Monthly Archives: April 2024

How often can you say you had an exclusive first look at an object being sent into deep space? That was the opportunity attendees had at the Opening Session of the 2024 SXSW Conference.

Director of NASAs Science Mission Directorates Planetary Science Division, Lori Glaze, and the 24th Poet Laureate of the United States, Ada Limn, took to the SXSW stage on March 8 to unveil a piece of history that will be aboard NASA's Europa Clipper. The goal of this NASA rover is to determine whether Jupiter's second moon, Europa, could support life.

Ada Limn spoke about the similarities the arts share with space and how there is beauty and surrender in exploring the unknown.

Since the beginning of space exploration, inspirational messages have traveled aboard NASA spacecrafts. In keeping with this tradition, Limn's poem will be riding along with the Europa Clipper as well as engraved designs representing recordings of the word "water" in a diverse collection of human languages, co-signatures from over 2.6 million people from around the world, and more.

Embrace the mystery with Limn and Glaze. Watch the entire Opening Session, Explore Space & Poetry With NASA & Poet Laureate Ada Limn, below and experience the moment Limn shares a piece of history that is set to launch into deep space in October 2024.

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Explore Space and Poetry with NASA and Poet Laureate Ada Limn - sxsw.com

Chris Carberry is CEO of Explore Mars, Inc. and author of "The Music of Space" and "Alcohol in Space." Joe Cassady is Director, Civil Space at L3Harris as well as Executive VP of Explore Mars, Inc. They contributed this article to Space.com's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.

The United States appears to be entering the golden age of space exploration. Over the past few years, the nation has conducted an unprecedented number of launches, countless space hardware developments, and notched innumerable other milestones. Nevertheless, despite these accomplishments, the United States could lose its decades-old leadership in space exploration and technology to China.

The People's Republic of China (PRC) is making steady drives forward in all aspects of human and robotics capabilities. China's space accomplishments over the past few years include the success of the Long March 5B heavy-lift vehicle and the construction of the Tiangong space station. In 2019, China became the first nation to successfully "soft-land" a vehicle, the robotic Chang'e 4 rover-lander duo, on the far side of the moon. Then, a year later, the Chang'e 5 mission successfully accomplished a sample-return mission from the moon.

Related: China moving at 'breathtaking speed' in final frontier, Space Force says

More recently, on March 20, 2024, China launched its relay satellite, Queqiao-2. This accomplishment will enable the Chinese to conduct operations on the far side of the moon, and lays the groundwork for the Chang'e 6 lunar far side sample return mission later this year, to be followed by the Chang'e 7 lander and rover in 2026 and the Chang'e 8 mission in 2028, which will include a lunar In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) demonstration. China has also announced a goal for surface missions by Chinese taikonauts, possibly by 2030. And, as the United States and its partners continue to struggle with achieving a Mars Sample Return mission, China has announced its goal to conduct such a mission in 2030.

While these accomplishments still pale by comparison to those of the United States over the past 60 years, the rate at which the Chinese have been catching up is alarming. According to a 2022 Pentagon report, the U.S. could lose its lead in space technology as soon as 2045. The report notes that, while U.S. industrial capacity is expanding, "the upward trajectory of the People's Republic of Chinais even steeper, with a significant rate of overtake, requiring urgent action." The report added that "the U.S. lacks a clear and cohesive long-term vision, a grand strategy for space that sustains economic, technological, environmental, social and military (defense) leadership for the next half century and beyond."

Why is this important? Investment in space exploration and development capabilities is an investment in the country. These endeavors bolster innovation and new markets, as well as national standing, diplomacy and national security, while at the same time assure that the United States remains the undisputed leader in scientific discovery, inspiration and STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. And while NASA is a civilian space agency, we can't ignore the broader implications of surrendering our lead in space. According to the U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commission's report to Congress, "Beijing has specific plans not merely to explore space, but to industrially dominate the space within the moon's orbit of Earth. China has invested significant resources in exploring the national security and economic value of this area, including its potential for space-based manufacturing, resource extraction, and power generation, although experts differ on the feasibility of some of these activities."

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The good news is that the United States still has a clear advantage in this competition. Over the past several years, we have seen the successful launch of the Artemis 1 mission, with Artemis 2 and 3 scheduled to occur by the end of 2027. Meanwhile, commercial entities are launching at an unprecedented rate, significantly expanding our overall national capacity to reach space. In short, this is our race to lose.

Related: NASA's Artemis program: Everything you need to know

Given the progress that the United States has made in developing space infrastructure and capabilities in recent years, why are we at risk of being surpassed? Dean Cheng of the U.S. Institute of Peace told us thatpart of the problem is, while people are interested in space, it is not as in the public imagination and concern as it was during the Space Race of the 1960s, when there were space launches every few weeks. Ironically, because space has become more routinized, there is less concern about competition. With so many other major national issues that hold center stage, the Administration and Congress also do not appear to be appropriately focused and motivated in what truly constitutes the new Space Race. Stable bipartisan support remains, but we seem to lack a sense of national urgency.

Nevertheless, unlike most domestic programs, our plan to send humans to the moon and Mars is something of a "unicorn" in our divisive political environment. It represents a program and an objective that has had strong bipartisan support for over a decade. This rare example of political solidarity should not be ignored. It should be embraced as evidence that our elected officials can unite on some issues and in so doing, help to solidify our national standing for decades to come.

However, we must not repeat the policy mistakes of the Apollo program of the 1960s and early 1970s. While Apollo successfully landed crews on the moon by the end of the 1960s, it was not a sustainable program from a budgetary or political perspective. Upwards of 4%of the annual federal budget was committed to Apollo (as compared to NASA's current budget of less than 0.5% of the federal budget). The program also only had one significant political objective to beat the Soviet Union to the moon. It succeeded spectacularly in this regard. It was unquestionably a major milestone in human history. But after its success and the realization that the Soviet Union was abandoning its lunar aspirations, there remained little political motivation to continue the program, and it was abruptly halted.

NASA's current budget is unlikely to increase dramatically in the near future, but the United States can nevertheless still build a sustainable program that ensures that we retain our hard-earned status as the preeminent space nation. Rather than the military-like campaign of the Apollo program, we have a chance to prevail by harnessing the ingenuity and capabilities of our U.S. commercial industry and our international partners. By doing so, we simultaneously advance a vital national interest but also stimulate innovative new markets and strengthen our international alliances.

Are there risks? Of course. Virtually every great human accomplishment has required innumerable forms of risk. However, by accepting these risks, we will give ourselves a very real chance that the rest of the 21st century will not only be an American century but one where we have nurtured major new markets and created stronger international relations.

Note: An expert panel will be discussing this topic at the 2024 Humans to Mars Summit taking place on May 7-8, 2024 at the Jack Morton Auditorium, at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

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Are we prepared for Chinese preeminence on the moon and Mars? (op-ed) - Space.com

Space has long been a frontier for geopolitical competition. Credit: IM_photo via Shutterstock.

The US-led Artemis Accords are a set of non-binding principles designed to guide peaceful cooperation in the exploration of outer space, including the Moon and eventually Mars. They cover provisions on transparency, interoperability, registration of space objects, release of scientific data, protecting space heritage, the use of space resources, deconfliction of space activities, and emergency assistance.

The Accords were established in 2020 by eight founding nations: Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the United Arab Emirates, the UK, and of course the US.

The Accords build upon existingbut now deeply outdatedspace regulations, including the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, 1968 Rescue and Return Agreement, 1972 Liability Convention, and 1975 Registration Convention. As a sign of the breadth of countries signing the Accords, Slovenia became the 39th nation to sign the Accords on April 19, 2024. In doing so, Slovenia became the third European signatory in just five daysSwitzerland and Sweden signed the Accords on April 15 and April 16, respectively.

India, which has been able to punch above its budget in space, signed the Accords back in June 2023. This forms part of a broader trend of strengthening ties between India and the US in space.

China and Russia, the two other space superpowers aside from the US, are notable absentees from the signatories of the Artemis Accords. This is unsurprising, particularly in light of the current geopolitical climate. Space has long been a frontier for geopolitical competition.In recent years, heightened security concerns surrounding China and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have further isolated Beijing and Moscows space operations from the West. It isnt in China or Russias interests for the US-led Artemis Accords to succeed in such circumstances.

In a marriage of necessity, with no other major allies to turn to, China and Russia are increasingly teaming up in space to take on the US space juggernaut. The US spent $73.2bn on space programs in 2023China and Russias combined spending totalled just $17.56bn. China and Russia have announced plans to put a nuclear power plant on the Moon by 2035, which will fuel a planned joint China-Russia Moon base. Partnerships are at the core of the space economy. No one, even Nasa, can go it alone.

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However, a new body of space regulation fit for the 21st century and which all major space superpowers are party to is desperately needed. The Artemis Accords are of course non-binding. But they make a good start in attempting to set norms on peaceful cooperation in space. This is an essential first step in proactively tackling potential geopolitical flashpoints looming in this frontier.

One such concern is conflict for resources on the Moon. There are possibly trillions of dollars worth of untapped lunar resources. Without global regulations or norms in place to guide ownership and mining rights, disputes over lunar resources could quickly spiral into an unwanted confrontation.

Space debris is also a real concern. As of November 2023, there are currently over 130 million pieces of space debris in orbit, according to the EU Space Agency. The likelihood of collisions will rise as more objects are launched into space. Yet, there is no global legal framework targeting the issue of space debris. Only in 2023 did the US Government issue the worlds first space debris fine.

Cooperation on space regulationeven an Artemis Accord-style agreement in the interimbetween all major space players needs to become a global priority. Discussions need to focus on regulations or norms concerning the ownership and mining rights of lunar resources and the removal of space debris. Then, efforts can shift to more long-term issues surrounding asteroid mining and the colonisation of Mars. The US, China, and Russia need to get around a table and start working together on global space regulation.

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As space exploration increases, effective space regulation is a necessity - Verdict

NASA announced the winners on Wednesday of the third annual Power to Explore Challenge, a national writing competition designed to teach K-12 students about the power of radioisotopes for space exploration.

The competition asked students to learn about NASAs Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS), nuclear batteries the agency uses to explore some of the most extreme destinations in the solar system and beyond. In 250 words or less, students wrote about a mission of their own enabled by these space power systems and described their own power to achieve their mission goals.

The Power to Explore Challenge is the perfect way to inspire students our Artemis Generation to reach for the stars and beyond and help NASA find new ways to use radioisotopes to power our exploration of the cosmos, said Nicola Fox, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

Entries were split into three groups based on grade level, and a winner was chosen from each. The three winners, along with a guardian, are invited to NASAs Glenn Research Center in Cleveland for a VIP tour of its world-class research facilities.

The winners are:

Congratulations to this years winners and participants together, we discover and explore for the benefit of all, Fox said.

The Power to Explore Challenge offered students the opportunity to learn about space power, celebrate their strengths, and interact with NASAs diverse workforce. This years contest received nearly 1,787 submitted entries from 48 states and Puerto Rico.

Every student who submitted an entry received a digital certificate and an invitation to the Power Up virtual event held on March 15 that announced the 45 national semifinalists. Additionally, the national semifinalists received a NASA RPS prize pack.

NASA announced three finalists in each age group (nine total) during Total Eclipse Fest 2024 in Cleveland on April 8, a day when millions of Americans saw a brief glimpse of life without sunlight, creating an opportunity to shed light on how NASA could power missions without the Suns energy at destinations such as deep lunar craters or deep space. Finalists also were invited to discuss their mission concepts with a NASA scientist or engineer during a virtual event.

The challenge is funded by the NASA Science Mission Directorates RPS Program Office and administered by Future Engineers under the NASA Open Innovation Services 2 contract. This contract is managed by the NASA Tournament Lab, a part of the Prizes, Challenges, and Crowdsourcing Program in NASAs Space Technology Mission Directorate.

For more information on radioisotope power systems visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/rps

-end-

Karen Fox/Charles Blue Headquarters, Washington 301-286-6284/202-802-5345 karen.c.fox@nasa.gov/charles.e.blue@nasa.gov

Kristin Jansen Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 216-296-2203 kristin.m.jansen@nasa.gov

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NASA Announces Winners of Power to Explore Challenge - NASA

MT. HOOD, Ore. (KATU) Researchers from six universities, including Oregon State, have teamed up with NASA to test a walking robot on the terrain of Mount Hood.

They're trying to see how this robot would withstand the surface of the moon or even Mars.

NASA often uses rovers, but the hope with this four-legged robot is that it will be able to roam through the terrain of different planets in the future.

Another goal of this project is to create a partnership between human scientists and these four-legged robots.

Instead of using the robot as a tool, they are hoping to find an algorithm that lets the robot make some scientific decisions.

If not, the robot would try to decide what a human would do, to at least make one for a human to understand.

KATU spoke with a member of the project and the OSU team, Cristina Wilson, to ask why they chose Mount Hood.

Mt. Hood is our lunar-like environment, so our moon has tons of craters and there is a lot of uncertainty right now about the structure of those craters, how much lunar ice is present. Mt. Hood has many variations of slopes and valleys that run down the mountain, it also has glacial ice.

Researchers plan to test it at White Sands National Park because of the sandy environment that mimics the Martian surface.

This summer, the teams will head back to Mt. Hood to test the robot once again.

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NASA tests walking robot on Mount Hood for space exploration with universities - KTVL

April 22 (UPI) -- Six new recruits of the European Space Agency on Monday got to be the latest round of fully qualified astronauts now eligible for space missions, including a woman from Australia.

At a ceremony near Cologne in Germany's state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the five European and one Australian astronaut recruits got their certifications to mark their transition to be fully qualified astronauts now eligible for space missions.

Sophie Adenot of France, Pablo lvarez Fernndez of Spain, Rosemary Coogan from Britain, Raphal Ligeois of Belgium, and Marco Sieber of Switzerland joined Australian Space Agency candidate Katherine Bennell-Pegg -- on track to be Australia's first woman in space -- who wrapped-up their year-long basic training culminating in Monday's ceremony.

They were picked from a "remarkable" pool of 22,500 astronaut applicants across Europe. The ESA astronaut class of November 2022 had 17 individuals which included the five astronaut candidates, and 12 members in the European astronaut reserve.

Their training begin April of last year at their arrival to the European Astronaut Center near Cologne, where they took part in training programs that included spacecraft systems, spacewalks, flight engineering, robotics, life support systems, survival, and medical training.

Last Wednesday ahead of Monday's ceremony, the ESA Director General took note of how in 2020 the agency had for the first time since 2008, "decided to open a new call for a Europe-wide astronaut selection."

"This decision was crucial to preserve European knowhow for training astronauts in Europe -- a key capacity for our future in space exploration," said Josef Aschbacher.

On Monday, Aschbacher congratulated the new class by noting it now brings the number of ESA astronauts to a total of 11 from eight European countries. During the ceremony, he acknowledged it was "a challenging year" and said it was "a large effort."

"Thanks to this enlarged family, we are ensuring both our long-term participation in key programs," he said on social medial about the Artemis program and the ISS.

It was called "A great day for Europe in space" earlier on Monday by Anne-Sophie Bradelle, ESA's chief of communications.

Now that the new set of astronauts have been certified, they will begin steps toward their first missions on the International Space Station or other space trips although it's currently unclear when that will be but plans are in the works.

But Aschbacher said their first mission will not be before the year 2026.

Fellow ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer took to social media Monday morning to congratulate his new colleagues.

"A new chapter of European space exploration unfolds, heralding a fresh era for" the European Space Agency, he said on X.

"Their incredible teamwork showcases the possibilities of EAC as Europe's premier astronaut training hub," wrote Maurer, who recently completed a 175-day mission on the International Space Station.

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Five future astronauts certified from European Space Agency's 2022 graduating class - UPI News

Another one signs the (moon) dust.

Sweden is the newest nation to sign onto NASA's Artemis Accords for peaceful and responsible exploration. During a signing event in Stockholm on Tuesday (April 16), Swedish Minister for Education Mats Persson penned the agreement alongside U.S. Ambassador Erik D. Ramanathan.

"By joining the Artemis Accords, Sweden strengthens its strategic space partnership with the U.S. on space covering areas such as Swedish space research and the space industry, which in turn also strengthens Swedens total defense capability," Persson said in a NASA statement.

Related: Switzerland signs Artemis Accords to join NASA in moon exploration

The event in Stockholm comes just on the heels of Switzerland's signing of the Artemis Accords the day before. Greece and Uruguay were also included in February. Sweden is now the 38th nation to join the accords, which were established in 2020, as the first Artemis moon launch inched closer to reality.

The Accords mirror principles set out in 1967, as part of the Outer Space Treaty to help govern international cooperation space.NASA is using the refreshed agreement as a guideline for the Artemis program, which aims to send astronauts back to the moon for the first time since Apollo 17, in 1972.

In the agency's statement, NASA administrator Bill Nelson welcomed Sweden to the expanding space club.

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"Our nations have worked together to discover new secrets in our solar system, and now, we welcome you to a global coalition that is committed to exploring the heavens openly, transparently, responsibly, and in peace," Nelson said, adding, "the United States and Sweden share the same bedrock principles, and we're excited to expand these principles to the cosmos."

NASA plans to return to the moon no earlier than 2025 with its Artemis 2 mission, which will see four astronauts fly around the moon and back. The following year, the agency aims to put a crew of four on the lunar surface with Artemis 3, marking humanity's first return to our natural satellite since 1972.

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Sweden becomes 38th country to sign NASA's Artemis Accords for moon exploration - Space.com

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Exodus Propulsion Technologies, a space start-up, has announced a significant advancement in propellant-free propulsion. The company claims to have discovered an unknown force of nature that could potentially power thrusters without the need for propellant. Charles Buhler, co-founder and former NASA engineer, believes this could transform space exploration. Buhler's bold claims are set to face rigorous scrutiny from the scientific community.

Buhler, in his conversation with The Debrief, stated that the newly discovered force could be harnessed to generate propulsion, unlike anything previously achieved. He asserted, "There are rules that include conservation of energy, but if done correctly, one can generate forces unlike anything humankind has done before." Buhler further predicted this force could be used for propulsion for the next 1,000 years "until the next thing comes."

Exodus recently presented its research at the Alternative Propulsion Energy Conference (APEC), a prestigious event attended by top figures in the field. The propulsion system developed by Exodus uses electrostatics to harness Buhler's "new force," generating a modest 10milliNewtons of force. Despite the small magnitude, Buhler reassured that "magnitude is not important, really, since anything above zero would work in space!"

Buhler explained that their propulsion system is made up of various types of charge carrier coatings, supported on a dielectric film. The aim is to create a lightweight system while maintaining high dielectric breakdown strength. He believes this discovery suggests "that there's some underlying physics that can essentially place force on an object" given "an asymmetry in either electrostatic pressure or some kind of electrostatic divergent field." However, he acknowledges these claims seem to contradict established energy laws.

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Space start-up claims to have discovered propellant-free propulsion system - NewsBytes