Daily Archives: May 27, 2022

The Black Democrat taking on Rand Paul – POLITICO

Posted: May 27, 2022 at 2:10 am

With help from Ella Creamer, Rishika Dugyala and Teresa Wiltz

POLITICO Illustration/Getty Images

What up Recast family! Oklahoma approves a measure banning abortions after conception, a GOP House member acknowledges giving constituents a tour of the U.S. Capitol complex on the eve of the Jan. 6 attack and the CDC recommends boosters for children ages 5 to 11. First though, we focus on a historic primary win in the Bluegrass State.

The sting of narrowly missing out on the Senate nomination two years ago still doesnt sit well with Charles Booker.

In 2020, the former Kentucky state representative, riding on the groundswell of emotion that erupted after the killing of Breonna Taylor by Louisville police officers and the subsequent racial justice protests, came within 2.8 percentage points of securing the Democratic nomination.

Nominee Amy McGrath went on to spend some $90 million only to get trounced by the Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell.

On Tuesday, Booker (no relation to this Recast author, though we joked about being distant cousins) left no doubt about his viability this time: winning his latest primary with more than 73 percent of the vote. He is the first Black candidate ever nominated to federal statewide office in Kentuckys history.

But he faces an equally daunting challenge of toppling incumbent Republican Sen. Rand Paul, who is well-financed and is running in a year far more favorable to the GOP than last cycle.

What Booker has got going for him is energy and charisma that is infectious and a willingness to speak about his own pain. He lost a cousin to gun violence and was raised in the economically depressed West End of Louisville.

As he sees it, Kentucky is ready to embrace a liberal Black Democrat trying to build a coalition of abandoned and ignored voters from the hood to the holler those hailing from the inner city to Appalachia. Its also the name of his memoir.

But he also may have to win over his own party. The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee has yet to release a statement or a tweet about his historic win. We talk about that, plus why he says, it should if it wants to be on the right side of history.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

THE RECAST: Has that gravity of being one election away from becoming the first Black person from the commonwealth to be sent to Congress sunk in for you yet?

BOOKER: You know, it hasn't. It's so overwhelming.

I'm doing my best to appreciate the magnitude of this moment. I feel the humility, I feel my ancestors. I've said a lot over the years in the Legislature and beyond, that my ancestors were enslaved in Kentucky.

I've had ancestors lynched in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. And so to stand in this moment now, helping to break barriers, even in becoming the first Black person to be a major party nominee for the U.S. Senate in Kentucky, to be the top of the ticket, its a big deal and Im proud.

Every week, we sit down with diverse and influential characters who are shaking up politics.

Who should we profile next? Let us know. Email us at [emailprotected].

THE RECAST:You secured the nomination with about 73 percent of the vote.

It comes on the same night that Cheri Beasley won her Senate primary in North Carolina. I mean, there's a long list of Black Senate candidates: Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker are likely going to duke it out in Georgia. Mandela Barnes in Wisconsin, Val Demings in Florida.

Is there something about 2022 that is the year of the Black Senate candidate? Does this year feel different to you?

BOOKER: What feels different to me is the heightened sense of urgency.

I'm not running for office because I want a title.

I'm doing this, because I genuinely want things to change for my family, I want poverty to end. I don't want to lose another cousin or a loved one in the streets to gun violence. And I don't want anyone to have to ration their insulin, like I've had to do as a Type 1 diabetic.

Surrounded by his family, Booker speaks to a group of supporters following his victory in the Kentucky primary in Louisville, May 17. | Timothy D. Easley/AP Photo

I'm telling the story of my struggles, which I think is something that's really powerful for Black candidates. Particularly those who have lived in the struggles that have often been prescribed to Black communities, because it gives us the lens to speak about structural inequity that weighs everybody down.

And I tell this story in my book, From the Hood to the Holler, because the challenges that we are seeing in my community in the West End of Louisville, in the hood, are very similar to the challenges in Appalachia. And those common bonds are not only how we're going to win this race, but it's how we win democracy.

THE RECAST: In 2020, you ran a campaign by harnessing the energy and fervor of the social justice movement following the police killings of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd and others. You came very close winning the Democratic nomination two years ago. Can you talk a little bit about what you learned in that defeat?

BOOKER: The thing that I learned was that the people of Kentucky are ready for the change that I'm fighting for. I was just willing to step out on faith and give my family, my loved ones across Kentucky, the chance to choose.

So this time around, I'm not a surprise to anyone. We came through the front door this time. And we went from being impossible to being inevitable.

Booker speaks to protesters gathering before a march to the Breonna Taylor memorial at Jefferson Square Park on Oct. 10, 2020 in Louisville, Kentucky. | Jon Cherry/Getty Images

THE RECAST: Do you feel it's difficult to turn activism into electability? I'm looking across the political landscape, like a former colleague of yours, state Rep. Attica Scott lost in her bid to become the nominee for Kentucky's 3rd District. I'm looking at Nina Turner earlier this month, a Bernie Sanders supporter, but also seen as an activist, came up short to help in her primary bid in Ohio.

BOOKER: It is hard to be in a position where you're marginalized and your voice has been taken away or been ignored, to be able to translate and transfer the pain and the frustration into political leadership.

Poverty is a policy choice. It isn't a product of laziness, or moral deficiency.

We are up against a system that isn't limited by party, that is really perpetuating a lot of the inequities that we're facing at the expense of corporate greed and political power for people so it's difficult to get into these spaces.

So what we're doing in this [Senate] race, my prayer is that it would be a template for more regular folks to know that not only does your voice matter, but you can lead for real change and you can win while doing it.

THE RECAST: To win, youve obviously got to drive up the margins in Louisville and Lexington. But where else can you turn the tide in this race come November?

BOOKER: Well, the power of this rallying cry from the hood to the holler is really that we're telling the story of how you bring communities, coalitions, together that really haven't even been considered as possible.

We know we have much more in common than we do otherwise. And so our path to victory is, as you mentioned, we have to turn out folks that we know are already prepared to vote for my policies and for my candidacy, which is a lot of Kentuckians.

But we also have to go to those communities, like in Appalachia. There are a lot of progressives a lot of people that want true progress. Medicare for All is really popular in a lot of communities across eastern Kentucky, mainly because a lot of folks can't afford health care. And they've seen these big fossil fuel corporations, coal companies making incredible profits and screwing them on the back end.

We're building this from the ground up. This is not with a lot of the party support that a lot of folks would have expected. That should change because my call is for the Democratic Party to be on the right side of history.

This is how Georgia won.

We are proving that you can win in places like Kentucky and if you do it in places like Kentucky, we can win everywhere.

Booker at a book signing event for his memoir in Louisville, Ky. on Apr. 27. | Piper Hudspeth Blackburn/AP Photo

THE RECAST: It's already thought to be a tough year for Democrats. Are you concerned at all that the partys headwinds the current occupant of the White House is facing will impact your race?

BOOKER: Well, it certainly is a factor.

It hasn't shaped how we've moved in this campaign, because this campaign was always bigger than all that.

At the end of the day, our pursuit of democracy is not about any particular party. It's about humanity. And it's not tied down to how successful any president is.

Now, of course, those narratives can make it harder or easier at times.

I'm a Black man running in Kentucky. There's not a whole lot that anyone can say that I havent already heard. We already know its uphill because of the cynicism. So the type of campaign we're building is already made to confront and disarm that.

THE RECAST: Youre running in a state that hasnt elected a Democrat to the Senate since 1992. How do you go about convincing folks that havent voted for a Democrat in a long time, perhaps havent voted for a Black candidate to support your candidacy over someone who's got broad name recognition like Sen. Rand Paul?

BOOKER: A lot of the work that I'm doing is going to counties in areas that Democrats don't go. And that includes the hood where Im from.

Now we vote, overwhelmingly Democrat when we vote in my community. But most politicians don't come until it's time to vote. And so the organizing that we've been doing through this campaign and into the summer is really about meeting people where they are, and not talking about things from a national narrative but pulling out the common bonds, and doing storytelling.

I come from the hood. I come from the struggle. I know what it's like to be ignored.

A lot of the people that voted for Donald Trump in Kentucky also voted for Bernie Sanders. Then we have a governor who has been polled as the most popular [Democratic] governor in the country.

So the issues we're dealing with aren't actually partisan.

Whether your week inched along or zoomed by quickly, were bringing you some quick pop news items and fun features to end it on a high note.

We mentioned Cheri Beasley won her primary in North Carolina. POLITICOs Burgess Everett is reporting Democrats are unsure whether they want to go all-in for her Senate run. Find out why.

Beasley speaks at an election night event hosted by the North Carolina Democratic Party after winning her primary race in Raleigh, N.C., May 17. | Ben McKeown/AP Photo

WATCH: Pentagon spokesperson John Kirby on Operation Fly Formula the Biden administrations response to the baby formula shortage.

The Jan. 6 select committee is requesting an interview with Rep. Barry Loudermilk (R-Ga.), who previously didnt disclose bringing a constituent family into the U.S. Capitol the day before it was attacked. He reversed course Thursday, POLITICOs Nicholas Wu and Kyle Cheney report.

For the birds: Christian Cooper, the Black man who got the cops called on him by a white woman while he was bird watching in Central Park in 2020, gets his own TV show on National Geographic, Extraordinary Birder.

Prepare yourself for a devastating look at Covids impact with The New York Times, on the heels of America reaching 1 million deaths. Readers shared deeply moving and intimate final text messages with their loved ones, often sent from hospital beds.

Last week, a team of climbers made history as the first all-Black group to summit Mount Everest. They tell the Today Show they want to inspire a future generation of outdoor enthusiasts.

Rhiannon Giddens has a new opera, Omar, telling the story of Omar ibn Said, an educated Senegalese man who was captured from his homeland and enslaved in South Carolina and went on to author several works in Arabic, including this autobiographical essay.

Listen to Jamil Jan Kochai reading his story, Occupational Hazards. The writer, who was born in an Afghan refugee camp in Pakistan, has a story collection coming out in July.

Kendrick Lamars back at it again, with another video from his new album, N 95:

Camila Cabello and Maria Becerra team up for their bouncy new song, Hasta Los Dientes."

TikToks of the day: Too much energy

Splitting the bill be like

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Wisconsin’s Democratic secretary of state might not make it on the ballot – Isthmus

Posted: at 2:10 am

Long-time Democratic Secretary of State Doug La Follette tells Isthmus its 50-50 he will be able to collect the 2,000 signatures needed to make it on the ballot this year.

Ill be real honest, its going to be close this year. I might not make it, says La Follette. COVID infections are still high, including in Dane County. I want to be safe, I want others to be safe. I cant help but feel a little betrayed that the Democratic Party [of Wisconsin] wont help me get on the ballot.

La Follette, who is 81, says he nearly retired this year. But he decided to run for re-election after the Democratic Party of Wisconsin pressured him to do so, telling La Follette he was the best candidate to win in November.

Because I was encouraged to run by the party, I decided to hold off on retiring, says La Follette, who announced he was running for re-election on March 17.Democratic Party of Wisconsin spokesperson Iris Riis initially did not respond to Isthmus when asked if the party had asked La Follette to run.But after this article was published Riis emailed that the party neither "encouraged nor discouraged" La Follette to runfor re-election.

In his last election, La Follette collected 1,500 signatures himself and volunteers collected the rest. Concerned about the pandemic, he didnt think it was realistic to do that again this year. But he had an idea on how to collect nomination signatures safely this election cycle.

I didn't want to risk my health or the health of others. So I came up with a plan. There are 72 counties in Wisconsin, each with its own [Democratic] county party. I asked [the state party] could each of those county parties collect just 30 signatures for me? That way, no one would have to go to events or farmers markets to collect signatures and we could all stay safe, says La Follette. But just as the campaign period was starting, another candidate decided to run. So I was told the Democratic Party of Wisconsin has a bylaw that when theres more than two candidates, they couldnt get involved.

A week after candidates could start collecting nomination signatures, AlexiaSabor, chair of the Democratic Party of Dane County, declared she was challenging La Follette in the Aug. 9 primary.

I have had many primary opponents and I dont mind. [Sabor] has every right to run. Thats why I asked the state party to help both of us collect nomination signatures, says La Follette. My plan still could have worked. But I was basically told they wouldnt help me contact the county parties or get involved.

La Follette says the state party stopped talking to him after that.

Shortly after this article was posted, Sachin Chheda a senior advisor for Sabor provided a comment via Twitter.

Doug La Follette has spent 44 years earning bipartisan agreement that he should have essentially no responsibilities. Its way past time for a change," tweeted Chheda. "Alexia Saboris the candidate who will champion democracy, ensure our public dollars are spent wisely, and fight to keep Wisconsins election machinery safe, secure, and nonpartisan. Also, she will be on the ballot.

Riis says that "barring extraordinary circumstances, DPW is neutral in primaries, and there is another Democratic candidate for Secretary of State.

That's not true of all races with incumbents. The Democratic Party of Wisconsin is helping Gov. Tony Evers collect nomination signatures. But according to the Wisconsin Campaign Finance Information System website, there are three candidates registered as Democrats running for governor and Evers might face some token opposition in the August primary.It makes sense the state party is backing its one-term incumbent at the top of the ticket. So why not La Follette?

"DPW has endorsed Evers, which is why we are helping collect nomination signatures. His endorsement fell under the extraordinary circumstances I mentioned earlier. Evers does not have any serious primary challengers," explains Riis. "The process for endorsement is a party subunit must recommend the endorsement to the administrative committee, which then votes whether or not to endorse a candidate. No subunit recommended La Follette for endorsement, so the administrative committee never voted whether or not to endorse him."

If theres one thing La Follette has proven time and time again, its that he can win even in years when Republicans are successful in elections up and down the ballot. Since 1974, Wisconsin voters have elected the Democrat to serve as secretary of state 11 times. He won on the same ballot as Republican Gov. Tommy Thompson four times, including when Thompson won in a landslide in 1994. La Follette was the only Democrat to win statewide office during the Republican wave when Gov. Scott Walker was elected in 2010; and La Follette won again in 2014.

Jay Schroeder, one of the Republicans running for secretary of state this year, has lost two elections to La Follette. Even Schroeder thinks La Follette is getting burned by his party.

I think Doug has been successful because of name recognition. But what does it say about him that his own party isnt helping him out? asks Schroeder. To me it says this is the year a Republican wins the office.

The stakes for Democrats losing the secretary of state race have never been higher. Legislative Republicans and all four top GOP candidates for governor want to abolish the Wisconsin Elections Commission, which is overseen by a board of both Democrats and Republicans. The GOP candidates for secretary of state are proposing that the office assume control of administering elections that was once the case in Wisconsin and many states still operate that way.

When Wisconsin was founded in 1848, the secretary of state was second only to the governor in terms of power. The secretary once served as the state auditor, acted as the state comptroller, and regulated state businesses. But over 170 years, the office has lost nearly all of its duties. When La Follette was first elected in 1974, he says he managed 49 employees. Now its one and the offices main duties include recording the official acts of the Legislature and governor and authenticating them with the states Great Seal, as well serving on the Board of Commissioners of Public Lands.

La Follette says he understands why the Wisconsin secretary of state race isnt a big priority for state Dems most years. And he admits his races are usually a bit sleepy.

But this year is different. The state party said they need to keep a Democrat in the office to protect them from voter finagling, says La Follette. I agree, thats why I agreed to run when I was very seriously considering retirement.

Why does La Follette think hes been so successful at the ballot box over four decades in Wisconsin politics?

Part of it is my reputation for being an independent-minded Democrat. Voters like that and thats how I have won support from independents and some Republicans. Part of it is back 40 years ago, I went around the state and shook as many hands as I could, campaigning like Bill Proxmire used to, says La Follette. Some of my success has also been because Republicans havent tried very hard to beat me. But I think that might change this year and I need all the help I can get.

Without the Democratic Party of Wisconsins help, La Follette is seeing some success urging people to collect signatures via Facebook. With just days to go before the June 1 deadline, he has about 500 more to collect and would like a healthy buffer to ensure he has a minimum of 2,000.

Like I said, its going to be close, says La Follette.

Editor's note: This article was updated to include additional comments from the Democratic Party of Wisconsin and Sachin Chheda, a senior advisor for Secretary of State candidate Alexia Sabor.

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I have to vote for Democrats, but I don’t have to like them – theday.com

Posted: at 2:10 am

This year has brought the final breaking point for me with Republicans, not that I voted for many of them before now.

But, really, anyone who still puts an R after their name, affiliated with the party that is about to succeed in turning back the clock on abortion rights, while putting at serious risk a whole range of other freedoms many Americans have come to take for granted as settled law mixed race marriage, gay marriage, contraception has no chance of getting my vote.

The Republican-created Supreme Court of religious zealots alsois pushing all these important matters down to the level of state legislatures and governors, making local races more important than ever before.

Republicans have created the party of voter suppression, the party of lies about voter fraud, the party that shields insurrectionists, the party that harbors white supremacists and the party that won't stand up to the gun lobby, talking about "hardening" our schools rather than stopping the madness of a shoot-em-up gun culture like none other in the world.

The problem, especially in Connecticut, is that leaves you with a motley crew of Democrats, who have long dominated the government and come to do whatever they please, granting all kinds of lucrative goodies, jobs, lavish contracts, even bloated lifetime pensions, to cronies.

I have been impressed in the past more by Connecticut's Democrats in Washington, as if they've risen to the challenge.

But then Connecticut's Washington delegation turned up in New London last week to paint lipstick on Gov. Ned Lamont's big fat $255 million pig, the remake of State Pier a subsidy to rich utilities, one foreign, who don't need it and would have done what they are doing to create profitable offshore wind farms without it.

In the long history of corporate subsidies by governments, Lamont's gift to the utilities must be close to a record breaker in terms of how few jobs it will create. Best estimates indicate the quarter of a billion dollar remake of State Pier will generate fewer wind assembly jobs than a small Walmart. The annual anticipated rent of about $2 million is, well, laughable, given the cost.

You can see this is a governor who inherited the fortune that is financing a second gubernatorial campaign. He didn't make it himself.

Lamont, who presided over a Bond Commission meeting Thursday in which funding to cover another $20 million cost overrun was approvedfor a project that started at $93 million, commented that he knows his way around a change order. Yes, and he pays it with the taxpayers' credit card.

This is the same governor who in 2020 said he was willing to accept all of the cost overruns for the then $157-million project signing a deal in which the utilities were responsible for no price increases because he had confidence in his deputy budget chief, Konstantinos Diamantis, who was overseeing the massive construction project.

Then Diamantis, the subject of a federal grand jury probe into spending at State Pier and Connecticut schools, resigned in disgrace. Oops. That sure was a lot of misplaced confidence by the governor.

What was so distressing about the pig painting last week by Connecticut's Washington politicians was the way they so blithely exaggerated and misled.

Really, how often do you see such a large gaggle of politicians gather around and enthusiastically talk about a project that is literally, as you read this, under investigation by the FBI, a new layer of criminal scrutiny that has followed countless scandals associated with the project.

The Washington Democrats dragged with them, because they could, the U.S. energy secretary, who helped them gush, saying President Joe Biden is personally watching and impressed with what's happening in New London.

Boy, do they think we are gullible.

"Come to State Pier ... this is the future of energy in America," Sen. Richard Blumenthal swooned.

Rep. Joe Courtney called the project he was looking at "eye-watering." Yikes. Get a grip.

You would almost think these folks, so anxious to put lipstick on Lamont's pig, don't know that offshore wind staging facilities are being built all up and down the East Coast, that maybe they've been fooled too. But no.

They are trying to fool us.

And it's likely that the wind staging facilities being built in other states, without the corruption or the same kind of cost-spiraling, massive public subsidies, have not put a union of longshoremen out of work or diverted traditional shipping to competing ports, some out of state.

New London Mayor Michael Passero, a Democrat, turned up predictably for the lipstick event. Passero sold his credibility about State Pier a long time ago, when he actually signed a deal with the rich utilities promising to always sing the praises of the pier project whenever asked.

What excuse do the others have?

Republicans on the Bond Commission asked some hard questions about the pier and the spiraling costs of Lamont's folly at Thursday's meeting.

Alas, I appreciate that.

But I couldn't pull a lever after their names if they appeared on a ballot in my voting booth, as long as there are still Rs after them.

There is too much else at stake for this country, which urgently needs to fend off a pressing Republican offensive against our freedoms and our democracy.

This is the opinion of David Collins.

d.collins@theday.com

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Jolanda Jones Wins Again in Bid to Replace Retiring Houston Democrat Garnet Coleman – The Texan

Posted: at 2:10 am

Austin, TX, May 25, 2022 For the second time this month, Democrat Jolanda Jones bested Danielle Keys Bess in a contest to replace retiring Rep. Garnet Coleman (D-Houston) for Texas House District (HD) 147.

After winning a May 7 special election over Bess by 202 votes, Jones was sworn in to assume interim duties as the representative for HD 147 under the districts previous geographic boundaries.

With slightly shifted boundaries under redistricting, Jones took first in the March primary election with 41 percent in a seven-way primary but came away with a 493-vote margin of victory in Tuesdays runoff against Bess.

A former Houston ISD trustee, Jones touted endorsements from Rep. Al Green (D-TX-09), Coleman, and state Sen. Boris Miles (D-Houston), but Bess held competing endorsements from her former employer Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX-18), state Rep. Harold Dutton (D-Houston), and Houston ISD trustee Elizabeth Santos.

Jones outraised and outspent Bess, and enjoys the support of the LGBTQ Victory Fund and Planned Parenthood Texas Votes political action committees along with numerous labor and teacher union groups.

With a rating of D-79% from The Texans Texas Partisan Index, as the Democratic Party nominee Jones is heavily favored to win, although controversial figure Damien Thaddeus Jones will appear on the ballot as the Republican nominee.

Damien Jones, who previously worked for both then-state Sen. Rodney Ellis (D-Houston) and Beto ORourkes 2018 Senate campaign, defeated Rashard Baylor in the Republican Primary but has ceased to campaign for the HD 147 seat.

Tied to the investigations and indictments of conservative activist Steven Hotze and former Houston police captain Mark Aguirre, Damien Jones is himself under indictment on misdemeanor charges after he allegedly threatened to expose then-state Rep. Gina Calanni (D-Katy) accusing her of personal matters if she did not resign from her seat in December 2019.

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HT This Day: May 26, 1951 – CLAUSE ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH AMENDED – Hindustan Times

Posted: at 2:08 am

NEW DELHI -SENSING the growing opposition to the most contentious provision in the Constitution (First Amendment) Bill, the Select Committee on the Bill has inserted the qualification " reasonable " before the list of restrictions on the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression so as to place in the hands of the judiciary the power to determine whether a restrictive legislation is " reasonable " or not.

The Committee's report was presented to Parliament today by the Prime Minister. There are as many as six minutes of dissent appended to the report, the more important among them being those of Dr S. P. Mookerjee and Pandit Kunzru.

The Committee has also, for the sake of clarification, recommended the addition of a new clause (4) to Article 15 where it thinks it would be preferable to refer to the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens," instead of referring to the educational, economic .or social advancement of any backward class of citizens."

While some apprehensions have been expressed in respect of this amendment, the Committee feels this provision " is not likely to be, and cannot indeed be, misused by any Government for perpetuating any class discrimination against the spirit of the Constitution, or for treating non-backward classes as backward for the purpose of conferring privileges on them."

ANOTHER CHANGE

Another change proposed by the Select Committee relates to future legislation providing, for acquisition of estates. In this clause the Committee has made two amendments- one, to the effect that wher6 the law is made by a State Legislature, it should be reserved for the consideration of the President and should receive his assent before the law could claim the protection given to it by the new Article. The other amendment merely seeks the definition of estate to cover existing laws which have been enacted in Hindi or Urdu and where the equivalent of estate in the local language has been used.

The only other Change made by the Committee is that even where the first session of Parliament or State Legislature after a general election happens to be the second session in that year there should be provision for an address by the President or the Governor. The original amendment made provision for the address only for the first session of each year.

MINUTES OF DISSENT

P.T.I. adds:

Mrs Durga Bai in her minute of dissent has suggested the power to restrict the freedom of speech and expression proposed to be given under the new clause 19(2) should be vested in Parliament alone, to the exclusion of the State Legislatures.

She says: " I feel there is considerable force in the criticism that in regulating the freedom of speech and expression, uniformity of laws can be secured only if the legislative decisions are taken by Parliament. Further the present amendment authorizes the curtailment of this freedom in the interest, inter alia of friendly relations with foreign States which obviously is a subject falling entirely and exclusively in the legislative ambit of the Union. The substitution of the word ' Parliament ' for the word ' State ' in the clause will ensure to Parliament the exclusive power of abridging the fundamental right of freedom of speech in the plenitude of its wisdom."

The argument that the change suggested would entail revision or interference with the legislative lists, she says, has no basis. After referring to the difference provided in the Constitution for amendment for the legislative lists and certain other articles and an amendment of the fundamental rights chapter, she says: " It is obvious no clause on the fundamental rights can he amended without restricting or enlarging the scope of the legislative power of Parliament or the State legislatures*

PUBLIC APPREHENSIONS

Pointing out the many instances in the fundamental rights chapter where Parliament had been given exclusive jurisdiction, she says " On the other hand, to include the new items, public order, maintenance of friendly relations with foreign States, does justify the apprehension that these extensions may result m serious encroachments on the liberty of person. and the Press, specially at the time of elections. There are going to be tens of thousands of polling stations and even after the general election, there will be about 100 by-elections every year. It will be open to any State legislature to abridge the freedom of the Press and the public and then take the chance of being overruled by Parliament. "

No other reason can be or has been assigned for opposing this suggestion which, I believe, will go a long way towards allaying public apprehensions so vigorously and vehemently voiced by powerful sections of the Press that the extensive power of control over the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression might be abused by some of the State legislatures. There is no more effective remedy for dispelling such apprehensions than the conferment upon Parliament the exclusive right 'to exercise that control in the manner suggested by me."

NO CONVINCING CASE

Pandit II. N. Kunzru in his minute of dissent says Government have not established " any clear and convincing case for the proposed amendments." The Constitution had been in force only for 16 months and general elections would be taking place in a few months and yet Government " propose to force these amendments to the Constitution through Parliament immediately."

It is a matter of deep regret." he continues, " that Government should not have given to the Committee full information in regard to the laws that had become void as a result of the recent Judicial pronouncements and that are to be validated though they were repeatedly asked to place before the Committee a clear picture of the position created by the decisions."

Pandit Kunzru has recalled that in the case of " Brig. Bhushan vs the Delhi State," the Supreme Court had held there could be no pre-censorship of news while in the case of " Romesh Thapar vs. Madras State." the order banning the entry and circulation of The Cross Roads into Madras in the interests of public order were considered unconstitutional.

" Is it the intention of Government to validate the exercise of these powers by the State?" he asked.

After referring to the fact that in Master Tara Singh's case Sections 124 A and 153 A of the Penal Code had been declared ultra vires, Pandit Kunzru says, " The history of Section 124 A is well known. It was passed in its present form in 1898 to curb the activities of Indian patriots. While in England sedition is treated as a minor offence, in India it is regarded as a major offence for which severe punishment can be imposed. Now that India is free it should find no place in a statute book in its existing form."

IMPORTANT CHANGE

Welcoming the use of the word " reasonable "' before " restrictions," he says it introduces * a very important change " and places in the hands of the judiciary the power to determine whe. ther a restrictive legislation is reasonable or not.

Referring to the retrospective validation of the laws, he says " Government should give an assurance that no one will be prosecuted for having acted in contravention of these laws while they were invalid."

In regard to the amendment to article 15, Pandit Kunzru says: " I think a central authority should determine which classes should be regarded as backward so that a uniform standard may be observed in respect of the specification of such classes pending the report of the Commission referred to in article 340 of the Constitution. A provision similar to the one contained in 341 and 342 of the Constitution is necessary to enable the President to decide which classes should be regarded as backward."

Mookerjee'S CRITICISM

Dr S. P. Mookerjee in his minute of dissent has questioned the need for the further restrictions on the freedom of speech. He has supported Mrs Durga Bal's suggestion the power to impose such restrictions should be vested only in Parliament.

Dr Mookerjee says the onus of proving the need for changes had not been " satisfactorily discharged " by the proposers of the amendments. The procedure adopted indicates " how the Constitution is being denied its inherent sanctity and sacredness."

The main ' reason advanced for the amendments was that the judiciary had pronounced its opinion on certain laws which were disfavoured by the Government in power. Though the members of the Select Committee repeatedly asked for it, they had not been furnished with the list of laws which had been declared invalid and which created dif6culties for Government.

The judiciary having been clothed with the duty of ensuring that the laws conform to the Constitution " nothing should be done to impair, the independence of the judiciary or To lower its prestige." Instead of bringing the old " repressive and retrograde " laws in line with the fundamental rights of the Constitution, " we are following the strange procedure of adhering to such reactionary laws and changing our fundamental rights."

WHOLESOME CHANGE

Welcoming the use of the words * reasonable restrictions " in the proposed Article 19(2), Dr Mookerjee says it is "a wholesome change." making 19(2) Justiciable and " I do not wish to minimize the importance of this change in the protection of civil liberty." The existing restrictions on the right to free speech and expression are " more than sufficiently restrictive " and there should be no fresh additions to these the only lacuna, if at all, is that limitations did not cover " incitement to violence " and this might be removed, but there is no justification for " forging fresh fetters." The term " public order " used in the amendment is vague and should be subject to " the clear and present danger test," namely, that the substantive evil must be extremely serious and the degree of imminence extremely high.

FOREIGN STATES

Dr Mookerjee says there is no justification for bringing in the unrestricted provision of "friendly relations with foreign States." At the most, the phrase should not extend beyond defamatory attacks on heads of foreign States or similar acts. Though the Government agreed to this principle, it is not prepared to make it clear and unambiguous in the Constitution itself.

Pointing out that the State legislatures, under the proposed amendments. would be able to exercise powers at protecting the rights and liberties of the people. resulting in " conflicting approaches " Its different States. Dr Mookerjee says: " These laws, at least those relating to the restrictions of fundamental rights, should be framed by Parliament and not by the State legislatures."

Referring to the retrospective character of the amendment, he says: " This is most undesirable and may theoretically clothe the Government with the authority to launch prosecutions for alleged offences committed during a period when the laws were void according to court decisions." The Prime Minister and the Home Minister, he adds, have assured this was not the Governments intention and instructions would be issued to the State Governments accordingly, if necessary. " Still the dangerous implications of such retrospective legislation cannot be minimized."

NEW ARTICLES 31-A & B

In regard to the new Article 31-A and 31-B. Dr Mookerjee says the Patna Act had been declared invalid by the High Court as a violation of Article 14. If the Government appealed to the Supreme Court, and if it gave a verdict not acceptable to the Government, that could have been a justification for amending the Constitution. But nothing had as yet happened to justify the taking away of the jurisdiction of the judiciary in this sweeping manner. At least the wording of Article 31-A should be so modified that the responsibility to see that the provisions of Article 31 were complied with, should vest in the President.

As regards 31-B, some of the laws proposed to be validated are pending before the courts. To include in the Constitution itself particular laws which had been deliberately declared invalid by the judiciary was " an extraordinary procedure." The laws should at least be carefully tested again by the President to see that they do not violate the provisions of the Constitution. Only thereafter should they be declared valid.

So long as they had a written constitution and fundamental rights, they have to abide by its provisions No Government could afford to brush them aside or hurriedly seek their alteration on the plea that judicial interpretations are not to its liking. " A better and more honourable course would have been not to have a written constitution at all and make Parliament the supreme body."

MINUTES OF DISSENT

Three members, Prof. K. T. Shah. Sardar Hukam Singh and Mr Naziruddin Ahmad, have submitted a joint minute of dissent and also separate ones.

They say the experience gained in the working of the Constitution was too short and too few to warrant the conclusion that an amendment was needed.

Amendment of the Constitution by the present Parliament was open to question on grounds of propriety if not of constitutionality. With elections barely six months off the proposed amendment could hardly be said to be in the best traditions of constitutional progress, democratic ideas or of effective popular sovereignty.

The three members have also voiced the complaint that the Committee did not have sufficient material before them and they did not also have the text of the laws which were to be validated.

Amendment to Article 15 was " objectionable as being incompatible with the letter and spirit of the Constitution.' Though the entire population of the country could be said to be backward, certain so-called backward classes were being selected for special treatment " Those in power arid authority have done nothing hitherto to implement any important article in the chapter on the directives of policy, which breathe the spirit of the Constitution, even though somewhat asthmatically."

NEW RESTRICTIONS

Far more objectionable, they say, is the proposed amendment to Article 19. At least three new categories have been introduced, while those already in the article have been in some respects materially modified. In the amendment as it now stood the term " reasonable is added before " restrictions." To this extent it is a welcome improvement. " We, however, see no justification for ' including ' friendly relations ' with foreign States to restrict, however reasonably, freedom of speech and expression." The Press in India as a whole has shown no evidence to justify this wholly gratuitous and unwarrantable restriction on civil liberties.

As regards the proposed new Article, 31-A, special consideration is shown to owners of landed property, namely, reserving a Bill for consideration by the President and for his assent, it is sought to abolish land ownership or, corresponding rights in land. But no such consideration will be shown to any Bill aimed at restricting civil liberty. particularly in regard to freedom of speech and expression.

Mr Naziruddin Ahmad, in his additional minute of dissent, says: " Up to 8-45 a.m. on May 25 I have not, and so far as I could ascertain, no other member of the Select Committee has seen the actual text of the Bill as finally settled by the Select Committee after several revisions. This has acted as an additional handicap in the way of drawing up any accurate and up-to-date dissentient note."

THE ECONOMICALLY BACKWARD

Mr Ahmed has suggested that besides the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens provided for in the new Article 15(4), the advancement of the economically backward classes also should be provided.

Referring to the argument of Dr Ambedkar in the House, that the Supreme Court should have imported the principle of " police powers of the State " in interpreting the Constitution. Mr Ahmad has said that the Court had correctly interpreted the Constitution. The police powers of the State flowed from the use of the words " due process of law " in the U.S. Constitution, and this had not found a place in the Indian Constitution.

In regard to Article 19(2), the words " incitement to offence " were too vague and go too far. Even under the I.P.C . which had stood the test of over 90 years, mere incitement to offence was not an offence unless it was followed by a criminal act. Only emergency legislations provided for this offence.

Another serious fault in the proposed Article 19(2) was that it empowers legislation to punish defamatory at, tacks on foreign States and also anything which impairs friendly relations with foreign States. The power sought presently went too far and might be used too easily to prohibit and punish ordinary and fair criticism of foreign affairs. Again, any fair and outspoken criticism might be made punishable by law.

Unfortunately, the existing penal and other laws had not been adapted to bring them in line with the Constitution. If this had been done there will be a clearer picture. By reviving the obsolete and dead laws with retrospective effect, their real shape and effect could not be known with any certainty or exactitude.

LAND QUESTION

In regard to the new Article 31-A, Mr Ahmad says the principle of the clause is widely accepted but the crucial test is payment of adequate or proper compensation as admitted by the Prime Minister himself in Parliament. But the revival of all existing laws, whether good or bad in that respect, is being attempted. "

This is utterly expropriatory and shows high-handedness and would serve as a warning to owners of other properties and business of their approaching fate. The result will be widespread panic and uncertainty rendering industrialization of the country a difficult process.

By introducing the Ninth Schedule, reviving all dead and half-dead enactments, irrespective of their propriety or adequacy, " Parliament is asked to put rubber stamp certificates of fitness to them without examining their contents." Some - alarming examples " of injustice and arbitrariness brought to light in the Acts and which should be condemned " outright as outrageous " are going to be " sanctified " by the validation process and it could never be justified on any grounds of principle or policy.

The entire Bill was hastily conceived and was being rushed through Parliament without proper or satisfactory scrutiny by the public.

HUKAM SINGH'S NOTE

Sarder Hukam Singh in his separate minute of dissent has said that the Constitution was made the touchstone to test the laws. Instead of changing the old repressive and defective laws, the Constitution is now sought to be amended. While the use of the word * reasonable " is welcome, the scope of limitations is still too wide.

The amendment proposed to Article 15 indirectly amends Article 20 (2) and this is beyond the scope of the Select Committee. The present amendment will leave very wide scope to the State legislatures and consequently to the executive to corrupt the list of backward classes by including groups that were not backward.

Sarder Hukam Singh has also objected to the amendment to Article 19(6). While he accepted the principle of the State carrying on trade or business, h,(r referred to instances in U.P. and Bombay, where, while bus owners had been deprived of their right to carry on trade, their vehicles had not been taken over. This was a device to get over the clear provisions of law allowing compensation to them. The Allahabad and Bornbay High Courts had given some relief to them. Under the present amendment they would be completely out of court and entirely at the mercy of the executive.

K. T. SHAH'S NOTE

Prof. K. T. Shah, in his minute of dissent, says that Article 31 A by restricting its scope to proprietorial or analogous rights in land as against the scope of Article 31 which extends to landed as well as personal wealth in commerce and industry, creates " a needless and unjustifiable discrimination which is de8nitely against the spirit of the Constitution, aiming at an egalitarian society."

Again, while bills relating to landed rights were to be reserved for consideration of the President, no such safeguards were being provided for the protection of civil liberties when threatened by State legislation.

The proposal to validate all the laws mentioned in the schedule was open to fundamental objection. Not all of them had been declared invalid by courts and none of them had been examined' by the Select Committee. To declare the summarily valid and give them protection en bloc is a dangerous precedent.

The new additions by the Committee to Articles 31-A and 31-B made no provision to guard against the entire purpose of such legislation being defeated by the setting up of smaller and more tenacious landlord or peasant proprietors. Unless the dispossession of large landlords was accompanied by a simultaneous nationalisation of land permitting collective or at least co-operative cultivation, there would be no real benefit from the amendment.

The provision authorizing the summoning of either House of Parliament was not only unnecessary but was likely to pave the way for a presidential dictatorship.

The proposed amendment enabling the appointment of non-citizens to high judicial office in the Union, including the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was objectionable both on grounds of national self-respect as well as the limited number of persons for whom the amendment appears to have been proposed. It was said there were only four non-citizens who would be benefited. "

I see no reason why these persons should not acquire Indian citizenship if they desire to serve this country in such exalted positions," Prof Shah concludes.

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HT This Day: May 26, 1951 - CLAUSE ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH AMENDED - Hindustan Times

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Top 7 Ways to Cultivate Creative Excellence with AI – Entrepreneur

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Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

In a time when the pace of change is accelerating, the presence of creative excellence for businesses is crucial for success. However, it is easier said than done. Creative excellence with humans alone has its setbacks, preventing it from reaching its full potential.

That's where artificial intelligence comes in. AI is an extraordinary force for creative excellence. The power of AI to improve creativity is just beginning to be tapped. It can help artists and designers create on a previously unimaginable scale and transform how we interact with creative content. AI can also make creative workflows more efficient and effective by removing menial tasks from the creative process, uncovering new insights about what people want to see and using data to make content more compelling for audiences.

A new frontier of creative possibility lies at the crossroads of creativity and technology. It's an exciting time to be creative the doors to innovation are open, and those with bold visions stand to gain the most.

The tools that have facilitated our determination to be in control of everything are now helping us break out of our molds and explore uncharted territory, leading us to all sorts of possibilities that we would never have stumbled upon on our own.

We can now use AI in tandem with human intelligence to create works that defy conventional categorization and redefine what it means to be creative in today's world. Here's how to cultivate a culture of creative excellence with AI for your business.

Related: This Is How AI Content Marketing Will Shake Up 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables a new era of creative excellence that will transform creative workflows, unleash new value and create new competitive advantages. By providing deep insights into customer desires and needs, AI can help companies rapidly prototype and test concepts to identify which ones most resonate with consumers. It can also aid in executing campaigns and measuring the results, enabling continuous optimization against marketing objectives.

The cognitive tools that make up artificial intelligence can transform creative workflows. Cognitive technologies can amplify human creativity by enabling creative professionals such as designers, writers and filmmakers to spend less time on repetitive processes or tasks that require rote memory and instead focus on higher-value, more imaginative work.

Related:5 Ways Artificial Intelligence Is Radically Transforming Creativity in Business

Creative expression involves generating new ideas, which has always been understood as an inherently human skillset. But a growing number of research projects are demonstrating that deep learning, an advanced machine-learning technique, can be used to model and simulate many aspects of human creativity. One example is Project Magenta, an initiative by Google Brain researchers to use machine learning for creating music and art and also teach computers how to make compelling art on their own. Another example is the automated content creators, which use algorithms to generate different kinds of text based on a computer-learned model of an author's style.

And while these projects haven't yet reached the point where they can effectively create truly original works without human assistance, they provide valuable insights into how you can enhance creative output through technology.

Data is a double-edged sword for marketers: it provides insights into consumers' activities and preferences, but it can be time-consuming and costly to sift through it manually. Machine learning algorithms have made it easier to analyze data, turning it from raw numbers into actionable insight. Advances in natural language processing now mean that you can present this insight in easier ways for humans to understand and use.

Writing is often seen as a purely human activity, but AI systems are increasingly being used to write articles on their own some are even capable of generating full stories. The technology can scan thousands of pages in seconds and then use what it learns to generate content that mimics a human writer's style.

Related:Top 5 Ways AI Can Enhance Your Content-Creation Process

You can apply AI to creative workflows in many ways, from enhancing production processes to informing decisions about what content will resonate with consumers. With AI-powered tools, marketers can create more relevant, targeted campaigns by analyzing large amounts of data such as market research, customer profiles and brand performance metrics to predict consumer behavior and recommend which messages will influence them most effectively. This kind of technology enhances strategy by providing real-time guidance based on what has worked in the past and helps brands anticipate consumer needs before they arise.

Traditional market research methods can be time-consuming, expensive, and difficult to scale when developing new creative assets. Cognitive technology leverages natural language processing and machine learning technologies to quickly ingest large amounts of unstructured data reviews, social media posts, news articles and identify patterns and trends that help brands understand their customers' desires better. Marketers can then use these insights to develop messaging that resonates with consumers.

The creativity of the human mind is a uniquely powerful resource but one that has historically been difficult to harness effectively. With the aid of AI technologies, however, talent can be identified and nurtured in previously overlooked places, thereby opening new opportunities for creative professionals who once faced barriers.

Suppose these are indeed the early days of a creative renaissance driven by AI. In that case, it's already clear that the changes brought about by this technology will extend far beyond how individuals work and collaborate. It will also revolutionize how we recruit and reward employees across all industries.

Related:The Complete Guide to AI for Businesses and How It's Making a Difference

No matter where you fall on the spectrum whether you're a traditionalist who sees AI as a threat to your livelihood or an innovator who sees it as a tool for exciting new opportunities it's important not to let the fear of change hold you back from exploring the possibilities that lie ahead. Be open-minded about the potential for creativity, even if it looks different than what you're used to. After all, when we look at the current developments in art and technology, we see just how much can happen when creative people think outside the box.

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AI Adoption Will Cause Workforce Reorganization – SHRM

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Human resource executives at companies that are investing in artificial intelligence (AI) technology can expect to scout for higher-skilled IT workers as demand for their skills rises. They will also be faced with managing labor composition disruptions and workforce reorganizations as more companies use AI's predictive technology capabilities to solve business problems.

In a recently published research paper titled Firm Investments in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Changes in Workforce Composition, professors from Columbia University; the University of California, Berkeley; and the University of Maryland pored over almost a decade's worth of data and found that AI adoption will change the employment landscape as well as HR managers' priorities.

Researchers examined changes in labor outcomes from 2010 to 2018 using several datasets, sourced from Cognism Inc., a London-based sales intelligence firm.

Researchers also used 180 million job postings provided by Boston-based Burning Glass Technologies, an analytics software company that conducts research on labor market trends. The data details job descriptions and specific requirements such as years of education and experience.

Additional data sources were wage and education data grouped by commuting zone from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey and wage and employment data grouped by industry from the U.S. Census Quarterly Workforce Indicators. From Compustat, researchers obtained firm-level data on operational variables such as sales, cash and assets.

The research shows that when companies invested in AI, there was a corresponding demand for workers who possess undergraduate and graduate degrees in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.

"As firms invest in AI, they tend to transition to more educated workforces, with higher shares of workers with undergraduate and graduate degrees and more specialization in STEM fields and IT and analysis skills," the report stated. "Furthermore, AI investments are associated with a flattening of the firms' hierarchical structure, with significant increases in the share of workers at the junior level and decreases in shares of workers in middle-management and senior roles."

Junior level workers are those with less than two years of experience, or have two to five years of experience but do not manage anyone directly.

A junior-level worker entering the workforce will know more about how to use AI data to make predictions, said Alex He, co-author of the report and assistant professor of finance at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland. This is a shift from the days when managers were the ones who analyzed AI data, gained insights and made decisions accordingly.

In short, AI empowers junior-level workersa shift that has implications for the worker and manager relationship.

"We found that AI is making the firm less top-heavy and flatter. It's not surprising, because AI has the ability to make predictions, and that makes the entry-level workers more capable to make decisions. They can do more, and there is less need for middle managers," He said.

As companies that invest in AI operate with more employees in entry-level or single contributor roles and fewer workers in either middle management or senior positions, He predicted that several issues will arise that HR executives will be forced to manage in a restructured workforce.

"For example, right now, entry-level employees are paid less and managers are paid more, but if there are fewer managers, you can afford to pay the entry-level workers more to attract the required skills," He said.

Another significant finding is that there are some jobs that can't be replaced no matter how much investment is made in AI technology.

"Interestingly, firms that invest more heavily in AI do not reduce their demand for some of the skill groups that are most often predicted to be replaced by AI, such as customer service, HR, and legal," the report stated.

James Hodson is a co-author of the report. He is the chief science officer at Cognism and chief executive officer at the AI for Good Foundation, a nonprofit organization headquartered in Berkeley, Calif. Hodson said HR managers have an opportunity to use AI to hire highly skilled people, to reskill and train people faster, and to build more productive teams. AI also allows HR managers to track data on employees, which can help HR managers understand workers better.

However, the report's findings present both difficulties and opportunities for HR managers who will be asked to oversee an AI-induced workforce reorganization while maintaining or even advancing the competitive advantage of their companies.

"In general, HR executives need to be aware of managing organizational change, especially when it relates to the adoption of AI technology. Essentially, AI is bringing the HR function to the forefront of the business," Hodson said.

Nicole Lewis is a freelance journalist based in Miami.

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China and Europe are leading the push to regulate A.I. one of them could set the global playbook – CNBC

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A robot plays the piano at the Apsara Conference, a cloud computing and artificial intelligence conference, in China, on Oct. 19, 2021. While China revamps its rulebook for tech, the European Union is thrashing out its own regulatory framework to rein in AI but has yet to pass the finish line.

Str | Afp | Getty Images

As China and Europe try to rein in artificial intelligence, a new front is opening up around who will set the standards for the burgeoning technology.

In March, China rolled out regulations governing the way online recommendations are generated through algorithms, suggesting what to buy, watch or read.

It is the latest salvo in China's tightening grip on the tech sector, and lays down an important marker in the way that AI is regulated.

"For some people it was a surprise that last year, China started drafting the AI regulation. It's one of the first major economies to put it on the regulatory agenda," Xiaomeng Lu, director of Eurasia Group's geo-technology practice, told CNBC.

While China revamps its rulebook for tech, the European Union is thrashing out its own regulatory framework to rein in AI, but it has yet to pass the finish line.

With two of the world's largest economies presenting AI regulations, the field for AI development and business globally could be about to undergo a significant change.

At the core of China's latest policy is online recommendation systems. Companies must inform users if an algorithm is being used to display certain information to them, and people can choose to opt out of being targeted.

Lu said that this is an important shift as it grants people a greater say over the digital services they use.

Those rules come amid a changing environment in China for their biggest internet companies. Several of China's homegrown tech giants including Tencent, Alibaba and ByteDance have found themselves in hot water with authorities, namely around antitrust.

I see China's AI regulations and the fact that they're moving first as essentially running some large-scale experiments that the rest of the world can watch and potentially learn something from.

Matt Sheehan

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

"I think those trends shifted the government attitude on this quite a bit, to the extent that they start looking at other questionable market practices and algorithms promoting services and products," Lu said.

China's moves are noteworthy, given how quickly they were implemented, compared with the timeframes that other jurisdictions typically work with when it comes to regulation.

China's approach could provide a playbook that influences other laws internationally, said Matt Sheehan, a fellow at the Asia program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

"I see China's AI regulations and the fact that they're moving first as essentially running some large-scale experiments that the rest of the world can watch and potentially learn something from," he said.

The European Union is also hammering out its own rules.

The AI Act is the next major piece of tech legislation on the agenda in what has been a busy few years.

In recent weeks, it closed negotiations on the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act, two major regulations that will curtail Big Tech.

The AI law now seeks to impose an all-encompassing framework based on the level of risk, which will have far-reaching effects on what products a company brings to market. It defines four categories of risk in AI: minimal, limited, high and unacceptable.

France, which holds the rotating EU Council presidency, has floated new powers for national authorities to audit AI products before they hit the market.

Defining these risks and categories has proven fraught at times, with members of the European Parliament calling for a ban on facial recognition in public places to restrict its use by law enforcement. However, the European Commission wants to ensure it can be used in investigations while privacy activists fear it will increase surveillance and erode privacy.

Sheehan said that although the political system and motivations of China will be "totally anathema" to lawmakers in Europe, the technical objectives of both sides bear many similarities and the West should pay attention to how China implements them.

"We don't want to mimic any of the ideological or speech controls that are deployed in China, but some of these problems on a more technical side are similar in different jurisdictions. And I think that the rest of the world should be watching what happens out of China from a technical perspective."

China's efforts are more prescriptive, he said, and they include algorithm recommendation rules that could rein in the influence of tech companies on public opinion. The AI Act, on the other hand, is a broad-brush effort that seeks to bring all of AI under one regulatory roof.

Lu said the European approach will be "more onerous" on companies as it will require premarket assessment.

"That's a very restrictive system versus the Chinese version, they are basically testing products and services on the market, not doing that before those products or services are being introduced to consumers."

Seth Siegel, global head of AI at Infosys Consulting, said that as a result of these differences, a schism could form in the way AI develops on the global stage.

"If I'm trying to design mathematical models, machine learning and AI, I will take fundamentally different approaches in China versus the EU," he said.

At some point, China and Europe will dominate the way AI is policed, creating "fundamentally different" pillars for the technology to develop on, he added.

"I think what we're going to see is that the techniques, approaches and styles are going to start to diverge," Siegel said.

Sheehan disagrees there will be splintering of the world's AI landscape as a result of these differing approaches.

"Companies are getting much better at tailoring their products to work in different markets," he said.

The greater risk, he added, is researchers being sequestered in different jurisdictions.

The research and development of AI crosses borders and all researchers have much to learn from one another, Sheehan said.

"If the two ecosystems cut ties between technologists, if we ban communication and dialog from a technical perspective, then I would say that poses a much greater threat, having two different universes of AI which could end up being quite dangerous in how they interact with each other."

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Microsofts Code-Writing AI Points to the Future of Computers – WIRED

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Microsoft just showed how artificial intelligence could find its way into many software applicationsby writing code on the fly.

At the Microsoft Build developer conference today, the companys chief technology officer, Kevin Scott, demonstrated an AI helper for the game Minecraft. The non-player character within the game is powered by the same machine learning technology Microsoft has been testing for auto-generating software code. The feat hints at how recent advances in AI could change personal computing in years to come by replacing interfaces that you tap, type, and click to navigate into interfaces that you simply have a conversation with.

The Minecraft agent responds appropriately to typed commands by converting them into working code behind the scenes using the software API for the game. The AI model that controls the bot was trained on vast amounts of code and natural language text, then shown the API specifications for Minecraft, along with a few usage examples. When a player tells it to come here, for instance, the underlying AI model will generate the code needed to have the agent move toward the player. In the demo shown at Build, the bot was also able to perform more complex tasks, like retrieving items and combining them to make something new. And because the model was trained on natural language as well as code, it can even respond to simple questions about how to build things.

While its unclear how reliably the system might work outside the demo, similar tricks could be used to make other applications respond to typed or spoken commands.

Microsoft has built an AI coding tool called GitHub Copilot on top of the same technology. It automatically suggests code when a developer starts typing, or in response to the comments added to a piece of code. Scott says Copilot is the first instance of what will likely be a slew of AI-first products in the coming years, from Microsoft and others. Code-writing AI lets you think about doing software development in a different wayso you can express an intention for something that you want to accomplish, he says.

Scott doesnt provide specific examples, but this could one day mean a version of Windows that locates a particular document and emails it to a colleague when you ask it to, or an AI-imbued version of Excel that turns a dataset into a chart when you ask. Were gonna see lots and lots and lots of big productivity wins for all sorts of routine cognitive work that none of us especially enjoys, Scott says.

In recent years, AI has proven adept at tasks such as classifying images, transcribing audio, and translating text. Recent algorithmic advances, combined with huge amounts of computer power, have yielded new AI programs capable of more sophisticated feats, including generating coherent textsuch as computer code.

The Minecraft bot was built using an AI model called Codex that was developed by OpenAI, an AI company that received funding from Microsoft in 2019. Codex was trained on natural language text scraped from the web, as well as billions of lines of code from GitHub, a popular repository for software owned by Microsoft.

Microsofts Copilot was made available to a limited number of testers in June 2021 and is now being used by over 10,000 developers who are producing, on average, around 35 percent of their code in popular languages like Python and Java using Copilot, Microsoft says. The company plans to make Copilot available for anyone to download this summer. To build something like the Minecraft bot, developers would need to work with the underlying AI model, Codex.

Both Codex and Copilot have stirred up some anxiety among developers, who fear they could be automated out of a job. The Minecraft demo could inspire similar concerns. But Scott says the feedback on Copilot has been largely positive, suggesting that it simply automates more tedious coding tasks. If you talk to a developer who actually uses a Copilot, they'll say this is such a great tool, he says.

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Singapore touts need for AI transparency in launch of test toolkit – ZDNet

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Businesses in Singapore now will be able to tap a governance testing framework and toolkit to demonstrate their "objective and verifiable" use of artificial intelligence (AI). The move is part of the government's efforts to drive transparency in AI deployments through technical and process checks.

Coined A.I. Verify, the new toolkit was developed by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC), which administers the country's Personal Data Protection Act.

The government agencies underscored the need for consumers to know AI systems were "fair, explainable, and safe", as more products and services were embedded with AI to deliver more personalised user experience or make decisions without human intervention. They also needed to be assured that organisations that deploy such offerings were accountable and transparent.

Singapore already has published voluntary AI governance frameworks and guidelines, with its Model AI Governance Framework currently in its second iteration.

A.I Verify now will allow market players to demonstrate to relevant stakeholders their deployment of responsible AI through standardised tests. The new toolkit currently is available as a minimum viable product, which offers "just enough" features for early adopters to test and provide feedback for further product development.

Specifically, it delivers technical testing against three principles on "fairness, explainability, and robustness", packaging commonly used open-source libraries into one toolkit for self-assessment. These include SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for explainability, Adversarial Robustness Toolkit for adversarial robustness, and AIF360 and Fairlearn for fairness testing.

The pilot toolkit also generates reports for developers, management, and business partners, covering key areas that affect AI performance, testing the AI model against what it claims to do.

For example, the AI-powered product would be tested on how the model reached a decision and whether the predicted decision carried unintended bias. The AI system also could be assessed for its security and resilience.

The toolkit currently works with some common AI models, such as binary classification and regression algorithms from common frameworks including scikit-learn, Tensorflow, and XGBoost.

IMDA added that the test framework and toolkit would enable AI systems developers to conduct self-testing not only to maintain the product's commercial requirements, but also offer a common platform to showcase these test results.

Rather than define ethical standards, A.I. Verify aimed to validate claims made by AI systems developers about their AI use as well as the performance of their AI products

However, the toolkit would not provide guarantee that the AI system tested was free from biases or free from security risks, IMDA stressed.

It could, though, facilitate interoperability of AI governance frameworks and could help organisations plug gaps between such frameworks and regulations, the Singapore government agency said.

It added that it was working with regulations and standards organisations to map A.I. Verify to established AI frameworks, so businesses could offer AI-powered products and services in different global markets. The US Department of Commerce is amongst agencies Singapore was working with to ensure interoperability between their AI governance frameworks.

According to IMDA, 10 organisations already had tested and offered feedback on the new toolkit, including Google, Meta, Microsoft, Singapore Airlines, and Standard Chartered Bank.

IMDA added that A.I. Verify was aligned with globally accepted principles and guidelines on AI ethics, including those from Europe and OECD that encompassed key areas such as repeatability, robustness, fairness, and societal and environmental wellbeing. The framework also leveraged testing and certification regimes that comprised components such as cybersecurity and data governance.

Singapore would look to continue developing A.I. Verify to incorporate international AI governance standards and industry benchmarks, IMDA said. More functionalities also would be gradually added with industry contribution and feedback.

In February, the Asian country also released a software toolkit to help financial institutions ensure they were using AI responsibly as well as five whitepapers to guide these companies on assessing their deployment based on predefined principles. Industry regulator Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) said the documents detailed methodologies for incorporating theFEAT principles--of Fairness, Ethics, Accountability, and Transparency--into the use of AI within the financial services sector.

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Singapore touts need for AI transparency in launch of test toolkit - ZDNet

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