Daily Archives: April 27, 2022

Federalism in India – Federal Features & Unitary Features …

Posted: April 27, 2022 at 10:11 am

Federalism is a system of government in which powers have been divided between the centre and its constituent parts such as states or provinces. It is an institutional mechanism to accommodate two sets of politics, one at the centre or national level and second at the regional or provincial level. It makes an important part of Indian Polity syllabus of the IAS Exam. This article will introduce you to Federalism in India notes.

In a federation system, there are two seats of power that are autonomous in their own spheres. A federal system is different from a unitary system in that sovereignty is constitutionally split between two territorial levels so that each level can act independently of each other in some areas.

There are two kinds of federations:

Read the difference between Indian and the US government in the linked article.

Aspirants reading the topic, Federalism in India, are also suggested to read the following topics related to Indian Polity syllabus:

All federations might not have all the above features. Some of them may be incorporated depending on what type of federation it is.

India is a federal system but with more tilt towards a unitary system of government. It is sometimes considered a quasi-federal system as it has features of both a federal and a unitary system. Article 1 of the Indian Constitution states, India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states. The word federation is not mentioned in the constitution.

Elements of federalism were introduced into modern India by the Government of India Act of 1919 which separated powers between the centre and the provincial legislatures.

Read about Constituent Assembly debates on Federalism in the linked article.

Also, read the RSTVs Big Pictures discussion on challenges to the Federal Structure in the linked article.

Federalism is an important principle and federalism in India is especially relevant for the UPSC exam. It comes under polity and governance in general studies paper II in UPSC Syllabus 2022.

Federalism in India UPSC Indian Polity Notes:-Download PDF Here

Some features are: (1) Clear division of powers between the Centre and the states, (2) Independent Judiciary, (3) Bicameral Legislature, (4) Dual government polity, (5) Supremacy of constitution.

The Indian model of federalism is called a quasi-federal system, as it contains major features of both a federation and union.

UPSC GS-II Preparation:

Go here to read the rest:

Federalism in India - Federal Features & Unitary Features ...

Posted in Federalism | Comments Off on Federalism in India – Federal Features & Unitary Features …

Understanding Federalism | National Archives

Posted: at 10:10 am

Summary

Each of the five activities in this lesson introduces a different aspect of federalism. Introducing Federalism explores everyday situations that demonstrate the influence of federalism. The Historic Roots of Federalism shows students how the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution are grounded in federalism. Federalism in the Constitution explores federalism as described in Article I of the Constitution. Federalism in History uses historic legislation to illustrate how the relationship between the Federal government and the states has changed over time. Federalism in Everyday Life uses everyday experience to show the overlap among the different levels of government. The activities can be completed separately over the course of several classes.

Students will learn about federalism and its role in civic life by completing one or more of the activities.

What is federalism, and how does this constitutional principle influence government and civic life in the United States?

6 Worksheets

Answer Keys

Grades 6-8

Civics; U.S. Government

Each activity requires approximately 30 minutes to complete. Activity 5 has two optional parts which can be done in class or as homework assignments.

Activity 1: Introducing Federalism

Activity 2: The Historic Roots of Federalism

Activity 3: Federalism in the Constitution

Activity 4: Federalism in History

Activity 5: Federalism in Everyday Life

Optional Activity

Did you like this lesson? Educators who used this lesson also viewed:

Return to Lesson Plans

If you have problems viewing this page, please contact legislative.archives@nara.gov.

See the original post here:

Understanding Federalism | National Archives

Posted in Federalism | Comments Off on Understanding Federalism | National Archives

First Five Years of Federalism in Nepal – Myrepublica

Posted: at 10:10 am

The greatest achievement of federalism is peace. There is peace throughout the country. We can simply compare the situation of terror during the conflict period and the situation now. If there were no peace in the country, then perhaps nothing would make sense.

Nepal passed through an unprecedented period in its history for a decade due to the armed conflict initiated by the then CPN (Maoist). About 17,000 people were killed, thousands were injured and thousands others were displaced in the conflict that began in 1996. The rural areas were under effective control of the Maoist rebels for years while in the urban areas, ordinary people lived under terror as a result of the activities of the army, police and the rebels.

After the Maoists entered the peace process for a negotiated settlement, a fresh movement began in the Madhesh region, the countrys southern plains. Thousands of people of hilly origin were displaced from Madhesh. As the political leadership in the country reached political deals to address grudges and political aspirations of the people, Nepal witnessed unique political changes that only a few countries in the world have experienced. The country was transformed from a 240-year long monarchical system into a democratic republic and federalism was embraced renouncing the centuries-long unitary system in the country.

The state structure of the country has since undergone phenomenal changes as a result of federalism. The state power has been divided between the three levels of governments in the new federal system of governance. Seven provinces and 753 local governments have come into existence in the new set up. A section of people have raised questions about these newly-created structures in the federal set up. Why do we need seven provinces in a country with a small population and small geography? Why are there so many parliamentarians and ministers? These are some of the key questions raised by the people. We have not been able to adequately answer them. The first question has been raised while making reference to neighboring India. There are only 36 provinces in India even as the country has a population of about one and a half billion. Why do we need seven provinces even as we have less than 30 million population? As a neighboring country, it is natural to link the context of Nepal with India.

However, it is not entirely justifiable to look at the example of India alone. Let's also look at Switzerland, a country a little further away. Switzerland is the oldest federal country that was transformed from a unitary structure to a federal one in 1848. Its geography is a little larger than our Karnali province. The population is 8.7 million-- nearly one fourth of the total population of Nepal. However, there are 26 provinces/cantons. A question worth asking here is: why are 26 cantons/provinces needed in such a small country? The areas of the cantons vary from 37 km2 to 7,105 km2and the population ranges from 16,000 (AppenzellInnerrhoden) to 1.5 million ( Zrich). The area of Switzerland's largest province is about the same as our smallest province. Their most populous province is like our least populous province. However, the Swiss citizens do not complain that there are more provinces than needed. These facts confirm that geography and population do not play a significant role in determining the number of provinces.

As evident in Switzerland, the issue of federalism is, therefore, not the number of provinces, but the solution of political issues. What is then the rationale behind embracing federalism with provinces if the central government, local bodies and other structures that existed before the country adopted federalism failed to solve the problem. The number of provinces is a matter to be decided on the basis of justification and need of the country and political consensus. If there are any problems in the implementation of federalism and the operation of the provinces, it is necessary to find ways to improve and address them. But it is certainly not the time to look for alternatives.

Why do we need federalism?

Why did Nepal embrace federalism? Or, why did the countries that embraced the unitary system of governance transform into federations? This question is also linked with the basic question about federalism. In the 20th century, many unitary-based countries moved to federalism in an attempt to address internal strife and dissatisfaction. For instance, Spain has moved to a federal state structure to empower the autonomous regions. In the process of managing the decades-long armed conflicts, not only Ethiopia but also Sudan, Congo and Iraq adopted federalism. India, which was mostly integrated by the British, embraced a federal system of governance on the basis of social, cultural, linguistic and geographical factors. India initially had just 14 states, but this number has now reached 28 states and 8 union territories.

The United States of America embraced federalism in 1776 with the intention of allowing independent and sovereign states to conduct matters of common interest through mutual consent and agreement. The USA has a joint structure of independent states, especially with the aim of promoting trade and national security. The situation is similar in Switzerland. With the aim of preserving and promoting the autonomy and cultural diversity of its cantons, Switzerland entered into federalism in 1848. Germany also became a federal state in 1949 through independent decision-making by Landers and mutual agreement.

A fundamental aspect of federalism is the division of state power between the center and other federal units. In the federal system of government, the political, administrative, economic, judicial and other rights of the country are divided among federal units. According to the preamble of the Constitution of Nepal, federalism has been introduced to ensure economic equality and social justice by eliminating geographical, cultural, regional, class, ethnic, linguistic, religious, gender and other forms of ethnic untouchability and to build inclusive democracy through proportional, inclusive and participatory methods. Irrespective of their demographic and geographic size and economic status, a total of 29 out of nearly 200 countries in the world, including Nepal, have embraced the federal system of governance.

Achievements of federalism in Nepal

There have been some tangible achievements since the country embraced federalism. The sub-national governments (Province and Local) have come into existence. Despite adverse circumstances followed by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the sub-national governments have made some noticeable achievements. Provincial and local governments have been closer to people in terms of addressing their needs. With the institutionalization of the Federal Democratic Republic system, sovereignty of the people has been exercised by the elected representatives. The provision of the proportional representation electoral system enshrined in the federal constitution has paved the way for increasing the representation of women in all sets of governance systems. As per the Inter-parliamentary Union, an organization representing parliaments from around the world, womens representation in the parliament of India, China and the US is 15 %, 25 % and 28 % respectively. In Nepal, it is 34%. Women's representation in Nepal's parliament is more than double that of India. At the local level, women's representation is 41 percent. The institutional set up of the previous governance system has been changed. More than half of the civil servants have been adjusted at the sub-national levels.

Most of the development offices centered in the district headquarters have reached the local level. There are some ministries, departments and institutions centered at the federal level. Institutional restructuring and staff adjustment have already taken place. High-ranking civil servants rarely work in the far-flung areas of the country. But now they are compelled to move to the subnational levels. Going down by high-ranking employees also means taking the services to the doorsteps of the people. We should not forget the fact that local level elections, which could not be held for 20 years, were made possible only after the federal set up.

Prior to the federal structure in Nepal, the internal revenue of all local bodies was less than Rs 10 billion. At present, the local level has reached the position of mobilizing internal revenue of about Rs 40 billion. The local levels, which could hardly make a budget of Rs 3 million, are now in a position to make a budget of over Rs 1 billion. Increasing the size of internal resources and budget also means a qualitative leap in development and service delivery. The resources of the centralized state have become constitutionally decentralized due to federalism.

Federalism has also helped people to become more self-reliant. Before federalism, citizens had to go to the district headquarters and the capital city to receive various services provided by the state. Currently, about 70 percent of the tasks are done at the local level. In addition to this, citizens are able to receive services from the local governments. Accountability towards citizens has increased. The powers and rights seekers in the past are now in a position to give rights to others. Those who knocked at the doors of the National Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance for resources are now in a position to distribute resources by themselves.

During the conflict period, most people in the rural areas left their homes. Thousands of civilians were displaced even during the Madhesh movement. However, with the implementation of the federal system of governance, peace has returned to the country. The problems of the citizens are now shifting to the sub-national governments level. Before federalism, the central government had to deal with the small problems of grassroots people. Probably, if there was no change in the country, the local levels would still be without the people's representatives.

Federalism should not be viewed in absolute terms. Before federalism, there was a predominance of certain castes, communities in the state-running mechanism. It has improved since the implementation of federalism. In addition to this, at present there is competition among the subnational governments in the areas of development and construction and service delivery. The powers of the central level have reached the subnational level. The service centers have reached close to the people. How much did it cost to reach the district headquarters and the capital city from the remote villages and how much does it cost now? Let's calculate the cost of federalism along with the service flow from the center to the bottom level.

The greatest achievement of federalism is peace. There is peace throughout the country. We can simply compare the situation of terror during the conflict period and the situation now. Even the people of the capital city did not sleep well. Let's compare peace with the cost of federalism. No matter which policy system we adopt, its main goal is development, prosperity and good governance. Even more important is peace. If there were no peace in the country, then perhaps nothing would make sense. We should now focus on making the system less expensive and more flexible. Due to federalism, stability and peace has been established in the country. For those who understand, federalism is a piece of cake, while for those who do not, it is a burden.

Room for reforms

If all three levels of government work within the limits set by the constitution, there is no need to worry about cost management. The federal government must abandon the centralized mindset. There is no need to have a bigger institutional structure at the center. The countrys police organization has not been adjusted according to the federal set up yet and this delay will hold the provinces back. They will also keep the police in their own strength to fulfill their constitutional responsibilities. In order to minimize the cost to sustain the federal system of governance, half of the existing manpower of Nepal Police and Armed Police Force must be transferred to the provinces. More than half the functions are gone down, why do we need larger sets of civil servants and other human manpower at the center?

Another important thing that needs immediate intervention is improving the federal system of governance by reducing the number of ministers in the provinces. The number of ministers should be limited to 10 percent of the Provincial Assembly members. For this, an amendment to the constitution is necessary. Similarly, problems have arisen even in the absence of a Civil Service Act, due to which the complexity of staff management at the sub-national government level has surfaced. This has disrupted the service flow of these entities. There are rumors that the government is going to bring an ordinance in this regard, but the ordinance should be brought keeping in view the interest of the citizens rather than the interest of the employees. Despite the aspirations of the people for peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the new system, the work has not been done accordingly. The pace of law making is equally slow.

It is natural for citizens to expect a lot from federalism. However, due to the abrupt dissolution of the House of Representatives twice in the last three and a half years, some major problems have also arisen in the implementation of federalism. Even after the restoration of the House of Representatives, parliament has not been functioning properly. The main opposition has been obstructing parliament for more than six months. The changes seen in the political scenarios of the provinces have also adversely affected the functioning of federalism. It is necessary for parliament to be active for the consolidation of federalism. If parliament becomes functional, a number of processes including law-making can be expected to gain momentum.

Nepal's federalism is based on the principles of coordination and cooperation, which, if assimilated, will help in its strengthening. There are various methods of empowerment. The most appropriate tool is the activation of inter-province councils including the Provincial Coordination Council, Sectoral Thematic Committee, etc. The constitution provides subnational level functional responsibilities to the subnational government but the hands and feet of these governments are still tied. In Canada, even though the local level is under the province, all works related to local service delivery and infrastructure development are carried out by the local level. In Germany, 92 percent of university functions are carried out by Province/Lander. In Nepal, the province has the right to higher education and provincial universities. Ironically, the federal government continues to open universities even five years after the implementation of federalism in the country.

In Switzerland, there is a practice of involving provinces/cantons in discussions and decisions on foreign policy. In our case, even while deciding issues that will seriously affect the provincial level, there is not even general discussion. For example, while deciding on the issue of 'Kaligandaki Diversion Canal', the then Oli-led government did not even hold discussion with the Gandaki Province. None of the province governments were informed about the decision regarding the extraction of stone, sand and ballast. Then Prime Minister Oli had inaugurated 240 local roads that apparently fall under the jurisdiction of the sub-national governments. This makes the problem of coordination evident in the implementation of federalism in Nepal.

All these things clearly demonstrate that the federal government is not positive and honest about the implementation of federalism. The rights delegated by the constitution to sub-national governments have not been implemented honestly. In this context, a resolution proposal has been registered in the National Assembly for the implementation of federalism. However, the resolution has yet to be deliberated due to continuous obstruction in parliament by the main opposition party. This must be discussed in the next session of parliament. If it is passed and implemented, there will be a big change in the implementation of federalism.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, no system of governance has positive aspects only. Problems arise when political leaders are not honest and fail to demonstrate professional integrity. It is unfortunate that a situation has arisen in which our federal system of governance has been called into question in a short period of time mainly due to the 'bad' leaders of political parties. There is plenty of room for improvement. We have experienced a varied system of governance including Rana rule, autocratic monarchy and constitutional monarchy. Nepal is making an experiment of federalism after passing through all these kinds of governance.

There is no denying that federalism has not yielded the expected results due to the lack of good guardianship. In the areas of staff management, law and institutional structure building, capacity building, fiscal transfers in a proper way , etc. should be carried out in a coordinated manner. We no longer have the option of strengthening and consolidating federalism by tackling all sorts of problems. If there is only strong intergovernmental relations, effective fiscal federalism, successful administrative federalism, activism in law making and promptness in service delivery, then there will be no major problem in the implementation of federalism. If the organs of the state related to these subject areas become sensitive, the common citizen will feel the change, and will help to resolve or minimize contradictions related to federalism.

In order to ensure the success of federalism, the federal government should not be stingy in fulfilling the guardianship seen at the sub-national levels. The sub-national levels also need to pay sincere attention to the implementation of federalism. There is no need to panic or feel frustrated in the implementation of federalism even as there are some ups and downs. Things could change a lot if political parties turned honest enough in the implementation of federalism.

(The author, an expert in federalism, is a member of the National Assembly.)

Read more:

First Five Years of Federalism in Nepal - Myrepublica

Posted in Federalism | Comments Off on First Five Years of Federalism in Nepal – Myrepublica

What Is Left Of Being Human? On the Anthropology of Trans- and Posthumanism – Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

Posted: at 10:09 am

July 13 @ 8:00 am - July 14 @ 5:00 pm

An International and Interdisciplinary ConferenceJuly, 13/14th 2022Groer Senat, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, Tbingen

We are interested in the intellectual mindset of todays post-human cyberculture which concerns the human being, society, technology and politics. Historically, the rise of this way of thinking is rooted in the emerging technological hub of Silicon Valley with its spread of disruptive technologies in the beginning of the 21st century. Since then, this Silicon Valley metaphysics also unfolded outside the Californian hi-tech industries and gained adherents all over the world.

For our conference What is left of being human? On the Anthropology of Trans- and Posthumanism we are interested in the co-evolution of human and technological development which is one central pillar of the post-human cyberculture. In this regard, we posit the presence of the following three conceptual aspects: There is firstly a libertarian individualism which stresses self-ownership and the exclusive control of ones choices, actions, and body, indedependent of societal contexts. There is secondly a technological optimism suggesting that all human deficiencies can be overcome by continual technical innovations. The justification for this technological optimism is eventually grounded in an utopian pragmatism: Tecnological growth will allow the removal of the diagnosed deficiencies and human fallibility all together.

For all of these three aspects trans- and posthumanist thinking plays an integral role. In this conference we invite both proponents and critics of trans- and posthumanism. Together we aim to unveil its (metaphysical) assumptions and want to shed light on the transhumanist idea of human being from a scientific, philosophical and religious point of view.

Read this article:

What Is Left Of Being Human? On the Anthropology of Trans- and Posthumanism - Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

Posted in Posthumanism | Comments Off on What Is Left Of Being Human? On the Anthropology of Trans- and Posthumanism – Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

‘The Milk of Dreams’ Tests a Theory of the Posthuman – frieze.com

Posted: at 10:09 am

The Milk of Dreams at the Arsenale opens with Simone Leighs huge bronze bust of a womans head and torso, Brick House (2019) a work that, shown alongside enigmatic figurative paintings by the Cuban printmaker Belkis Ayn, announces this exhibitions emphasis on painting and sculpture, as well as its thematic love of the mythic, the monumental and the mysterious. The Milk of Dreams boasting more than 200 artists from 58 countries, the majority of whom are female or gender non-conforming derives its title from a short story by Leonora Carrington, whose surreal paintings of dreamy interiors and ecstatic landscapes are also included here and serve as a sort of precis. In her curatorial statement, artistic director Cecilia Alemani claims that many artists are imagining a posthuman condition that challenges the modern Western vision of the human being especially the presumed universal ideal of the white, male Man of Reason as fixed centre of the universe and measure of all things. Thankfully, many of the works slip out from the confines of the shows somewhat academic remit, offering a nuanced perspective that, at times, transfixed me.

Ali Cherri,Titans, 2022, installation view, 59th International Art Exhibition La Biennale di Venezia, The Milk of Dreams. Courtesy: the artist; photograph:Vincenzo PINTO / AFP via Getty Images

Combining the animal and the human, Ali Cherris Titans (2022) three figurative sculptures made of mud and based on Assyrian Lamassu and other ancient gods is a particularly strong evocation of the biennials theme of the earthy surreal. They appear adjacent to Cherris three-channel film Of Men and Gods and Mud (2022), which lyrically considers our lives in relation to water, mud and stars. At one point, a voiceover in the film announces: If the gods made us in their own image, then the gods, too, must have been made of mud. The image of interspecies life fashioned byTitans suggests that our own bodies are more entangled with the natural world than they might seem. Wall text relates the work to Donna Haraways notion of slime from When Species Meet (2007), which she defines as a substance that lubricate[s] passages for living beings and their parts. While the artist has quoted this text before in relation to his work Where do Birds go to Hide (2018), I was not entirely convinced of its inclusion here as a description of Titans. Mud is durable yet vulnerable; slime is often alive, creeping, a goo of microscopic life when it is offered a humid corner of the planet. But to an extent, the ideas that govern The Milk of Dreams seem to lead the selection, organization and explanation of many of the artists to mixed results. Often, the works are more generous and arresting than the language used to box them in.

Emma Talbot,Where Do We Come From? Who Are We? Where Are We Going?, 2021, acrylic on silk, detail view. Courtesy: the artist, La Biennale di Venezia and Petra Rinck Galerie; photograph: the artist

On leaving the small, dark room screening Cherris film, Igshaan Adamss enormous tapestry of painted wood, plastic, bone, beads and more Bonteheuwel / Epping (2021) greets you. The work is inspired by the desire lines, or unplanned paths, created by the foot-traffic among communities Apartheid South Africa wished to keep apart. It is a gorgeous counterpoint to Cherris sculpture while drawing from a similar poetics of shaped earth. There are numerous physically imposing works in the show and, unlike in many past biennials, here they are given room to breathe. Delicate, subtle installations by Emma Talbot Where Do We Come From? Who Are We? Where Are We Going? (2021) and Kapwani Kiwanga Terrarium (2022) are not stuffed into corners, as might be expected in a show with such large painting and sculpture; they occupy significant parts of the Arsenale, provocatively interrupting the flow of largely wall-based works.

Gabriel Chaile, installation view, 59th International Art Exhibition La Biennale di Venezia, The Milk of Dreams. Courtesy: the artist, La Biennale di Venezia, Barro Gallery, Buenos Aires, ChertLudde, Berlin and Ammodo; photograph: Roberto Marossi

A sequence of Jamian Juliano-Villanis paintings appears toward the end of the Arsenale, a curious albeit welcome inclusion in an otherwise fairly staid show. They are funny, weird, crass. A goat in Ugg boots stands in a pink, chequered room appended with advertisements for beer and bars in Lets Kill Nicole (2019). A blurred traffic light reads shut up in Shut Up, the Painting (2018). They are perhaps the most graphically dynamic paintings in the show, which tends otherwise toward the austere, sombre and subtle. But I loved the moments of levity Juliano-Villani afforded. Louise Bonnets Pisser Triptych (202122) is another instance of comic brilliance, though yet again you are failed by the wall texts mouthful of artspeak. Three nude female figures huge, shapely, redolent of futurist sculpture urinate great golden streams of piss: one flows behind a figures back, another sprays from a vagina like a spotlight, and yet another arcs upward in conical shape. Its a fucking weird painting, which is why I liked it so much. Yet, without a touch of irony or humour, we are told the work references humans cycles of consumption and excretion taking up and transforming raw materials, only to ceaselessly spit out waste on the other side. There must be precious few instances outside biology or anthropology where pissing has been so studiously described. And the dripping, leaking, body-horror sculpture of Mire Lee Endless House: Holes and Drips (2022) is almost a send-up of the seriousness of the terminology deployed throughout the show. A work described as suggesting the tension of states of aliveness is more of a Cronenbergian torture chamber of squirming, rib-cage-like body parts, all of them oozing and leaking on an elevated platform. Paul Thek would have marvelled. I found it a bit hilarious, actually.

Simone Leigh, Brick House , 2019, installation view. Courtesy: the artist and the High Line Plinth; photograph:Timothy Schenck

I raise the issue of the wall text so often because it suggests a central problem with an otherwise free-flowing, surprising installation: the ideas that ostensibly inform The Milk of Dreams posthumanism, cybernetics, etc. lag the work included in the show. In a room titled The Seduction of the Cyborg, for instance, we are told what a cyborg is (a human that has become integrated with an artificial technology), with a requisite citation from Haraway, and that this idea of a technological or prosthetic mediation has been of interest to artists throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Certainly. But the actual work included by Regina Cassolo Bracchi, Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, Rebecca Horn, Kiki Kogelnik and Louise Nevelson, to name a few rarely seems so compelled by the terms used to bring it together. Instead, we glimpse the playful erotics of puppetry and surrogacy, from the Weimar-era costumes of Lavinia Schulz and Walter Holdt to Anu Pders mannequins. Lost in the slick, academic notion of the cyborg (at least as it is presented here) is the coarse and expressive humanity of these works, the obvious handiwork that constructed the hats and prosthetics and costumes, the folkloric influences of what might be identified as a Dionysian element of modernism.

Louise Bonnet, Pisser Triptych, 202122, oil on linen, triptych dimensions variable. Courtesy: the artist and La Biennale di Venezia, with the additional support of Gagosian; photograph: Roberto Marossi

But it isnt all about the human and post-human, of course. Many of the artists here situate nature and the animal at the centre of their work. From Gabriel Chailes creaturely evocation of family membersto Jessie Homer Frenchs maimed landscapes (Burning, 2020) to Precious Okoyomons weedy garden (To See the Earth Before the End of the World, 2022), the non-human, or the not-quite-human, threads throughout The Milk of Dreams. Sometimes, these moments are appropriately inexplicable and surreal, as in Raphaela Vogels diagrammatic sculpture of a cock being led by a troop of giraffes (Ability and Necessity, 2022) a truly weird piece that lives up to the spectre of Carrington hovering over the Biennale. I was also moved by a small, subtle, two-channel film installation by the Norwegian artist Liv Bugge. Shot on 16mm, Play (2019) shows huskies romping in the snow. They nibble and paw one another, roll over, cuddle. It is a scene at once common (go to the lawns of the Giardini, if you dont have a puppy of your own) and completely mesmerizing. Animals at play with one another, unbothered by the human or the posthuman or the cyborg at the door.

For additional coverage of the 59th Venice Biennale, seehere.

Main image:Raphaela Vogel, Knnen und Mssen (Ability and Necessity), 2022, polyurethane elastomer, steel, brass, anatomical model and cart, 2.2 1.4 10.3 m. Courtesy: the artist and MEYER*KAINER, Vienna

Here is the original post:

'The Milk of Dreams' Tests a Theory of the Posthuman - frieze.com

Posted in Posthumanism | Comments Off on ‘The Milk of Dreams’ Tests a Theory of the Posthuman – frieze.com

Legit Online Casino Singapore | Trusted Online Gambling …

Posted: at 10:08 am

Are you a punter looking for the best casino in Singapore? Well, then you have reached the right destination. With plenty of features and unbinding benefits, EUBET online casino Singapore is on the verge of explosion. We are going to explode with the increasing number of players and the flattering appreciation knocking on their doors. The games, variations, bets, and of course the winnings make us among the popular online betting sites.

Before beginning your gambling adventure, you must want to know about the legality of online betting Singapore. Well, to your utter disappointment, online gambling is not legal in Singapore. However, that doesn't mean you can't play and enjoy the amazing fun of online casino Singapore. You can have excitement with Singapore online betting through offshore casinos. EUBET brings you licensed gaming services from a variety of reputed providers thus enables online gambling at its utmost ease and convenience.

You can anytime engage with the leading online casino platform in Singapore just like EUBET and access our amazing products to have a seamless gaming experience. We are a real money casino that comes with product options varied in an extensive range. EUBET is licensed by PAGCOR, Gaming Curacao as well as other reputable organizations, hence you can rest assured that we will ensure your gambling experience with us safe and secured.

People are usually amused by the level of craze among Singaporeans about online gambling despite having such stringent laws. Well, the actual fun is in breaking the rules, isn't it? Other than that exclusive kick, players also enjoy online gambling Singapore due to its amazing convenience and comfort. With limited options for land-based casinos, Singaporean punters look for diversification on Singapore casino online.

The online casinos offered at EUBET, the best casino provider in Singapore are equipped with the latest technologies that allow them to offer the best experience. So, wouldn't you want to place your stakes on entertainment and excitement? Well, that's the key behind the popularity of casino online in Singapore.

As a beginner, you must be thinking about playing so many games at Singapore online betting. There are a wide variety of options like soccer betting, table games, slots, and whatnot. EUBET helps you gain access to the amazing casino and sportsbook betting provided and developed by some of the leading gaming developers in the industry.

Our live casinos, slot games, and other options are offered and created by renowned providers in the industry like Evolution Gaming, Pragmatic Play, and Dream Gaming. All three of them are highly recognized and offer an uninterrupted as well as a fully engaging gaming experience to all players. We bring you to live casino from Evolution Gaming and Dream Gaming while our slots are backed by Pragmatic Play. Although, we bring you Live Casino options from Pragmatic Play as well.

These are the top providers of online betting Singapore with appropriate licensing from top authorities like Malta Gaming Authority and UKGC. That means they are certainly reliable and secure. EUBET brings you to live casino and slots through these providers in order to make your online betting experience highly enjoyable.

Playing at an online casino Singapore is always risky; however, if you have a provider like EUBET, the worries are no longer surrounding you. EUBET brings you a highly secure platform for your live casino gaming. You don't have to worry about any threat to your personal information or credentials. We make conscious efforts to safeguard your interests while extending an amazing online gambling adventure.

Despite working with some of the best live casino providers like Evolution Gaming, Pragmatic Play, and Dream Gaming, we are legalized operated that allowing us to ensure a secure online betting Singapore experience. Our online betting providers are also licensed and have integrated the best security measures to ensure integrity. We have the encryption technology which makes our live casino absolutely secure.

EUBET brings you a package of thrill and amazement. The sportsbook addition at EUBET through providers like CMD368 and S-Sports makes your overall Singapore online gambling experience fun and interesting. The thoughtful user interface development of the website and quick access to the leading sports events of the world make it certainly amusing. You can make your selection from extensive games like football, basketball, tennis and many more.

The world's top football leagues are at your disposal with EUBET's Singapore online gambling sportsbook feature. Make bets on UEFA, Premier League, and many more.

However, one should always remember such online gambling can be arousing, so better to set limits in order to prevent major losses. Sportsbook addition at EUBET waits for some exquisite adventure.

Slot online has been a hit since it emerged in the market. Not just in online casino Singapore, but around the world, slots have been a major attraction to the players. EUBET offers you slots games from a variety of slot providers across the world. Some of its latest editions are from Pragmatic Play and Spadegaming.

Online casino Singapore has always been famous for exclusive slots and with a combination of such interesting providers, you can dive into some of the finest and most diverse slot themes. Though slot games are famous for their simplicity, the exclusive RTP (Return to Player) also makes them lucrative. Make your free spins today while enjoying those funny yet inspiring slots of us at EUBET.

EUBET online betting Singapore brings you a new variety of casino gaming with our fishing variants. We bring you exclusive fishing games from the leading providers like Spadegaming and SimplePlay. Fishing games are highly popular nowadays and are definitely be able to offer you an adventurous gambling experience.

Set on the venture to find the valuable chests and treasures in the exotic settings of the marine world with EUBET. The bonuses and a variety of diverse features make them highly interesting and relaxing. Angry on your boss? Set loose into the fishing war and slay the battlefield.

EUBET allows you to play online casino games from anywhere on your desktops like laptops and PCs or mobile devices like smartphones. We provide you with a responsive platform that is adjustable to the graphical design of our website according to each device. With similar ease of operation, your gameplay at this Singapore online casino is going to be seamless.

Also, you can connect our website to install apps for different operating systems like Apple and Android. EUBET has dedicated apps and website that makes your betting experience convenient and intuitive. All in all, our platform is accessible through a variety of devices and operating systems.

EUBET brings you casino gaming with some of the best promotional offers. There are welcome bonuses, in-game promotions, and a lot more. Placing your bets at EUBET aids your Singapore online betting with some valuable bonuses and rebates. Our online casino providers equip you with the latest promotional offers to make your gaming adventure even more enjoyable.

EUBET offers Singapore online casino free credit as well as free online casino games to help you start your online gambling venture without any hesitation. Just check it out on the various exclusive promotions of us today!

Good customer care service is significant to make your gambling experience memorable. EUBET has 24/7 customer support that can be easily connected through chat, WhatsApp, email, and call mediums. The experts on the other end are well-informed and certainly groomed to resolve any type of query related to Singapore online gambling at EUBET.

Whether you are having technical difficulties or payment-related concerns, EUBET is ready to resolve your queries at hand. Feel free to connect with our social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube for updates.

Playing at an online casino is certainly beneficial and satisfying. All you need to do is choose the right operator like EUBET and make your Singapore online gambling a secure one.

Join now by registering an account with us or logging in to start betting online! Contact us if you have any inquiries.

See the original post:

Legit Online Casino Singapore | Trusted Online Gambling ...

Posted in Online Gambling | Comments Off on Legit Online Casino Singapore | Trusted Online Gambling …

Beto Gives Texas Online Gambling Proponents Hope – OnlinePokerReport.com

Posted: at 10:08 am

Shutterstock/Vic Hinterlang

Texas is not a gambling-friendly state at the moment. That could start to change, however, if Democratic gubernatorial candidate Beto ORourke puts into action what he said on Wednesday. ORourke claims that if hes elected on Nov. 8, hes inclined to support both legal casino gambling and sports betting in the state of Texas.

As far as casinos go, hes probably talking about retail gambling for now. However, that would be a necessary first step towards eventually having an online option.

ORourke said residents are already traveling to engage in both retail and online gambling outside of the state.

During a press conference, he spoke about the obvious benefit to legalization:

We would be able to bring in billions of dollars more.

To the east and west, Texas is surrounded by legal sports betting states. Only its northern neighbor, Oklahoma, lacks legal sportsbooks. That said, New Mexico doesnt have online sports betting and isnt likely to add it any time soon, according to Online Poker Reports sister site, Legal Sports Report.

Hypothetically, if Texas does eventually legalize all forms of online gambling, it would be a big prize. Its 30 million residents would nearly equal the populations of the top three US online casino states.

Michigan, New Jersey and Pennsylvania contain nearly 32 million people put together. Last year, each one of those states generated more than $1 billion in iGaming revenue.

Though ORourke seems to be leaning in that direction, dont count on it happening too soon.

If online sports betting becomes a reality in the second-most populous American state, it likely wont happen until next year. Retail casino construction would likely take years. Getting those forms of gambling underway would set the stage for online casinos, but that would take several more years, at least.

Here are the reasons for that.

US online casinos have a strong toehold in the eastern part of the country, with six states live:

However, legal online sportsbooks far outnumber and generally predate online casinos. Right now,19 states and the District of Columbia are home to legal online sportsbooks.

The most recent online sports betting launches were:

New York is an example of how sports betting can kickstart the conversation about online casinos. Empire State legislators made an effort to legalize iGaming this year, though those bills never reached a vote.

That lag generally happens because lawmakers tend to have more reservations about online casino gambling than sports betting. One concern they have is that they consider online casino wagering Big G gambling, which they believe requires study before legalization. They and their constituents suffer from the widespread misconception that sports betting is relatively safer.

Another big and possibly unfounded concern is that retail casinos may suffer if they legalize iGaming.

For instance in Illinois, where online sportsbooks launched in March 2020, an iGaming bill flopped during 2021.

That happened after a lawmaker voiced exactly that concern in April 2021. Rep. Bob Rita asked during the Illinois House Executive Committee if online casinos would cannibalize retail casino revenue. The committee chairman was listening to testimony about the Internet Gaming Act (IGA), which hed sponsored.

IGA didnt pass last year, to online gambling advocates chagrin. It has now been more than two years since Illinois legalized online sports betting and the state doesnt have legal online casinos.

Sports betting might get the conversation started, but so far most online casino success stories have gone the omnibus route, instead.

The most recent states to legalize and launch online casinos did so as part of package deals with online sports betting:

Along those lines, Kentucky Senators didnt bring HB 606 up for a vote on March 30. The measure wouldve legalizedonline poker and sports betting, though not casino gaming. However, the bill failed to reach the finish line on the last day of the Kentucky General Assembly session.

A common belief about online gambling is that it wont be legalized if retail gambling isnt there first.

So far, it has been true that if a state doesnt have land-based casinos, lawmakers wont even consider the online version.

There is one notable exception when it comes to sports betting: Tennessee.

Online sportsbooks launched in the Volunteer State in November 2020. However, even now, Tennesseans have to travel out of state to visit commercial or tribal casinos.

Kentucky also lacks land-based casinos, and attempted to follow in Tennessees footsteps, but failed.

Texas has no commercial casinos and only one full-size tribal casino, which is only a Class II gaming facility. That means it can offer slots-like bingo machines, but not true slots or table games.

Kickapoo Lucky Eagle Casino Hotel is in Eagle Pass, a small town near the Mexican border. At that point, Texans may consider crossing the border, as both retail casinos and online gaming are legal there.

Meanwhile, the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo tribal entity of El Paso presented an argument in February to the US Supreme Court in order to start offering electronic bingo, as well.

ORourkes exact wording leaves things ambiguous. Whatever his intent, it seems unlikely that a conservative state like Texas would go from virtually no gambling to full-package online gambling in a single step.

However, just about every publication reporting on his statement ends up discussing online gambling, as well as retail casinos.

Perhaps ORourke meant both.

Its hard to know, because the gubernatorial candidate only spoke about gambling for 30 seconds out of more than 40 spent discussing Texas property taxes:

If we were to make legal casino gambling and sports betting in the state of Texas, which as you all know many Texans engage in now, its only that those revenues go to other states and to other state governments, we would be able to bring in billions of dollars more.

And from listening to Texans across the state, one, its a very popular proposal. And two, I think it would also help us to address some of the challenges that we have in reducing inflation and property taxes in the state of Texas. So I think that warrants a very close look and its something that Im inclined to support.

On his gubernatorial campaign site, the former congressman and presidential candidate blames incumbent Gov. Greg Abbott for property taxes increasing $20 billion since he took office. Abbott first entered office in 2014 and, if reelected, this will be his third term.

A poll of Texas voters in March found Abbott in the lead at 42% and ORourke narrowly behind, at 40%. The Lyceum survey has an error rate of plus or minus 2.83%, so a win may be well within reach.

In Texas, even 30 seconds of discussion about gambling gets noticed.

ORourke was already on record as advocating expanding Medicaid and legalizing marijuana in order to generate enough state tax revenue to accommodate lowering property tax rates. He mentioned gambling expansion as another possible method.

The press conference about lowering property taxes features ORourke and elected leaders standing on a lawn in Dallas County, across from what appear to be single-family homes. Amid wind and traffic noises, ORourke talked about how he would ensure Texans could remain in their homes, despite rising property tax rates.

About halfway through, he mentioned wagering.

As of yesterday, ORourkes video that was largely about what he termed the property tax crisis had 968 reactions, 509 comments and 6,800 views.

Its hard to tell if his talk about gambling within that video is whats garnering the attention.

Because an April 20 tweet by the Houston Chronicle linking to its gated article, Beto ORourke Calls For Legalizing Casino Gambling, Sports Betting In Texas, had520 retweets, 81 quote tweets and 2,318 likes as of last night.

For context, ORourkes most popular Facebook video is a San Antonio rally on Friday. The recording has 1,300 reactions, 649 comments and 10,000 views.

LSR notes that in order to legalize online gambling, Texas will also have to amend its constitution.

So just about every effort to expand gambling in Texas stops at the door of reluctant lawmakers.

The Texas Tribune explains one retail casino expansion effort in an article published on June 16, 2021:

Las Vegas Sands ended up spending as much as $6.3 million on lobbying at the Capitol, according to state records, plus what the company pegged as at least $2 million on a statewide ad campaign. It is likely that the companys total spending topped $10 million, given the number of weeks that the company stayed on the air in the states most expensive media markets.

Whats more, theLonghorn Statesefforts will be hampered by its unusually short legislative sessions.

The Texas Legislature meets for 140 days, and only during odd-numbered years. Thats an even shorter calendar than the one for the Indiana General Assembly, which saw online gambling bills die in committee onJan. 25.

That makes it the state with the 14th-shortestsessions. For comparison, the Utah State Legislature comes in dead last, meeting just 45 days a year. (See chart below).

Indiana lawmakers rank four spots higher than Texas, because lawmakers meet for four months per odd-numbered year and 2.5 months on even-numbered years, like 2022.

Meanwhile, Hoosiers have been able to bet online on sports sinceOctober 2019.

Short legislative sessions have a way of killing online gambling bills, at least the more ambitious ones. Except for West Virginia, all states with full online gambling are among the ones with longer sessions. When it comes to sports betting, the shorter a states sessions, the more likely it is to be retail-only, if it has legalized it at all.

So even if ORourkes victory comes to pass and he pushes for legalization, Texas could still be many years away from launching iGaming. However, it even being a possibility is a change from the current situation in which its not even on the radar.

Data: Legiscan / Graph: Online Poker Report

Continued here:

Beto Gives Texas Online Gambling Proponents Hope - OnlinePokerReport.com

Posted in Online Gambling | Comments Off on Beto Gives Texas Online Gambling Proponents Hope – OnlinePokerReport.com

Online Casino and Sports in Ireland – SportsNewsIreland SportsNewsIreland Live Scores – SportsNewsIRELAND

Posted: at 10:08 am

3,014total views, 2views today

When you sit for online gambling, you get to see all the games that are offered at the real casino with a few extra variations and options on offer. You would love to find the wondrous range of games with the typical features and traits on offer. Online, the site owners keep on adding new games constantly. Once you start playing the games online, it becomes a part of the regular fun and practice. Online you have the chance to try out new and exciting games each day. You can sit at home, play games, and enjoy the essence of gambling.

Online Slot Casino Option

At theOnline Casino, you have plenty of options open before you. You have the casino slots online, and you have the digital versions of the slot machines to try and enjoy at the same time and feel the elation. When you are playing slots, you can place the bet in style, and when you play, the reels will start spinning. The reel will stop at the specific combination of the symbols, and the game comes with the right payout percentage. When you are playing slot online, you can use the random number generator. This implies that once the reel stops, the right symbol will appear based on the various gaming chances.

Dealing with the Progressive Jackpot

The online gambling site will offer you the option of a progressive jackpot slot, and it works on a similar phenomenon, just like the rest of the slotting options. When you bet in the game, the jackpot starts growing with the regular deposition, and there comes a time when the fat amount is paid to the lucky winner at the end of the gaming session. Most of the jackpot slot options are linked to some other casinos, and all the players together can contribute to the plausible jackpot.

Dealing with the Roulette Platform

Once you check with the internet platform, you can deal with the roulette table, and it works in the same way, just like the online slot machines. In the game, you place the bet and spin the roulette wheel, and if the ball lands on the number that you have selected, you are sure to have the right win at the end of the game. Online you have a variety of online roulette games to try. You can choose to play the speed roulette that works faster and pays out quicker.

Gaming Option of Online Blackjack

As part of online casino gaming, you can sit to play the online blackjack game with the greatest potential and winning possibilities. Within a short period, you can have the right possibilities of slotting enjoyment with all the relevant winning factors on offer. Here you have the game of scratch card. However, you dont need to scratch the card. You just have to swipe the screen and find out whether you have matched the right symbols for winning. You can use both the tablet and the phone to play the game and the fun involved is all pure and perfect in offer.

More here:

Online Casino and Sports in Ireland - SportsNewsIreland SportsNewsIreland Live Scores - SportsNewsIRELAND

Posted in Online Gambling | Comments Off on Online Casino and Sports in Ireland – SportsNewsIreland SportsNewsIreland Live Scores – SportsNewsIRELAND

The Rise In Online Gambling During The COVID-19 Pandemic – About Manchester

Posted: at 10:07 am

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant rise in online gambling. This is due to the fact that many people are now stuck at home with nothing to do. As a result, they are turning to online gambling to pass the time and potentially make some money.

Many peoples screen time skyrocketed when COVID-19 lockdowns were implemented worldwide. Swiping away the long hours may alleviate some boredom and stress of being stuck at home. Still, it also increases exposure to extensively promoted products and services, such as online gaming.

There are several reasons why online gambling became so popular during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As lockdown measures have been put in place worldwide, people have found themselves with a lot of extra time on their hands. Many people are looking for ways to pass the time and relieve boredom. Online gambling is a perfect way to do this.

Moreover, players are looking for reputable and safe sites where they can gamble. With Ukonlinecasinoguide, you can be sure that you are playing on a safe and reputable site.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many people losing their jobs or reducing their hours. As a result, people are looking for ways to make extra money. Online gambling provides an opportunity to do this. Of course, it is important to gamble responsibly and not to bet more than you can afford to lose.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many people feeling isolated and lonely. Online gambling provides a way to socialize and interact with other people, even if you are not physically in the same place. Most online casinos have chat rooms where you can interact with other players.

One of the reasons internet gambling has become so widespread is the variety of games it offers. There are many games to choose from, so there is something for everyone.

Some of the most popular online gambling games include:

Another reason why online gambling has become so famous is the bonuses and promotions that are on offer. Many online casinos offer sign-up bonuses, giving you extra money to gamble with. They also offer promotions, which can be very lucrative.

Before claiming a bonus or promotion, review the terms and conditions. This is because there may be wagering requirements that you need to meet before you can withdraw any winnings.

Another reason online gambling has become so popular is that it is very convenient. You can gamble from the comfort of your own home, and you dont need to travel anywhere. All you need is a computer or a mobile device and an internet connection. You can also gamble at any time of day or night. There are no opening hours like there are with land-based casinos.

Finally, online gambling is popular because it is entertaining. There is a wide range of games to choose from, so you can always find something you enjoy playing. Many people also enjoy the social aspect of online gambling.

If you are looking for a way to pass the time or make some extra money, then online gambling could be for you. There are many reasons why online gambling has become so popular, including that it is convenient and there is a wide variety of games to choose from.

While online gambling can be a fun and exciting way to pass the time, some risks are involved.

It is important to remember that gambling is a form of entertainment and should not be seen as a way to make money. It is also important to gamble responsibly and not bet more than you can afford to lose.

Some of the other risks associated with online gambling include:

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in people gambling online. This trend will likely continue in the future as more people are forced to stay at home.

Many operators are now offering their services online. This means that there is a lot of competition in the market, which is good news for players.

Operators are also offering more generous bonuses and promotions to attract new customers. Therefore, if you are thinking about gambling online, now is a good time to do it.

However, it is important to remember to gamble responsibly and only bet what you can afford to lose.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant rise in online gambling. Many people are now stuck at home with nothing to do. As a result, they are turning to online gambling to pass the time and potentially make some money. While there are some risks involved with online gambling, it can be entertaining.

The rest is here:

The Rise In Online Gambling During The COVID-19 Pandemic - About Manchester

Posted in Online Gambling | Comments Off on The Rise In Online Gambling During The COVID-19 Pandemic – About Manchester

PayPal Is Growing Its Audience Through Adoption In The Online Casino Market – GISuser.com

Posted: at 10:07 am

Source: Pixabay

It has been 20 years since PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002, and last year, the American fintech company was ranked 134th on the 2021 Fortune 500 list of the largest companies by revenue in the United States. Through various acquisitions, such as purchasing Bill Me Later, an online credit product that the company rebranded as PayPal Credit, and expanding its mobile app capabilities for Android and iOS, PayPal has become a staple in the online payments system market. Yet, the companys success is not entirely down to its business model evolution. Some of it has to do with the widespread adoption of PayPal in other profitable industries, such as the online gambling market.

Online gambling has risen in popularity, and analysts project the global market will have a value of over $100 billion by 2026. For perspective, the global online casino industry had a value of around $66 billion in 2020. With the increasing number of player demographics entering the market, online casino operators have also shifted their business models to adapt to different customer needs and interests.

One of these interests is online payment systems. That is why dozens of online casinos have started to offer players the option to deposit and withdraw money using PayPal in addition to using traditional credit cards like MasterCard and Visa. This applies not just to online casinos that offer classic table games like poker and blackjack, but gamblers worldwide can also use PayPal as their primary payment method to playbingo onlineas well as video slots like Rainbow Riches, one of the most popular slot game franchises in the world.

This adoption of PayPal in industries like the online casino market has allowed the fintech company to reach a new audience, which, in any business, is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. The global online payments market had a value of $6.75 trillion in 2021 and is expected to reach around $12 trillion by 2027 as more e-wallets andpayments solutionsenter the space. We can even argue that online casinos are also benefiting from this adoption of PayPal. This is because PayPal is one of the safest, fastest, and most secure payment services available, and this means gamblers do not have to worry when making deposits or withdrawals. This added security contributes to an online casinos overall rating.

Source: Pixabay

PayPals future growth plans are unclear, but we know the company has not slowed down in terms of innovation. For example, in 2021, the company launched a new consumer app covering cryptocurrency use cases. The app, dubbed a super app, includes a wallet that manages crypto payments. Interestingly, cryptocurrency payments have also been increasing in the online gambling industry.

Even though PayPal has been operating in the corporate world for decades, the companys influence and power are only beginning. In part, this is because of PayPals business model, but it is also because of markets like the online casino industry adopting the technology.

Original post:

PayPal Is Growing Its Audience Through Adoption In The Online Casino Market - GISuser.com

Posted in Online Gambling | Comments Off on PayPal Is Growing Its Audience Through Adoption In The Online Casino Market – GISuser.com