The Prometheus League
Breaking News and Updates
- Abolition Of Work
- Ai
- Alt-right
- Alternative Medicine
- Antifa
- Artificial General Intelligence
- Artificial Intelligence
- Artificial Super Intelligence
- Ascension
- Astronomy
- Atheism
- Atheist
- Atlas Shrugged
- Automation
- Ayn Rand
- Bahamas
- Bankruptcy
- Basic Income Guarantee
- Big Tech
- Bitcoin
- Black Lives Matter
- Blackjack
- Boca Chica Texas
- Brexit
- Caribbean
- Casino
- Casino Affiliate
- Cbd Oil
- Censorship
- Cf
- Chess Engines
- Childfree
- Cloning
- Cloud Computing
- Conscious Evolution
- Corona Virus
- Cosmic Heaven
- Covid-19
- Cryonics
- Cryptocurrency
- Cyberpunk
- Darwinism
- Democrat
- Designer Babies
- DNA
- Donald Trump
- Eczema
- Elon Musk
- Entheogens
- Ethical Egoism
- Eugenic Concepts
- Eugenics
- Euthanasia
- Evolution
- Extropian
- Extropianism
- Extropy
- Fake News
- Federalism
- Federalist
- Fifth Amendment
- Fifth Amendment
- Financial Independence
- First Amendment
- Fiscal Freedom
- Food Supplements
- Fourth Amendment
- Fourth Amendment
- Free Speech
- Freedom
- Freedom of Speech
- Futurism
- Futurist
- Gambling
- Gene Medicine
- Genetic Engineering
- Genome
- Germ Warfare
- Golden Rule
- Government Oppression
- Hedonism
- High Seas
- History
- Hubble Telescope
- Human Genetic Engineering
- Human Genetics
- Human Immortality
- Human Longevity
- Illuminati
- Immortality
- Immortality Medicine
- Intentional Communities
- Jacinda Ardern
- Jitsi
- Jordan Peterson
- Las Vegas
- Liberal
- Libertarian
- Libertarianism
- Liberty
- Life Extension
- Macau
- Marie Byrd Land
- Mars
- Mars Colonization
- Mars Colony
- Memetics
- Micronations
- Mind Uploading
- Minerva Reefs
- Modern Satanism
- Moon Colonization
- Nanotech
- National Vanguard
- NATO
- Neo-eugenics
- Neurohacking
- Neurotechnology
- New Utopia
- New Zealand
- Nihilism
- Nootropics
- NSA
- Oceania
- Offshore
- Olympics
- Online Casino
- Online Gambling
- Pantheism
- Personal Empowerment
- Poker
- Political Correctness
- Politically Incorrect
- Polygamy
- Populism
- Post Human
- Post Humanism
- Posthuman
- Posthumanism
- Private Islands
- Progress
- Proud Boys
- Psoriasis
- Psychedelics
- Putin
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Physics
- Rationalism
- Republican
- Resource Based Economy
- Robotics
- Rockall
- Ron Paul
- Roulette
- Russia
- Sealand
- Seasteading
- Second Amendment
- Second Amendment
- Seychelles
- Singularitarianism
- Singularity
- Socio-economic Collapse
- Space Exploration
- Space Station
- Space Travel
- Spacex
- Sports Betting
- Sportsbook
- Superintelligence
- Survivalism
- Talmud
- Technology
- Teilhard De Charden
- Terraforming Mars
- The Singularity
- Tms
- Tor Browser
- Trance
- Transhuman
- Transhuman News
- Transhumanism
- Transhumanist
- Transtopian
- Transtopianism
- Ukraine
- Uncategorized
- Vaping
- Victimless Crimes
- Virtual Reality
- Wage Slavery
- War On Drugs
- Waveland
- Ww3
- Yahoo
- Zeitgeist Movement
-
Prometheism
-
Forbidden Fruit
-
The Evolutionary Perspective
Monthly Archives: February 2023
Free Online PLC Training from AutomationDirect
Posted: February 5, 2023 at 11:08 am
Free Online PLC Training from AutomationDirect This version of Internet Explorer is either no longer supported by Microsoft, or is obsolete and some features of our store may no longer be supported. Please consider upgrading or use a different browser. 2/3/23 - FedEx and UPS are experiencing routing and delivery delays due to weather issues affecting key hubs in Memphis and Texas. For up-to-date information, here is the link to FedEx Service Alerts and UPS Service Updates '); $j('#mobileBreadCrumb a').css('color', 'white') } }); //end anonymous See what is provided by watching this quick overview video. After your training, download one of our FREE PLC software packages from our PLC webpage for hands-on experience with controller programming. As a new visitor, we ask that you please enter the following information to complete your registration. If you've already registered, please go back and enter the email address you registered with.Once you submit your info, a verification email will be sent providing access to the training link. The information you provide will only be used to verify registration and allow us to send you some awesomeness every now and then - which you can opt out of at any time!
If you prefer not to provide any information, we have hundreds of How-To videos on PLCs and other automation topics freely accessible on our website. Click the video in the banner below to get started watching.
Training Provided by:
Check out our store for PLCs, HMIs and so much more...
See original here:
Posted in Automation
Comments Off on Free Online PLC Training from AutomationDirect
Investing in Rockwell Automation (NYSE:ROK) five years ago would have delivered you a 65% gain – Simply Wall St
Posted: at 11:07 am
Investing in Rockwell Automation (NYSE:ROK) five years ago would have delivered you a 65% gain Simply Wall St
View post:
Posted in Automation
Comments Off on Investing in Rockwell Automation (NYSE:ROK) five years ago would have delivered you a 65% gain – Simply Wall St
The debauched world of Ozzy Osbourne – biting bats to Sharon finding him in bed with the nanny – Daily Mail
Posted: at 11:04 am
The debauched world of Ozzy Osbourne - biting bats to Sharon finding him in bed with the nanny Daily Mail
Posted in Immortality Medicine
Comments Off on The debauched world of Ozzy Osbourne – biting bats to Sharon finding him in bed with the nanny – Daily Mail
Meet The Titans: Google And OpenView (Microsoft) Faceoff On Chat Technology Innovation – Forbes
Posted: at 11:03 am
Meet The Titans: Google And OpenView (Microsoft) Faceoff On Chat Technology Innovation Forbes
See the original post:
Meet The Titans: Google And OpenView (Microsoft) Faceoff On Chat Technology Innovation - Forbes
Posted in Technology
Comments Off on Meet The Titans: Google And OpenView (Microsoft) Faceoff On Chat Technology Innovation – Forbes
MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.’s (NASDAQ:MTSI) Stock Has Been Sliding But Fundamentals Look Strong: Is The Market Wrong? – Simply Wall St
Posted: at 11:03 am
MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.'s (NASDAQ:MTSI) Stock Has Been Sliding But Fundamentals Look Strong: Is The Market Wrong? Simply Wall St
Read more from the original source:
Posted in Technology
Comments Off on MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.’s (NASDAQ:MTSI) Stock Has Been Sliding But Fundamentals Look Strong: Is The Market Wrong? – Simply Wall St
WVU Dept. of Ophthalmology acquires state-of-the-art technology for simulation lab – WV News
Posted: at 11:03 am
WVU Dept. of Ophthalmology acquires state-of-the-art technology for simulation lab WV News
Link:
WVU Dept. of Ophthalmology acquires state-of-the-art technology for simulation lab - WV News
Posted in Technology
Comments Off on WVU Dept. of Ophthalmology acquires state-of-the-art technology for simulation lab – WV News
Executive Vice President of Technology & Operations Alok Sethi Just Sold A Bunch Of Shares In Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE:BEN) – Simply Wall St
Posted: at 11:02 am
Executive Vice President of Technology & Operations Alok Sethi Just Sold A Bunch Of Shares In Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE:BEN) Simply Wall St
See the original post here:
Posted in Technology
Comments Off on Executive Vice President of Technology & Operations Alok Sethi Just Sold A Bunch Of Shares In Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE:BEN) – Simply Wall St
The 12 Best Nootropics 2022: Top Smart Drugs and Brain Supplements
Posted: at 10:59 am
This is our guide to the best nootropic supplements on the market. Weve scoured the market to see what nootropics have the most evidence behind them to give you the most effective results for focus, memory, mood and more.
In this article, well show our workings of how we decided the top nootropics, how to find the best option for yourself and the top brain supplements for maximum cognitive enhancement.
All the nootropics well be suggesting in our best nootropic stack are all natural and not linked to causing any side effects of dangers, always speak to your doctor if you need further guidance.
Everybody has different needs when it comes to the best nootropic or smart drugs. Some folks want a nootropic for better focus, others want to improve their memory or verbal fluency and some people want total cognitive enhancement which to boost all areas of their brain.
There is no best nootropic that everyone can take. It depends on what you want to use brain supplements for.
The best nootropic is something that meets your individual needs. It gives your brain the support it needs to improve areas of your cognition that need it most.
The best nootropics offer a natural support to what you already have, the best brain supplement doesnt make you smarter it helps your brain run much more efficiently which can improve how your learn, memorize and focus etc.
Brain supplements (smart drugs) give you the natural resources the organ needs to function at its optimum level.
Youll starting noticing and feeling the difference in mental sharpness when youve found the best cognitive enhancers that work for you.
If you dont want to tinker, there are a variety of pre-made nootropic stacks which can work equally well, if not better than stacks you might make yourself.
Theyre essentially a custom made nootropic stack which has been condensed into an easy to swallow capsule form. All natural, and made to a very high standard to support cognitive performance.
Below, well only be viewing the best nootropics of these options. Stacks that have solid research backing them, overwhelming reviews, and reliable guarantees to ensure you see results.
For the best nootropic, weve ensured everything we recommend is:
Now without further-ado lets see the nootropics that we recommend the most for maximum cognitive function.
The five top nootropics to choose for a pre-made stack are:
These are all great nootropics, and for different reasons, one is ideal for stacking with other supplements and nootropics, the other already has most of everything you need.
Nooceptin is the most effective nootropic stack on the market to date.
Relatively new on the scene and an absolutely game-changing nootropic. Nooceptin uses 100% clinically backed compounds to enhance focus, memory retention and overall cognition.
Its the most effective nootropic weve reviewed on this site.
Nooceptin has been seen to greatly help with:
The clinically backed ingredients are well dosed, high quality and most likely formulated by looking at what was already on the market and striving to give the best possible result.
Currently priced at $69.00 for a 30 day course of Nooceptin, it is reasonsable price for (in our opinion) the most comprehensive nootropic stack on the market.
Nooceptin is hands down the best option if youre looking to buy an effective nootropic. If youre looking for the best in brain boosting you need to check out Nooceptin.
Unique Benefit:
Price:
Our Rating:
Visit Their Website:
#1 BEST NOOTOPIC
For the best possible nootropic stack on the market at the moment, we can recommend no better product than Nooceptin. Find out more here: Nooceptin.com
NooCube is second most effective nootropic stack on the market to date.
It has the best value on our list, and is the second-most effective.
Noocube has been seen to effectively boost:
Not only were we blown away by this nootropic, we love the $10 less it is compared to the others on this list.
The ingredients are all clinically backed, and if you buy 3 bottles, you get 3 free, which knocks the bottle price down to $29.99 less than $30!
NooCube is not the most effective but it is the best value at the moment. If you need cognition boosting and willing to trade some effectiveness for price you need to check out NooCube.
Unique Benefit:
Price:
Our Rating:
Visit Their Website:
2nd best and cheapest Nootropic!
It is the top choice for value looking to get the most bang for their buck on the nootropic market. You can visit their site here if you want to know more: noocube.com
Vyvamind is a potent, stimulant-based nootropic. Unlike the other options in this list, it really ramps up the brain energy alongside the regular cognitive boosting you typically expect from a nootropic.
This stimulating factor has had some users unofficially refer to it as natural Vyvanse allowing them to stay energized and focused for long periods of time.
Vyvamind is the kind of nootropic for those who want:
Its not for everyone though, if you are sensitive to stimulants, Vyvamind is a supplement you should avoid. However, if you dont mind that in your stack its well worth a test drive.
At $69.99 per bottle, its a reasonable price for this market, and a lot more stimulated.
Unique Benefit:
Price:
Our Rating:
Visit Their Website:
Stimulant-based Nootropic stack
If youre looking to try out a stimulated nootropic formula and really ramp up your focus, you can find out more on their website: Vyvamind.com
For the one of the best top overall nootropic, we have to give it to Mind Lab Pro. Although not as good as NooCube or Nooceptin, this is for those who dont want to do heavy stack its something that works that you can take everyday for cognitive enhancement, its one of the best nootropics.
This supplement contains 11 nootropics, which all support brain optimization in some way.
Mind Lab Pro works well to optimize your brains 6 pathways to promote:
Theres no filler here. Every ingredient in Mind Lab Pro hits home for better overall cognition. Its high quality with pure ingredients and everything is vegan-friendly and caffeine-free to ensure everyone can use it.
Unique Benefit:
Price:
Our Rating:
Visit Their Website:
Clean standalone nootropic!
We try all pre-made stacks and were very impressed with what we experienced with Mind Lab Pro. You can read our Mind Lab Pro review here.
Performance Lab Mind is potentially one of the top nootropics on the market, and the reason is how easily it can stack with other options.
Performance Lab Mind contains 4 heavily researched ingredients which are:
Potent, effective nutrients you need for enhanced cognitive function are in this nootropic supplement.
However, Performance Lab Mind has the unique point of being stacked with other products from the Performance Lab range.
It works exceptionally well with their L-Theanine / Caffeine supplement Stim, and their Energy supplement which powers up your bodys mitochondria (your cells energy producers) for focused, clean brainpower.
Combining it with the MCT oil is another benefit, it supports more of your brains mitochondria to give your brain and body a huge energetic boost.
The Performance Lab Multi also works well with Mind as it gives you nature-identical vitamins and minerals which is easier for your body and brain to absorb and use for maximum effect.
You should check out their site, its an exceptional nootropic.
Unique Benefit:
Price:
Our Rating:
Visit Their Website:
Great for any stack!
We take everything we recommend. If you want to know more about our experience with Mind, and what we take it with you can read our full Performance Lab Mind review here.
Making a great nootropic stack is challenging, but its also incredibly fun. However, without the proper guidance, its easy to go wrong fast.
In this section, were going to cover the 10 best steps you should take for building the best nootropic stack or smart drug pack.
If youre serious, we recommend keeping notes on everything youre taking and a cognition diary on how well or not well its going. That avoids repeating previous mistakes and steps you closer to your goal.
Making the best nootropic stack can be hard work, and there are a lot of options which already have a lot of research on them. Below, were listing what we believe to be the best nootropic substances on the market at the moment for you to use in a custom stack.
Most of these are found in our high-level pre-made stack recommendations and all of them have a good amount of clinical evidence to vouch for them. For instance a lot that we mention in this list are already in our pre-made recommendations like Nooceptin, Noocube, Mind Lab Pro and Performance Lab Mind.
Idea: If you are new to nootropic stacks, we suggest you start with a simple base like Performance Lab Mind. It contains 4 of the top nootropics for you to test and build on with other options in our list. Dont want to stack individually? Try other options from the Performance Lab range or go with a full stack like Nooceptin, NooCube or Mind Lab Pro.
They feature in these nootropic supplements and in our list because they are some of the most effective options on the market.
This doesnt mean that these are the only nootropics you should be using in your smart drugs stacks. You may find other options that we havent covered and may want to research and include those.
Here is a summary of the top nootropics to take for specific goals.
Focus Citicoline, Alpha-GPC, Choline bitartrate, Caffeine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine
Stress and Anxiety Tyrosine, Rhodiola rosea, Ashwagandha, Theanine
Energy Caffeine, B6, B12
Visit link:
The 12 Best Nootropics 2022: Top Smart Drugs and Brain Supplements
Posted in Nootropics
Comments Off on The 12 Best Nootropics 2022: Top Smart Drugs and Brain Supplements
The 10 Best Nootropic Supplements to Boost Brain Power – Healthline
Posted: at 10:59 am
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process.
Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.
Nootropics are natural supplements or drugs that have a beneficial effect on brain function in healthy people.
Many of these can boost memory, motivation, creativity, alertness and general cognitive function. Nootropics may also reduce age-related declines in brain function.
Here are the 10 best nootropic supplements to boost your brain function.
Fish oil supplements are a rich source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), two types of omega-3 fatty acids.
These fatty acids have been linked with many health benefits, including improved brain health (1).
DHA plays a vital role in maintaining the structure and function of your brain. In fact, it accounts for around 25% of the total fat, and 90% of the omega-3 fat, found in your brain cells (2, 3).
The other omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil, EPA, has anti-inflammatory effects that may protect the brain against damage and aging (4).
Taking DHA supplements has been linked with improved thinking skills, memory and reaction times in healthy people who have low DHA intakes. It has also benefitted people experiencing a mild decline in brain function (5, 6, 7).
Unlike DHA, EPA isnt always linked with improved brain function. However, in people with depression, it has been associated with benefits like improved mood (8, 9, 10, 11, 12).
Taking fish oil, which contains both these fats, has been shown to help reduce the decline in brain function associated with aging (13, 14, 15, 16, 17).
However, evidence for fish oils preservative effects on brain health is mixed (18, 19).
Overall, the best way to get the recommended amount of omega-3 fatty acids is by eating two portions of oily fish per week (20).
If you cant manage this, then taking a supplement could be beneficial. You can find many supplements online.
More research is required to find out how much and what ratios of EPA and DHA are beneficial. But taking 1 gram per day of combined DHA and EPA is generally recommended to maintain brain health (21).
If you dont eat the recommended amount of oily fish, consider taking a fish oil supplement to help promote good brain health and healthy brain aging.
Resveratrol is an antioxidant that occurs naturally in the skin of purple and red fruits like grapes, raspberries and blueberries. Its also found in red wine, chocolate and peanuts.
Its been suggested that taking resveratrol supplements could prevent the deterioration of the hippocampus, an important part of the brain associated with memory (22).
If this is true, this treatment could slow down the decline in brain function you experience as you get older (23).
Animal studies have also shown that resveratrol can improve memory and brain function (24, 25).
Additionally, one study on a small group of healthy older adults found that taking 200 mg of resveratrol per day for 26 weeks improved memory (26).
However, there currently arent enough human studies to be sure of resveratrols effects (27).
If youre interested in trying it, you can find supplements in stores and online.
In animals, resveratrol supplements have been shown to improve memory and brain function. Its not yet clear if the treatment has the same effects in people.
Creatine is a natural substance that plays an important role in energy metabolism. Its found naturally in the body, mostly in muscles and in smaller amounts in the brain.
Although its a popular supplement, you can find it in some foods, namely animal products like meat, fish and eggs.
Interestingly, creatine supplements can improve memory and thinking skills in people who dont eat meat (61).
Caffeine is a natural stimulant most commonly found in tea, coffee and dark chocolate.
Although its possible to take it as a supplement, there isnt really any need when you can get it from these sources.
It works by stimulating the brain and central nervous system, making you feel less tired and more alert (28).
In fact, studies have shown that caffeine can make you feel more energized and improve your memory, reaction times and general brain function (29, 30, 31).
The amount of caffeine in one cup of coffee varies, but generally its 50400 mg.
For most people, single doses of around 200400 mg per day are generally considered safe and are enough to benefit health (32, 33, 34).
However, taking too much caffeine can be counterproductive and has been linked with side effects such as anxiety, nausea and trouble sleeping.
Caffeine is a natural stimulant that can improve your brain function and make you feel more energized and alert.
Phosphatidylserine is a type of fat compound called a phospholipid, which can be found in your brain (35, 36).
Its been suggested that taking phosphatidylserine supplements could be helpful for preserving brain health (37).
You can easily buy these supplements online.
Studies have shown that taking 100 mg of phosphatidylserine three times per day could help reduce age-related decline in brain function (38, 39, 40, 41).
Additionally, healthy people who take phosphatidylserine supplements of up to 400 mg per day have been shown to have improved thinking skills and memory (42, 43).
However, larger studies need to be carried out before its effects on brain function can be fully understood.
Phosphatidylserine supplements could improve your thinking skills and memory. They could also help combat the decline in brain function as you age. However, further study is needed.
Acetyl-L-carnitine is an amino acid produced naturally in your body. It plays an important role in your metabolism, particularly in energy production.
Taking acetyl-L-carnitine supplements has been claimed to make you feel more alert, improve memory and slow down age-related memory loss (44).
These supplements can be found in vitamin stores or online.
Some animal studies have shown that acetyl-L-carnitine supplements can prevent age-related decline in brain function and increase learning capacity (45, 46).
In humans, studies have found that it may be a useful supplement for slowing the decline in brain function due to age. It may also be useful for improving brain function in people with mild dementia or Alzheimers (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52).
However, there is no research to show it has a beneficial effect in otherwise healthy people who arent suffering from a loss of brain function.
Acetyl-L-carnitine could be helpful for treating a loss of brain function in the elderly and people with mental disorders such as dementia or Alzheimers. Its effects in healthy people are unknown.
Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement derived from the Ginkgo biloba tree. Its an incredibly popular supplement that many people take to boost their brain power, and its available in stores and online.
Its thought to work by increasing blood flow to the brain and is claimed to improve brain functions like focus and memory (53).
Despite the widespread use of ginkgo biloba, results from studies investigating its effects have been mixed.
Some studies have found that taking ginkgo biloba supplements can help reduce age-related decline in brain function (54, 55, 56).
One study in healthy middle-aged people found that taking ginkgo biloba supplements helped improve memory and thinking skills (57, 58).
However, not all studies have found these benefits (59, 60).
Ginkgo biloba may help improve your short-term memory and thinking skills. It may also protect you from age-related decline in brain function. However, results are inconsistent.
Bacopa monnieri is a medicine made from the herb Bacopa monnieri. Its used in traditional medicine practices like Ayurveda for improving brain function.
Its been shown to improve thinking skills and memory, both in healthy people and in elderly people suffering from a decline in brain function (64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69).
However, its worth noting that only repeated use of Bacopa monnieri has been shown to have this effect. People generally take about 300 mg per day and it may take around four to six weeks for you to notice any results.
Studies of Bacopa monnieri also show that it may occasionally cause diarrhea and an upset stomach. Because of this, many people recommend taking this supplement with food (70).
Bacopa monnieri has been shown to improve memory and thinking skills in healthy people and in those with a decline in brain function.
Rhodiola rosea is a supplement derived from the herb Rhodiola rosea, which is often used in Chinese medicine to promote well-being and healthy brain function.
Its thought to help improve mental processing by reducing fatigue (71).
People taking Rhodiola rosea have been shown to benefit from a decrease in fatigue and improvement in their brain function (72, 73, 74).
However, results have been mixed (75).
A recent review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that more research is required before scientists can know if Rhodiola rosea can reduce tiredness and boost brain function (76).
Rhodiola rosea may help improve thinking skills by reducing fatigue. However, more research is needed before scientists can be certain of its effects.
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAMe) is a substance that occurs naturally in your body. Its used in chemical reactions to make and break down important compounds like proteins, fats and hormones.
It may be useful for enhancing the effects of some antidepressants and reducing the decline in brain function seen in people who have depression (77, 78, 79).
One study found that adding SAMe to the antidepressant prescription of people who had previously not responded to therapy improved their chances of remission by around 14% (80).
More recently, a study found that, in some instances, SAMe may be as effective as some types of antidepressant medications (81).
However, there is no evidence that this supplement benefits people who dont have depression.
SAMe could be useful for improving brain function in people with depression. There is no evidence it has this effect in healthy people.
Some of these supplements show real promise for improving and protecting brain health.
However, note that many brain-boosting supplements are only effective for people who have a mental condition or are deficient in the supplemented nutrient.
Originally posted here:
The 10 Best Nootropic Supplements to Boost Brain Power - Healthline
Posted in Nootropics
Comments Off on The 10 Best Nootropic Supplements to Boost Brain Power – Healthline
What is federalism? | State Policy Network
Posted: at 10:50 am
The term federalism is often confusing. You would think that federalism involves a system where the federal government has more influence and power, but its just the opposite. Federalism actually describes a system of government where some powers belong to the national government, and some powers belong to the state government.
Federal systems must have at least two levels of government. As you know, America has a federal government that consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches (headquartered in Washington, DC). Thats one level. The other level comes from the 50 state governments, each with their own powers and sovereignty.
The Founding Fathers adopted federalism in response to the problems with Americas first system of government, the Articles of Confederation. If you think back to your high school history class, you may remember the 13 original states created the Articles of Confederation as the United States first form of government. Under this system, the states remained sovereign and independent, and a newly created Congress served as a last resort to resolve disputes.
But the articles had some weaknesses. The biggest problem was Congress wasnt strong enough to enforce laws or raise taxes. These flaws prompted the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There, delegates from the 13 states drafted the Constitution to address the problems with the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution created a stronger central government to oversee national issues while keeping most power in the states. This is a federalist style of governmentand Americas systemwhere power is shared between the state, local, and national governments.
In the United States, the federal government has the power to regulate trade between states, declare war, manage the mail, and print moneyamong several other powers.
State governments have their own set of powers too. States generally oversee education, roads, drivers licenses, police departments, elections, and more. Notably, all power not granted to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people. The Founders intended the federal governments powers to be limited. In The Federalist Papers, James Madison noted: The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.
And then there are shared powers, also known as concurrent powers. Both the federal and state governments have the power to tax and establish courts, for example.
A healthy federalist system is one in which citizens are active, informed participants who hold government officials accountable and push back when they overstep their powers. The recent challenges to Governors Cuomo and Newsoms actions are an example of individuals and organizations demanding accountability. An example of state governments pushing back against overreach by the federal government can be seen with the recent federal vaccine mandates. When OSHA and other federal agencies issued mandates which attempted to usurp states acknowledged authority over public health, states pushed back, filing lawsuits that have been upheld by federal courts.
The American colonists fought the American Revolution because they wanted to break free from the tyrannical government led by Englands King George III. After winning the war in 1781, the new American citizens were very hesitant to create a powerful, centralized government. Thats why they created the Articles of Confederation. But the Articles were too weak and gave states too much power. Federalism was a compromise. Its the idea that government authority rests in both the national and state governments. Its why you are a citizen of both your state and the United States!
One benefit of federalism is it creates laboratories of democracy across the country. This means states are free to try different policies and see what works best for their populations. A good policy in Wyoming, for example, might not be the most effective policy for a bigger state such as California. Federalism allows states to adopt policies that best fit their needs.
Another benefit of federalism is it protects the American people from tyranny. Because power isnt concentrated at one levelor within one branch of governmentits difficult for one branch to take control of the others.
Yes. Besides the United States, 30 other countries use federalist systems for their governments. These countries include India, Germany, Switzerland, Mexico, and Brazil.
There you have it. A very brief overview of what federalism is and how it works. If youre interested in learning more about this form of government, these resources may interest you:
FederalismBill of Rights Institute
What is Federalism?History on the Net
When the Founding Fathers Settled States vs. Federal RightsAnd Saved the NationHistory Channel
What is Federalism?US Law Essentials
Federalism is a Condition for Better StatesAmerican Enterprise Institute
Too many decisions have been taken out of the hands of citizens and our elected representatives and left up to Washington, DC. The solution lies in reclaiming self-governance in our states and communities.
A new book, I, Citizen, offers concrete solutions for how our country can come together to reclaim local and state control from the political elites in Washington.
See original here:
Posted in Federalism
Comments Off on What is federalism? | State Policy Network