Daily Archives: January 19, 2023

If you plan to file for bankruptcy protection, you must get credit counseling from a government-approved organization within 180 days before you file. You also have to complete a debtor education course before your debts can be discharged.

The Department of Justices U.S. Trustee Program approves organizations to provide the credit counseling and debtor education required for anyone filing for personal bankrutpcy. Only the counselors and educators that appear on the U.S. Trustee Programs lists can advertise that they are approved to provide the required counseling and debtor education. By law, the U.S. Trustee Program does not operate in Alabama and North Carolina; in these states, court officials called Bankruptcy Administrators approve pre-bankruptcy credit counseling organizations and pre-discharge debtor education course providers.

Pre-bankruptcy credit counseling and pre-discharge debtor education may not be provided at the same time. Credit counseling must take place before you file for bankruptcy; debtor education must take place after you file.

You must file a certificate of credit counseling completion when you file for bankruptcy, and evidence of completion of debtor education after you file for bankruptcy but before your debts are discharged. Only credit counseling organizations and debtor education course providers that have been approved by the U.S. Trustee Program may issue these certificates. To protect against fraud, the certificates are numbered, and produced through a central automated system.

A pre-bankruptcy counseling session with an approved credit counseling organization should include an evaluation of your personal financial situation, a discussion of alternatives to bankruptcy, and a personal budget plan. A typical counseling session should last about 60 to 90 minutes, and can take place in person, on the phone, or online. The counseling organization is required to provide the counseling for free for people who cant afford to pay. If you cant afford to pay a fee for credit counseling, ask for a fee waiver from the counseling organization before the session begins. Otherwise, you may be charged a fee for the counseling. It will generally is about $50, depending on where you live, and the types of services you receive, among other factors. The counseling organization must discuss any fees with you before you start the counseling session.

Once you complete the required counseling, you must get a certificate as proof. Check the U.S. Trustees website to be sure that you receive the certificate from a counseling organization that is approved in the judicial district where you are filing bankruptcy. Credit counseling organizations may not charge an extra fee for the certificate.

A debtor education course by an approved provider should include information on developing a budget, managing money, and using credit wisely. Like pre-filing counseling, debtor education can take place in person, on the phone, or online. The education session might last longer than the pre-filing counseling about two hours and the fee is between $50 and $100. As with pre-filing counseling, if you cant afford the session fee, ask the debtor education provider to waive it. Check the list of approved debtor education providers online or at the bankruptcy clerks office in your district.

Once you have completed the required debtor education course, you should receive a certificate as proof. This certificate is separate from the certificate you received after completing your pre-filing credit counseling. Check the U.S. Trustees website to be sure that you receive the certificate from a debtor education provider that is approved in the judicial district where you filed for bankruptcy. Unless the debtor education provider told you theres a fee for the certificate before the education session begins, you cant be charged an extra fee for it.

If youre looking for credit counseling to fulfill the bankruptcy law requirements, make sure you receive services only from approved providers for your judicial district. Check the list of approved credit counseling providers online or at the bankruptcy clerks office for the district where you will file. Once you have the list of approved organizations, call several to gather information before you pick one. Some key questions to ask are:

The U.S. Trustee Program promotes integrity and efficiency in the nations bankruptcy system by enforcing bankruptcy laws and oversees private trustees. The Program has 21 regions and 95 field offices, and oversees the administration of bankruptcy in all states except Alabama and North Carolina. For more information, visit the U.S. Trustee Program.

If you have concerns about approved credit counseling agencies or debtor education course providers, contact the U.S. Trustee Program by email at USTCCDEComplaintHelp@usdoj.gov, or send a letter to Executive Office for U.S. Trustees, Credit Counseling and Debtor Education Unit, 20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 8000, Washington, D.C., 20530. Include as much detail as you can, including the name of the credit counseling organization or debtor education course provider, the date of contact, and who you talked to.

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Filing for Bankruptcy: What to Know | Consumer Advice

What is bankruptcy?

Bankruptcy is a legal process to help people who owe money, or debtors, get relief from debts they cannot pay and, at the same time, help people who are owed money, or creditors, get paid from assets property the debtor has.

After a bankruptcy, the debtor is no longer legally required to pay any debts that are eliminated, or discharged, in bankruptcy court.

Collectors cannot collect on the debts that have been discharged. This means that creditors have to stop all legal action, telephone calls, letters, and other types of contact about debts that have been discharged by the bankruptcy court.

Bankruptcy is governed by federal law, not California law. This guide provides basic information and resources, but there are no specific California state forms and you don't file with your county court, as you might for other legal matters.

Federal bankruptcy forms

Since there are different types of bankruptcy, one may be better for you than another, or bankruptcy may not be a good solution for your type of problem at all.

To decide if you should file for bankruptcy, you need to know:

Try to figure out if you can avoid bankruptcy on your own

Determine if you can reduce your expenses, increase your income, negotiate lower interest rates, or sell some property. You may be able to make adjustments to your situation to start paying off your debts on your own.

Learn about other options from a bankruptcy lawyer

A lawyer with expertise in bankruptcy may be able to give you additional ideas for alternatives.

Get help from a credit counseling agency

They can help you make a budget, negotiate a repayment plan with a reduced or even zero interest rate, and help you stop aggressive collection practices that are overwhelming you.

Many companies promising debt settlement for very little money take advantage of debtors by charging upfront whether or not they actually settle the debt.

You cannot discharge all debts in bankruptcy. Some of the most common debts that you cannot get rid of in bankruptcy are:

There are four common kinds of bankruptcy cases, named by the chapter of the federal Bankruptcy Code that describes them.

Deciding to file for bankruptcy is a big decision. It can affect you for a long time and it does not remove all types of debt. Any mistake in your case may mean the court can dismiss your case.

Since bankruptcy is a specialized area of law that is very complex, it is a good idea to get advice from a bankruptcy lawyer.

Guide to getting legal help

Bankruptcy resources

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Bankruptcy | California Courts | Self Help Guide