Daily Archives: December 22, 2023

NVIDIA has announced a groundbreaking update to its cuQuantum software development kit (SDK), stating that version 23.10 represents a significant leap in quantum computing capabilities. The new release integrates seamlessly with NVIDIA Tensor Core GPUs, delivering a substantial boost to the speed of quantum circuit simulations.

At the heart of cuQuantums power lies its ability to accelerate quantum circuit simulations using state vector and tensor network methods. This latest advancement is not just incremental but offers unprecedented speed and efficiency, measured in orders of magnitude.

One of the key highlights of the cuQuantum 23.10 update is the significant enhancements made to NVIDIAs cuTensorNet and cuStateVec. The new version now supports NVIDIA Grace Hopper systems, allowing for a broader range of hardware compatibility. This compatibility ensures that users can leverage the full potential of GPU acceleration for their quantum computing workloads.

cuTensorNet, a crucial component of cuQuantum, offers high-level APIs that simplify quantum simulator development. These APIs enable developers to program intuitively, abstracting away the complexities of tensor network knowledge. Performance-wise, cuTensorNet has demonstrated superior performance compared to existing technologies, such as TensorCircuit, PyTorch, and JAX, achieving a factor of 4-5.9x improvement on NVIDIA H100 GPUs.

Another notable advancement is the addition of experimental support for gradient calculations in quantum machine learning (QML) applications. This feature is expected to significantly accelerate QML and adjoint differentiation-based workflows by utilizing cuTensorNet.

Furthermore, cuStateVec now provides new APIs for host-to-device state vector swap. This development allows for the effective scaling of simulations by utilizing CPU memory alongside GPUs. For instance, simulations that previously required 128 NVIDIA H100 80GB GPUs for 40 qubit state vector simulations can now be achieved with just 16 NVIDIA Grace Hopper systems. This reduction not only speeds up computations but also leads to significant cost and energy savings.

Additionally, cuQuantum 23.10 has undergone API-level and kernel-level optimizations, resulting in enhanced performance. These improvements make Grace Hopper systems more efficient than other CPU and Hopper systems by offering faster runtimes due to improved chip-to-chip interconnects and CPU capabilities.

For those interested in exploring cuQuantum 23.10, NVIDIA provides comprehensive documentation and benchmark suites on GitHub. The company encourages feedback and queries through the GitHub platform to ensure continuous improvement and support for its user base. These updates demonstrate NVIDIAs commitment to pushing the boundaries of quantum computing, making it more accessible and efficient for a broader range of applications.

FAQ:

What is cuQuantum? cuQuantum is a software development kit (SDK) developed by NVIDIA that enhances the speed and efficiency of quantum circuit simulations by integrating with NVIDIA Tensor Core GPUs.

What are the key highlights of the cuQuantum 23.10 update? The cuQuantum 23.10 update includes significant enhancements to cuTensorNet and cuStateVec, compatibility with NVIDIA Grace Hopper systems, experimental support for gradient calculations in quantum machine learning (QML) applications, and new APIs for host-to-device state vector swap.

What is cuTensorNet? cuTensorNet is a component of cuQuantum that offers high-level APIs to simplify quantum simulator development. It allows developers to program intuitively and achieve superior performance compared to other technologies.

What are the benefits of using cuQuantum? Using cuQuantum, users can achieve substantial speed and efficiency improvements in quantum circuit simulations, reduce computational requirements, and save on costs and energy.

Where can I find more information about cuQuantum? NVIDIA provides comprehensive documentation and benchmark suites for cuQuantum on their GitHub page.

Definitions:

Quantum computing: A field that utilizes principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations, offering the potential to solve problems that are currently intractable for classical computers.

SDK: A software development kit is a set of tools, libraries, and documentation that developers use to create software applications for specific platforms.

Tensor Core GPUs: NVIDIA Tensor Core GPUs are specialized graphics processing units that feature hardware acceleration for tensor operations, which are often used in deep learning and scientific computing.

State vector: In quantum mechanics, a state vector represents the state of a quantum system, such as the position or momentum of a particle. It is typically represented as a complex vector.

Tensor network: A tensor network is a mathematical tool used in quantum physics and quantum computing to represent complex systems and manipulate quantum states efficiently.

Quantum machine learning (QML): Quantum machine learning combines principles from quantum computing and machine learning to develop algorithms that can process and analyze quantum data.

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NVIDIA Official Website cuQuantum Documentation and Benchmark Suites on GitHub

Link:

NVIDIA Unveils Breakthrough in Quantum Computing Capabilities - Game Is Hard

Luton, Dec. 20, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Quantum AI is set to bring the power of quantum computing to the public and has already reached a stunning quantum volume (QV) score of 14,082 in a year since its inception.

Quantum AI Ltd. was conceived by Finlay and Qaiser Sajjad during their time as students at MIT. They were inspired by the exclusive use of new-age technology by the elites on Wall Street. Recognising the transformative power of this technology, they were determined to make its potential accessible to all. Thus, the platform was born, and it has evolved and flourished in just a short time.

Quantum AI

Often, everyday traders have limited access to such advanced tools.

We are fueled by the belief that the power of quantum computing should not be confined to the financial giants but should be available to empower amateur traders as well, asserted the founders of the platform. Since its launch in 2022, they have worked to achieve this vision and have become a significant force in the industry.

The platform combines the power of the technology with the strength of artificial intelligence. By using these latest technologies, including machine learning, algorithms that are more than just lines of code have been created. They harness the potential of quantum mechanics and deep learning to analyse live data in unique ways.

Our quantum system leverages quantum superposition and coherence, providing a quantum advantage through sophisticated simulation and annealing techniques, added the founders.

Quantum AI has shown exceptional results in a brief period. It has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from customers, highlighting the enhanced speed and accuracy of trading. The transformative and groundbreaking impact the platform has had on trading is evident in its growth to 330,000 active members. Notably, it has nearly 898 million lines of code and an impressive quantum value score of 14,082. The performance on this benchmark that IBM established is a massive testament to the impact quantum AI has had in a short span of time.

According to the founders, they have bigger plans on the horizon to take the power of the technology to the public. Quantum AI is growing its team of experts and expanding its operations in Australia and Canada. Its goal of democratising the power of technology is well on its way to being realised. With trading being the first thing they cracked to pay the bills the main focus has turned to aviation, haulage and even e-commerce. The power of

To learn more about the platform and understand the transformative power of the technology for traders, one can visit https://quantumai.co/.

About Quantum AI

With the aim of democratising the power and potential of quantum computing, the company was founded by Finlay and Qaiser Sajjad during their time at MIT. Since its establishment, it has grown to over 330,000 active members and 18 full-time employees, alongside winning the trust of its customers.

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Media Contact

Quantum AI PR Manager: Nadia El-Masri Email: nadia.el.masri@quantumai.co Address: Quantum AI Ltd, 35 John Street, Luton, United Kingdom, LU1 2JE Phone: +442035970878 URL: https://quantumai.co/

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Quantum AI Brings the Power of Quantum Computing to the Public - GlobeNewswire

Plano, Texas, USA December 20 2023 -- Siemens Digital Industries Software announced today its collaboration with sureCore and Semiwise to develop groundbreaking cryogenic CMOS circuits capable of operating at temperatures near absolute zero a fundamental component of quantum computing systems. The joint effort holds the potential for dramatic advances in both performance and power efficiency for next-generation integrated circuits (IC) targeting quantum computing considered the leading edge in the high-performance computing (HPC) research and development.

The key to unlocking the potential of quantum computing for HPC and other fast-growing applications lies in the availability of control electronics capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures. Using advanced analog/mixed-signal IC design technology from Siemens, Semiwise has developed cryogenic CMOS circuit designs featuring cryogenic SPICE models as well as SPICE simulator technology that can perform accurate analyses at cryogenic temperatures.

Semiwise is providing this intellectual property (IP), developed using Siemens Analog FastSPICE (AFS), to sureCore for the development of sureCores revolutionary line of CryoIP, which aims to enable the design of CryoCMOS control chips seen as crucial for unlocking the commercial potential for quantum computing.

In the development of its CryoIP product line, sureCore also used Siemenss Analog FastSPICE platform and Siemens Solido Design Environment software, both of which demonstrated reliable and accurate operation at cryogenic temperatures, empowering sureCore to construct analog circuits, standard cell libraries, and memory designs including SRAM, register files, and ROM, using Semiwises cryogenic transistor models. Further, Siemens Analog FastSPICE software showcased exceptional capabilities in handling foundry device models at cryogenic conditions, helping deliver efficient analog, mixed-signal, and digital circuit design and verification functionality without convergence issues. The result is a high level of accuracy and performance, setting the stage for potentially groundbreaking advancements in quantum computing.

Professor Asen Asenov, CEO of Semiwise and director for sureCore, highlighted the significance of this achievement: "For the first time, through cryogenic transistor measurements and Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) analyses conducted with Siemens EDA technologies, we have developed process design kit (PDK)-quality compact transistor models, including corners and mismatch, enabling the production-worthy design of cryogenic CMOS circuits."

sureCore is rapidly progressing towards its first CryoIP tapeout, leveraging GlobalFoundries' 22FDX PDK.

Paul Wells, CEO of sureCore, underscored the pivotal role of this partnership. "The critical storage element and the bit cell must essentially be treated as an analog circuit that is highly sensitive to process variability and mismatch, said Wells. When we develop new memory designs and their associated compilers, we need to run thousands of statistical circuit simulations to guarantee the yield and reliability of our IP. Our partnership with Siemens EDA has enabled us to leverage Siemens' Custom IC verification technology to build robust cryogenic IP cores, specifically tailored for Quantum applications."

"This partnership symbolizes Siemens' unwavering dedication to advancing the quantum computing domain, said Amit Gupta, general manager and vice president of the Custom IC Verification Division, Siemens Digital Industries Software. The groundbreaking technologies and solutions developed have the potential to redefine the boundaries of high-performance computing."

Siemens' Analog FastSPICE platform, powered by technology from Siemens Analog FastSPICE eXTreme platform, offers cutting-edge circuit verification for nanometer analog, radio frequency (RF), mixed-signal, memory, and custom digital circuits. It holds foundry certifications across all major foundries and is qualified across various process nodes, from mature to the most advanced. Siemens' Analog FastSPICE platform offers a comprehensive use model, including small signal, transient, RF, noise, aging, and multi-sim verification capabilities, with drop-in compatibility with industry-standard SPICE-based flows. This all-encompassing solution boasts high performance, capacity, and flexible features.

Siemens' Solido Design Environment plays a pivotal role by providing a comprehensive cockpit for nominal and variation-aware analysis and encompasses SPICE-level circuit simulation setup, measurements, regressions, waveforms, and statistical results analysis. Powered by AI technology, Solido Design Environment assists users in identifying optimization paths to improve circuit power, performance, and area - facilitating production-accurate statistical yield analysis, reducing runtime compared to brute-force methods.

Siemens Digital Industries Software helps organizations of all sizes digitally transform using software, hardware and services from the Siemens Xcelerator business platform. Siemens' software and the comprehensive digital twin enable companies to optimize their design, engineering and manufacturing processes to turn today's ideas into the sustainable products of the future. From chips to entire systems, from product to process, across all industries, Siemens Digital Industries Software Accelerating transformation.

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Siemens collaborates with sureCore and Semiwise to pioneer quantum computing ready cryogenic semiconductor ... - Design and Reuse

Is cosmic evolution a single track with no choice about the destination?Credit: Getty

Was there ever any choice in the Universe being as it is? Albert Einstein could have been wondering about this when he remarked to mathematician Ernst Strauss: What Im really interested in is whether God could have made the world in a different way; that is, whether the necessity of logical simplicity leaves any freedom at all.

US physicist James Hartle, who died earlier this year aged 83, made seminal contributions to this continuing debate. Early in the twentieth century, the advent of quantum theory seemed to have blown out of the water ideas from classical physics that the evolution of the Universe is deterministic. Hartle contributed to a remarkable proposal that, if correct, completely reverses a conventional story about determinisms rise with classical physics, and its subsequent fall with quantum theory. A quantum Universe might, in fact, be more deterministic than a classical one and for all its apparent uncertainties, quantum theory might better explain why the Universe is the one it is, and not some other version.

The brazen science that paved the way for the Higgs boson (and a lot more)

In physics, determinism means that the state of the Universe at any given time and the basic laws of physics fully determine the Universes backward history and forward evolution. This idea reached its peak with the strict, precise laws about how the Universe behaves introduced by classical physics. Take Isaac Newtons laws of motion. If someone knew the present positions and momenta of all particles, they could in theory use Newtons laws to deduce all facts about the Universe, past and future. Its only a lack of knowledge (or computational power) that prevents scientists from doing so.

Along with this distinctive predictive power, determinism underwrites scientific explanations that come close to the principle of sufficient reason most famously articulated by German polymath Gottfried Leibniz: that everything has an explanation. Every state of the Universe (with one obvious exception, which well come to) can be completely explained by an earlier one. If the Universe is a train, determinism says that its running on a track, with no option to switch to any other path because different tracks never cross.

Physicists have conventionally liked determinisms predictive and explanatory power. Others, including some philosophers, have generally been more divided, not least because of how determinism might seem to preclude human free will: if the laws of physics are deterministic, and our actions are just the summation of particle interactions, there seems to be no room for us to freely choose A instead of B, because the earlier states of the Universe will already have determined the outcome of our choice. And if we are not free, how can we be praised or blamed for our actions? Neuroendocrinologist Robert Sapolskys 2023 book Determined touches on this fascinating and controversial issue.

The strange behaviours of quantum particles that began to emerge in the twentieth century fundamentally shifted the debate surrounding determinism in physics. The laws of quantum mechanics give only the probabilities of outcomes, which can be illustrated with the thought experiment devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrdinger in 1935 (although when he devised it, he was concerned mainly with how the wavefunction represents reality). A cat is trapped in a box with a vial of poison that might or might not have been broken by a random event because of radioactive decay, for example. If quantum mechanics applied to the cat, it would be described by a wavefunction in a superposition of alive and dead. The wavefunction, when measured, randomly jumps to one of the two states, and quantum mechanics specifies only the probability of either possibility occurring. One consequence of the arrival of quantum mechanics was that it seemed to throw determinism out of the window.

How Stephen Hawking flip-flopped on whether the Universe has a beginning

But this accepted idea might not be the whole story, as developments in the second half of the twentieth century suggested. The quantum Universe could actually be more deterministic than a classical one, for two reasons. The first is technical. Newtons laws allow situations in which the past does not determine how things will move in the future. For example, the laws do not provide an upper bound on how much an object can be accelerated, so in theory a classical object can reach spatial infinity in finite time. Reverse this process, and you get what have been called space invaders objects that come from spatial infinity with no causal connection to anything else in the Universe, and which cant be predicted from any of the Universes past states.

In practice, this problem is solved by the universal speed limit, the speed of light, introduced by Einsteins special theory of relativity. But unruly infinities also plague Einsteinian relativity, which is a classical theory. The equations of general relativity lead to singularities of infinite curvature, most notoriously in black holes and at the Big Bang at the beginning of the Universe. Singularities are like gaps in space-time where the theory no longer applies; in some cases, anything can come out of them (or disappear into them), threatening determinism.

Many physicists think that quantum theory can come to the rescue by removing such singularities for example, by converting the Big Bang into a Big Bounce, with a Universe that continues to evolve smoothly on the other side of the singularity. If they are right, a theory of quantum gravity that fully unifies quantum theory, which predicts the behaviour of matter on the smallest scales, and Einsteins relativity, which encapsulates the large-scale evolution of the Universe, will smooth out the gaps in space-time and restore determinism.

Space-time singularities inside black holes could threaten a deterministic cosmic order.Credit: ESO/SPL

But there is a deeper reason why the quantum Universe might be more deterministic, to which Hartles scientific legacies are relevant. With US physicist Murray Gell-Mann, Hartle developed an influential approach to quantum theory, called decoherent histories1. This attempted to explain the usefulness of probabilistic statements in quantum physics, and the emergence of a familiar, classical realm of everyday experience from quantum superpositions. In their picture, the wavefunction never randomly jumps. Instead, it always obeys a deterministic law given by Schrdingers equation, which characterizes the smooth and continuous evolution of quantum states. In this respect, it is similar to US physicist Hugh Everett IIIs popular many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, which proposes that the quantum Universe splits into different branches according to the possibilities encoded in the wavefunction whenever anything is measured2. In what follows I assume, as Everett did, that the Universe can be completely described by a quantum wavefunction with no hidden variables that operate on a more fundamental level.

With Stephen Hawking, Hartle went on to become one of the founders of quantum cosmology, which applies quantum theory to the entire Universe. In a classical Universe, there is freedom in choosing how it all started. Even setting aside the extreme situations mentioned earlier, classical mechanics is deterministic merely in that it lays down many possible evolutionary histories for the Universe, and offers conditional statements about them: if this happens, then that must happen next. To return to the train analogy, a deterministic theory does not, by itself, say why the train is on any one given track out of many: why it is going from A to B via C, rather than from X to Y via Z. We can go back to earlier states to explain the current state, and do that all the way back to the initial state but this initial state is not explained by anything that precedes it. Ultimately, standard determinism fails to fully satisfy Leibnizs principle of sufficient reason: when it comes to the initial state, something remains without an explanation.

See me here, see me there

This failure is not just philosophical. A complete theory of the Universe should predict the phenomena we observe in it, including its large-scale structure and the existence of galaxies and stars. The dynamic equations we have, whether from Newtonian physics or Einsteinian relativity, cannot do this by themselves. Which phenomena show up in our observations depend sensitively on the initial conditions. We must look at what we see in the Universe around us, and use this information to determine the initial condition that might have given rise to such observations.

A theory that specifies deterministic laws of both the Universes temporal evolution and its exact initial condition satisfies what English physicist Roger Penrose called strong determinism in his 1989 book The Emperors New Mind. This is, according to Penrose, not just a matter of the future being determined by the past; the entire history of the universe is fixed, according to some precise mathematical scheme, for all time. Let us say that a Universe is strongly deterministic if its basic laws of physics fix a unique cosmic history. If determinism provides a set of non-crossing train tracks, without specifying which one is being used, then strong determinism lays down a single track that has no choice even about where it starts.

Strong determinism is hard to implement in classical physics. You might consider doing it by specifying the initial condition of the Universe as a law. But although the dynamical laws of classical physics are simple, the Universe itself is complex and so its initial condition must have been, too. Describing the precise positions and momenta of all the particles involved requires so much information that any statement of the initial condition is too complex to be a law.

Hartle suggested3 that quantum mechanics can solve this complexity problem. Because a quantum objects wavefunction is spread out across many classical states (cat alive or cat dead, for instance), you could propose a simple initial condition that includes all the complexities as emergent structures in the quantum superposition of these states. All the observed complexities can be regarded as partial descriptions of a simple fundamental reality: the Universes wavefunction. As an analogy, a perfect sphere can be cut into many chunks with complicated shapes, yet they can be put back together to form a simple sphere.

In 1983, Hartle and Hawking introduced4 one of the first (and highly influential) proposals about the quantum Universes initial state. Their no boundary wavefunction idea suggests that the shape of the Universe is like that of a shuttlecock: towards the past, it rounds off smoothly and shrinks to a single point. As Hawking said in a 1981 talk on the origin of the Universe in the Vatican: There ought to be something very special about the boundary conditions of the Universe, and what can be more special than the condition that there is no boundary?

Unique, or not unique?

In this perspective, the quantum Universe has two basic laws: a deterministic one of temporal evolution and a simple one that picks an initial wavefunction for the Universe. Hence, the quantum Universe satisfies strong determinism. The physical laws permit exactly one cosmic history of the Universe, albeit one described by a wavefunction that superposes many classical trajectories. There is no contingency in what the Universe as a whole could have been, and no alternative possibility for how it could have started. Every event, including the first one, is explained; the entire wavefunction of the Universe for all times is pinned down by the laws. The probabilities of quantum mechanics do not exist at the level of the basic physical laws, but can nonetheless be assigned to coarse-grained and partial descriptions of bits of the Universe.

This leads to a more predictive and explanatory theory. For example, the no-boundary proposal makes predictions for a relatively simple early Universe and for the occurrence of inflation a period of rapid expansion that the Universe seems to have undergone in its first instants.

There are still many wrinkles to this proposal, not least because some studies have shown that, contrary to initial expectations, the theory might not single out a unique wavefunction for the Universe5,6. But studies in quantum foundations research that is mostly independent from that of quantum cosmology could offer yet another method for implementing strong determinism. Several researchers have considered the controversial idea that quantum states of closed systems, including the Universe, need not be restricted to wavefunctions, but instead can come from a broader category: the space of density matrices710.

Density matrices can be thought of as superpositions of superpositions, and they provide extra options for the initial condition of the Universe. For example, if we have reasons to adopt the past hypothesis the idea, which seems likely, that the Universe began in a low-entropy state (and its entropy has been increasing steadily since) and that this theory corresponds to a set of wavefunctions, then we can choose a simple density matrix that corresponds to the uniform mixture of that set. As I have argued10, if we regard the density matrix as the initial state of the Universe and accept that it is specified by a law, then this choice, together with the deterministic von Neumann equation (a generalization of Schrdingers equation), can satisfy strong determinism. However, in this case, the laws fix a cosmic history of a quantum Universe that has many evolving branches a multiverse.

So how deterministic is the Universe? The answer will depend on the final theory that bridges the divide between quantum physics and relativity and that remains a far-off prospect. But if Hartle is right, the story of the rise and fall of determinism until now might be the reverse of the conventional tale. From a certain perspective, the quantum Universe is more deterministic than a classical one, providing stronger explanations and better predictions. That has consequences for humans, too, because that makes it harder to appeal to quantum theory to defend free will11. If the quantum Universe is strongly deterministic, then there is no other path to make the Universe than the way it is. The ultimate laws of the quantum cosmos might tell us why it is this one.

Link:

Does quantum theory imply the entire Universe is preordained? - Nature.com

IBMannounced the company intends to engage withKeio University, TheUniversity of Tokyo,Yonsei University, SeoulNational University, and TheUniversity of Chicagoto work together to support quantum education activities inJapan, Korea, andthe United States. IBM intends to deliver educational offerings, in combination with contributions from each of the participating universities, to advance the training of up to 40,000 students over the next 10 years to prepare them for the quantum workforce and promote the growth of a globalquantum ecosystem.

Quantum computing offers a different approach to computation which may solve problems that are intractable. A skilled quantum workforce is critical to growing the quantum industry that will lead to economic development through leveraging quantum computing technology. Currently, people trained and skilled in quantum computing are needed as more higher-education and research institutions, national labs, and industries adopt quantum computing. To address the increasing demands of a growing quantum workforce, IBM and the five universities in Japan, Korea, and the U.S. intend to collaborate on the education of new and future generations of quantum computing users.

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This international initiative may include materials for educators from broad disciplines of science and technology such as physics, computer science, engineering, math, life sciences, and chemistry departments. To prepare for era of quantum utility, and the coming era of quantum-centric supercomputing, the universities and IBM are focused on preparing a workforce capable of using the latest quantum computing technologies for scientific discovery and to explore industry applications that create new value in specific domains.

IBM intends to participate with the universities to develop a robust quantum curriculum to teach the next generation of computational scientists, who will be able to use quantum computers as a scientific tool. And all parties involved, whether individually or collectively, have the resources to engage in educator training, course material development, and community-driven educational events, including mentorships, joint summer programs, exchange programs and distinguished lecture programs.

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This monumental trilateral collaboration between IBM and some of the worlds leading universities in the U.S.,Japan, andSouth Korea, is a significant step forward in quantum education, ensuring our continued technical leadership, and epitomizes the spirit of international cooperation and technological progress that are essential in interconnected world. By fostering a robust quantum workforce and supporting groundbreaking research, we are not only enhancing academic excellence but also contributing to economic development and technological innovation on a global scale. Rahm Emanuel, U.S. Ambassador toJapan.

Since the Camp David agreements, cooperation between Korea, the U.S. andJapan has expanded to various fields such as the security, economy, high-tech, health and cyber. I believe there is a true call for collaboration between the three countries, especially in high-tech fields such as quantum computing. announcement of the plan to train human resources and establish a research and industrial ecosystem in the quantum field will serve as a meaningful starting point for the trilateral high-tech cooperation. And I trust this will bring about substantial benefits for the people of the three countries through more investment and job creation. Yun Duk-min,South KoreaAmbassador toJapan.

Keiohas been a pioneer in quantum research and education for more than 20 years. Now is the right time to rethink how we train the scientists and engineers for careers in this growing field, and we are excited to work with IBM and with other top universities in the creation and use of the next generation of educational materials. Blending our online courses with hands-on exercises using IBMs materials will improve recruitment, the rate of learning, and retention among our quantum native students. ProfessorKohei Itoh, President,Keio University.

Among the various research fields, quantum computing, which excels at calculating equations containing many complex combinations, is expected to play a key role in the future of an advanced information-oriented and knowledge-intensive society and has been one of the most important fields that we emphasize at UTokyo, and we believe it very important to train the quantum professionals of tomorrow, quantum natives. Therefore, we aim to foster quantum natives and develop human capital that will lead quantum research in social implementation, industrial applications, and academic fields, by promoting education on quantum computing throughout the entire university. The education program starts with first-year undergraduate students, using actual quantum computing equipment, including the state-of-the-art IBM Quantum machines, even with those new to quantum mechanics. It extends to senior undergraduate and graduate courses in sciences, engineering, and information science by implementing educational programs that are seamlessly organized through undergraduate and postgraduate courses. In this collaboration in quantum education among the universities in the U.S.,Japan, andSouth Korea, we will make use of our respective strengths to contribute to the further promotion of quantum education and the solution of social issues. Dr.Teruo Fujii, President, TheUniversity of Tokyo.

With the goal to create a robust quantum computing ecosystem,Yonsei Universityplans to introduce IBM Quantum System One for the first time in Korea in 2024. This collaboration is anticipated to significantly contribute to the foundational framework of both domestic and international quantum computing ecosystems. Simultaneously, it should play a pivotal role in the training of experts and the facilitation of cutting-edge research within the quantum computing domain. The collaboration with IBM is poised to synergize withYonsei Universitysexisting prowess in education and research, yielding a combined effect that will propel the development in the field of quantum computing. ProfessorSeoung Hwan Suh, President, Yonsei University.

SeoulNational Universityis at the center of quantum science and technology in Korea, with over 30 groups working on the core problems of broad scientific and technological issues. More recently, we have been working to build a stronger research community at the SNU campus by bringing them together under a single organization. This new organization will lead our efforts in this fast-developing and vibrant field of quantum science and technologies. Our collaboration with IBM and four other affiliated universities in Korea,Japan, and the U.S. will boost our efforts. We look forward to working with IBM in the coming years. ProfessorHong Lim Ryu, President, SeoulNational University.

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TheUniversity of Chicagowas an early pioneer of the field of quantum engineering, and was the first university in the U.S. to award graduate degrees in this emerging area of technology. With other partners in theChicagoregion, UChicago has strived to develop a vibrant ecosystem for quantum technologies that is attracting companies and investments from around the world. These developments have underscored the need for a talented workforce. TheUniversity of Chicagois excited and proud to partner with IBM, and to build on its long-standing ties toKeio University,Yonsei University, SeoulNational University, and TheUniversity of Tokyo, to deliver world-class educational programs that will prepare thousands of students for jobs and opportunities in quantum information sciences.Paul Alivisatos, President, theUniversity of Chicago.

With the recent demonstrations that quantum computers at a scale of more than 100 qubits are capable of being used as scientific tools to deliver insights reaching beyond leading classical approaches, we have an even greater need to educate todays students to join the growing quantum workforce. This effort intends to provideKeio University, theUniversity of Tokyo,Yonsei University, SeoulNational University, and theUniversity of Chicagowith IBMs latest and most advanced quantum education materials is a crucial step toward exploring useful quantum applications. Daro Gil, Senior Vice President and Director of IBM Research.

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IBM Teams with Top Universities for Quantum Education in Japan, South Korea, and the U.S. - AiThority

2023: A Year of Groundbreaking Discoveries in Physics and Quantum Computing

In 2023, the field of physics has witnessed several groundbreaking discoveries and advancements, with the detection of the gravitational wave background from colliding supermassive black holes being one of the most significant. This discovery was the result of 15 years of meticulous observations by astronomers aimed at identifying the minuscule temporal fluctuations caused by these gravitational waves. Another major leap was made in quantum computing, specifically in the development of qubits and improvements in quantum error correction, which are vital for the creation of powerful quantum computers.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made headlines by capturing stunning images of the cosmos, which have challenged established theories and forced scientists to rethink the formation of stars, planets, and black holes. Its observations have uncovered unexpectedly large and early galaxies, as well as supermassive black holes, raising questions about their formation. Within our own galaxy, the JWST spotted intriguing pairs of objects in the Orion nebula that defy current formation theories for stars and free-floating planets.

Furthermore, quantum researchers have made strides in creating a more reliable quantum computer by utilizing non-abelian anyons, which hold the potential for error-tolerant computing. Additionally, a novel type of phase transition was discovered in the structure of information within quantum systems, marking a transition point where entanglement can either endure or be destroyed by measurement.

These discoveries and innovations exemplify the ever-evolving understanding of the universe at both the macroscopic and quantum scales. The journey of unraveling the mysteries of the universe continues with the aid of advanced technology and the ceaseless pursuit of knowledge by those in the field of physics and astronomy.

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Groundbreaking Discoveries in Physics and Quantum Computing - 2023 - BNN Breaking

These quantum computing stocks are all great options

Source: Bartlomiej K. Wroblewski / Shutterstock.com

Much like artificial intelligence, quantum computing could be a game-changer. All of which could have a substantial impact on quantum computing stocks.

Its ability to perform tough calculations in just a few seconds could help improve and speed up drug development, for example.According to Forbes, Scientists, such as those at Swiss pharmaceutical company,Rochehope that quantum simulations willspeed up the development of drugs and vaccinesto protect against the likes of Covid-19, influenza, cancer and even potentially find a cure for Alzheimers.

It could bring deeper analytics to finance, helping to speed up trades and data speed.It could even help calculate ways for us to reach climate change goals.

Even better, analysts at Fortune Business Insights say the quantum computing market could be worth $6.5 billion by 2030 from just $928.8 million in 2023.That being said, investors may want to consider these top quantum computing stocks.

Source: Amin Van / Shutterstock.com

The first time I mentionedIonQ(NYSE:IONQ),it traded at $4.56 in March. At the moment, its up to $14.80 and could push even higher. All thanks to the potential of quantum computing.

Helping, itsIonQ Forte is now available on Amazon Braket, a fully managed quantum computing services from Amazon Web Services. Also, while the companys second-quarter EPS of 22 cents missed expectations by seven cents, its revenues were up 121% yearly to $6.1 million. That beat expectations by $1.1 million. Plus, IONQ just raised its full-year revenue guidance to a new range of $21.2 million to $22 million from $18.9 million to $19.3 million.

Billionaires are jumping on board, too. James Simons of Renaissance Technologies bought over 1.2 million shares.And Millennium Managements Israel Englander picked up more than 800,000 shares.

Source: Shutterstock

Theres alsoQuantum Computing(NASDAQ:QUBT). At just 86 cents, the $65 million company also could see higher highs, as investors wake up to the opportunity. Helping, the company has received several new contracts, including another one from NASA.

According to a company press release, QUBT will build and test for NASA Ames an innovative photonic sensor instrument to provide accurate measurement of atmospheric particulates such as clouds, aerosols, smoke flume, volcanic ashes, etc., in order to identify physical properties including size, shape and chemical composition.

Better,QUBT just kicked off its commercial deliveryof its computing deliveries. In fact, QUBT just secured multiple hardware sales of its state-of-the-art Reservoir Computer and Quantum Random Number Generator to Assured Cyber Protection Ltd and AI firm Millionways.

Source: Shutterstock

Or, for solid diversification and low cost, look at theDefiance Quantum ETF(NYSEARCA:QTUM), which I mentioned on Nov. 30. At the time, it traded at $50.40.Today, its up to $53.60 and could push even higher on the game-changing potential of quantum computing.

With anexpense ratio of 0.40%, the fund provides exposure to quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, with holdings inIntel(NASDAQ:INTC),Nvidia(NASDAQ:NVDA), andApplied Materials(NASDAQ:AMAT) to name a few. From its current price of $50.40, Id like to see QTUM closer to $60 a share.

On the date of publication, Ian Cooper did not hold (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.comPublishing Guidelines.

Ian Cooper, a contributor to InvestorPlace.com, has been analyzing stocks and options for web-based advisories since 1999.

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The Quantum Edge: 3 Stocks on the Cutting Edge - InvestorPlace

The elusive cure for cancer, the eradication of car accidents, and a sustainable future free from fossil fuels these formidable challenges, once thought to be centuries away from resolution, might be here sooner than anticipated. The driving force behind this big change? Quantum computing. This cutting-edge technology transcends traditional computing by processing multiple outcomes simultaneously, significantly outpacing even the most advanced supercomputers of our era.

To understand how quantum computing could revolutionize our world, its crucial to first grasp what sets it apart from classical computing. Traditional computers use bits as the basic unit of information, which can either be a 0 or a 1. Quantum computers, however, utilize quantum bits or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states at once, enabling them to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds.

One of the most promising applications of quantum computing lies in healthcare, particularly in the fight against cancer. Quantum computers can analyze vast datasets of genetic information, environmental factors, and treatment outcomes to identify potential cures and personalized treatments. This approach could dramatically accelerate the development of effective therapies, potentially unlocking the secrets to curing cancer. This could also allow us to find the cure for many other diseases because of the ability to test chemical compounds so quickly.

Quantum computing also has the potential to revolutionize transportation. By processing enormous amounts of data from sensors, traffic patterns, and environmental conditions in real-time, quantum-powered AI systems could drastically reduce, if not eliminate, car accidents. This would not only save lives but also pave the way for more efficient, autonomous vehicles.

The energy sector stands on the brink of a quantum revolution. Quantum computing could optimize renewable energy systems, enhance battery storage capacities, and improve energy distribution networks. These advancements could lead to more effective use of renewable resources, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating the effects of climate change.

Despite its potential, quantum computing faces significant challenges. The technology is still in its infancy, and developing stable, large-scale quantum computers remains a daunting task. Moreover, with great power comes great responsibility. Ensuring ethical use and preventing misuse of quantum computing in areas like surveillance and cybersecurity is paramount.

While we may not have all the answers yet, quantum computing promises a future where some of todays most daunting problems could be effectively addressed. From healthcare to transportation, and energy sustainability, the quantum leap could be closer than we think, heralding a new era of innovation and problem-solving.

Read more from the original source:

Why Quantum Computing Will Change the World | by Noah Graham | Dec, 2023 - Medium

John D

While compiling my 2023 Secret Santa wish list of Christmas stocks to outperform in 2024, I came across an unusual growth stock that not many have heard of yet. That stock is IonQ, Inc. (IONQ), the I in CHRISTMAS. I selected IONQ as my growth pick because of the recent progress they have made in the field of quantum computing. While quantum computing is not a new field, there is a lot of new progress being made in the industry and a lot of research around the methods and techniques to develop a quantum advantage.

A recent YouTube video from world-renowned quantum physicist Sabine Hossenfelder discusses the new developments that are occurring in quantum computing. In the video, she explains that there used to be just two types of approaches to QC, Trapped Ions, and Superconducting circuits. The leaders in the latter approach include Google (GOOG), IBM, and the focus of this article, Rigetti (NASDAQ:RGTI).

YouTube

If you are new to quantum computing and would like to learn more, this website from Microsoft (MSFT) explains some of the basics. Essentially, QC is the next evolution in supercomputing technology that uses quantum mechanics to calculate outputs. The concept of a qubit is important to understand as that is essentially how a quantum computers performance is measured.

A qubit is the basic unit of information in quantum computing. Qubits play a similar role in quantum computing as bits play in classical computing, but they behave very differently. Classical bits are binary and can hold only a position of 0 or 1, but qubits can hold a superposition of all possible states.

Quantum computing harnesses the unique properties of quantum physics entanglement, superposition, and quantum interference to perform computations. There are some drawbacks to QC that limit the usefulness of the technology to some specific use cases. One big drawback is that large datasets are difficult to work within a quantum computer. Nevertheless, there are some big problems that can potentially be solved using QC, especially for pharmaceuticals, automotive, chemicals, and finance, among others.

Quantum computers are different. For one thing, when data are input into the qubits, the qubits interact with other qubits, allowing for many different calculations to be done simultaneously. This is why quantum computers are able to work so much faster than classical computers. But thats not the end of the story: quantum computers dont deliver one clear answer like classical computers do; rather, they deliver a range of possible answers.

In a recent research report from McKinsey, the estimated value that can be realized from quantum computing could reach nearly $1.3 Trillion by 2035, while the target addressable market for QC could reach more than $90B by the year 2040.

McKinsey

This is why companies like IBM are investing heavily in advanced QC research and are developing what they call a new era of quantum computing. According to the 2023 quantum computing roadmap, IBM is preparing new hardware and software solutions for the era of quantum utility, like the Quantum System Two, pictured here.

IBM

Microsoft is also placing some big bets on QC and they discuss the hope and hype behind the promises.

The promise of quantum computing at scale is real. It will solve some of the hardest challenges facing humanity. However, it will not solve every challenge. There is an ever-growing list of applications being explored for quantum computing today ranging from logistics, cosmology and financial market prediction to carbon capture, big data analysis, biochemistry, and many more. Its clear that business, academic, and government leaders are turning to our industry with great hope. However, such optimism needs to be measured. The areas where quantum will have its biggest impact are coming more clearly into focus. The fundamentals of quantum physics govern which problems can benefit from the capabilities of quantum systems.

Another big player is Amazon web services with their quantum technologies product offerings. One of the projects discussed on their website was a proof of concept with the Fidelity Center for Applied Technology, FCAT, to evaluate how QC could be used for exploring option pricing.

Research has shown the potential for quantum computers to achieve a quadratic speedup when compared with classical computers for problems like option pricing. While this speedup might not be achievable in all aspects using the quantum computers available today, it is important for FCAT to experiment with this technology to make sure that we are prepared for a time when quantum computers are commercially viable.

Companies like Amazon/AWS rely on other specialists to create the quantum computing chips that run on their servers. One of those companies is Rigetti as shown in this snippet from the AWS website.

Amazon Web Services

Rigetti was started by Chad Rigetti in 2013 in Berkeley, California (although he stepped down from his role as President and CEO in October 2022 to focus on product and technology development). According to the companys website, the company builds integrated systems including quantum computers and the superconducting processors that power them. Specifically, the technology stack includes chip design and fabrication, superconducting qubits, scalable quantum processors, control systems, QCS cloud services, and software tools. Rigettis strategy is to be at the forefront of superconducting quantum computing.

Toward that end they intend to build upon the 10 years of milestones that they have achieved to create a competitive moat, including 165 issued and pending patents as shown in this slide from the November 2023 investor presentation.

Rigetti

While the company has been around for 10 years, it just went public via a SPAC in March 2022, and they have struggled to generate consistent revenues since then. The stock price has been punished as a result as shown on this price chart with a loss approaching -90% since going public.

Seeking Alpha

Although there is a huge potential opportunity for Rigetti, getting there costs money and they are not generating enough to sustain their operations without raising additional capital. The press release from the Q323 earnings call on November 9 highlights the companys financial condition.

Third Quarter 2023 Financial Highlights

Based on its current operating plan and assuming no additional capital is raised in the three months ending December 31, 2023, Rigetti expects to have cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale securities of $88 million-$94 million at the end of 2023.

At a run rate of roughly $20 million per quarter in operating expenses, that should be enough to get them through another year of operations before they need to raise more capital.

Most of Rigettis revenues are derived from research contracts including a recent Phase 2 award from DARPA, and experimental use of the QPU by national labs. On December 6, the Novera, employing a 9-qubit processor, was announced as the first commercially available QPU. The base price of the Novera QPU is $900,000.

According to the Q3 press release, one of the Novera QPU units was sold during the quarter to a premier national laboratory. In Q2 they delivered a 9Q QPU to Fermilab as part of their partnership with the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center. Also during Q3, Rigetti was awarded a 5-year IDIQ contract with the Air Force Research Lab Information Directorate.

This contract allows AFRL to leverage Rigettis fabrication and manufacturing capabilities to build customized quantum systems. Within the scope of the contract, Rigetti will be able to provide quantum integrated circuits (QuICs), quantum-limited amplifiers, cryogenic microwave components, and 9Q QPUs. This contract builds on the existing relationship between Rigetti and AFRL to harness the Companys fabrication capabilities for quantum networking hardware research and development.

In September the new DARPA contract was awarded to develop advanced quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Additionally, in October Rigetti was awarded another contract in the UK:

Rigetti was awarded an Innovate UK grant as part of the Feasibility Studies in Quantum Computing Applications competition. Joining Rigetti in this work is HSBC, the Quantum Software Lab based at the University of Edinburgh, and the National Quantum Computing Centre. Together, the consortium aims to enhance existing anti-money laundering techniques by using quantum machine learning techniques with the goal of improving the performance of current-state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms.

Those partnerships and contract awards are helping to keep the company afloat and enable them to continue to develop next generation quantum computing architectures and technologies. Some of the partners they are working with are shown on this slide from the November investor presentation.

Rigetti

Meanwhile, the company filed a shelf offering on December 12 to raise to $250M in future securities sales.

With the huge potential market for QC, there are lots of competitors and risks associated with the adoption of the Rigetti technology. The other main strategy currently in play for achieving quantum computing uses Ion Traps, developed by companies like IonQ and Quantinuum.

Then there are new entrants in the field using such methods as Photonic Quantum Computing, which uses photons as qubits, being developed by the Canadian company Xanadu. Another new technology uses atoms in tweezers being developed by a startup called Atom Computing. They claim to be the first to exceed 1,000 qubits using their next-generation system that uses atomic arrays of optically-trapped neutral atoms to achieve unprecedented breakthroughs.

Another new technique being developed to achieve quantum computing uses topological states. This is not a new physical configuration of a qubit but more of a logical, error-corrected quantum state being explored by Microsoft. Their approach is described in this blog from November 29. In June of this year, Microsoft announced what they considered a key milestone in their development of a next-generation quantum computer, but some are skeptical that it really constitutes a major breakthrough.

Not to be outdone, Google is also developing and experimenting with quantum computing in support of AI and has made some advancements in hardware development as well.

To date, nobody has yet demonstrated that quantum computing has achieved a quantum advantage. Rigetti believes that they will get there first due to their track record and application-driven competitive advantage as shown in this slide from their November presentation.

Rigetti

Rigetti believes that their first mover advantage gives them the leg up on the competition.

The gap between first movers and fast followers will be difficult to overcome. The first companies to use quantum computing to realize improvements in cost, speed, or accuracy over the best possible classical solutions could see significant changes to their bottom line, save years of development time bringing new products to market, or break ground in new industries yet to be imagined.

I have no doubt that their progress over the past few years has given them an edge, but it remains to be seen whether they can capitalize on their efforts before they run out of money. I rate RGTI stock a Hold and will be watching closely as the developments in quantum computing, along with advancements in AI continue to evolve over the coming years.

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Quantum Computing: Rigetti And The Quest For Quantum Advantage (NASDAQ:RGTI) - Seeking Alpha