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Daily Archives: February 20, 2023
Bing’s AI Is Threatening Users. That’s No Laughing Matter – TIME
Posted: February 20, 2023 at 12:57 pm
- Bing's AI Is Threatening Users. That's No Laughing Matter TIME
- Bing limits chat sessions as OpenAI founder says AI tools are 'somewhat broken' Search Engine Land
- Microsoft Puts New Limits On Bings AI Chatbot After It Expressed Desire To Steal Nuclear Secrets Forbes
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Bing's AI Is Threatening Users. That's No Laughing Matter - TIME
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Are You Looking for a Top Momentum Pick? Why Rockwell Automation (ROK) is a Great Choice – Zacks Investment Research
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Are You Looking for a Top Momentum Pick? Why Rockwell Automation (ROK) is a Great Choice Zacks Investment Research
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Industrial Automation Sensors Market is Predicted to Hit a Revenue of USD 37.76 Billion by Growing with a CAGR of 9.12% During 2022-2028; Growing…
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Declining Stock and Decent Financials: Is The Market Wrong About Honeywell Automation India Limited (NSE:HONAUT)? – Simply Wall St
Posted: at 12:55 pm
Declining Stock and Decent Financials: Is The Market Wrong About Honeywell Automation India Limited (NSE:HONAUT)? Simply Wall St
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Richard Spencer: Five Things to Know – Anti-Defamation League
Posted: at 12:54 pm
1. RICHARD SPENCER IS AN ALT RIGHT LEADER.
Spencer has become the most recognizable public face of the alt right, a loose network of people who promote white identity and reject mainstream conservatism in favor of politics that embrace implicit or explicit racism, anti-Semitism and white supremacy. Spencer coined the term alternative right (from which alt right is derived) in 2008 in an article in Takis Magazine, a far-right publication. At the time, Spencer was using alternative right to refer to people on the right who distinguished themselves from traditional conservatives by opposing, among other things, egalitarianism, multiculturalism and open immigration. As a spokesperson for the alt right, Spencer has tried to use the media to mainstream racism and anti-Semitism.
During the 2016 presidential race, the alt right gained national media attention for two things: supporting Donald Trump and online trolling. On Election night 2016, Spencer exulted in Trumps victory. The Alt-Right has been declared the winner. The Alt-Right is more deeply connected to Trumpian populism than the conservative movement, Spencer tweeted. Were the establishment now.
Spencer was one of the promoters and scheduled speakers at the August 12, 2017 Unite the Right alt right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, which was ostensibly organized to oppose the removal of Confederate monuments. The rally attracted more than 500 white supremacists and many hundreds of counter-protesters, and confrontations between the two groups sparked violent clashes. A white supremacist drove his car into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing Heather Heyer and injuring a number of other people.
That weekend, Spencer's website announced that Unite the Right was the beginning of the white civil rights movement.
It seems that Spencer may have spoken too soon. Since that weekend in Charlottesville, dissension and infighting has overtaken the alt right movement. On one side are the American Nationalists who believe white supremacists should appeal to whites by using innocuous symbols like the American flag, and avoid openly white supremacist symbols like swastikas. On the other side are the National Socialists and other hard-right groups whose members display white supremacist symbols at rallies and dont care about optics or appealing to the white middle class. Spencer walks the line between the two groups. Although he does not wear or publicly promote any white supremacist symbols, he did align himself with the Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP), a neo-Nazi group. The group acted as a security force at his speeches at Auburn University in Alabama in 2017 and at Michigan State University in 2018.
Spencer appears to be testing out new ways of attracting attention. In October 2017, two months after Unite the Right, he returned to Charlottesville to lead 35-40 people in an unannounced flash mob a reprise of Augusts tiki torch march. Afterwards, Spencer called it a great success and a model for future events. This kind of small event with no advance warning hugely diminishes inherently risky interactions with law enforcement or counter-protesters. Spencer only employed the flash mob model a couple of times before turning his attention to scheduled public events like campus speeches.
Spencer wants to establish a white ethno-state in the U.S. and believes that whites should live separately from non-whites and Jews. While Spencer generally shies away from blatant displays of anti-Semitism, he began expressing anti-Semitic views more openly in 2014, when he wrote that Jews have an identity apart from Europeans. At a press conference two years later, he announced that he did not consider Jews to be European (i.e. white in alt right nomenclature).
Spencer has been influenced by a number of other white supremacists, including the late Sam Francis, Jared Taylor of American Renaissance, and retired professor Kevin MacDonald, who wrote a series of anti-Semitic books, which Spencer has promoted. Spencers white supremacist organization, the National Policy Institute (NPI), featured MacDonald as a speaker at its annual conferences in both 2015 and 2016.
At the 2016 conference, a number of people in the audience threw Nazi salutes after Spencer hailed Donald Trumps victory in the presidential election. Spencer refused to condemn the salutes.
Spencer has aligned himself with groups and individuals who openly express virulent anti-Semitism, including TWP and Patriot Front, a Texas-based alt right group. Members of both groups have attended and acted as security at his events. Spencer has also shown a willingness to work with anti-Semitic leaders such as Matthew Heimbach, the former head of TWP, and Mike Enoch Peinovich, who runs The Right Stuff website.
Spencer was an editor at Takis Magazine and worked at The American Conservative as an assistant editor. In 2010, Spencer founded online journal Alternative Right, which he used to promote white nationalism until he left in 2012.
Spencer was named president of NPI in 2011, and he also runs two associated ventures--Radix Journal, a publication featuring essays on white nationalism and other issues, and Washington Summit Publishers, which publishes the work of racists.
In January 2017, Spencer founded Altright.com, an online sounding board for the movement. The site was created with the help of Swedish white supremacists and is part of a venture called the AltRight Corporation. Spencer and his Swedish partners, Arktos Media, a far-right publishing company, and Red Ice Radio, a video and podcast platform featuring racists from around the world, want to bring the message of white nationalism to mainstream audiences.
In December 2017, Spencer announced that he had formed a new organization with other alt right leaders. In a departure from previous alt right groups, which organizers dismissed as amateurish, Operation Homeland was unveiled as a core group of alt right leaders and activists poised to lead the movement as a whole. The group held a demonstration in December 2017 in Washington, DC, to protest the acquittal of an undocumented immigrant in the 2015 murder of a young woman in San Francisco.
Spencer has embraced the young internet activists who create the racist, anti-Semitic and misogynistic memes, symbols and slogans that characterize much of the alt rights online presence.
He has focused on getting college students to attend his annual events, including the NPI conference, and hes had some success: the 2016 NPI conference was attended by 200 to 300 people, many of them young. This was a marked increase over the attendance at the previous years event, which attracted just 120 to 175 people.
(The 2017 NPI conference was turned away from its usual venue, and was held at a farm in Maryland, attracting about 100 attendees. When the owners of the farm found out about NPIs white supremacist ideology, the group was asked to leave).
In 2016, Spencer launched a college tour to bring his white nationalist message to campuses nationwide. He spoke at Texas A&M University in December 2016 and at Auburn University in April 2017.
In October 2017, he spoke to a small, mostly hostile audience at the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he was accompanied by members of Patriot Front and Identity Evropa, an alt right group that has since disassociated itself from Spencer.
In March 2018, he spoke to a small group of supporters at Michigan State University, while members of TWP fought with antifa activists outside, leading to a number of arrests. After the MSU speech, Spencer decided to cancel his college tour, saying he would try to find other methods of reaching the public.
In 2014, Spencer attempted to hold the annual NPI conference, titled The Future of Europe, in Budapest, Hungary. When Hungarian authorities banned the conference, Spencer was arrested when he attempted to hold the conference anyway. Some of NPIs supporters, including Jared Taylor, managed to hold a watered-down event in Budapest without Spencer, who was then banned for three years from the visa-free Schengen area of Europe, which includes most of the European Union. In 2016, the Home Office of the British government banned Spencer from visiting Great Britain, citing his white supremacist views.
In November 2017, Polands state-run news agency PAP, citing unnamed Foreign Ministry sources, reported that Polish authorities had extended Spencers ban from the Schengen area for another five years.
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Richard Spencer: Five Things to Know - Anti-Defamation League
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Federalism – Definition, Examples, Cases, processes – Legal Dictionary
Posted: at 12:49 pm
Federalism is a type of government in which a central, or federal, government, and one or more regional governments work together to form one political system. Federalism is best recognized as a type of government wherein the powers are divided between the levels of government, and the people are subject to the laws at each level. Examples of federalism can be seen in the countries of the United States, Canada, and India, to name a few. To explore this concept, consider the following federalism definition.
Noun
Origin
1780-1790 Americanism
Federalism is a form of government in which a central government and smaller regional governments control the same geographical territory. Authority in such a government must be delineated, to minimize conflict between laws of each level. The terms federalism and confederalism both originate from the Latin foedus, which means treaty, pact, or covenant. These terms were synonymous until the nineteenth century, when federalism became more representative of the unification of the two types of government, and confederalism began being used to refer to the grouping of governments at the state level.
Federalism, as it is known now, concerns the sharing of governing power between national and state governments, which is why state governments have their own laws, which are separate from those of the central authority. When the Constitution was being drafted, the Federalists advocated for a more powerful central government, while the Anti-Federalists wanted the central government to have limited authority.
Under the Articles of Confederation, the governing document prior to the U.S. Constitution, the United States did, in fact, have a weaker central government, considered by many to be ineffectual. As the Constitution was drafted, the framers proceeded with the intent to increase the federal governments powers, without creating an overbearing authority.
The term Federalist refers to an individual who favors a strong central government, with governmental power being divided between that government and various regional governing levels. European federalism is reflected throughout history, as the continent has been comprised of significantly more separate nations or territories than North America. European federalism leans toward a weaker central government.
This differs from how a Federalist might be characterized in the United States, where federalism refers to a more powerful central government, and regional governments that retain their own lawmaking authority.
While American federalism in the modern sense is a lot closer to European federalism, some U.S. citizens feel that the federal governments power has exceeded what was perhaps intended by the countrys Founding Fathers. Most citizens who might consider themselves federalists by the modern American federalism definition, actually argue for the federal governments powers to be limited, particularly the powers of the judiciary.
European federalism examples can be found in countries like Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, and Switzerland. Germany and the EU are the only areas in the world where members of the federal upper houses of government are not elected, nor appointed, but are actually comprised of members of their constituents regional governments. A similar system could be seen in the early days of American federalism.
The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, created in 1913, changed how Senators from the various states would be elected from that point forward. Prior to that point, U.S. Senators had been elected by the states legislatures, rather than by the citizens themselves.
A classic example of federalism at the Supreme Court level occurred in 1803, when outgoing President John Adams signed a commission for William Marbury to become a justice of the peace, but the newly minted Secretary of State James Madison declined to deliver it. Marbury sued Madison to force him to deliver his commission. This all-reaching authority, of a Secretary of State to ignore a presidents appointment of a judge, became the focus of the Supreme Courts review of the matter.
Chief Justice John Marshall, in this matter of Marbury v. Madison, set a precedent by establishing the idea of judicial review a crucial element to the checks and balances system put in place to prevent any particular branch of the federal government from becoming too powerful. In accordance with Chief Justice Marshalls decision, the Supreme Court,for the first time ever, declared a law which had been passed by Congress, and signed by the President to be unconstitutional. The Constitution did not specifically provide the Court with this power; however, Marshall believed that the Court should have an equal role in comparison to those of the other two branches of the federal government.
As is to be expected, federalism in other countries is defined a little differently. Here are a few examples of federalism as it exists in other countries:
Australias federation officially began on January 1, 1901 the very first day of a brand new century, give or take a year. When the United Kingdom colonized Australia in 1788, six colonies were established that would eventually go on to be self-governing. During the 1890s, referendums were held by each of these colonies governments to determine whether or not they would become a unified, self-governing Commonwealth.
The colonies all voted in favor of federation, thereby establishing the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. Australias federalism closely resembles that of Americas original model, though it substitutes a presidential system with a parliamentary system.
A presidential system was established in Brazil in 1889, after the fall of the countrys monarchy. Federalism was established by Deodoro da Fonseca by decree, but every Brazilian constitution since the first in 1891 would go on to confirm this form of government, even if some of the newer documents would make some changes to the specific principles.
Power became centralized in Brazilian government in 1937 under President Getulio Vargas, with the establishment of an authority that would permit the appointment of state governors (interventors) at will. Brazil has gone on to become one of the largest federal governments in the world.
In Canada, powers are divided between the countrys federal parliament and its provincial governments. Canadas Constitution Act of 1867, formerly the British North America Act, defines which powers are assigned to whom. Matters not covered by the constitution are normally handled by the federal government; however, there have been, and continue to be, long-standing conflicts over which level of government is entitled to jurisdiction on a variety of matters, including taxation and natural resources.
The Government of India (also known as the Union Government) rules over a federal union consisting of 29 states and seven union territories, and provides perhaps the most comprehensive example of federalism. Indias government is more complex than the governments of other countries, specifically because it operates on three separate tiers, each of which is assigned executive powers in accordance with the Constitution of India. In this way, Indias government resembles the United States, which also delegates powers to three separate branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch.
Indias government originally operated on the principle of a two-tiered system, as dictated by its Constitution, which consisted of the Union Government (the Central Government) and the State governments. The third tier, Panchayats and Municipalities, was added later on.
Presently, the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution assigns governmental jurisdiction to the three tiers by way of three lists: the Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List. The Union List handles matters of national importance, such as national security, foreign affairs, and currency. Only the Union Government can make laws pertaining to these areas. The State List does what its name suggests, delegating power to the State governments to preside over matters involving State and local importance, such as police, agriculture, and trade.
Finally, the Concurrent List blends the two aforementioned powers together and governs matters of interest to both the State and Union governments, like marriage, adoption, education, and trade unions. Both governments have the authority to make laws pertaining to these subjects. However, should conflicting laws be drafted, decisions then default to the Union government.
Fiscal federalism refers to the division of the various government functions, and how financial matters are to be distributed among the levels of government. More specifically, fiscal federalism deals with the transfer of payments, or issuance of grants, to lower level governments, so that the central government can share its revenues with the lower levels.
The federal government relies on a system of fiscal federalism to provide incentive for the states to adopt federal rules and standards while, at the same time, increasing the states operational revenues. To this end, there are two primary types of transfer: conditional, and unconditional. A conditional transfer from a federal government to a state or local government comes with a particular set of conditions, as the name suggests.
For instance, should a lower level of government be offered one of these transfers, it must agree to whatever spending instructions are given to it by the federal government in order to receive the transfer. An unconditional transfer, on the other hand, typically comes with no spending instructions, and is usually a cash or tax point transfer.
In the mid-20th century, it became obvious that people involved in automobile accidents were more likely to sustain serious, or even fatal, injuries when they were not secured into the vehicle. The federal government did not have the authority to create a law requiring all people to wear seatbelts, so another road to safety was taken. The federal government offered the states a monetary incentive to enact their own seatbelt laws.
Over a period of years, millions of dollars were handed out to states that passed primary seat belt laws, requiring all passengers to be restrained in motor vehicles. The money, once transferred to the states, could be used for any purpose that related to highway safety issues. This was a boon to states that needed to repave highways, install more traffic signals and signage, to address other safety concerns.
Fiscal decentralization refers to the taking away of certain fiscal authority and responsibilities from the federal government, in favor of the regional or state governments. This gives the local governments the authority to raise taxes, and to determine their own expenditures. While fiscal federalism has been described as more of a guide containing fiscal principles that are to be followed, fiscal decentralization involves putting theory into practice and applying those principles to their applicable situations.
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Federalism - Definition, Examples, Cases, processes - Legal Dictionary
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