Monthly Archives: June 2023

UNITED WE STAND: THE FIERCE URGENCY OF NOW – Savannah Tribune

Posted: June 2, 2023 at 8:16 pm

Since the first decade of the 20th Century, Black Greek-lettered organizations have worked to protect the interests and Constitutional rights of African Americans on college campuses and in the communities they serve. Now, more than 100 years later, the 2.5 million+ members of the nine National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) organizations find themselves standing vigilant against Jim Crowesque attacks from those who seek to undermine the foundational freedoms of Black people and marginalized communities across our United States.

Emboldened by divisive white nationalist rhetoric from prominent American political leaders and influential media figures, state and local officials have introduced and adopted laws that target efforts to diminish and/or erase diversity, equity and inclusion efforts at public institutions. For example, Floridas governor recently signed legislation that bans the states public colleges and universities from spending money on diversity, equity and inclusion programs a clear retrograde for our nations education system.

In addition, members of K-12 school boards across America have considered and adopted policies to severely limit students exposure to perspectives, research and ideas that deviate from narrow and sometimes inaccurate depictions of American culture and history. As a result, educators have been blocked from presenting books and curricular topics that examine systems of oppression like slavery, racism, and sexism; as well as historical stories of marginalized people that overcame said oppressive systems to make this country a better place.

As a result, local school districts have been transformed into political battlegrounds where extremist activists wage divisive and faux attacks on so-called woke culture while seeking to impose a neo-segregationist framework in public education. This is a deliberate attempt to undermine the intent of the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education by devaluing the benefits of integration and culturally inclusive curriculum. This is not a popular movement, but one driven by a small group of well-funded, extremist activists with a clear intent to destroy public and culturally inclusive education as a public good.

Many of the same political leaders who are motivated to ban books that present difficult truths about the sins of America are utterly silent and unwilling to grapple with daunting challenges like gun violence which continues to plague the communities in which we live and serve. Issues like the irresponsibly laxed availability of assault weapons, which has facilitated mass shootings of American children, should be countered with sensible gun legislation to protect the lives of all Americans.

Yet all around us, the courts and elected officials are constantly eroding our rights; including a womans right to bodily autonomy.

A small minority of Americans appear to wield outsized influence, leaving the majority feeling increasingly disempowered. In the face of systemic social, political, and economic injustices, its impossible to overstate the ominous impact that overturning Roe v. Wade will have on the lives, safety, and wellbeing of not just women, but men and families alike. Additionally, the sheer consequences of inaction at a time such as this would have a devastating impact on the lives and liberties of many generations to come.

At this pivotal moment in history, the NPHCs Council of Presidents reaffirms our commitment to civic engagement and through our chapters, will present programming to inform our communities of the potential consequences of laws that would erode or prevent the expansion of our rights.

We will stand united and steadfast in leading and organizing efforts to oppose restrictive laws and work to enact laws that will expand freedoms for all Americans.

We will continue to push our members to fully engage in the political system as voters, election volunteers and elected officials.

And like our organizations founders and elders, well use our talents and resources to fight against oppression because complacency is too high a cost to pay today and sacrifice for future generations.

The National Pan-Hellenic Council, Incorporated (NPHC) is currently composed of nine (9) International Greek letter Sororities and Fraternities: Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc., Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc., Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc., Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc., and Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. For more information, visit http://www.nphchq.com or CONTACT: Donna Jones Anderson, 470- 898-8655, president@nphchq.com.

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UNITED WE STAND: THE FIERCE URGENCY OF NOW - Savannah Tribune

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No, MLK Was Not a Christian Nationalist – Word and Way

Posted: at 8:16 pm

Its always tough to know whether youre helping or just adding fuel to the fire when you amplify a so-called bad take only in order to refute it, so I try to refrain from the practice in general. But this opinion piece really stuck in my stomach the argument it made was so damaging as well as so uninformed that it made me feel physically ill.

To make things worse, this op-ed was also written on a topic that happens to be a research specialty of mine: White Christian Nationalism in America and its growth in recent years.

I came across the article through a tweet from Religion News Service writer Jack Jenkins, who was frustrated that the writer tried to discount the meaning of Christian Nationalism by suggesting that it wasnt clearly defined.

Hm, I thought, let me read this.

To simplify things for you, I will summarize the article here:

I am going to attempt to be snarky here and make fun of the myriad of dedicated researchers, pastors, theologians, and historians who have well-documented the existence and danger of Christian Nationalism in several books, by doing a quick cursory study of exactly one of those books and frameworks, setting it up as a straw man headed by a White former Southern Baptist thirty years younger than me (Im 87) to say that I think I am a Christian Nationalist and of course, if I think I am one it cant be a bad thing.

Also, I will throw in there an aside that Martin Luther King, Jr., was also a Christian Nationalist, so it cant be a movement based on racism (as countless scholars have proven it most certainly is, foremost among them Black researchers and Christian thought leaders such as Jemar Tisby, PhD, Prof. Anthea Butler, Dante Stewart, and many, many more).

I will ignore the seminal work and study connecting Christian Nationalism to gender-based violence and gender roles in the church, particularly the role of abuse of women and children in the church (convenient, as I am a Catholic), and will refuse to engage with the work of scholars like Kristin Du Mez and Beth Allison Barr, the powerful witness of Beth Moore, and the well-documented survivor stories of journalist Sarah Stankorb.

Basically, I will ignore the huge body of work that refutes everything Im saying, and instead continue on my dangerous path of whataboutism, ignoring the history of the theology of glory, which leads Christians to confuse salvation with worldly power and esteem, and a suggestion that Gods Kingdom is meant primarily for White American Christians.

The first time I read this abomination of an op-ed, I think I came at it from a journalist lens similar to Jenkins, and I was frustrated that such a well-respected news organization like the Post would publish something that has so little engagement with reality. It came off to me basically like a befuddled older man being frustrated that research and current thinking on American religion had left him behind, while he spent his entire professional career as editor of the religion section for Newsweek magazine. A position that Im almost certain no longer exists and would also not afford a middle-class American lifestyle, much less supporting an entire family, as it did for this writer.

And let me be clear here, too, that while I think its relevant that this op-ed was written by an 87-year-old former journalist who has written several books published by major New York publishers, I do not wish to suggest that the writers age means he cannot make valuable contributions to scholarship/journalism today.

In fact, I know many of you who read this might be officially classified as seniors according to the AARP. And I value and treasure the witness and wisdom and learning Ive received from each and every one of you. There is great value in listening to our elders and understanding the lessons of the past when applied to the present.

This op-ed is not that at all, unfortunately. Instead, the writer engages in dangerous historical revisionism, failing to listen to and learn from the lessons of the past, in order to, I can only imagine, preserve his own sense of power and esteem in a world that maybe he feels is passing him by. And unfortunately, the Washington Post was more than happy to oblige.

Maybe they thought it was cute or funny that this writer declared himself to be an innocuous Christian Nationalist, thereby writing off the whole thing as a sort of Proud to be an American exercise in flag-waving, hot-dog-eating, fireworks-watching, Onward Christian Soldiers-singing worship service.

Thats the thing, though. Only someone who knows that hes not one bit threatened by the violence, hatred, and destruction wrought by Christian Nationalism could write such an article, and only someone willfully ignorant to their own risk or similarly unthreatened could decide to publish it at the Post.

Women, of course, especially those of us women who happen to be ordained clergy members or happen to be experts in this field, know much better. In fact, after appearing in a viral video about Christian Nationalism last week, I was the proud recipient of several hate comments and notes sent to my email, as well as one disturbing packet sent to me via USPS priority mail (I have no idea how he got my home address).

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Black and brown Americans, AAPI Americans, and LGBTQIA Americans know this threat all too well, too. One only has to watch the rightwing Christian response to the killing of Jordan Neely on a New York City subway to know that the lives of Black Americans still do not matter the same as those of white Americans to so many in this country, the valiant work of Black Lives Matter notwithstanding.

We have a national lynching memorial established in Alabama with 805 hanging steel rectangles representing each U.S. county where a documented lynching took place. And still, last month, 16-year-old Black teenager Ralph Yarl was shot and nearly killed in Kansas City just for ringing the doorbell of his white neighbor.

The lies of Christian Nationalism kill. They inspired the shooter who killed nine people, including three children, at a mall outside Dallas. They were the impetus that sent a shooter in rural New York on a killing rampage in a Buffalo grocery store where hed researched that he would have the highest probability of killing the most Black victims.

The lies of white Christian Nationalism sent ELCA Lutheran-raised 21-year-old white man Dylann Roof into a Bible study prayer meeting at a famous and historic Black congregation in Charleston, where after being warmly welcomed to join the group, he killed nine of the same Bible Study participants who welcomed him in, all of whom were Black.

Thats where this road of white Christian Nationalism ends. It ends in death. Death first for the most vulnerable, but ultimately death for us all. Death too for the progenitors of violence and hatred, which often begins as hatred directed at themselves. Death due to poverty and violence and despair around the world, for an inability to see or care about the ways our greed and actions impact those far from us those who arent Americans or self-declared Christians, but those who suffer because of our choices, political and economic.

Its breathtaking to me that someone who was immensely privileged to spend his entire career working at the intersection of journalism and religion, in a position and career class that frankly no longer exists, would so carelessly fan the flames of hatred and violence in Christianitys name, all to I guess absolve himself of his own self-guilt due to benefiting from American white Christian Nationalism.

Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mathew Ahmann in a crowd on 8/28/1963. Original black and white negative by Rowland Scherman (The National Archives and Records Administration). Colorized by Jordan J. Lloyd. (U.S. Information Agency. Press and Publications Service. ca. 1953-ca. 1978.)

And heres the final thing I want to say about this and it might be the most important.

It took me years of reporting, studying, and research and honestly a period of self-introspection, reflection, and repentance after the murder of George Floyd not far from my house to recognize the massive role that white American Christian racism plays in the growth of white Christian Nationalism in this country.

American Christian Nationalism is built on a belief that America is the Promised Land and that Jesus came especially to save, redeem, and uplift Americans. Extrapolate that promise and history just a little bit, and you realize that such an understanding of America requires a purposeful ignorance of Americas racial sins: beginning with slavery and people brought against their will to America from Africa and continuing in killing and subjugating and abusing Indigenous peoples, and on to lynchings and segregation and redlining and mass incarceration and police brutality and healthcare inequalities and the war on drugs and micro-aggressions and all the ways in which White American Christians maintain their sense of superiority by promulgating a belief system that necessitates the dehumanization of Black Americans (and by extension, anyone who isnt a cishet conservative, wealthy White man).

To suggest, as this article did, that the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., himself was a Christian Nationalist is among the most pernicious and racist sins of Christian Nationalism itself. Dr. King was steeped in the global liberation movements of his time, and while he was called particularly to the struggle of Black Americans his theology was such that called for the liberation of all people, the same Gospel witness lifted up by Jesus himself.

Thus Dr. King preached against the demonization of the poor, the soulless evil of unfettered capitalism and predatory debt; and he connected the struggle of Black Americans to the struggle of oppressed peoples all over the world. His was an inclusive gospel, even as I acknowledge that as no human is neither was Dr. King perfect, particularly in his understanding of the need for the liberation of women and LGBTQIA Americans.

No one person can fully encompass the liberation of Jesus Gospel, just the same as no one country or people can lay claim to the redemption and glory that Jesus promises the world. The lie of white Christian Nationalism is that white American Christians are especially saved. The specialness of our salvation is its exclusivity, they claim, but the New Testament says the exact opposite: the specialness of Jesus salvation is its inclusivity.

If only conservative scholars would dwell more on Pauls revolutionary words in this sense, and less on his particular prohibitions to the women of Corinth during worship, or the sexual practices of the Roman world.

The inimical sin of this article in calling Americas most famous Black preacher himself a Christian Nationalist is that by doing so it attempts to inoculate white Christian Nationalism itself from claims of being racist. No, of course this movement cannot be racist (and implicitly, neither can I if I support it, this author suggests) because look, a Black preacher himself was a Christian Nationalist.

Notably, the article does not even attempt to back up such an insupportable claim, and mentions it almost as an aside, so much so that I missed it upon first reading.

This is so often the case, though, is it not? That its not the loudest pronouncements, the most egregious offenders, that lead to mass movements of hatred. It is not the men with the fashy haircuts carrying tiki torches, or the shooter covered in swastika tattoos, or the writers of online manifestos, dangerous as they are, who we must be most careful to guard against.

Instead, it is those who look presentable, in 3-piece suits with careful language and elite college pedigrees, who serve as apologists for hate. Those who couch their language in studied terms and phrases, who often appeal to the center and who say, You know, I am a registered Democrat, but

It is those who spend their lives in elite media siloes, then cast stones at others who dare to call out clear and present danger to themselves when powerful people continue to platform a violent, convicted sex offender.

It is those who make their money on the backs of young, underpaid, inexperienced journalists, or those independently wealthy enough to do a professional job for a salary just barely above minimum wage; those who make their news-worthy decisions primarily on how they will play with Wall Street, shareholders, and SEO.

It is those who decided, oh, this will be a fun, snarky little op-ed to publish in the Washington Post about Christian Nationalism, undermining the work of countless scholars and eyewitnesses because we are too busy or too scared to actually account for the damage its wreaking on America. And worse, to clearly see our role in allowing it to fester, grow, metastasize, and kill.

Angela Denker is a Lutheran pastor and veteran journalist. She has written for many publications, including Sports Illustrated, The Washington Post, and FORTUNE magazine. Denker has appeared on CNN, BBC, and SkyNews to share her research on politics and Christian Nationalism in the U.S. Her book, Red State Christians: Understanding the Voters who elected Donald Trump, was the 2019 Silver Foreword Indies award-winner for political and social sciences. The revised edition ofRed State Christians,subtitled: A Journey into White Christian Nationalism and the Wreckage it leaves behind,came outAug. 16and is currently available everywhere books are sold.

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No, MLK Was Not a Christian Nationalist - Word and Way

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MinStrength: An Alternative to Performance Rating – ChessBase

Posted: at 8:16 pm

Performance ratings struggle to deal with perfect scores. Some online calculators will simply add 400 points if you win all your games, but that is incorrect. The performance rating should be infinite. To see why, we have to understand how the Elo ratings work. In a game between a 1600 and a 2400, there is a normal distribution centered at 1600 and another centered at 2400. Of course, the 2400 is the heavily favored to win. However, there is still some overlap in the graph, which means that there is a small chance of an upset. Thus, even a 2400 would not be expected to get a perfect score against 1600s; someone who achieves that would have a performance rating above 2400. Only a player with an infinite rating would be expected to win all their games.

So perfect score = infinite performance rating. However, this leads to unrealistic results. That amateur tournament where I went 3.0/3 isnt better than Caruanas 2014 Sinquefield Cup. A perfect score against amateurs is less impressive than a plus score against super GMs, and I developed MinStrength to reflect that.

A performance rating asks, "Who would be expected to score as well as you did?" Caruanas performance rating was 3100 at the 2014 Sinquefield Cup. For any human, that is extraordinary, but for a 3100 player, it would just be an average tournament. They would not gain any rating points.

MinStrength asks, "Who would not be expected to score as well as you did?" Consider a 1500 player. Sometimes they have a bad tournament and play like a 1300. But there are other times when they perform at the 1700 level. But even in their best tournament ever, they dont perform at the 2700 level and earn a GM norm. That is outside of their range. How low would your rating have to be for a result to be outside of your range? That is your minimum strength, or MinStrength.

Lets go back to the 2014 Sinquefield Cup. A 2830 would have an expected score of 5.4/10. With some math (methodology: http://e4stat.blogspot.com/2023/03/minstrength-methodology.html), we can calculate the range. 95% of the time, a 2830 should score between 2.3/10 and 8.5/10. Caruana was at the upper end of that range, so his MinStrength was 2830.

MinStrength has several desirable features. Perfect scores result in an infinite performance rating, but not an infinite MinStrength. According to MinStrength, scoring 3.0/3 against amateurs is much less impressive than Caruanas 2014 Sinquefield Cup. MinStrength also rewards consistency. For example, consider the Candidates match between Fischer and Larsen (2660). Suppose that after winning Game 1, Fischer got into a dispute with the organizers and quit. His performance rating would still be infinite whether he scored 1.0/1 or 6.0/6. But 1.0/1 against a 2660 would be a footnote in chess history; 6.0/6 is legendary. Fischers MinStrength was 2426 after winning Game 1. It rose to 2737 after Game 6. If we combine it with his 6.0/6 against Taimanov (2620), Fischers MinStrength is 2838.

If you want to find your MinStrength, check out the calculator on my website. Here are the results for some selected tournaments. Rating inflation may affect the results. However, Ken Regan argues that there has been no rating inflation. Using chess engines, he and his co-author show that 2500s in the 1970s played about as accurately as 2500s in the early 2000s. Their results were similar for other ratings. If there is no rating inflation, then historical MinStrengths can be compared with modern ones.

1. Caruana, 2014 Sinquefield Cup. The highest MinStrength of all time: 2830. Caruana scored 8.5/10 and his average opponent was rated 2802.

2. Carlsen, 2009 Nanjing. He scored 8.0/10 and his average opponent was 2762. MinStrength = 2755.

3. Fischer-Larsen, 1971 Candidates Match. Fischer won 6-0 against a 2660. His MinStrength was 2737.

4. Karpov, 1994 Linares. His 11.0/13 is very impressive, but his average opponent was rated 2682, which is lower than in modern super tournaments. His MinStrength was 2736.

5. Topalov, 2005 San Luis. He had a terrific start, scoring 6.5/7 in the first half. Then he made 7 draws to clinch the World Championship. Overall, his 10.0/14 against 2731-rated opposition leads to a MinStrength of 2699.

6. Fischer-Taimanov, 1971 Candidates Match. Fischer won 6-0 against a 2620. His MinStrength was 2697.

7. Kasparov, 1997 Linares. He scored 8.5/11 and his average opponent was 2693, so his MinStrength was 2668.

...

The Author, That Amateur Tournament Where He Went 3.0/3. Though my performance rating was infinite, this result is not in the same league as the others. My average opponent was 1796 FIDE, and my MinStrength was 1753.

References

Regan, Kenneth Wingate, and Guy McCrossan Haworth. "Intrinsic Chess Ratings." In Twenty-fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2011.

Methodology [Published on my blog]

In a game between Players A and B, there is a normal distribution centered at As rating and another centered at Bs rating. The standard deviation is 200. In the Elo system, the expected score for Player A is the probability that a random number from As distribution is higher than a random number from Bs. This seems to ignore the possibility of draws there is a 0% chance that both random numbers are equal but that will be addressed later. The expected score can be approximated with the logistic function:

Next, I model a tournament as n games against your average opponent. This is an approximation (the expected score isnt a linear function, so a game against an 1800 followed by a game against a 2000 is slightly different from playing two games against a 1900). With this assumption, your score follows a binomial distribution. The mean is np and the variance is np(1-p), where p is your expected score against the average opponent. The issue with this binomial distribution is that there is no accounting for draws. However, the binomial distribution converges to a normal distribution, so I use that as an approximation. The normal distribution is continuous, so scores such as 8.5 are possible. This means that we arent ignoring draws.

If you pull a random number from a normal distribution, there is a 95% chance that it will be within 1.96 standard deviations from the mean (np). The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, so that will be (np(1-p))1/2. Thus, the upper end of the 95% range is np + 1.96(np(1-p))1/2. Therefore, your MinStrength is the rating such that score = np + 1.96(np(1-p))1/2

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MinStrength: An Alternative to Performance Rating - ChessBase

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