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Daily Archives: March 29, 2022
This Was Then: The gamblers – Martha’s Vineyard Times
Posted: March 29, 2022 at 1:32 pm
Joseph Thaxter, born in Hingham in 1744, grew up sickly and impoverished. He worked on his parents meager farm until the age of 19, and planned to become a cooper. But then he bought a winning lottery ticket, and used his substantial proceeds to attend Harvard. After graduating in 1768 (and for a while thereafter selling lottery tickets of his own as a fundraiser for the Revolution), he landed a job as minister of the Congregational Church in Edgartown, where he served as the religious leader of the town for the next half-century.
Gambling mostly illegal has been present on the Island in one form or another for centuries. Although it was banned by the early Colonial government, historian Charles Banks found hints of card playing among the early settlers. He writes, The games of cards known [in Colonial times on the Vineyard] were Primero, Trump, Gresco, Port, Noddy, Gleek, and others not known to the present generation. Whist, or as it was formerly written, Whisk, was not developed till the next century. The card games of Pedro and Cribbage both became popular on the Island by the turn of the 20th century. We can only assume that at least some of these games involved nontrivial stakes.
There were other popular Vineyard activities, too, on which one could place a quiet bet. Thaxters lottery eventually mutated into the ubiquitous Vineyard numbers racket. Gambling was reportedly commonplace at the horse track at Girdlestone Park in Oak Bluffs. Then the slot machines arrived.
The history of slot machines is intertwined with the history of vending machines, which became popular in American cities in the 1890s, dispensing gum, candy, cigars, and soap. Penny-in-the-slot or nickel-in-the-slot machines could soon be found at county fairs, hotels, drugstores, cigar stores, saloons, and other public places. They were used not only for dispensing products, but also as fortune-telling machines, scales, music boxes, and, inevitably, games of chance. As early as 1893, some cities in Massachusetts were beginning to ban them.
In an attempt to circumvent the bans, a form of slot machine known as the trade stimulator became popular at the turn of the 20th century. Users of all ages would insert a coin into these countertop machines, pull a lever, and hope for a winning combination of numbers or symbols to align. But instead of a cash payout, winners would receive cigars, candy, or credit toward other store merchandise, and thereby it remained a legal pastime in many jurisdictions, at least until the law caught up. (One common payout was fruit-flavored gum; the cherries and other fruit-themed symbols associated with modern slot machines are vestiges of this tradition.)
For more than 50 years, one such machine was a popular showpiece at the Marthas Vineyard Museum. A miniature metal bicycle, its coin-operated wheels marked with numbers from 1 to 24, was encased in a wood-and-glass housing. Deidamia Bettencourt recalled in her 1972 booklet, Come Tour with Me, Both wheels are numbered, the slot at the side took nickels, the bell would ring, a lever would be tipped and the wheels spun around. If they both stopped on the same number, the men won a cigar. If the ladies won, they received an ice cream cone. The device was originally kept in Fred Bunkers ice cream parlor on Main Street, Edgartown. Sometime after Bunkers 1896 arrest for liquor sales, the nickel-in-the-slot machine was incorporated into bicycle-enthusiast Leroy Tiltons newspaper and ice cream store on Main Street, later run by Irving Willoughby, who in turn eventually loaned it to the museum temporarily. (Restored by the museum staff, visitors fed it nickels to watch it operate. Remarking on the regular whirring of its wheels all summer, a 1980 Intelligencer noted, Of all the exhibits in the room, it is the one that is most universally exclaimed over.)
Soon, modern slot machines arrived. I played the slots in Tiltons drugstore, served by Big Hutch, recalled John Canha of Vineyard Haven, referring to Kenneth (Big Hutch) Hutchinson, a popular clerk at H.L. Tiltons drugstore in Vineyard Haven (later Yates). I lost about $5 once, and it bothered me for weeks. It was during the Depression. It was in the mid-30s.
By the 1930s, Boston newspapers were full of stories of murder and crime associated with the growing racket of the slot machine syndicate committed by slot machine gangs in Boston and other cities. In 1933, District Attorney Warren Bishop declared a War on Slot Machines. Every nickel in a slot machine during the Depression robs a baby of a glass of milk, declared one editorialist.
Walter Renear of Vineyard Haven told this story: Fred Hall ran the general store on Cuttyhunk the summer I worked there. He was a rather profane person, and outspoken in his general dislike for mankind. There was a soft drink hangout that we young people referred to as the Night Club. At this location there was a one-armed-bandit (slot machine); there was also another at the Allen House (a Sunday lobster dinner and boarding house). Someone reported these machines to the mainland authorities, and they sent two State Police officers to the Island at night and via the Coast Guard. While one of the officers went to the Night Club, the other went to the Allen House. At the Allen House, not seeing any slot machine, the officer asked for a lobster sandwich. After Clarence Allen took the order to the kitchen, he asked the officer if he would be interested in some amusement. The officer responded in the affirmative, whereupon Clarence whipped away a closet curtain and revealed the slot machine. Clarence was actually trying to teach the officer how to operate the machine when the officer called a halt and made his arrest; poor Clarence, as you may have gathered, was not exactly of sound mind, was put in handcuffs and taken to jail in Edgartown. The next morning there was a funeral wreath on Fred Halls front door; someone thought he had called the cops. I dont know, but I think he was capable of it.
Late one evening in August 1933, the State Police raided the Marthas Vineyard Country Club in Oak Bluffs. While 150 couples danced, 18 state and local police officers (including eight Vineyard cops) seized two slot machines and roughly $500 of liquor from the club. (Prohibition would not be repealed for another three months.) The clubs manager, Marston Flanders, was arrested and a $500 bail set. (The liquor raid, which followed an undercover operation, also included two Oak Bluffs hotels and three private homes the same night.) Flanders, a Vineyard native and a dropout of Yales finance program, soon left the Island to become a resident of West Palm Beach.
But the raid did little to stem the popularity of the machines on Marthas Vineyard. Four years later, in 1937, after weeks of complaints by residents, police warned proprietors of establishments across town to remove the gambling machines from the Island or face arrest. Some did. Others were visited by plainclothesmen, evidence quietly collected, and search warrants secured. Then, in late July, the State Police staged a fresh raid across Oak Bluffs this time exclusively for the illicit machines. Led by Oak Bluffs Police Chief Gus Amaral and a contingent of State Troopers, six men were arrested at four locations, and nine slot machines seized.
Plumber Jack Hughes and his partner Sanford Webb, who held the three-year lease on the bathhouses at the town beach, were arrested. Here at the bathhouses, the most valuable machine was taken, according to news reports. An English immigrant, Hughes ran a plumbing shop for many years on Circuit Avenue. (His son, John, helped out at the bathhouses and the attached pavilion, and fondly told stories of his time there up until his passing last fall at the age of 99.) Webb, the 28-year-old son of Dukes County Registrar of Motor Vehicles Harry Webb, worked off-season as a chauffeur and auto mechanic.
At the Oak Bluffs bowling alley, Raul Maciel was arrested. An Azorean immigrant from Fayal who spent much of his life as a Vineyard Haven farmer, Maciel also ran the bowling alleys underneath Cromwells hardware store in Vineyard Haven (occupied today by the Green Room).
At the Tivoli Taxi office, Roy Danforth was arrested, and four machines seized. On Oak Bluffs Avenue, William H. Jones and William Wilson were arrested, and three machines seized. Wilson ran a store and billiard hall in Oak Bluffs, but also worked as an employee of Danforth.
There are no gambling slot machines operating in Dukes County, the Boston Globe quoted the police after the arrests, in an article subtitled, Racket Declared at End in Dukes County.
But of course, they returned. Historian Arthur Railton described the officers quarters at the Naval Air Base (today the Marthas Vineyard Airport) during World War II, which included a recreation building, complete with slot machines, off-limits, of course, to the ordinary sailor.
Horserace gambling was legalized in Massachusetts in 1934, and the state lottery was established in 1971. But outside of the states three state-sanctioned casinos, slot machines remain illegal in the Commonwealth, unless they are privately held, at least 30 years old, and not used for gambling.
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Tagore, Seal and Sarkar: We need to remember the business heroes of Bengal Renaissance – Firstpost
Posted: at 1:31 pm
When young Bengali start out in life, they are not taught to look up to Dwarkanath Tagore or Mutty Lal Seal or Ramdulal Sarkar as their heroes. This elimination of wealth creators from the pantheon of Bengali heroes is a tragedy
Dwarakanath Tagore. Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons
This essay was born of a short lecture I gave to the newly formed Bengal Development Collective, made up mostly of students at my alma mater Oxford, and some also from Cambridge. In this, I argue that one of the primary elements that has gone missing from common Bengali consciousness is the urge towards wealth generation.
To observe a small but illustrative example, one only needs to check the number of startups that the state of West Bengal has compared to similar states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, or Karnataka. Karnataka has more than twice the number of startups compared to Bengal, Maharashtra, more than four-fold, and Gujarat, about two-thirds more. Tamil Nadu has around 40 per cent more registered startups than Bengal.
Now one could argue that perhaps many startups in Bengal are not registered but consider that per capita consumption of electricity in Bengal is lower than neighbouring states like Jharkhand and Odisha. This in a state which was once the industrial epicentre of India seems incongruous.
The economic worries of Bengal have many historic sources including a debt burden and it is also true that in the last couple of years the state has been showing swift growth in its GSDP (gross state domestic product). But there is a fundamental spirit of entrepreneurship especially new or young entrepreneurship which seems to need a rekindling in the state (as noticed in the number of startups).
Where is this spirit to be found? In fact, in Bengals own history. In this essay I wish to highlight three men from the late 18thto the early 20thcentury, from a period popularly known as the Bengal Renaissance.
These three are Dwarkanath Tagore, Mutty Lal Seal and Ramdulal Sarkar (also known as Ramdulal Dey).
The founder of the Jorashanko Tagores (or Thakurs in Bengali), and grandfather of the Nobel laureate poet and author Rabindranath, Dwarkanath was a pioneering entrepreneur.
He was one of the founders of the first Anglo-Indian mercantile company, Carr, Tagore, and Company, which had interests in jute, tea, and coal mines, and the first Indian to become a bank director in British-ruled India. Dwarkanath was a visionary in realizing that his inherited zamindari wealth was best deployed as investments in business and the real money was to be made in managing supply chains in commodities across the Empire including in trade with China. Dwarkanath was also the first Indian to buy a coal mine in Raniganj which eventually became the Bengal Coal Company.
Mutty Lal Seal was no less entrepreneurial as a trader, merchant, and owner of a major shipping fleet. Whether indigo or sugar, rice, silk, or salt petre, there is little that was traded from Calcuttas ports that did not have some interest from Mutty Lal Seal. One of the founders of the Assam Company, Seal pushed the Oriental Life Insurance Company to start servicing Indian clients. He used his ships to send flour and other food items to the new immigrants in Australia, and was among the founders of the Bank of India.
For his efforts, Mutty Lal Seal was described as the Rothschild of Calcutta.
The third character in our story is a shipping magnate called Ramdulal Sarkar (sometimes referred to as Ramdulal Dey). If Tagore and Seal were making money trading with the British, Sarkar looked at the New World. His primary business partners were in America.
From New York, Philadelphia and Boston, traders dealt with Ramdulal Sarkar to deal with commodities of all kinds and get a share of the Calcutta port action. Such was his influence that his American partners named one of their ships Ram Dolloll, a mispronunciation of his name, in Sarkars honour.
As a tribute to getting them in on the Hooghly action, Ramdulal Sarkars American trading partners presented to him a life-size portrait of George Washington by the artist William Winstanley (it is said to be the first such painting made on Washington).
Ironically, even when I gave this lecture talking about these incredible men, there was little recognition of these names among my highly educated and talented student audience. These men and their daring, enterprising exploits have almost been wiped out of the history of Bengal. When young Bengali start out in life, they are not taught to look up to Dwarkanath Tagore or Mutty Lal Seal or Ramdulal Sarkar as their heroes, as people who they ought to follow.
This elimination of wealth creators from the pantheon of Bengali heroes is a tragedy and I would like to argue is part of the problem why wealth creation and enterprise is not seen as a natural and integral part of Bengali culture today (as for instance the arts is).
If the culture of enterprise is to be reignited in Bengal, it must begin with adding to the list of Bengali heroes the names of these incredible Bengal Renaissance wealth creators who in fact bankrolled all the culture and arts that that fertile period gave us.
The writer is a multiple award-winning historian and author. The views expressed are personal.
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Tagore, Seal and Sarkar: We need to remember the business heroes of Bengal Renaissance - Firstpost
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The best thing to do with store-bought hummus: Bake it – The Spokesman Review
Posted: at 1:31 pm
Ive made no secret of my disdain for most store-bought hummus. Compared to even mediocre homemade versions, the supermarket stuff is usually too pasty and thick, and preservatives sometimes contribute sharp, off flavors.
There are exceptions, of course: The hummus that Washington, D.C.-based chain Little Sesame started selling at Whole Foods Markets is stellar. Full disclosure: The companys chefs contributed a recipe for it to my most recent cookbook. But for the most part, nothing compares to the hummus you can make quickly at home, even with canned chickpeas.
Another problem with store-bought hummus is the temperature: As chef Michael Solomonov writes in his cookbook Zahav, referring to the hummusiyas in Israel, Great hummus is never refrigerated. The best places make a big batch each morning and close the doors when it runs out, usually by mid-afternoon.
Refrigeration mutes the balanced flavors of perfect hummus and, perhaps worse, turns it stiff. But the commercial stuff requires refrigeration (as do leftovers of your homemade version). So the simplest way to improve any cold hummus is by taking the chill off: microwave it and/or whisk in little hot water (or aquafaba if youve got it) to loosen it up and return some of that silkiness to its texture.
Even better, you can bake it, as in this recipe from the U.K.-based Leon chain of fast-food restaurants. As novel as the idea might seem, its not new; chef Anna Sortun of Oleana and other restaurants outside Boston has been serving incredible warm buttered hummus her take on the traditional Turkish approach for many years.
She serves it with a cured meat called basturma, but this version cooks it under a blanket of harissa-coated cherry tomatoes and whole chickpeas, with pine nuts sprinkled on top for even more texture.
If youve never had warm hummus, this is a revelation. The tomatoes burst and add their juices to the mix while the hummus puffs up and gets a little crispy around the edges. Its absolutely stellar if youre using great homemade hummus, and its pretty darn good with the store-bought stuff, too. Its the best recipe I can think of if youre interested in dip for dinner, and it also makes great leftovers if you warm them up first.
Adapted from Leon Happy One-Pot Vegetarian by Rebecca Seal and Chantal Symons (Conran, 2022).
3 cups store-bought or homemade hummus
1 (15-ounce) can no-salt-added chickpeas or 1 cups cooked chickpeas, drained and rinsed
1 cup cherry tomatoes
3 tablespoons store-bought or homemade harissa
1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil
teaspoon fine salt
teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
3 tablespoons (1 ounce) pine nuts, toasted (may substitute slivered almonds)
Flatbreads, for serving
Position a rack in the middle of an oven and preheat to 425 degrees. Spoon the hummus into a 2-quart baking dish. Mix in half the chickpeas and smooth out the top.
In a bowl, toss the remaining chickpeas with the cherry tomatoes, harissa, oil, salt and pepper until everything is evenly coated. Pour the mixture on top of the hummus.
Bake for 25 to 30 minutes, or until the tomatoes have burst and become soft and slightly burnished on top. Sprinkle over the pine nuts and serve warm with flatbreads.
Yield: 4 servings as a main, with pita or any other flatbread, or 8 as an appetizer dip
Make ahead: Homemade hummus can be prepared and refrigerated for up to 1 week before you add the other ingredients and bake it.
Storage notes: Refrigerate for up to 1 week. Rewarm before serving.
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The best thing to do with store-bought hummus: Bake it - The Spokesman Review
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Make My Firm: Turning your vision into reality – Gulf News
Posted: at 1:31 pm
The brands scope of work involves understanding client requirements for business set up in Dubai; analysing the correct legal business activity as per the business module; providing a cost-effective and easy solution with technical and commercial details for business set-up; legal document drafting; company registration; residency visa process; providing office facilities (physical/ non-usage office set-up) as per business needs; and fast-track company formation services with licence issuance in three hours. Make My Firm offers expert services in setting up a licence on VIP basis with the Dubai Economic Department, with all formalities for name reservation, approval and memorandum signature and the licence issuance can be completed in three hours.
Make My Firms expert team offers deep knowledge about set-up advisory services that cater to all your requirements as per your business set-up needs.
Make My Firm also offers free consultancy sessions with its business set-up experts on prior booking basis and it is glad to offer assistance on the right legal guidance as per the legal and commercial framework in Dubai, before investing in a new venture.
The Dubai market is booming and its a good time to start business in the emirate, with affordable office space, lower cost of living, and easy business licence process on tap. Make My Firm wishes all success and growth to newcomers and start-ups and invites them for a free consultation session.
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"When Humans Become Cyborgs." A Glimpse Into the World …
Posted: at 1:30 pm
The World Economic is the anti-human, techno-fascist scum of the Earth.
WEF founder Klaus Schwab and his minions are the enemies of humanity and freedom for the global population.
Last week, I introduced WeLoveTrump readers toYuval Noah Harari, Schwabs top advisor. If you havent heard of this transhumanist, I recommend viewing his creepy presentations.
Who is Professor Yuval Noah Harari, Klaus Schwabs Top Advisor?
But I want to shine awareness on another sickening aspect of the World Economic Forums transhumanist agenda.
What is transhumanism?
Per Wikipedia:
Transhumanismis a philosophical and intellectual movement which advocates for the enhancement of the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies that can greatly enhancelongevityandcognition. It also predicts the inevitability of such technologies in the future.[1][2]
Transhumanist thinkers study the potential benefits and dangers ofemerging technologiesthat could overcome fundamental human limitations as well as theethics[3]of using such technologies. Some transhumanists believe that human beings may eventually be able to transform themselves into beings with abilities so greatly expanded from the current condition as to merit the label ofposthumanbeings.
In simpler terms, transhumanism is merging humans and machines through artificial intelligence.
So, Im not joking when saying Klaus Schwab wants to turn you into a cyborg.
Its a legitimate presentation given by these anti-human globalists.
As stated by the WEF:
Recent advances in brain-computer interfaces are blurring the lines between mind and machine. What steps do leaders need to take now to ensure the ethical and responsible application of human enhancement?
Join an in-depth discussion that explores the principles and priorities for governing disruptive technologies.
One of the speakers at When Humans Become Cyborgs is Victor Dzau, President of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM).
Dzau is also the President of the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB).
The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB) is an independent monitoring and accountability body to ensure preparedness for global health crises. Co-convened by the Director-General of the World Health Organization and the President of the World Bank, the GPMB is comprised of political leaders, agency principals and world-class experts. It is tasked with providing an independent and comprehensive appraisal for policy makers and the world about progress towards increased preparedness and response capacity for disease outbreaks and other emergencies with health consequences. In short, the work of the GPMB is to chart a roadmap for a safer world.
Guess whos a former Board member of the GPMB?
Anthony Fauci.
Get an understanding of the God-complex these transhumanists possess by watching When Humans Become Cyborgs.
As a reminder, Klaus Schwab has bragged about infiltrating world governments to insert these types of individuals into positions of power.
VIDEO FOUND: Klaus Schwab Admits To Penetrating The Cabinets Of Most World Governments
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Dr. Zelenko Crimes Against Humanity and the Transhumanist …
Posted: at 1:30 pm
This is the story of how one man challenged the system.
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Dr. Zelenko Crimes Against Humanity and the Transhumanist ...
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CS Lewis’s Space Trilogy: A Guide to Living on Earth – The Stream
Posted: at 1:30 pm
The radical leftist nominated for the U.S. Supreme Court who favors slaps on the wrist for child pornography addicts cant say what a woman is. Even though she was only appointed because she could check off that box, in addition to the black one. So she cant really prove that, in fact, she qualifies as a woman since she doesnt know what one is. She said to ask a biologist.
But the postmodern paradigms Judge Kentanji Brown Jackson fetishizes dont care about the verdict of biology. If you present as a woman, then others must treat you as one. So presumably drag queen RuPaul could equally fulfill Joe Bidens campaign promise. But not Rachel Dolezal, because she only presents as black.
And you cant claim membership in another race, just the opposite sex. This even though race is a biologically trivial detail, while sex is absolutely crucial to thousands of species, including our own. So I could change my name to Tallulah and insist that Im a white woman, and you must treat me as such. But I couldnt rename myself Africa X. Zmirak and insist that Im a black man. Because we are governed by reason and science, you see.
In fact, we are governed by blank insanity. Sometimes it feels like were living through a mishmash of bleak, dystopian novels from the past. We flinch in fear of committing thoughtcrimes out of George Orwells 1984. Then we drown our anxieties in pleasures proper to Aldous Huxleys Brave New World. We watch as our society gets balkanized by multicultural colonization straight out of Jean Raspails The Camp of the Saints. We see eunuchs and perverts elevated to prestige and power, as in Anthony Burgesss The Wanting Seed. And we cringe in helpless horror as our own church leaders betray both reason and faith, as they do in Robert Hugh Bensons The Lord of the World.
But more than any other prophetic work of fiction, C.S. Lewiss That Hideous Strengthseems like a document produced in 1945 by a time traveler from 2022. When I first read the novel in the early 1990s, parts of it struck me as shrill and overly alarmist. I just finished re-reading it, and it seemed like a documentary.
Among his many theological, philosophical, and literary gifts, C.S. Lewis possessed what we must call vision. He could see 50 chess moves ahead how abstract ideas seemingly harmless in the classroom or the laboratory would wreak absolute havoc. Not just in the social and political life of the West, but in the fragile ecosystem of the human heart and soul.
If you havent read the Space Trilogy, of which That Hideous Strength forms the third volume, you need to. I mean, the way you need to take your blood pressure or heart medication if its prescribed. The books themselves are masterworks of imaginative fiction, exquisite blends of futuristic fancy and learned historical allusion. Lewis had devoured the fictional works of men like H.G. Wells, written in service of shallow, degrading theories of human life. Lewis decided to plough the same fictional field on behalf of Biblical, Classical accounts of mans nature and fate. In this trilogy, as well as the seven Narnia novels, Lewis succeeded brilliantly.
In That Hideous Strength, Lewis shows the corrosive, corrupting effects of false pictures of man, especially of scientific materialism such as Darwins. He depicts the logical fallacies such worldviews entail such as reasoning to the conclusion that reasoning is impossible. More importantly, he depicts how entertaining such theories degrades our perceptions of the world, undermines our wholesome instincts and virtuous habits, and ends in the abolition of man. Pretend for long enough that you are just a trousered ape, or a meat robot, and eventually you will act like it. Or worse, youll soak in a demonic contempt for man as God made him, and join in the Enemys attack on Creation as Transgenderists and Transhumanists are attacking it today.
Lewis managed the remarkable prophetic feat of telescoping into the plot of a single novel, with a small cast of characters, the moral collapse into tyranny that in the real world took seven decades. We today may be the first people who can read That Hideous Strength and realize exactly how prescient it was.
But there is much more to this novel, and Lewis imaginative fiction, than doleful prophecies of doom. In fact, the Space Trilogy and the Narnia novels are healthy, wholesome meals for the mind and soul. They contain in them the antidote to materialism and Gnosticism, the alternative to disillusionment. Lewis worked in those books to re-enchant Creation with the Creators light and love. As a scholar of Medieval literature, he treasured a deep love for the cosmology that underlay its masterworks, from Beowulf to The Divine Comedy. That worldview stands in stark contrast to the bleak materialism mixed with political superstitions that produced todays Woke religion, and props up its priests of Baal, such as Judge Jackson.
Lewis sought to revive in modern readers the Medieval sensibility, which saw in the heavens the orderly handiwork of a glorious Craftsman, and in each planet an emblem of certain attributes of God. To really appreciate these novels, I recommend two books by astute Christian critics: Planet Narnia by Michael Ward (on the Narnia books), and Deeper Heaven by Christiana Hale (on the Space Trilogy). These authors delve into minute detail, unpacking Lewis imagery and allusions in light of his project.
One more author, if I might. Perhaps the most powerful practitioner of the scientific discipline known as Intelligent Design is Hugh Ross. A vastly knowledgeable physicist, he is also a gifted theologian. He strives in his books to show how scientifically implausible materialist claims really are, in the light of the massive fine-tuning required to make any life possible, much less human life. Beyond that, he reflects on the accounts in Genesis to show how (if properly read) they anticipate the latest findings of contemporary cosmology. Get hold of his The Creator and the Cosmos and Why the Universe Is the Way It Is. These books, dealing with real-world astronomy and biology, serve the same goal that Lewiss novels did: restoring to our view of the world the proper gratitude and wonder.
John Zmirak is a senior editor at The Stream and author or co-author of ten books, including The Politically Incorrect Guide to Immigration and The Politically Incorrect Guide to Catholicism. He is co-author with Jason Jones of God, Guns, & the Government.
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CS Lewis's Space Trilogy: A Guide to Living on Earth - The Stream
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Recycling old antivax tropes as bioethics-based arguments against COVID-19 vaccination for children – Science Based Medicine
Posted: at 1:30 pm
Regular readers might be getting tired of my pointing out how theres nothing new under the antivax sun in terms of deceptive arguments, conspiracy theories, and tropes designed to argue against vaccinating. However, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced these talking points to a much large audience than had ever seen them before so I considered it my duty to educate our readers and to point out that none of the antivaccine misinformation that has hit us like a tsunami since COVID-19 vaccines first entered large clinical trials in the summer of 2020 is anything new. It just seems new if you havent seen it before. Examples include, of course, misinformation claiming that the vaccine kills based on misinterpretation of the VAERS database; that it sterilizes our womenfolk; that it sheds and endangers the unvaccinated; and that it causes cancer, none of which are anything new. Even the claim that it permanently alters your DNA, although it might appear like a new talking point based on the fact that Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines were the first successful translations of mRNA technology into a clinical product, if you look really hard, is not a new claim. (Transhumanism, anyone?) As Charles Pierce likes to say, history is so cool. In this case, though, Id add: Its only cool and useful if you know about it and can use it to counter the pernicious misinformation about vaccines of the sort published by, for example, The Wall Street Journal and deconstructed by Jonathan Howard yesterday.
Last week the journal Bioethics published another example of how everything old is new again in the form of an article titled Against COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children. It might as well have been titled Against vaccination of healthy children, because pretty much every one of the arguments presented could be used to argue against long-accepted childhood vaccines that have been mandated as a prerequisite for school enrollment in the US for decades. Ill explain in a moment, but, given that this is presented as piece of serious scholarship, I wondered who was behind it. It turned out to be from a last-year graduate student named Steven R. Kraaijeveld at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and Associate Fellow at the Research Consortium on the Ethics of Socially Disruptive Technologies. Its noted in the Biographies section that his PhD dissertation is on the ethics of vaccination. His research focuses on philosophy and ethics of technology, medical ethics, public health ethics, and moral psychology. After reading this article, Id say that he needs to go back to the drawing board, particularly given the Tweets with which he bragged about his paper on Friday:
In the thread, as he lists his reasons for arguing against the both routine and mandatory COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children he brags about all the data that back up his ethical conclusions, after, of course regurgitating the health freedom and parental rights arguments that have long been a staple of antivaccine activists going back decades:
Mr. Kraaijevelds co-authors include Rachel Gur-Arie, PhD, MS, Hecht-Levi Postdoctoral Fellow in Ethics and Infectious Disease at the Berman Institute of Bioethics at Johns Hopkins University, and Euzebiusz Jamrozik, MD, PhD, practicing Internal Medicine Physician and fellow in Ethics and Infectious Diseases at Ethox and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities at the University of Oxford, as well as Head of the Monash-WHO Collaborating Centre for bioethics at the Monash Bioethics Centre. Youd think that at least Dr. Jamrozik would be aware of the antivaccine tropes being recycled in this graduate students paper, but apparently not. Ive found that, depressingly, a lot of academics who actually work on infectious diseases and vaccines are blissfully unaware of common antivaccine tropes, which leads them to regurgitate them inadvertently in a much more palatable, academic-seeming form. This is what this paper does.
In the case of this article, its hard not to think of Bioethics like this.
In fairness, I will give the authors a modicum of credit in that they seem to realize that their arguments could be used to argue against other childhood vaccines. They even say so in the introduction, claiming that theyll show you why the arguments in favor of routine vaccination of children against COVID-19, arguments that they find compelling for other childhood vaccines, dont hold up for COVID-19 vaccines. In fact, as Ill show, the arguments they make against the key pillars of the case for vaccinating children against COVID-19 could just as easily be deployed against many, if not most, childhood vaccines currently in use and long accepted.
Kraaijeveld notes:
This article presents an analysis of the ethics of vaccinating healthy children against COVID-19 by responding to the strongest arguments that might favor such an approach.5 In particular, we present three arguments that might justify routine6 COVID-19 vaccination of children, based on (a) an argument from paternalism, (b) an argument from indirect protection and altruism, and (c) an argument from the global public health aim of COVID-19 eradication.7 We offer a series of objections to each respective argument to show that, given the best available data, none of them is tenable. These arguments, which might be compelling for childhood vaccination against other diseases and in different circumstances,8 do not appear to hold in the case of COVID-19 with the currently available vaccines. Given the present state of affairs and all things considered, COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children is ethically unjustified.
If one accepts our conclusion that routine vaccination of healthy children against COVID-19 is ethically unjustified, then it follows that coercion, which is an ethically problematic issue in itself, is even less warranted. Nonetheless, mandatory vaccination of healthy children against COVID-19 is already being consideredand, in some places, implementedas a way of increasing vaccine uptake.9 We therefore also provide two objections specifically against making COVID-19 vaccination mandatory for children, which center on additional ethical concerns about overriding the autonomy of parents and legal guardians and of children who are capable of making autonomous decisions. If vaccinating healthy children against COVID-19 is ethically problematic, then coercing vaccination is even less acceptablebut even if vaccinating healthy children against COVID-19 should at some future point be considered more defensible (e.g., should a much more favorable costbenefit analysis emerge), important ethical objections against coercive mandates will still remain.
As I said before, Mr. Kraaijeveld is recycling the health freedom and parental rights arguments that portray any attempt to require vaccines for children before entering public school or daycare facilities as an unacceptable fascistic assault of freedom. Its a very old antivaccine argument that takes a reasonable debate about the limits of what can be mandated in the service of public health and turns it into a Manichean view that portrays any sort of mandate or even mild coercion as evil. One has only to look at the Defeat the Mandates rally held in Washington, DC in January (with a repeat scheduled for Los Angeles in April) to see this argument taken to an extreme.
Its true that Defeat the Mandates tends to include more than vaccine mandates, but it also adds a healthy dash of parental rights to the rhetoric of health freedom, all with a Boomer-friendly design (note the font) reminiscent of Woodstock.
Lets look at Mr. Kraaijevelds main arguments one by one.
Mr. Kraaijeveld begins by characterizing the appeal to paternalism thusly:
The first argument in favor of childhood vaccination for COVID-19 derives from paternalistic considerations and holds that routine vaccination of healthy children is justified because it is in the best interests of the would-be vaccinated children. The argument from paternalism suggests that COVID-19 vaccination will, all things considered, benefit children the most (or cause them the least harm). Given that routine vaccination is the most effective way to ensure vaccine uptake, it is therefore justified for the sake of the health and well-being of children themselves.
Unsurprisingly, his objections are twofold:
Both Dr. Howard and I have been repeating for months now how these claims are not only wrong, but echo the same claims made by antivaxxers about the MMR vaccine. Whenever the argument that we shouldnt vaccinate children against COVID-19 because the disease isnt that dangerous to children (i.e., quite literally, doesnt kill that many children), Im reminded of the appeal to the Brady Bunch commonly repeated by antivaxxers in 2015. Ill discuss that more in a moment, but first lets see what Mr. Kraaijeveld actually argues:
According to the best available data, healthy children are at a much lower risk of severe illness from COVID-19 and are less susceptible to infection than older adults.10 In contrast to many other vaccine-preventable diseases, healthy children are at low risk of severe COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality.11 Hospitalization of children with COVID-19 is rare, although emerging data suggest that children with severe underlying comorbidities are at higher risk.12 Deaths among healthy children due to COVID-19 are very rare; for example, a large study in Germany found no deaths among children aged 511 without comorbidities.13 We agree with the assessment that COVID-19 is not a pediatric public health emergency.14
That last citation (#14) is to an article by Drs. Wesley Pegden, Vinay Prasad, and Stefan Baral published in May 2021 arguing that COVID vaccines for children should not receive emergency use authorization. Dr. Howard recently discussed that article and its many flaws in great detail in follow-up to his original discussion of the article last year, which means I dont have to now. Read the articles for the details, but, in brief, Pegden et al. presented a case that made COVID-19 appear essentially harmless to healthy children (much as antivaxxers had long claimed that measles, chickenpox, and the like are essentially harmless to healthy children for years before) while leaving out information about how effective the vaccines were in children. Lets just echo what Dr. Howard said by listing again some of his key bullet points (remember, this was May 2021 and lots more children have been hospitalized and died since then in the US):
That sounds serious to me, and, remember, the Pegden et al. article was published almost 11 months ago, and, as our very own Dr. Howard pointed out, there was definitely some cherry picking going on here:
And also, others pointed out how cherry picked Mr. Kraaijevelds citations were:
Actually, it wasnt just cherry picking; it was misrepresentation, too:
Id also suggest that Mr. Kraaijeveld look at who is leaping to his defense. Personally, Id be embarrassed if I had people like this defending me:
If you want to see how bad Mr. Kraaijevelds arguments are, look no further than this passage:
Overall, the burden of COVID-19 in children appears to be similar to or lower than that of typical seasonal influenza in the winter (unlike the much higher disease burden of COVID-19 in adults).16 In 2020, 198 children aged <17 officially died of COVID-19 in the United States.17 In 2021, with Delta being the predominant variant, that number increased to 378,18 which is comparable to the official number of children aged <17 who died in the 20182019 influenza season in the United States (i.e., 372).19
Notice how every time the claim is made that COVID-19 is much less deadly (or at least no more deadly) than the flu in children (even, as I note, routine yearly vaccination against the flu is recommended for children), its always the 2018-2019 flu season thats cited, Always. Of course, that was the last complete flu season before the pandemic, which means that citing it is citing a season with zero mitigations of the likes that the pandemic brought us. There were no mask mandates, no business shutdowns, no virtual schooling, and no social distancing. Its an intellectually dishonest comparison of apples to oranges worthy of antivaccine activists (which is why Mr. Kraaijeveld really shouldnt have used it), and, as Dr. Howard put it, 1,200 is more than six. Basically, in the same environment, with mask mandates and mitigations, COVID-19 was much more deadly to children than the flu. Mr. Kraaijevelds argument boils down to the same argument antivaxxers make, namely that routine (or even mandated) vaccination of children against COVID-19 is unnecessary because its more or less harmless to healthy children and not that many children die of it. Again, it used to be accepted that children arent supposed to die if we can reasonably prevent it (which we can with COVID-19 vaccines), but arguments like Mr. Kraaijevelds amount to a shrugging of the shoulders over a level of child death that used to be considered unthinkable, even though 20% of COVID-19 deaths occur in children with no underlying conditions. Some ethics!
This brings us back to the Brady Bunch.
I last discussed the Brady Bunch gambittwo weeks ago. It was basically an antivax trope pioneered several years ago by antivaxxers about the measles. Theyd point to a 1969 episode of the classic sitcom The Brady Bunch in which all six kids (and, ultimately, Mike and Alice, who, it turns out, had never had the measles as children) caught the measles. The whole situation was played for laughs, with the kids happily staying home and playing games, the only evidence that they were ill being phony-looking red spots on their faces and limbs. It wasnt just The Brady Bunch either. Even though its only two weeks since I last cited it, heres a 2014 YouTube video that was making the rounds then:
You get the idea, I think. I consider Mr. Kraaijevelds paper to be an academic version of the Brady Bunch gambit, which is why Ill take this opportunity to point out yet again that according to the CDC, before the vaccine, 48,000 people a year were hospitalized for the measles; 4,000 developed measles-associated encephalitis; and 400 to 500 died. By any stretch of the imagination that was a significant public health problem, and the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, followed by the MMR in 1971, made it much less so, bringing measles under such control that it became very uncommon and deaths from it rare. As Dr. John Snyder reminded us nearly 13 years ago in his response to Dr. Sears making the same arguments in his vaccine book that touted an alternative vaccination schedule, measles is not a benign disease, regardless of what popular culture thought of it 50 or 60 years ago. (More recent data show that a severe complication of measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), is more common than we used to think.) Meanwhile, over 13 years ago Dr. Sears was claiming that the risk of fatality from measles is as close to zero as you can get without actually being zero. Sound familiar? This is basically the same argument that Mr. Kraaijeveld is making for COVID-19, which has killed over 1,300 children in the US since the pandemic hit, arguably more than the average yearly toll of measles before the vaccine.
Mr. Kraaijeveld also invokes another common antivax argument:
Furthermore, post-infection immunity has been found to be at least as effective as vaccination at protecting against disease due to reinfection with COVID-19.24 An increasingly large body of evidence suggests that immunity after previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is at least as robust as vaccine-induced immunity.25 Childhood exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which, as previously discussed, is generally associated with mild viral illness, may offer protection against more severe illness in adulthood.26 To date, hundreds of millions of children have already been infected with COVID-19. For children with immunity from previous infection, the potential benefits of vaccination are likely to be lower than for children without immunity
Ill give Mr. Kraaijeveld credit for using the preferred term post-infection immunity rather than natural immunity, but this, too, is an old antivax argument, namely that natural immunity is better than (or at least as good as) vaccine-induced immunity. Its an argument that I first encountered over 20 years ago, which was when I first started taking a serious interest in the antivaccine movement. Sometimes it got really ridiculous too. Does anyone remember the book Melanies Marvelous Measles 11 years ago? It was a childrens book that argued that measles was not only not harmful but that it was good for children because it built natural immunity. Indeed, its blurb read:
This book takes children aged 4 10 years on a journey of discovering about the ineffectiveness of vaccinations, while teaching them to embrace childhood disease, heal if they get a disease, and build their immune systems naturally.
Actually, measles is worse than we thought in that it causes immune amnesia that suppresses immune memory and makes one susceptible to other infections for 2-3 years. You know why natural immunity isnt better than vaccine-induced immunity? Its because achieving natural immunity requires that one actually suffer through the disease and risk its complications, up to and including death.
I like to ask everyone, including Mr. Kraaijeveld, who argues against routine vaccination of children against COVID-19 because it isnt that dangerous to them: Why arent you arguing against routine vaccination against measles? The death toll among children due to COVID-19 over the last two years (>1,300) translates to a higher yearly death toll than the measles produced in the years right before the vaccine. What about chickenpox, which used to kill only around 100 children a year before the vaccine? Why arent you arguing against the varicella vaccine?
Oh, thats right. Its because the COVID-19 vaccine is supposedly so much more dangerous:
The case for vaccinating healthy children against COVID-19 for their own sake is undermined by uncertainty; that is, by the currently poorly characterized potential for rare, harmful outcomes associated with the vaccines in children. Public safety data from the Pfizer-BioNTech clinical trials in children included 2,260 participants aged 12 to 15, of which 1,131 received the vaccine.37 In addition to a small sample size, the trial follow up period was of short duration; therefore, no reliable data presently exist for rare or longer-term vaccine-related harms.38 Though common adverse events occurring less than 6 months after vaccination may be ruled out, the risks of rare or delayed adverse outcomes can simply not yet be evaluated.39 Should vaccine harms occur, they will be revealed in the general pediatric population only after thousands or millions of children are already vaccinated, which would also risk seriously undermining vaccine confidence. The restriction of AstraZeneca vaccines to older age groups due to blood clotting events early on in the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, as well as reports of increased rates of vaccine-related myocarditis among younger age groups illustrates that rare risks are sometimes more common in younger age groups and might sometimes outweigh benefits in children.40 Severe cardiac manifestations such as myocarditis and pericarditis are now recognized as rare risks of the COVID-19 vaccines.41 Myocarditis-induced deaths following COVID-19 vaccination have been documented in adolescents as well as in adults.42
This is a classic antivax argument, namely that the vaccine is more dangerous than the disease. Of course, if the vaccine truly is more dangerous than the disease, then that is a compelling argument. However, as weve discussed many times (particularly Dr. Howard), this is not the case with COVID-19 vaccines. Even the cases of two adolescent deaths after vaccination cited by Mr. Kraaijeveld are not nearly as clearcut as portrayed, as pediatric cardiologist Dr. Frank Han discussed, noting that dilation of the heart (found in one boy) doesnt occur within days and the autopsy findings were missing some key pieces of information that would definitively suggest the vaccine as the cause.
The speculation about potential long term effects is also a common antivaccine trope. Antivaxxers, failing to be able to make the case that routine childhood vaccines are more dangerous than the diseases that they vaccinated against, often pivot to handwaving about unknown (and undescribed and unproven) long term effects. Before COVID-19, those long term adverse events were autism, autoimmune disease, cancer (still a favorite for COVID-19 vaccines), and pretty much every major chronic illness. (Indeed, antivaxxer Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. came up with the false claim that the current generation of children is the sickest generation, largely due toyou guessed it!vaccines.) The last time I dealt with the claim of long term adverse events (i.e., greater than a few weeks to six months after vaccination), I noted that they were very rare, so rare that Paul Thacker, for instance, had to do incredible contortions to find very rare cases that occurred only in the special case of immunosuppressed children and cite narcolepsy after the H1N1 vaccine Pandemrix, which actually occurred within weeks after vaccinationhardly long term.
So this section is basically one antivax argument that the vaccine is more dangerous than the disease. Its not; so Mr. Kraaijevelds ethical argument falls apart. Next up, he appeals to a lack of sterilizing immunity.
The next arguments for vaccination against COVID-19 that Mr. Kraaijeveld takes are all based on the observation that COVID-19 vaccines do not produce sterilizing immunity; i.e., they do not completely prevent infection and transmission, although he does concede that they are quite effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Based on this observation (primarily), he takes on the argument from indirect protection and altruism and the argument from global eradication. Ill start with the latter first, because in its service he makes an argument that caused me, literallyand I do mean literallyto facepalm as I read it. Specifically, he objects to claims that ongoing transmission will:
Mr. Kraaijeveld objects to the first argument by pointing out that evolutionary fitness of an infectious virus is determined more by increased transmissibility rather than virulence, which is true as far as it goes, although he cites a 2020 paper making the argument that there was not yet evidence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility. (Those would arrive a few months later in the form of the Delta and Omicron variants, the Delta variant being more transmissible than the original Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant being more transmissible than the Delta variant.) Howeverand heres where the facepalm came in as I readthat is actually a strong argument for doing everything reasonable, especially vaccination, to decrease the level of transmission to as low a level as is feasible, in order to decrease the likelihood of more transmissible variants arising. Again, as people making these arguments always seem to do, Mr. Kraaijeveld is falling prey to the Nirvana fallacy, in which an imperfect intervention is portrayed as a useless one. When someone like this argues that COVID-19 vaccines do not prevent infection or transmission, it implies that the vaccines dont prevent infection or transmission at all, which is nonsense. Of course they do; theyre just not 100% effective (or, since the rise of Delta and Omicron even close to it).) The way to look at it is that the vaccines are less good at preventing infection and transmission than they are at preventing serious disease and death, not that they dont prevent transmission or infection at all.
What flows from Mr. Kraaijevelds Nirvana fallacy is predictable. He argues, as I mentioned above, that mass vaccination of children will not contribute to preventing the development of more harmful variants. I note that, even as he observes that virulence and transmissibility are often incorrectly conflated, Mr. Kraaijeveld himself seems to be doing the same thing as he in essence argues against a straw man of the real argument, that decreasing transmission is useful in terms of controlling the disease, even if the vaccines dont produce anything near sterilizing immunity. He also argues:
The notion that unbridled transmission would make the virus more likely to escape vaccine-derived immunity makes the eradication argument either self-defeating or incredibly costly. Aside from the fact that current vaccines do not prevent infection or transmission, if certain variants really are highly efficient at evading vaccine-derived immunityor, worse still, if more variants continuously evolve to evade vaccines more efficientlythen attempts at eradication through global vaccination, and the strong evolutionary selection pressures this entails, will be met with diminishing returns for the costs of such a program.
Its also rather funny how Mr. Kraaijeveld fails to note that these new variants are also pretty good at evading post-infection natural immunity as wellpossibly even as good as they are at evading vaccine-induced immunityto the point where its increasingly being concluded that, while its better to prevent COVID-19 with vaccination, if you do get it hybrid immunity (a combination of infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity from getting the vaccine after youve recovered) is better at preventing the disease than either alone. I also note that there are few areas in the world where the vaccination rate among adults (much less among children) is anywhere near high enough to result in significant selection for variants that evade the immune response; what we are seeing is primarily a selection for increased transmissibility due to wide and largely uncontrolled circulation of the coronavirus among large populations.
Mr. Kraaijeveld also argues that children are not a major driver of COVID-19 transmission, thus making vaccinating healthy children pointless, because, according to him, COVID-19 is not dangerous to healthy children. One notes that there is more cherry picking here, given that all the studies he cites are pre-Delta and pre-Omicron. Moreover, more recent studies showing that mask mandates significantly decreased transmission suggest that schools are not as insignificant a source of COVID-19 circulation as Mr. Kraaijeveld would argue.
The last part of Mr. Kraaijevelds paper opposes any sort of mandates for COVID-19 vaccines for children that are straight from the antivax playbook. First, the appeal to parental rights:
Mandates for children to be vaccinated against COVID-19 would limit and, depending on their nature, even override the autonomy of parents and guardians to make decisions about the health of their children. This requires ethical justification as such, but it demands stronger justification in proportion to the level of coercion that mandates would involve.100 When mandates are in place, the actors who make decisions for the health and well-being of children de facto become governments and public health officials rather than parents, although less coercive measures (e.g., small fines) might allow some parents to opt out and thereby retain decisional autonomy.101
I have to wonder right here if Mr. Kraaijeveld understands how mandates work for children, in the US at least. Here, the mandate is that children require certain vaccines to attend school, but there is no legal penalty for not vaccinating ones children other than not being allowed to enroll them in school. Certainly, there are no fines, and its pretty rare that parents are investigated by child protective services for not vaccinating their children. (Usually, such investigations involve far more than just not vaccinating.) He also seems unaware that most states allow religious and philosophical exemptions to these mandates, in addition to medical exemptions. In the US, at least, the coercion that he decries isnt much in the way of coercion at all, which makes me wonder why he doesnt think that, in the US at least, mandating COVID-19 vaccines for school is acceptable. Oh, wait. As discussed above, he echoesunknowingly, I hope, but possibly knowingly I fearantivaccine talking points about them, such as the claims that COVID-19 doesnt harm healthy children, that the vaccine is more dangerous than the disease, that it doesnt produce sterilizing immunity and is therefore useless in contributing to herd immunity, and other arguments.
He also goes straight into Great Barrington Declaration/Urgency of Normal territory of focused protection:
For COVID-19, vaccines are safe and effective in higher-risk groups, including older adults and the immunocompromised,59 and significantly reduce the risk of severe illness even when vaccinated groups are exposed to substantial community transmission.60 While there are some people for whom the current COVID-19 vaccines are contraindicated (e.g., those with severe allergies), this group appears to be small.61 It is therefore not the case that vulnerable groups cannot protect themselves, which would make routine vaccination of less vulnerable groupschildren, in this casemore compelling. Moreover, as argued above, children are not major drivers of COVID-19 transmission. As such, there is no strong ethical justification for COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children for the sake of vulnerable groups.
This is, in essence, the same argument that Great Barrington Declaration authors make about all interventions to prevent the spread of COVID-19including masks, lockdowns, and vaccinesnamely that its possible to protect the vulnerable (focused protection) and that no intervention should be permitted that is not completely voluntary. Unsurprisingly, consistent with this Mr. Kraaijeveld is apparently not a fan of nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as masks and lockdowns, to slow the spread of COVID-19 either, viewing them as ethically problematic as well.
To summarize, Mr. Kraaijeveld argues that, because current COVID-19 vaccines do not produce sterilizing immunity, herd immunity is not achievable, and vaccinating children doesnt protect others, nor would vaccinating them prevent the evolution of more harmful and/or immune-evading variants, and, as a result, vaccinating children is not ethically supportable, and vaccine mandates of any kind for COVID-19 are completely unjustifiable from an ethical standpoint. Of course, he fails to mention that most vaccines do not produce sterilizing immunity. Its not as though this hadnt been discussed at the time the vaccines were being rolled out or that scientists hadnt recognized that COVID-19 vaccines were unlikely to produce true sterilizing immunity. Its just plain incorrect to argue that you have to have sterilizing immunity for a vaccine to contribute to herd immunity or even the elimination of a disease. For example, the smallpox vaccine did not produce sterilizing immunity; yet, as has been observed, it was crucial in eradicating smallpox. Neither the Salk (inactivated) nor the Sabin (live attenuated) polio vaccine produces sterilizing immunity, but the global eradication of polio is within reach, thanks to the vaccines:
Also, while were on the topic of polio, it turns out that the same appeal to the disease doesnt kill that many children argument can be made for polio:
One wonders whether Mr. Kraaijeveld similarly questions whether routine polio vaccination is advisable, as well. Just as most of his arguments could be used against routine measles vaccination, similarly most of them could also be used against polio.
Or rotavirus:
The case of rotaviruswhich causes severe vomiting and watery diarrhea and is especially dangerous to infants and young childrenis fairly straightforward. Vaccination limits, but does not stop, the pathogen from replicating. As such, it does not protect against mild disease. By reducing an infected persons viral load, however, it decreases transmission, providing substantial indirect protection. According to the Centers for Disease Control, four to 10 years after the 2006 introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in the U.S., the number of positive tests for the disease fell by as much as 74 to 90 percent.
I mean
In other words, it is not a prerequisite that COVID-19 vaccines prevent transmission completely for them to be very valuable in curbing the pandemic. Moreover, newer generations of COVID-19 vaccines might actually be able to achieve sterilizing immunity. I also note that it has long been a favorite antivaccine argument to cite one vaccine in particular that doesnt provide sterilizing immunity, specifically the pertussis vaccine, whose immunity also wanes with time, like that from COVID-19 vaccines.
While issues of freedom and parental rights are issues of ethics and law about which there will always be some subjectivity based on differing belief systems and about which reasonable people can disagree, accurate science and data are required to have reasonable debates about how much the state should be allowed to infringe upon individual freedom and autonomy as well as parental rights. By massively downplaying the severity of COVID-19 in children in a manner that is, quite frankly, eugenicist in its emphasis on the disease supposedly being pretty close harmless to healthy childrennot to mention based on cherry picked data primarily from before the Delta and Omicron surgesand exaggerating the dangers of the vaccine, Mr. Kraaijeveld, whether he realizes it or not or will admit it or not, tilts the playing field in favor of his arguments in the same intellectually dishonest manner that antivaxxers have long done. He even recycles their arguments, as the way his appeal to the lack of sterilizing immunity due to COVID-19 vaccination and his claim that COVID-19 is close to harmless to most healthy children, both of which are old antivaccine claims used for a number of vaccines in the past, but particularly MMR, rotavirus, and varicella.
All of these reasons are why I now eagerly await Mr. Kraaijevelds next bioethical treatise arguing that we should not routinely vaccinate children against measles because the disease doesnt kill that many kids and that we shouldnt vaccinate against polio, pertussis, and most other childhood diseases because the vaccines dont produce sterilizing immunity and therefore cannot produce herd immunity or contribute to the elimination of the disease. After all, if hes going to recycle, he should go all-in and recycle everything.
Meanwhile, people who like Mr. Kraaijevelds message will go all Humpty Dumpty about words and argue that an article titled Against COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children is not actually arguing against vaccinating children against COVID-19:
Same as it ever was.
Originally posted here:
Recycling old antivax tropes as bioethics-based arguments against COVID-19 vaccination for children - Science Based Medicine
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Royal tour in sharp opposition to needs of Caribbean people, says human rights group – The Guardian
Posted: at 1:28 pm
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridges recent tour was in sharp opposition to the needs and aspirations of the Caribbean people, a human rights alliance from the region has said.
The British monarchys historic role in the slave trade continues to damage the Caribbeans society and economy, Jamaicas Advocates Network said in an open letter published jointly with representatives from Belize and the Bahamas.
Repeating the call for reparations to be paid by the UK government, the alliance said: We stand united in rejecting this so-called charm offensive tour of the Caribbean undertaken by William and Catherine, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, which is in sharp opposition to the needs and aspirations of indigenous peoples and people of African descent in the Caribbean.
We stand united in condemning Britains savagery in enslaving our ancestors, the coarse indecency of colonial exploitation, the brutality of its enforcers and the enduring legacies of impoverishment and colonial-era ideologies that have damaged and continue to damage our people, our society and our economy.
It was a trip intended to repair relations between the monarchy and the Caribbean people, but Prince William and his wife faced fierce protests in Belize over a land dispute involving a charity of which the Duke is a patron.
The opposition came as the Jamaican prime minister said his country would be moving on to become a republic, while a government committee in the Bahamas called on the royals to issue a full and formal apology for their crimes against humanity.
William issued a statement after the trip understood to have not been discussed with the Queen and Prince Charles first in which he said the visit had brought into even sharper focus questions about the past and the future.
But Cristina Coc, leader of the Maya community in southern Belize, criticised the duke and duchess for not going beyond saying sorry.
Before they ask us to heal, they must right the wrongs they have caused indigenous people and people of African heritage, she said. The powers and systems that continue to foster imperialism must acknowledge the harm done, not merely by an apology but by a true recognition of our inalienable human rights, land rights and true reparative justice.
We will not continue to remain silent in the face of continued threats to our identity, dignity and agency while privileged royals travel around in desperation to maintain the legacy of colonies.
Niambi Hall-Campbell, of the University of the Bahamas, lambasted the cost to taxpayers in the country to fund the royal tour.
She said: Why are we being made to pay again? Why are we footing the bills for the benefit of a regime whose rise to greatness was fuelled by the enslavement, colonisation and degradation of the people of this land, when we should be the ones receiving payments?
Several hundred thousand dollars in public resources and manpower were dedicated to accommodating the royal visit at a time when thousands of Bahamians are struggling to make ends meet amid high inflation.
The duke is understood to have also raised questions about whether it would be appropriate for him to be head of the Commonwealth, since the role is not hereditary. In 2018, Commonwealth leaders formally announced that Charles would become the next head after the Queen.
Meanwhile, Sir Hilary Beckles, vice-chancellor of the University of the West Indies and chair of the Caricom Reparation Committee, said it was an embarrassment that the Queen continues as head of state to a number of Caribbean countries.
He said: It is now today, at this time to us, an embarrassment, that we should have a head of state who does not live among us, who does not understand the lives and the pain and suffering of the people who are her subjects, who cannot perform any role or functions among the people over who she presides and has to hire someone to do her work because either she is too busy or unwilling, unable, cannot perform her duty as head of state and delegates that duty to someone else.
These are part of the embarrassments of colonialism that we can no longer take.
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Royal tour in sharp opposition to needs of Caribbean people, says human rights group - The Guardian
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New exhibit brings Caribbean folklore and traditions to Noyes art gallery – Evanston RoundTable
Posted: at 1:28 pm
The Noyes Second Floor Art Gallery presents ARETO: Allusions of Sacred Geometry and Disapora, an installation by Yanira Collado, through May 18.
Areto is an Arawak ceremonial practice involving lyrics and choreography that was believed to recount and pay tribute to the heroic deeds of Tano ancestors, chiefs, gods and Cemis. This installation is an analysis into the emergence and diaspora of the cultural practices, spirituality and folkloric traditions in the Caribbean.
Collado, a Miami-based conceptual artist who lived and worked in Evanston, attempts with her work to assemble a visual language that brings together the questions of whose history is recorded, stored and retrieved and how that process occurs.
The exhibition is free and the gallery is open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Mondays though Saturdays and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays. Mask and proof of vaccination are required.
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New exhibit brings Caribbean folklore and traditions to Noyes art gallery - Evanston RoundTable
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