Daily Archives: November 8, 2023

But again, what does that actually mean? You could stop the bombing and keep the blockade, and 50,000 people in Gaza would die in the coming weeks, he said. Cease-fire is functioning as a slogan, he said, and so instead APN has called for cessation of hostilities, a release of hostages, and humanitarian aid. On Thursday, APN sent a letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken asking that fuel in particular be allowed to be supplied via the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, since humanitarian assistance is essentially worthless without it.

In comparison to these liberal organizations, Americas leftist Jewish groups have a different message: They are calling for a cease-fire specifically. So too are Palestinian-led groups, like the Adalah Justice Project. To them, a cease-firenot a pause to bring aid in, but the cessation of hostilitiesis the only just thing to be done at this point.

If Palestinians are going to be killed by Israeli bombs, it doesnt matter how much food they have in their bellies, said Yousef Munayyer, a Palestinian American writer and analyst. More than that, the people who are arguing for a so-called humanitarian pause, whatever in the world that means, are doing so because they believe theres some kind of military solution to this.

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Liberal Jewish U.S. Groups Are Walking an Oh-So-Thin Tightrope - The New Republic

For long-term career success, research suggests students should take a cue from ancient Athenians: study the liberal arts.

A study from Georgetown Universitys Center on Education and the Workforce found that degrees from the most selective liberal arts colleges yield a long-term return on investment thats comparable to degrees from comprehensive, top-tier research universities.

The findings arent surprising to Goldman Sachs Managing Director Matt Weir, who graduated in 2003 from the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences a liberal arts college within a top-tier research universitywith an economics degree.

If I look back historically at the CEOs of Goldman, I cant think of any who majored in business or finance as undergrads. They majored in political science, English, history or economics. Our current CEO is a Hamilton College political science alum, says Weir.

The term liberal in liberal arts which has no association with a political persuasion stretches back to the democracy of ancient Athens, where seven arts were considered essential learning for a free citizen, or liberalis.These arts included disciplines as diverse as geometry, rhetoric and music.

Today, the liberal arts umbrella is vast, including disciplines in the humanities, natural sciences and social sciences such as writing, chemistry, spatial sciences, sociology and much more. This diversity of degrees and their varying career prospects means that generalizations about liberal arts majors are unreliable.

According to Research.com, the undergraduate degree that ranks fifth highest in earnings is a liberal arts degree physics. Psychology makes the eighth spot and economics the 12th. Its perhaps unsurprising then that economics and psychology are the two most popular majors at USC Dornsife. Economics has another appeal: Its also the mostcommon undergraduate degree held by the worlds billionaires.

Undergraduate degrees in liberal arts are often stepping stones to lucrative careers that require advanced degrees. For instance, a majority of physicians majored first in a liberal arts degree, such as biological sciences, before heading to medical school. And biochemists, who make a median salary topping $100,000 annually, usually start with an undergraduate biochemistry degree.

Plenty of other liberal arts degrees pack a punch. The degree held by more United States presidents than any other? History. And while one might assume that tech companies are primarily interested in engineers, theyre increasingly eager to add graduates with degrees in subjects like English or philosophy to their payroll.

The uniquely human skills polished by a well-rounded liberal arts education will make job candidates more competitive for all roles in the digital economy, says Intuits Chief Product Officer Alex Chriss in a U.S. News & World Report article.

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, graduates with humanities and social sciences degrees are proving indispensable. Their deep understanding of human culture, ethics and communication is critical for developing AI that is effective, ethically sound and culturally aware.

The same depth of understanding that makes humanities graduates invaluable in AI is in demand by interactive entertainment companies such as Sucker Punch Productions.

Known for character-driven action games like the hugely popular Ghost of Tsushima, set in feudal Japan, co-founder Brian Fleming, a physics major, says Sucker Punch needs employees who can help craft complex, historically accurate worlds with rich storylines. So, his team is always looking for people with backgrounds in history, creative writing and art. In fact, about three-quarters of his employees have a background in the liberal arts.

Sam Palmer, senior manager of human capital at K1 Investment Management, says that a liberal arts background can also be key to career advancement. He speaks from personal experience.

Palmer graduated from USC Dornsife in 2015 with a degree in international relations and global business and credits the program with helping him hone essential business skills for a global market, including problem-solving and working with people from diverse backgrounds.

If you want to succeed in an executive position, that takes the kind of training you learn in the liberal arts, he explains.

Thats because liberal arts colleges help students whatever their major develop a unique set of skills highly valued by employers. The Job Outlook 2023 Survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers found that critical thinking and communication skills are the two most important competencies employers look for when recruiting. Problem-solving skills and the ability to work in a team are also ranked very highly.

A key value of a liberal arts education is the opportunity to develop a breadth of knowledge and depth of understanding from courses outside a students major. USC Dornsife, for instance, offers more than 90 majors and 90 minors. Many courses blend wide-ranging fields of study, like POSC 449: Political Psychology, which examines how individual and social psychology impacts politics.

This interdisciplinary learning is a hallmark of a liberal arts education, fostering a well-rounded intellectual foundation valued by many industries.

In addition to his economics degree, Goldman Sachs executive Weir says he studied philosophy and art history, all of which equipped him with skills hes still using two decades after graduation.

Through philosophy, I learned the power of outlining a paper or book to truly understand it. Thats something I do constantly in my day job when I assess the rationale behind potential investment opportunities, he explains. Philosophy also taught Weir how to think logically, which he says helped him become a much clearer thinker than he otherwise would have been.

Art history, on the other hand, allowed him to communicate ideas and make arguments using historically situated knowledge. History is so much about placing yourself in the moment of that specific point in time, says Weir. Financial markets are cyclical, he adds, which makes an understanding and appreciation of history critical to his line of work.

This capacity to contextualize history speaks to a broader value that can be found in the humanities: empathy. The ability to put yourself in someone elses shoes is one of the skills particularly common to those who study the humanities, he says. Its a skill thats vital in both the workplace and nearly every other facet of life.

In bridging the gap between historical wisdom and modern innovation, liberal arts majors are not only finding their place but are shaping the future. It turns out that the ancient Athenians may have been onto something studying the liberal arts isnt just about understanding the past; its about building a versatile and robust foundation for the future.

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Why a liberal arts degree is often a ticket to career success - USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences

DONALD SEARS

In the 18th century, the founding fathers were blooming liberals, but by todays standards, theyd be considered misogynistic white nationalists.

The Constitution, as originally written, decreed that only white men, preferably land-owning Christians, would rule the country. That being said, one would hope that Washington, Jefferson and Madison would be as pleased with todays amended Constitution as they would be with a walk down Pennsylvania Avenue.

The Constitution, a compromise among disparate states, advanced liberalism to the full extent possible for the times. Understanding it was not perfect, the more progressive founding fathers included within their groundbreaking document the ability to amend it. Thus, the Constitution served as the nursery of democracy, providing the medium in which inclusiveness could take root. A nation not chained to immutable dogma was the founding fathers greatest gift to America.

Few should be surprised that 21st century conservatives are more attracted to autocracy (Trump) than to democracy. Americas 18th century conservatives were the Tories who sided with the British, and when they lost that battle, encouraged Washington to be Americas first king. Retaining slavery and excluding women were their main contributions to the Constitution, and no amendment extending rights beyond straight white males has ever had conservative support.

Since democracys will of the people has been instrumental in liberalizing America, and liberalism is the bane of conservatism, conservatives have come to the conclusion that fiat by a reactionary autocrat better serves their interests.

Donald Trump became the rights savior when he declared it was time for conservatives to take their country back. He further inflamed their passions when he promised to be conservatives retribution. He (only I can fix it) would reverse 200 years of conservative losses to minorities, women, non-Christians and the LGBTQ community. Trumps message was clear: White males, like him, had made America great, and if given unencumbered power, would Make America Great Again.

And, since democracy had allowed for the liberalization of America, democracy was the enemy. Americas free press, Americas justice system, Americas courts, Americas electoral system, Americas public schools and even the books Americans read had to be discredited so that 200 years of liberal progress would be erased, creating a vacuum, into which would flow conservative 18th century white male supremacy.

The only unanswered question is how far back Trump would take America. Despite their shortcomings, Washington peacefully transferred power, Jefferson wrote, All men are created equal, and Madisons Constitution was prefaced with We the People. Within those words and works were the seeds of Americas democracy. But Trump, aided by Steve Bannon, has promised to deconstruct the democracy America has become.

One can be sure Trumps narcissism will cause him to take us back to a time more amenable to his fractured psyche. Trumps glance to the heavens and his declaration that hes the chosen one suggests that only the recognition of the divine right of Trump would satiate his ego. And judging from conservatives adoration of him, they would rejoice at such an anointment.

Donald Sears is a resident of Frederick County. He is not related to Lt. Gov. Winsome Earle-Sears.

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Open Forum: In their time, founding fathers were liberal - The Winchester Star

November 8, 2023

Ottawa, ON Justin Trudeau and the Liberal Party of Canada announced today that the Hon. Soraya Martinez Ferrada, MP for Hochelaga, and Terry Duguid, MP for Winnipeg South, will serve as Co-Chairs of the partys National Campaign Committee for the next federal election campaign, whenever it arrives.

While Pierre Poilievre pushes for deep cuts to the middle class and is focused on importing far-right American-style politics here to Canada, our Liberal team is delivering real results to make life more affordable and build an economy that works for all Canadians, said Justin Trudeau, Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. Whenever the next election arrives, Canadians will face a choice between moving forward with a plan to build a better future for everyone or going backward with Pierre Poilievres reckless priorities. Under Soraya Martinez Ferrada and Terry Duguids leadership, our party will build an innovative campaign focused on making life more affordable, fighting climate change, keeping our communities safe, and growing our economy and the middle class.

Through 10 Days of Action, Forward to Lib2023 events, an Open Policy Process, and our 2023 Liberal National Convention, which saw 4,000 Canadians come together for important discussions and campaign trainings, Liberal supporters have been hard at work growing our movement and sharing our positive plan in every corner of the country this year. Liberal volunteers also helped elect two new Liberal MPs, Anna Gainey and Ben Carr, in important by-elections this year, and propelled us to our strongest results in nearly two decades in Oxford.

From trying to roll back our climate action, proposing cuts to services that Canadians rely on, and promoting volatile crypto currencies to opt out of inflation, Pierre Poilievre and his Conservative Party are pushing reckless policies that would take Canada backward. Only Justin Trudeau and our Liberal team will keep investing in a better future and moving Canada forward for everyone.

For more information, please contact: media@liberal.ca 613-627-2384

Biographies: Soraya Martinez Ferrada and Terry Duguid

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Liberals announce National Campaign Committee Co-Chairs - Liberal Party of Canada

The Liberal Arts Council hosted a panel on Tuesday to help answer student questions about the future of DEI in light of concerns posed by Senate Bill 17, which is taking effect next semester and requires universities to close their diversity, equity and inclusion offices.

The panel, which consisted of Liberal Arts Dean Ann Stevens and three other COLA faculty members, asked students to submit questions prior to starting. Dadrien Whittington, Liberal Arts Council vice president, moderated the event. Approximately 55 students attended.

During the panel, Stevens said the University is currently going through a deliberate staged process in complying with the bill.

Its really important to understand what the law requires, what it rules out, Stevens said during the panel. The law says we cannot have DEI offices and programs that provide preferential treatment on the basis of race or gender. But it also is really clear that certain things are not affected.

Richard Flores, deputy to the president for academic priorities, said the University is currently working to find ways to support students, faculty and staff affected by the law.

A great number of our student support activities will remain, Flores said during the panel. They may have to be tweaked as Dean Stevens has been talking about, but student support, in particular academic support, remains intact.

Stevens also addressed concerns about DEI programs aimed at supporting specific demographics. While programs based on supporting women have more leeway, she said, there are also ways for the college to address programs designed to be implemented with respect to race or ethnicity.

The language of the legislation also allows a degree of flexibility for student organizations, Flores said. While sponsored organizations that receive funding from the University will experience more limitations, registered organizations will have more freedom to host events highlighting diversity.

Panel attendees also asked questions about the Universitys role in promoting awareness about SB 17 for students.

Theres sort of an information overload, and then when you have something really important to communicate, its difficult, Stevens said during the panel. But we remain open. I would be happy to do another event like this.

Anthropology professor Pauline Strong said the University is also focusing on the broader implications of SB 17 for future legislation.

Much of what we see in the three bills that were debated comes from national organizations rather than local conditions, Strong said during the panel. Were in a difficult political environment. We have to continue to educate the public and legislators about what we do in diversity about why its important.

Economics freshman Lina Ezernack watched the panel and said while it helped clarify the sort of changes SB 17 would make, he wished the panel talked about different impacts for specific groups from the legislation, still leaving him unsure about the future of diversity, equity and inclusion.

We had a lot of questions about the specific organizations and specific centers on campus, such as the Gender and Sexuality Center, and we havent received answers for these questions yet, Ezernack said.

Stevens said while SB 17 might change how the University conducts certain programs, she remains optimistic.

I dont think there will be anything we absolutely have to stop doing because we were always doing things in the spirit of equal opportunity and fair access, Stevens said during the panel. The key thing is that were being careful.

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UT College of Liberal Arts hosts panel about Senate Bill 17 - The Daily Texan

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. Brooklynn Jones, a third-year student double majoring in criminology and psychology and minoring in sociology, said she has gained a strong understanding of the importance of voting and being politically active through her numerous involvements and academic passions.

Jones, a Paterno Fellow, Schreyer Scholar and Bunton-Waller Fellow, has been involved in voting work since attending high school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she founded her schools first voting registration club. When she came to Penn State, she joined the newly formed League of Women Voters.

Because I already did voting work, I was excited to join and help get the club started, especially with a group of women who shared the same interests and ideas that I had, she said.

Jones is now the treasurer for the Penn State chapter of the League of Women Voters and previously served as the organizations liaison for PSU Votes.

Along with being in the League of Women Voters, Jones is an active member of the sorority Delta Sigma Theta, where she serves as the organizations social action chair and uses her experience in voting work to host events aimed at informing and activating student voters.

My organization involvements have allowed me to indulge in social advocacy, which is an important tool needed in the field of law, especially when defending someone, she said. To add, the leadership positions I have held within my various organizations and within the College of the Liberal Arts, like being a teaching assistant, have taught me how to regulate and delegate important tasks.

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Liberal Arts student uses platform to educate others on the ... - Pennsylvania State University

Image still from a video about Structured Liberal Education student life. (Image credit: Structured Liberal Education)

On a bright, Saturday morning during Reunion Homecoming weekend, the Stanford Humanities Center was packed to the rafters as community members gathered to celebrate 50 years of the Structured Liberal Education (SLE) program.

Over 200 alumni came together, spilling out of Levinthal Hall and into the lobby, as well as dozens more over Zoom, to reflect with current Stanford students, faculty, and staff about SLEs lasting impact on their lives.

SLE is often described as a small liberal arts college experience within the larger research university. Each year, some 90 frosh learn and live together in two dorms at East Florence Moore Hall FloMo where the program is housed today. Together, they engage with classical texts in philosophy, religion, literature, art and painting, and film, thinking deeply about the ideas that shaped the world, and in turn, how those ideas might shape them.

SLE represents the kind of liberal education that I would hope all Stanford students would receive in one form or another, said Stanford President Richard Saller in his remarks to attendees. Though the world is moving toward large datasets and digital applications including to the humanities I dont think that it replaces the value of close reading, analytical thinking, and writing that is essential to complement the technical skills that now Stanford is known for.

Some of the speakers at SLEs 50th anniversary event included, from left to right: Michael Taubman 04, Greg Watkins BA 85, PhD 03, Jeff Stone 78, and Gabby Bockhaus 96. (Image credit: Sunny Scott)

The morning event included appreciation and anecdotes from faculty and former students.

Jon Reider, 67, PhD 83, who helped co-found SLE with Mark Mancall, described early iterations of the program and what it was like starting SLE in the early 70s at Grove House, one of the first coeducational residences approved by Stanford administrators.

Today, SLE remains strong, fulfilling many of the undergraduate requirements, including the first-year Civic, Liberal, and Global Education (COLLEGE), PWR 1 & 2 requirements, and three of the WAYS requirements.

How SLE has endured at a university that has seen an experimentation with and evolution of its undergraduate requirement from Introduction to the Humanities (or IHUM) to Thinking Matters and most recently, COLLEGE was a question Jeffrey Stone, 78, who is a member of the Stanford University Board of Trustees, posed to two administrative leaders: Sarah Church, vice provost for undergraduate education, and Marisa Galvez, SLEs current director.

Its not even that its flexible enough to survive all the different requirements, its already naturally fulfilling, said Church, who went on to describe how the program encapsulates the universitys goals of offering students both a strong, liberal education and a fulfilling residential experience. What we want students to learn doesnt change with the times. The route may change, but SLE is there.

Meanwhile, SLE is also expanding its reach to the broader Stanford community through the new neighborhood structure. It is also hosting salon-style events that are open to the greater public.

Galvez shared how she balances SLEs traditions, which are rooted in the classics, with contemporary texts as well, bringing in faculty who can speak to students evolving, diverse interests. But amidst SLEs reverence for such foundational texts, SLE is also rooted in the idea that you look at the classics to challenge them, to engage in Socratic dialogue, as [political science professor and SLE lecturer] Rob Reich says, Question your founding principles, your assumptions, and lets build a community where we can have that constructive dialogue, Galvez said.

Three SLE alumni also spoke at the event, including Marissa Mayer, a business executive and the former CEO of Yahoo!

Mayer credited the interdisciplinary nature of SLE with giving her a foundation for a new way of approaching problems in the world. SLE was really the first time I started seeing all the connections between disciplines, Mayer said. Trying to understand all those connections and how it is all connected is one of the things that I really was awakened to and something that I still feel on a daily basis.

The event concluded with remarks from longtime SLE lecturer and resident fellow Greg Watkins, 85, PhD 03, and Michael Taubman, 04, a high school teacher and a Stanford Digital Education fellow, who are working with Matthew Rascoff to bring SLE programming into Title I high schools across the country. The introduction and closing were delivered by SLE alum Gabby Bockhaus, 96.

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Stanford celebrates 50 years of Structured Liberal Education ... - Stanford University News

Brookline has always considered itself special. And, in many ways, it is.

Originally a rural retreat for Massachusetts ruling class, the town sprang to life when a Gilded Age speculator brought a trolley line to Beacon Street and invited famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to transform what had been a country lane into a fashionable boulevard.

Then as now, convenient transit was a draw. Brownstones and apartment buildings rose up to accommodate early commuters, and generations of young professionals followed. With three branches of the Green Line, Brookline became a streetcar suburb like no other, providing easy proximity to the regions top colleges, hospitals, and the Financial District.

Green Line commuters arrived at Coolidge Corner Station, one of many stops along three trolley lines that come to Brookline. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

It is a vibrant and varied community, one that broadcasts an ethos of inclusivity: Outside Town Hall, a rainbow-striped crosswalk leads to a Black Lives Matter sign so enormous, it might be the name of the building.

But the towns history on zoning has long broadcast a very different message one of exclusion. Brookline has become a preserve for the privileged, with homes priced out of reach for many who want to live here, including children raised in town and hoping to make their adult home here and many of its municipal employees. Housing built to be affordable is also in short supply; the local inventory falls slightly below the 10 percent threshold set by the state anti-snob zoning law.

And, notwithstanding that big Town Hall sign, there are comparatively few Black people who live in Brookline just 2.5 percent of the population. That is the second-lowest percentage of any community that borders Boston and Brookline doesnt just border Boston; it is enveloped by the city.

Brookline, like many suburbs, has been fending off multifamily housing construction for decades, exacerbating a regional housing shortage that has spiraled out of control, with many more jobs created than houses built. That puts huge upward pressure on prices, which have far outstripped the means of most buyers. Its an opportunity gap with deep roots and far-reaching economic effects a crisis hard for existing homeowners to feel, much less worry about, as their own properties grow ever more valuable. The journey on Zillow seems only to go up.

In Brookline, a town of about 63,000 residents, data show that residential construction plunged 50 years ago, after residents balked at the density of new apartment complexes being developed and dialed back height limits for new buildings.

In the ensuing decades, those who already lived in Brookline effectively kept others out by creating historic preservation districts, filing lawsuits against developments, and endorsing zoning changes that limit growth and preserve value.

This sort of exclusionary playbook has been used throughout much of Massachusetts, where home prices have risen faster since 1980 than in any other state. The median selling price for single-family homes in Greater Boston climbed to a record $910,000 in July, according to the Greater Boston Association of Realtors. That would barely buy a condo in Brookline, where the median price hit $927,500 this summer. For single-family homes, the number was more than double that $2.5 million, data from The Warren Group show.

Brookline offers a striking case study in the depth of suburban resistance to change. But it is no cookie-cutter suburb. The northern part of Brookline has a decidedly urban feel, filled with apartment buildings built decades before the town reined in housing development. Though its southern portion is dominated by luxe mansions and lush lawns, this is the rare suburb that has more multifamily units than single-family homes. Brookline also stands out nationally for its liberal reputation, with leaders often making pronouncements related to climate change and social justice.

It is, in short, the kind of community one might think would welcome a historic new state law requiring more multifamily homes to be allowed near transit lines to help relieve the regions dire housing shortfall. But over the past year, the state law has spurred intense resistance in Brookline as in some other towns facing the same pressure. Opponents here resented both the imposition of a rigid mandate by the state and its judgmental implication: That Brookline, no ordinary suburb, is part of the problem.

We have mad, mad, crazy amounts of multifamily housing. Were not Sprawlsville, said Linda Olson Pehlke, a resident and urban planner who led much of the early opposition.

We have mad, mad, crazy amounts of multifamily housing. Were not Sprawlsville.

A competing faction of housing advocates is pushing for Brookline to welcome as much housing as possible. One of their rallying cries: Many of the people who protect and serve Brookline cant even live here.

The local schools are a well-earned source of pride, but then theres this: Only 14 percent of Brookline teachers live in town, according to municipal data provided to the Globe. The median salary of a public school educator doesnt come close to what homeownership in Brookline demands.

Similarly, only 21 percent of Brooklines police officers and 22 percent of firefighters reside here.

Not even the fire chief lives in Brookline.

I would have moved to Brookline if it was economically viable, said John F. Sullivan, who lives in Worcester, where he worked for three decades. When he took over as chief in 2018, Sullivan recalled, only one of Brooklines department heads lived in town, and that was someone who had inherited a family home.

Colby Tinsley played jazz on Harvard Street in Coolidge Corner. Many residents want to preserve the neighborhoods eclectic style. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Struck by the changing demographics, many renters and young parents are pushing Brookline to be part of a regional housing solution by embracing more development at all price points to alleviate demand. Those advocates have been showing up to enthusiastically support proposals at zoning meetings and offer a seldom-heard yes-in-my-backyard message.

Their intense, coordinated campaign has led to a potential compromise with the opposing side that, if it holds, could lead to hundreds of new housing units in the years to come.

With a key town vote expected as early as this month and a state deadline at the end of this year, Brookline has become a litmus test of suburbs willingness to help reckon with the regional crisis.

I know that the world is watching Brookline, said Judi Barrett, a planner who consults for the town.

An air of exceptionalism has always hung over Brookline, a suburb described as an island of privilege surrounded on three sides by Boston neighborhoods in one book chronicling its development.

Brookline had a sense of its otherness, its specialness, from really the late 18th century onward, said Keith N. Morgan, lead author of Community By Design and a Boston University professor emeritus.

Brookline refused to be annexed by the city of Boston 150 years ago this year, distinguishing itself from Roxbury, Dorchester, Charlestown, Brighton, West Roxbury, and Jamaica Plain. That left the town an island of Norfolk County floating between Suffolk and Middlesex counties. On the map, it makes no sense, but the town chose to remain apart.

One of the nations first streetcar suburbs, Brookline was early on dubbed the Garden of Boston, and the richest town in the world. Olmsted, who designed Central Park and Bostons Emerald Necklace, was among the wealthy notables who set down roots here, along with his friend and collaborator Henry Hobson Richardson, the architect who designed Bostons Trinity Church; art collector Isabella Stewart Gardner; and financial publisher Henry V. Poor the P in Wall Streets S & P.

Brookline Village, or Village Square, was the earliest hub for retail in Brookline. This 1915 photo shows the stretch of Washington Street looking west to what is now Route 9. (Photo by F.B. Smith, courtesy of National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site)

Harvard Street was built as the road to the colleges, and the town has always attracted intellectuals and academics. Today, educational attainment is so high here that a bachelors degree is just an appetizer. More than 40 percent of residents over 25 have masters or professional degrees (like M.D.s and J.D.s). And over 16 percent hold PhDs a share higher than any community in the state, except the college towns of Amherst and Williamstown, according to census surveys.

For all of its prosperity, extreme inequality was evident early on in Brookline, as were exclusionary tactics. One of the nations earliest examples of a racially restrictive covenant comes from an 1855 deed for a property near the Longwood Mall, a park near the Riverway, that prohibited the buyer from renting it to tanners, butchers, negroes, or natives of Ireland.

In the early 20th century, after the state permitted communities to do so, Brookline joined many Greater Boston towns in banning triple-decker wooden homes that trademark New England structure so often occupied by poor immigrants. The campaign against triple-deckers was led by anti-immigrant Brahmins like Joseph Lee and Prescott Farnsworth Hall, a Brookline resident who cofounded a national group called the Immigration Restriction League, which condemned the mixing of races and the influx of immigrants they deemed racially inferior.

Hall also led the Brookline Civic Society, the group credited in historic records for petitioning the town to adopt a zoning code in 1922. Two years later, Town Meeting unanimously voted to create a district where only single-family homes would be permitted. It encompassed most of the towns acreage.

Many of the apartment and condo buildings in north Brookline, such as these Beacon Street units, were built decades before the town was rezoned to limit apartment development. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

By then, many of Brooklines apartments had already been built and the gatekeepers of good taste were trying to ward off other urban incursions. A movie theater, then considered risqu, was repeatedly rejected by town leaders and by voters. The Brookline Chronicle predicted in 1915 that with the influx of moving pictures, the future of these streets will be doomed.

It would take over two decades for Brookline to accept a local theater, which opened in a former Universalist church in 1933. Now, the Coolidge Corner Theatre is widely viewed as a regional treasure.

The full arc of Americas approach to middle-class housing from embrace to abandonment can be neatly told in the story of one postwar housing development in Brookline called Hancock Village.

Construction of moderate-cost housing flourished in the years immediately following World War II, as communities tried to accommodate returning veterans and their families the famous Baby Boom.

Hancock Village sprang from a partnership the town of Brookline formed with John Hancock Insurance Co. Built between 1946 and 1949, the garden-style development of 789 units stretched into West Roxbury and was marketed to veterans at below-market prices.

A view down Gerry Road as a neighbor spoke with a deliveryman from Happy Home Service at Hancock Village in Brookline, which was built in the 1940s. (Brookline Preservation Commission Archives)

Six decades later, the appetite for low-cost housing had passed. The town of Brookline rebuffed a developers proposal to expand Hancock Village by building more townhouses and an apartment building. Fierce opposition came not just from neighbors, but from the town Select Board, which joined residents in fighting the project in court.

What had changed during those decades? Plenty.

Urban renewal had plowed down two entire neighborhoods of Brookline in the 1950s and 1960s, demolishing tenements to make way for modern buildings including Town Hall, the sprawling Brook House condominium complex, and public housing developments. The early 1970s brought a surge of proposals for apartment buildings such as Dexter Park, a nine-story complex of over 400 units in the Coolidge Corner area that residents tried to block.

Rattled by the pace and scale of the changes, Brookline Town Meeting members voted to scale back apartment density in 1973. First, they temporarily banned construction of buildings with six or more units, while notably exempting public housing. Then they imposed strict height limits and design review standards along the towns main corridors, where the largest apartment buildings were being built. At the same time, they reduced maximum building heights in local districts along Harvard Street. They also decided that no multifamily buildings with 10 or more units could be built anywhere in Brookline without a special permit.

Those decisions instantly stunted residential growth around the town just as tumultuous societal changes, propelled in part by the Civil Rights Movement, were reshaping the development patterns of cities and suburbs. Boston would soon erupt into violence over court-ordered busing to integrate schools, and white flight to the suburbs would accelerate.

Brooklines effort to squash apartment construction within its borders 50 years ago was remarkably successful: Only about 3,700 housing units have been built since then, assessing records show. In comparison, Brookline saw far more robust development in the previous decade, building about the same number of units in just 12 years.

Todays pro-housing activists look back at the restrictive zoning decisions made 50 years ago with a jaundiced eye.

While the folks who downzoned Brookline in 1973 did not draw a race-based red zone ... they clearly wanted to make it difficult for anyone new to move into this community, Katha Seidman, a board member for the pro-housing group Brookline for Everyone, said at a public hearing in September.

Hancock Village in south Brookline has been the subject of heated battles over multifamily housing. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Fast forward to 2011, when the owner of Hancock Village proposed a major expansion, including an apartment building with some affordable units. Neighbors were adamantly opposed, citing concerns about increased traffic, more students for the already crowded elementary school, and the need to protect a nearby nature preserve.

Apartment complexes so common in the northern part of Brookline are an anomaly in the southern portion of the town, below Route 9.

South Brookline is zoned almost entirely for single-family homes, in some spots with minimum lot sizes of 40,000 square feet. The neighborhood is characterized by open space, country estates, and golf courses, notably The Country Club, one of the first and most exclusive golf clubs in the nation.

When residents of South Brookline wanted to stop the expansion of Hancock Village, town leaders took an ironic tack: They exalted it as an example of a postwar housing development so unique it should be preserved as historic and protected from change.

Brookline Town Meeting crafted a bylaw that would allow the town to create so-called Neighborhood Conservation Districts. Then, Town Meeting members voted to create such a district around Hancock Village, limiting future changes to the landscape and capping building heights at 2.5 stories.

The developer, Chestnut Hill Realty, fought back and returned with an even larger plan that included more affordable housing units. Even after some town leaders negotiated a compromise, Town Meeting members voted it down.

It was a protracted legal battle, which the town ultimately lost. Four years ago, a Massachusetts Land Court judge invalidated the Hancock Village Neighborhood Conservation District, calling it impermissible spot zoning that was clearly designed to block the development.

Construction workers at the Puddingstone at Chestnut Hill on Sherman Road in Brookline. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Hancock Village got its permits. Much bigger now than when it was first proposed, the development will add 461 units, including a six-story apartment building called Puddingstone.

With 250 apartments, Puddingstone wont be the largest building in Brookline. There were already 28 residential complexes in town with 100 or more units. But its the only one of that size built in this century. Brookline hasnt permitted a project with 100 units or more since 1984.

The tradition of local control over zoning has tended to empower opponents of new apartments and condos in Brookline and beyond.

A few years ago, Boston University researchers published a study documenting what was anecdotally evident to anyone who has ever attended a zoning board meeting: Development proposals draw overwhelmingly negative feedback. They concluded this by tracking public participation in planning and zoning board meetings in 97 Massachusetts cities and towns.

While voters in these towns supported affordable housing construction in the abstract, the researchers wrote, a significant majority of those attending meetings opposed specific project proposals.

In many Massachusetts towns, residents can do far more than voice their complaints at zoning meetings. They can cast deciding votes against housing proposals.

At a September public hearing, Select Board member Michael Sandman, left, talks with David Pollak, a member of a committee studying Brookline's rezoning efforts, as Select Board Chair Bernard Greene and members John VanScoyoc and Paul Warren prepare for the session to start. Richard Benka, shown on Zoom, later addresses the hearing. After many residents opposed Brooklines initial rezoning plan, the Select Board appointed Benka to head a committee to come up with an alternative. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Town meeting, that quintessentially New England form of deliberative democracy, has the final say in town zoning changes, giving participating citizens hyper-local control over land use. Most Massachusetts towns have an open town meeting, where any resident can show up and vote. Brookline has a representative town meeting, which requires members to run for election to participate.

Town meeting is often viewed as the truest form of representative democracy. But the 255 members of Brookline Town Meeting are dramatically unrepresentative of the towns population on two points age and levels of homeownership, a Globe review found.

After the election in May, the median age of Brookline Town Meeting members was about 60 far older than the median age of all Brookline residents, which is about 35. Though Brooklines population skews young with 30 percent millennials only about 13 percent of Town Meeting members are millennials or younger. A majority of Town Meeting members, nearly 55 percent, are either baby boomers or members of the generation before them, the Globe review found.

Most strikingly, in a town where more units are rented than owner-occupied, the people elected to Brookline Town Meeting are overwhelmingly homeowners, the Globe found. Eighty-five percent of Town Meeting members own their own homes or live in properties owned by their spouse, partner, parents, or other relatives. Only about 15 percent of Town Meeting members are renters, the Globe found.

Amanda Zimmerman and Jeff Wachter at home with their children, Jacob, 6, (left) Alana, 9, and Micah, 2. The couple helped form a pro-housing group, Brookline for Everyone, after seeing other families priced out of the town. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

That concerns housing activists, who worry that the town leaders who control the valve of the housing supply through zoning have a vested interest in closing it.

They have acted, time and time again, to keep supply low so that their property values go up and up and up, said Amanda Zimmerman, a 40-year old neuroscientist and mother of three who cofounded Brookline for Everyone.

Or, as former Select Board member Raul Fernandez described Town Meeting: Its a homeowners association with a few renters.

Brookline residents will be the first to tell you that they support affordable housing. And, by some measures, they really do.

Brookline has an inclusionary zoning policy that requires developers of four or more units to set aside 15 percent of them as affordable. The town is home to a significant number of public housing units built by the state and federal governments decades ago and has directed local funding toward much-needed renovations to keep them open. The town even built an affordable housing development on Fisher Hill, a picturesque neighborhood designed by Olmsted where the earliest settlers signed deeds with covenants promising to never allow apartment houses in.

During a site walk of the town this summer, Brookline Planning Director Kara Brewton (left) talked with members of a committee considering zoning changes. Studying the zoning map were Ken Lewis, committee chairman Richard Benka, Linda Olson Pehlke, Katha Seidman, Neil Wishinsky, and David Pollak. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

But these few compromises have only produced a smattering of affordable units compared to all the high-end housing here.

From 1990 through 2020, Brookline added 8,473 people and just 2,608 housing units, according to data from the federal Census. Brooklines housing inventory increased 10.3 percent during that time. Predictably, the median price of a home skyrocketed 459 percent.

For people like Chima Ikonne, a 45-year-old father who teaches in Brookline, the local housing market has proved to be impossible.

They have acted, time and time again, to keep supply low so that their property values go up and up and up.

You put in an offer, youre competing with people who are willing to pay cash for everything, willing to offer $20,000 over asking, he said. These are people I cant really compete with.

Meanwhile, a community that prides itself on diversity is changing. Though its Asian, Latino, and multiracial numbers are on the rise, Brooklines Black population has declined from 3.4 percent in 2010 to 2.5 percent in 2020, data show, and there is a $50,000 gap in median household incomes between white and Black households, the Brookline Community Foundation found.

A recent report from the Partnership for Financial Equity and the Chicago-based Woodstock Institute documented how very few Black homebuyers there are in town. Of the 575 buyers who got residential mortgages in Brookline in 2021, only 11 of them were Black.

The preservation instinct is especially acute in a place as steeped in history as Brookline, the birthplace of President John F. Kennedy.

The Beals Street house where Kennedy was born was preserved as a national historic site after his death and restored to look as it had in 1917. Even today, his name is often summoned to ward off change to the neighborhood.

A cut-out of President Kennedy was placed outside his birthplace in Brookline. Visitors Angelica Rodriguez and George Reid talked with ranger Eleanor Katari outside the national historic site on Beals Street near Coolidge Corner. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Six years ago, one resident unsuccessfully beseeched the town to preserve an out-of-use gas station from being replaced by housing, calling it an example of the architecture of Kennedys childhood. The building at 455 Harvard Street is a quaint, early gas station probably used by the Kennedys for their new motorcar, she wrote, without providing evidence.

Reverence for Kennedy was most famously leveraged by Brookline residents who tried to preserve the shuttered church where he was baptized from being demolished for affordable housing.

St. Aidans Catholic Church was in a leafy but already dense neighborhood about halfway between Boston University and Coolidge Corner.

Still, neighbors erupted with opposition in 1999 when the Archdiocese of Boston proposed replacing the closed church with a six-story, 140-unit apartment building. Few of the opponents were parishioners, the Globe reported at the time. But their sophisticated efforts included outreach to the Vatican, hiring an expert in canon law, pleading for the creation of a historic district, and, eventually, filing a lawsuit in Superior Court.

Clockwise from top: The site where the The Million Dollar Tree stood outside St. Aidan's Church in Brookline, where a housing project was scaled back, in part, to save a tree. The tree died and had to be removed last year. A child joined a protest to save the 150-year-old copper beech tree from destruction in 2003. Members of the steering committee of the campaign to preserve St. Aidan's stood outside the church in 2001. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff, Amy Newman for The Boston Globe)

The archdiocese dialed back and agreed to preserve part of the church. Opponents then shifted their mission to protecting a 150-year-old copper beech tree in the path of construction. The tree inspired so much fervor prompting letters to the editor and poems to the Zoning Board that the planners decided to preserve it, too, though not without sarcasm. Town leaders took to calling it The Million Dollar Tree. One church official told the Globe that although it was a very nice tree if it comes down to housing 10 more families in need or keeping the tree, Im going to vote for the 10 families in need.

Brookline did not. When the St. Aidans development opened after an 11-year saga, it had only 59 units 42 percent of the original proposal and only 36 of them were affordable. When the first 20 low-income apartments were advertised, 500 people applied, the Globe reported.

The Million Dollar Tree was saved, but only for a time: It succumbed to beech leaf disease and had to be removed last year.

Deborah Brown, president of Brooklines Community Development Corporation, is no longer surprised by her towns resistance to change. At a public hearing in October, she challenged residents to consider if racism plays a role in their reluctance to allow more multifamily housing. She also noted that her 2018 proposal to rename a public school, which had been named after a slave owner, faced strong opposition before it ultimately passed.

If people fight that hard for a name, said Brown, what are they willing to do if they think their real estate values are in jeopardy?

Deborah Brown, president of the Brookline Community Development Corporation, is also a board member of Brookline for Everyone, which has pushed for more multifamily housing units to be built in town. (Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff)

Colorful yard signs that dotted Brookline lawns in May illustrated the divisive political fight between two factions in one of the most hotly contested local elections in recent memory.

Lets Make a Plan, said the blue-on-white sign of Brookline by Design, the group that wants to limit development.

Were for Housing. Transit. People, said Brookline for Everyones sign, featuring a silhouetted image of a streetscape.

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Brookline homes: One wealthy liberal town reckons with its past - The Boston Globe

The state auditor of Mississippi recently released an eight-page report suggesting that the state should invest more in college degree programs that could improve the value they provide to both taxpayers and graduates.

That means state appropriations should focus more on engineering and business programs, said Shad White, the auditor, and less on liberal arts majors like anthropology, womens studies and German language and literature.

Those graduates not only earn less, Mr. White said, but they are also less likely to stay in Mississippi. More than 60 percent of anthropology graduates leave to find work, he said.

If I were advising my kids, I would say first and foremost, you have to find a degree program that combines your passion with some sort of practical skill that the world actually needs, Mr. White said in an interview. (He has three small children, far from college age.)

For years, economists and more than a few worried parents have argued over whether a liberal arts degree is worth the price. The debate now seems to be over, and the answer is no.

Not only are public officials, like Mr. White, questioning state support for the humanities, a growing number of universities, often aided by outside consultants, are now putting many cherished departments art history, American studies on the chopping block. They say they are facing headwinds, including students who are fleeing to majors more closely aligned to employment.

West Virginia University recently sent layoff notices to 76 people, including 32 tenured faculty members, as part of its decision to cut 28 academic programs many in areas like languages, landscape architecture and the arts.

Several other public institutions have announced or proposed cuts to programs, largely in the humanities, including the University of Alaska, Eastern Kentucky University, North Dakota State University, Iowa State University and the University of Kansas, according to The Hechinger Report, an education journal.

Miami University, a public institution in Oxford, Ohio, with 20,000 students, is reappraising 18 undergraduate majors, each of which has fewer than 35 students enrolled, including French and German, American studies, art history, classical studies and religion.

Those departments are dwarfed by computer science, which has 600 students enrolled; finance, with 1,400; marketing, with 1,200; and nursing, with almost 700.

For the humanities faculty, its an existential crisis, Elizabeth Reitz Mullenix, provost of Miami University, said in an interview. Theres so much pressure about return on investment.

She said that she hoped that the subject matter, if not the majors, could be salvaged, perhaps by creating more interdisciplinary programs, like cybersecurity and philosophy.

The shift has been happening over decades. In 1970, education and combined social sciences and history degrees were the most popular majors, according to federal statistics.

Today, the most popular degree is business, at 19 percent of all bachelors degrees, while social sciences trail far behind at just 8 percent of degrees.

Many courses on the endangered list are also dissonant with an expanding conservative political agenda. And many public universities are loath to invite further scrutiny of their already stagnant state subsidies.

At Miami University, degrees on the chopping block include critical race and ethnic studies, social justice studies and womens, gender and sexuality studies.

Mr. White, the Republican state auditor, said his first question was whether state spending on degree programs matched the needs of the economy. But he said that he also wanted to know, Are we paying or using taxpayer money to fund programs that teach the professors ideology, and not just a set of skills on how to approach problems in the world?

Liberal arts professors are trying to defend themselves, using arguments tailored to an economy that is rapidly shifting while also appealing to a more august vision of lifes possibilities.

In a recent YouTube video bluntly titled Is a Humanities Degree Worth It? Jeffrey Cohen, the dean of the humanities at Arizona State University, defends his domain as a pathway toward not just a job but a lifetime of career reinvention.

Our students are living in a time when the career that theyve trained for is not likely to be the career that theyre going to be following 10 years later, Mr. Cohen says. Studying the humanities, he argues, will teach them how to be nimble.

In a recent panel discussion in New York City, sponsored by Plough, a quarterly Christian-oriented magazine, Roosevelt Monts, a senior lecturer in American studies and English at Columbia University, suggested that universities should push back against a strictly careerist view of education.

Its not true that all students want from a college is the job, he said. They are hungry for an education that transforms them, an education that addresses their entire selves, not just a bank account.

But that argument seems to be faltering almost everywhere.

Harvard, which has an endowment of more than $50 billion, formed a strategic planning committee to look at humanities education. One idea, a university spokesman said, would consolidate three language majors into one super major: languages, literatures and cultures.

There is also collateral damage. In early October, Gettysburg College shut down The Gettysburg Review. In its heyday, the magazine, founded in 1988, published writers like E.L. Doctorow, Joyce Carol Oates and Rita Dove. More recently, it has prided itself on publishing up-and-coming writers.

The editors of the magazine, Lauren Hohle and Mark Drew, were caught off guard when the college provost told them they were being fired.

She said were not serving the core mission of the college, Mr. Drew recalled. I was going to say, What is the core mission? I thought this was a liberal arts institution. But I was trying not to be snarky.

To Mr. Drew, The Review, with about 1,100 paying subscribers, was a symbol to the outside world of the colleges commitment to the humanities. But to the universitys president, Robert Iuliano, the review was a money pit that might have bolstered the colleges reputation among the literati, but at a cost to the student body.

The magazine earned about $30,000 to 40,000 a year in subscription revenue, and the operating cost is something like five times more than that, he said.

We have been really thinking hard about what it means to prepare students for todays world, he said, because you know, its changing with such rapidity. That means, he added, offering courses that could be twinned with hands-on experiential opportunities.

Mr. White, the Mississippi state auditor, majored in political science and economics at the University of Mississippi before becoming a Rhodes scholar and a graduate of Harvard Law School a fine example, perhaps, of the value of the liberal arts.

But if he could do it over again, he might switch majors, he said, because political science majors dont command a high salary. Working on a campaign or in government might be more valuable experience than the degree, he said.

Mr. White said he personally would have liked to play acoustic guitar for a living. But he doubted his chances for success, given the small number of jobs available.

Then he seemed to reconsider, conceding: If you dig into the data, music majors do pretty well for whatever reason. They go to work at schools, they go to work at the university setting, or they work in churches.

So on reflection, he softened his message. What I would tell students is, dont write off all of liberal arts, he said. Dont write off all of the fine arts.

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The Value of a Liberal Arts Degree: Whats the Return on Investment? - The New York Times

Ventura County, California sheriffs officials say an investigation into the death of Paul Kessler, a liberal political activist who was killed during a counter-protest in support of Israel at a pro-Palestinian demonstration Sunday, is ongoing and that there is a known suspect, Grace Toohey, Jeremy Childs, Richard Winton, Noah Goldberg, and Terry Casleman report for the Los Angeles Times.

An autopsy shows Kessler died from a blunt force head injury, typical to a fall, which investigators say was sustained during an altercation between him and a pro-Palestinian protestor. Witnesses from both sides of the protests shared conflicting statements about what led to Kesslers fatal fall and who the aggressor was. One protestor said that he saw one of the pro-Palestinian protesters hit someone with his megaphone. The Anti-Defamation League called on law enforcement to launch a thorough investigation to determine who is responsible. Police say that the suspect, who told authorities he was involved in an altercation with Kessler before he fell and hit his head, has been cooperative with investigators and was, in fact, among those who called 911.

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California Police Say Investigation Ongoing into Death of Liberal Pro ... - Crime Report