pittsburgh last season. The Venezuela native was claimed off waivers by the Padres in the offseason, but he hasnt played since last July due to a torn ACL.

Four other players also are facing possible disciplinary action for betting on baseball while in the minor leagues, according to the report.

Marcano declined comment to the Journal through his representative, as did MLB and the MLB Players Association.

We are aware of an active investigation by Major League Baseball regarding a matter that occurred when the player in question was a member of another organization and not affiliated with the San Diego Padres, the Padres told the outlet in a statement. We will not have any further comment until the investigative process has been completed.

The NBA banned Raptors forward Jontay Porter in April for violating that leagues gambling policy, specifically for providing inside information to bettors and limiting his own playing time for betting purposes.

After Ohtanis former interpreter, Ippei Mizuhara, reached an agreement to plead guilty last month, it was reported that MLB also is investigating Angels infielder David Fletcher, Ohtanis former teammate, for allegedly betting on sports with the same illegal bookmaker.

Pete Rose received a lifetime ban in 1989 after he was found to have placed bets on the Reds to win from 1985-87 while playing for and managing the team.

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Padres' Tucupita Marcano facing lifetime MLB ban after allegedly betting on Pirates games while with team - New York Post

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Best binoculars 2024: Top picks for stargazing, wildlife, birding and more – Space.com

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Best binoculars 2024: Jump Menu

With a pair of the best binoculars, you'll be ready to view distant wildlife and sporting events in bright clarity. A good pair can even be taken stargazing, although those looking to use them for this purpose will want to look for large front lenses (known as the objective lens diameter) to soak in as much light from distant stars as possible, along with high magnification to bring celestial objects into focus.

At Space.com our experts know what they like in a pair of binoculars in terms of specs and features, and we've tested them out in the field to bring you all the best options for all different purposes and budgets. A quality pair of binoculars will be comfortable to hold, easy to transport (even more so with the best compact binoculars) and safe to use in all weather conditions. You'll find nothing less in this guide.

Binoculars tend to be more portable and affordable than telescopes, making them a good choice for casual stargazing and wildlife watching. Those who plan to get more serious about their stargazing will benefit from investing in one of the best telescopes, and for those who want to photograph the night sky, we also have guides to the best cameras for astrophotography and best lenses for astrophotography.

If you're looking to get your kids involved, we also have a guide to the best binoculars for kids that are suited to smaller hands.

Dr Gemma Lavender

A contributing expert to Space.com, Live Science,All About Spaceand more, Gemma is the author of several books including 'Quantum Physics in Minutes'. She holds a degree in physical sciences, a Master's in astrophysics and a PhD in computational astrophysics and became fellow of theRoyal Astronomical Societyin 2011. Gemma is also the Communications and Outreach Office at theEuropean Space Agency.

Best binoculars overall

Canon 10x42L IS WP binoculars

Best binoculars overall

The finest stargazing binoculars money can buy with in-built stabilization. As close to perfection as youll get for handheld astronomy.

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Best for affordable stargazing

Celestron Nature DX 12x56

Best for affordable stargazing

They offer bright and clear views, with a wide aperture for gathering light and magnification that is excellent for stargazing and wildlife spotting.

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Best binoculars under $300

Celestron TrailSeeker 8x42 binocular

Best binoculars under $300

The TrailSeeker 8x42s minimalist design makes them a hugely more attractive option than large and heavy deep-sky astronomy-centric binoculars.

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Best budget binoculars

Celestron UpClose G2 10x50 Binocular

Best budget binoculars

Best thought of as a great value pair of entry-level binoculars for all-round use and for occasional night sky views.

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Best for moon views

Celestron SkyMaster Pro 15x70 Binocular

Best for moon views

These binoculars give a superb stargazing experience at a reasonable price. Fantastic magnification for lunar viewing.

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Best mid-range model

Vortex 10x50 Crossfire HD Binocular

Best mid-range model

The pair you need if a wide field of view and a good sturdy build quality top your brief.

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Best family binoculars

Surprisingly good optics make these attractive to adults and kids alike. Considering what and who they're for, for the price, they're hard to beat.

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Best for magnification

Celestron SkyMaster 25x100 Binocular

Best for magnification

See the universe close up and in stereo, but dont plan to hike with them as they're big and heavy.

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Best binoculars overall: The finest stargazing binoculars money can buy with in-built stabilization

Magnification: 10x

Objective lens diameter: 42mm

Field of view: 6.5-degrees

Eye relief: 14.5mm (0.57-inch)

Weight: 39.2 oz / 1.1kg

Optical Image Stabilizer

Rugged build quality

Lots of eye relief

Bulky size

Lens caps are loose

AAA batteries required

Buy it if

You want the best of the best:Other than price and size, we really couldn't find major fault with these binoculars we gave them 5 stars in our review.

Don't buy it if:

You're a casual user:These are an expensive pair of powerful binos, so if you only ever do casual stargazing or wildlife spotting, they'll be overkill.

You want a lightweight binocular:These are undeniably heavy and bulky, so if weight is important to you, we'd suggest looking elsewhere.

The bottom line

Canon 10x42L IS WP binoculars: They're not perfect, but theyre as close as youll get for hand-held astronomy. They're an outstanding choice for super-steady stargazing thanks to their image stabilization, waterproof design and large objective lenses.

For hand-held astronomy, the Canon 10x42L IS WP binoculars are among the very best you can get. Their standout feature is Canon's Optical Image Stabilization (IS). This clever technology uses gyroscope motion sensors to detect arm movement and a vari-angle prism to correct it by up to 0.8 degrees. With the push of a button, you can eliminate hand shakes and get a steady image, perfect for long viewing sessions when your arms might get tired.

These binoculars use premium L-series glass with Canon's multi-layered anti-reflective lens coating (known as 'Super Spectra') to increase light transmission and reduce lens flare for a bright and clear view that offers accurate color reproduction. The view we got through these binoculars during our Canon 10x42L IS WP binoculars review is incredibly sharp with no chromatic aberration, which is just what you need for observing pin-point stars.

The downside of these high-tech binoculars is that the IS system is quite power-hungry, so it's worth making sure you take plenty of spare AAA batteries along on your trip. We also weren't wholly satisfied with the accessories provided with these binoculars, especially considering the price point. We found that the one-piece lens caps struggled to stay in place, and we thought the carry case was a bit basic and flimsy, so you might want to upgrade it. But overall, these are still the best stargazing binoculars on our list thanks to the astronomy-centric glass and clever image stabilization feature.

Today's best Canon 10x42L IS WP deals

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Best optical performance: Some of the best optics on the market in an easily transportable roof prism design

Magnification: 10x

Objective lens diameter: 42mm

Field of view: 6.9-degrees

Eye relief: 17mm (0.67-inch)

Weight: 1.5 oz / 680g

Highly portable

Sharp views across the whole field of view

No image stabilization

Negligible color fringing

Buy it if

You want some of the best on the market:If you're prepared to pay for them, these binoculars will last you for years to come and provide stunning optical performance and a premium finish.

Don't buy it if:

You specifically want image stabilization: This may be the only thing missing from this pair of binos, so if that's important to you, there are other options out there that do have it.

The bottom line

Nikon Monarch HG 10x42A premium package that comes at a premium price though not ideal for beginner binocular users unless you have deep pockets or a real passion for wildlife or a similar interest that you plan on pursuing for years to come.

In our Nikon Monarch HG 10x42 review, we loved these so much that we found them hard to fault. These binoculars have excellent optics, with almost no color distortion. This is because Nikon uses special coatings on all glass parts and includes Extra-low Dispersion (ED) glass. They also have a wide field of view and technology that keeps the entire image sharp, making them ideal for wildlife watchers.

These binoculars have a slim design with a roof prism, making them sleek and easy to carry in a coat pocket or around your neck. Even though they weigh 680g, they are comfortable to use for long periods because of the soft and comfortable neck strap.

While they do come with a higher price tag because of their exceptional optics and quality finish, we believe they provide excellent value for those who can afford them. These binoculars are completely waterproof and fog-resistant because they're sealed and filled with nitrogen. You can feel confident using them in any weather, indoors or outdoors, making them especially useful for your stargazing sessions.

Today's best Nikon Monarch HG 10x42 deals

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Best for affordable stargazing: A wide aperture and 12x magnification make these excellent for observing the cosmos

Magnification: 12x

Objective lens diameter: 56mm

Field of view: 5.5 degrees

Eye relief: 16mm (0.63-inch)

Weight: 36.2 oz / 1028g

Excellent build quality

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Best binoculars 2024: Top picks for stargazing, wildlife, birding and more - Space.com

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Sports betting roundup: Celtics open as NBA Finals favorites, Panthers narrow picks for Stanley Cup – The Caledonian-Record

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Sports betting roundup: Celtics open as NBA Finals favorites, Panthers narrow picks for Stanley Cup - The Caledonian-Record

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Report: San Diego Padres player Tucupita Marcano under MLB investigation for allegedly betting on baseball – ABC 10 News San Diego KGTV

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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) Major League Baseball is investigating allegations that current Padres infielder Tucupita Marcano bet on baseball while he was a member of a different organization, the Wall Street Journal reported Monday.

According to the WSJ report, Marcano was a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates during the 2023 season when he allegedly placed bets on games involving the team.

Details on the depth of the accusations against the 24-year-old Marcano were not immediately released, but the WSJ, citing people familiar with the matter, reported Marcano could face a potential lifetime ban from MLB if its determined he violated the leagues sports gambling policy.

At the time of the alleged betting, Marcano was on the Pirates' injured list. His last Major League game was July 24, 2023, and it was during that contest in which Marcano suffered a serious knee injury that kept him out of action for the remainder of the season.

In a statement, the Padres said: "We are aware of an active investigation by Major League Baseball regarding a matter that occurred when the player in question was a member of another organization and not affiliated with the San Diego Padres. We will not have any further comment until the investigative process has been completed."

Marcano, originally signed by San Diego as a teenager in 2016, was traded to the Pirates in July 2021.

The Padres reacquired Marcano in Nov. 2023 when they claimed him from the Pirates off waivers.

As of June 3, Marcano was listed on the Padres' 40-man roster. He has not played in a game this season as he continues to recover from injury.

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Report: San Diego Padres player Tucupita Marcano under MLB investigation for allegedly betting on baseball - ABC 10 News San Diego KGTV

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June brings earliest solstice in 228 years, plenty of astronomical sights – UPI News

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June's warm, summery nights are the shortest of the year across the Northern Hemisphere, but there will still be plenty of astronomical sights to look for after the sun has set, especially during the second half of the month.

Some people are touting the parade of planets on June 3, when six planets will be in the same area of the sky. However, only two of them will be visible to most observers. An even more impressive cosmic alignment is in the offing later in the month when more planets can be seen with the crescent moon.

From views of the planets to the Strawberry Moon, here are the top three astronomy events to look for throughout the month.

Astronomical summer will kick off on the solstice, which takes place at 4:50 p.m. EDT on Thursday, June 20. This comes nearly three weeks after the beginning of meteorological summer, which starts on June 1.

This year features the earliest summer solstice since 1796 when it occurred at 1:45 p.m. ET on June 20. On that day, there were only 16 states in the United States, and Neptune and Pluto had yet to be discovered.

Summer is the longest season of the year, lasting 93 days, 15 hours and 52 minutes, concluding at 8:43 a.m. EDT on Sept. 22 on the autumnal equinox.

The second night of summer will give rise to a full moon, the first of four during the season.

June's full moon is commonly called the Strawberry Moon as it is typically the best time of year to harvest strawberries across North America. Other nicknames include the Hot Moon, the Hatching Moon and the Birth Moon.

The best planetary alignment of the month will take place during the final weekend of June and will require people to wake up well before the first morning light.

The crescent moon will fall in line with Saturn, Mars and Jupiter in the eastern sky before sunrise on June 29. All four celestial objects are bright enough to see without a telescope, although a cloud-free sky will be necessary to spot the alignment.

Stargazers who are up early and have a telescope may also be able to spot Uranus, which will appear between Mars and Jupiter, and Neptune, which glows faintly to the left of Saturn.

An encore of the alignment will unfold on June 30, and it could be even better on July 1, when the moon appears extremely close to Mars.

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June brings earliest solstice in 228 years, plenty of astronomical sights - UPI News

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Sports betting roundup: Celtics open as NBA Finals favorites, Panthers narrow picks for Stanley Cup – News-Press Now

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Sports betting roundup: Celtics open as NBA Finals favorites, Panthers narrow picks for Stanley Cup – Post Register

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Stanley Cup Final Betting Preview: Oilers vs. Panthers – SGPN

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The Stanley Cup Final is set! The Florida Panthers and Edmonton Oilers both won their respective Conference Finals series in six games to advance to the Cup Final. Both teams trailed 2-1 in the Conference Finals before ripping off three straight wins to win the series. Lets get right into our Stanley Cup Final betting preview with odds, picks, predictions, and more in what should be a great series between the Oilers and Panthers.

CHECK OUT THE SPORTS GAMBLING PODCASTS DAILY BEST BETS

Florida Panthers (1A) vs. Edmonton Oilers (2P)

Game 1:Oilers at Panthers June 8, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) Game 2:Oilers at Panthers June 10, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) Game 3:Panthers at Oilers June 13, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) Game 4:Panthers at Oilers June 15, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) *Game 5:Oilers at Panthers June 18, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) *Game 6:Panthers at Oilers June 21, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS) *Game 7:Oilers at Panthers June 24, 8 p.m. (ABC, ESPN+, SN, CBC, TVAS)

Florida Panthers (-130) | Edmonton Oilers (+110) Panthers -1.5 Games (+160) | Oilers +1.5 Games (-190) Over 5.5 Games (-190) | Under 5.5 Games (+155)

The Panthers are slight favorites here in the Stanley Cup Final with -130, implying a 56.52% chance of victory. The Oilers have an implied 47.62% chance at +110.

The Florida Panthers have yet to face elimination in these Stanley Cup Playoffs. They went up 3-0 against the Lightning before advancing in Game 5, took down the Bruins in six games after losing Game 1, and did the same to the Rangers after losing Games 2 and 3.

On the flip side, the Oilers faced elimination twice in one series this postseason. They took care of the Kings in five games but faced a 3-2 deficit against the Canucks in the second round. However, Edmonton came back strong to finish off Vancouver in Games 6 and 7. Of course, the Oilers prevailed over the Stars in the Western Conference Final in six games.

This should be an intense Stanley Cup Final between two teams with different styles of play.

The Oilers have two of the best players in the world in Connor McDavid and Leon Draisaitl, and they rely heavily on them. McDavid (31 points) has a point on just under half of the Oilers 63 goals this postseason. The top power-play unit of McDavid, Draisaitl (28 points), Evan Bouchard (27), Ryan Nugent-Hopkins (20), and Zach Hyman (18) lead the way for the top-heavy Oilers.

The Panthers, on the other hand, have a more balanced attack. Seven players have at least 10 points in the postseason, with Matthew Tkachuk (19), Carter Verhaeghe (17), and Aleksander Barkov (17) leading the way. Florida tends to control possession and play, limiting the opposition to just 2.17 expected goals per 60 minutes at 5-on-5 play.

In fact, Florida has the best xGF% in the playoffs at 55.02%, while Edmonton is just under 50%. Teams have been able to control play against the Oilers at 5-on-5, but their lethal power playand even better penalty killhas given them the edge.

Florida has been playing playoff-like hockey for over a year now. The Panthers got hot to make it into the playoffs last year and went on a Cinderella Run to the Stanley Cup Final.

Its the high-powered offense of Edmonton against the stout defense of Florida in the Stanley Cup Final. Hows that old saying go? Defense wins championships.

Stanley Cup Final Pick: Panthers (-130)

Stanley Cup Final Prediction: Panthers in 6 (+500)

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Lottopar brings Paran’s experience in regulating sports betting to an event in Chile – Games Magazine Brasil – Games Magazine Brasil

Posted: at 8:59 pm

Held on May 29 and 30 in Santiago, Chile, the 4th edition of CGS Santiago brought together key figures from the Latin American sports betting market. During the event, Lottopar President Daniel Romanowski highlighted Paran's role in regulating the sector and the main initiatives of the state lottery that contribute to this market in a secure and responsible manner.

In the panel, the steps taken to structure Lottopar's operations were presented to the participants of CGS Santiago. The first action was the procurement of a management platform and payment methods at no cost to the state, followed by the launch of a public notice for accreditation and the concession of fixed-odds betting, known as "bets."

Romanowski also mentioned the accreditation of testing and certification laboratories and the concern of the state lottery to communicate to the population, through educational tools and campaigns, that games are primarily an entertainment option where responsible gaming should be part of the daily routine of bettors.

Participating in this event was an excellent opportunity to showcase to Latin America the advances made by Paran in the sports betting market. We are projecting the name of our state and Lottopar to this expanding industry, said Daniel Romanowski, President of Lottopar.

We are conveying confidence in operating in a jurisdiction with a regulated market, respect for legislation, legal security, and a portfolio of lottery solutions that provide safe entertainment in a state lottery with pioneering initiatives that increasingly establish itself as a reference in the sector, he highlighted.

Source: GMB

Originally posted here:

Lottopar brings Paran's experience in regulating sports betting to an event in Chile - Games Magazine Brasil - Games Magazine Brasil

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