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Daily Archives: March 15, 2022
The Central Intelligence Agency has a new CIO – The Record by Recorded Future
Posted: March 15, 2022 at 6:11 am
The Central Intelligence Agency recently tapped LaNaia J. Jones, a veteran cybersecurity leader in the U.S. spy community, to be its new chief information officer.
We are delighted by the appointment of LaNaia J. Jones as the Agencys new Chief Information Officer and Director of the Information Technology Enterprise within the Directorate of Digital Innovation, CIA Deputy Press Secretary Luis Rossello said in a statement.
Jones brings a wealth of experience in information technology and innovation in the national security sphere to the post, he added. We look forward to her leadership in leveraging emerging digital technology to advance our mission.
Jones, who replaced Juliane Gallina and whose appointment was first publicly discussed with The Record, began work in late February.
She most recently served as the National Security Agencys deputy CIO where she oversaw IT investments and acquisition efforts and as the electronic spy agencys Information Sharing and Safeguarding Executive. Prior to the NSA, Jones served as acting CIO for the U.S. clandestine community within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, working with CIOs and other senior leaders across the communitys 18 agencies.
Before that, she was the deputy CIO for the intelligence community. Jones also worked as the chief of Transformation and Transition for a global IT service provider within the Defense Department prior to her selection.
She graduated with a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and received a master of science degree in Technology Management from the University of Maryland University College.
Jones joins the CIA at a time when the organization is working to keep pace with technological changes in order to better develop and employ its own espionage capabilities, including detecting cyber threats from adversaries like Russia and China.
During his confirmation hearing last year, now-CIA Director Williams Burns said the SolarWinds breach which the U.S. has been attributed to the Russian government should serve as a warning to the federal government and the countrys national security apparatus about such dangers.
If this is a harsh wakeup call, then I think its essential for the CIA to work even harder to develop capabilities to help detect these kinds of attacks when they come from foreign players, he said.
Burns stressed the importance of technology again last week during the Senate Intelligence Committees annual hearing on the greatest threats to U.S. national security.
Nothing is going to matter more to the future of the CIA and, I think, the U.S. intelligence community more broadly than our ability to compete technologically. Its the main arena for competition with China, he said, noting the CIA last year created a mission center to focus on foreign technological development and another on Beijing and established the agencys first chief technology officer.
Together, the moves reflect the enormously high priority that we will continue to attest to that set of issues, according to Burns.
Martin is a senior cybersecurity reporter for The Record. He spent the last five years at Politico, where he covered Congress, the Pentagon and the U.S. intelligence community and was a driving force behind the publication's cybersecurity newsletter.
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The Central Intelligence Agency has a new CIO - The Record by Recorded Future
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Mission – Humanity+
Posted: at 6:10 am
What does it mean to be human in a technologically enhanced world? Humanity+, also known as World Transhumanist Association, is a 501(c)3 international nonprofit membership organization that advocates the ethical use of technology, such as artificial intelligence, to expand human capacities. In other words, we want people to be better than well. This is the goal of transhumanism.
Technologies that support longevity and mitigate the disease of aging by curing disease and repairing injury have accelerated to a point in which they also can increase human performance outside the realms of what is considered to be normal for humans. These technologies are referred to as emerging and exponential and include artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, biotechnology, stem cells, and gene therapy, for example. Other technologies that could extend and expand human capabilities outside physiology include AI, robotics, and brain-computer integration, which form the domain of bionics, memory transfer, and could be used for developing whole body prosthetics. Because these technologies, and their respective sciences and strategic models, such as blockchain, would take the human beyond the historical (normal) state of existence, society, including bioethicists and others who advocate the safe use of technology, have shown concern and uncertainties about the downside of these technologies and possible problematic and dangerous outcomes for our species.
We aim to impact change. We have the knowledge to equip you with the tools, resources and mindset to navigate your own transformative journey into the future. This is Humanity+s network of members, advisors, associates and partners. Areas include entrepreneurs and innovators in the fields of science, technology, philosophy, and the arts.
Humanity+ is the combined effort of earliest transhumanist organizations and global groups. Starting with Extropy Institute in the United States, and soon thereafter Aleph in Sweden and Transcedo in Europe, later the World Transhumanist Association, now known as Humanity+, have ignited the core advocacy of the life extension advocacy. For over 30 years, Transhumanism as a worldview and movement has developed a knowledge base and educational programs to learn about the sciences and technologies that are extending life, curing disease, and slowing down and reversing the damages of aging.
The pioneering conferences and publications that brought this advocacy to the mainstream also provided the ideas and foresight about life extension while fostering the increasing media coverage of superlongevity aka extreme life extension and radical life extension. No where in the world is there a stronger, more passionate group of people about life extension and the advances in biomedical research and the future of nanomedicine than within the transhumanist culture.
Humanity+ sees its role as a primary advocate for positivetranshumanistvalues. This includes healthy longevity (Extreme Life Extension) and the sciences and technologies that can create a more human humanity. Humanity+ feels that these values and the goals of thetranshumanistagenda are consequential for humanitys well-being. Humanity+wantsto inform its members and the public about the ethical uses of technologyandevidence-based science to advance human existence. The nature and scope ofhumanexistence includes the growth, aspirations, circumstances and conflictsthathumanity faces today and in the future.
Worldwide Leaders and Organizations that are preparing us for the Future are known for exploring opportunities not only within their fields, but on a broader scope. Their intellectual impact helps the forward movement of education and lifelong learning. The broader impact is the ability to connect unique ideas to projects, from the most immediate needs of society to future impacts of technology that implement a keen foresight to steer us toward a positive future. The Humanity+ Advocacy aims to impact change. We have the knowledge to equip you with the tools, resources and mindset to navigate your own transformative journey.
This is Humanity+s network of members, advisors, associates and partners. Areas include entrepreneurs and innovators in the fields of science, technology, philosophy, humanities and the arts.
Technologies that intervene with human physiology for curing disease and repairing injury have accelerated to a point in which they also can increase human performance outside the realms of what is considered to be normal for humans. These technologies are referred to as emerging and speculative and include nanotechnology, nanomedicine, biotechnology, genetic engineering, stem cell cloning, and transgenesis, for example. Other technologies that could extend and expand human capabilities outside physiology include artificial intelligence, artificial general intelligence, robotics, and brain-computer integration, which form the domain of bionics, uploading, and could be used for developing whole body prosthetics. Because these technologies, and their respective sciences, would take the human beyond the normal state of existence, society, including bioethicists and others who advocate the safe use of technology, have shown concern and uncertainties about the downside of these technologies and possible problematic and dangerous outcomes for our species. Natasha Vita-More
The human is a biological animal, which evolved approximately 200,000 years ago as the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans). The Western worlds consensus on what is normal for a human biology, life span, intelligence and psychology established certain precedents. Outside these precedents would mean that a human is subnormal or beyond normal. A person who is afflicted with a physical affliction, a mental condition, or degenerative disease would be considered to be outside the normal range. Likewise, a person who has increased physiological performance or cognitive abilities, or lives beyond the human maximum lifespan of 122-123 years, would be considered outside the normal range. This determination of normal has not kept up with the advances in technology or science.
Human enhancement, both therapeutic and selective, challenges the normal status and aims to expand human capabilities that further human physiological functions and extend the maximum life span. External devices such as smart phones, smart watches, wearable bio monitors, Google glasses, etc. are all expanding human capabilities. In the field of medical technology, the cochlear implant and bionic eyes have broken through the glass ceiling on biological determinism. Regenerative medicine, stem cell therapies, smart prosthetics, genetic engineering, nanomedicine, cryonics, nootropics, neuropharmacology, have already done this.
Transhumanism and the Humanity+ organization do not support anthropocentric hegemony or dogma. Transhumanism as a worldview and Humanity+ as the worlds larges transhumanist organization advocate for awareness and respect for the synergy of life in the varied characteristics and behaviors that comprise the Earths living forms.
Daily, medicine uncovers another way to make us better than well. Peoples illnesses and injuries are not only being healedthey are also being improved. There is nothing intrinsically wrong with aiming to be better than well. However, there are evident concerns and this is where ethical use of technology plays a part. While extending the human maximum life span does not cross these lines, there are other concerns that could affect humanity. Humanity+s focus is on the course of prompting good to great health. Many of our members practice physical fitness (aerobics and anaerobic exercise, Yoga, Pilates, Dance), participate in wellness diets (Paleo, Atkins, CR, vegetarian, vegan), and mental fitness (meditation, visualization, Zen, spirituality, Buddhism, and other practices). Our members also participate in projects such as Quantified Self (QS), entrepreneurial aims, and self-responsibility, paying it forward, and empathy as a way of life.
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Six Approaches to Making Ethical Decisions in Cases of …
Posted: at 6:10 am
One of the most difficult times to make ethical decisions is when there is great uncertainty about what the best decision is, or how to go about achieving that best end. Here I will present six contemporary principles, or risk standards, which are approaches for dealing with uncertainty and risk (discussions of some historical approaches can be found here: Probabilism). I will explain each principle and give examples, then discuss some themes.
A key point of connection between risk standards and ethics is that in riskier situations it often makes sense to use more stringent risk standards, and in the riskiest situations, the most stringent risk standards are more likely to be ethically justifiable. These risk standards might be helpfully connected to the Markkula Centers Framework for Ethical Decision Making when making ethical decisions in uncertain situations.
It is also worth noting that risk tolerance can vary significantly between individuals and between cultures, so it is likely that disagreements will often appear when discussing the ethics of risks. That does not make ethical decision making impossible, it just means that it might be more difficult, and that communication is very important so that all involved groups know and understand what is going on, how, and why.
1) The Prevention Principle takes a highly cautious approach towards ethical decision making because it specifically relates to situations with certainty of negative outcomes. It follows the general rule that prevention is better than cure, and therefore harms ought to be anticipated and pre-empted, rather than experienced and solved later (as in the Polluter Pays Principle).
This principle is generally uncontroversial in cases where cause and effect are clear and certain; it is when it moves towards uncertainty that more controversy appears, and the Precautionary Principle tends to be invoked instead. [1]
Examples: the Prevention Principle would promote placing safety requirements on automobiles (such as seat belts and airbags), since the certainty of accidents across a population is 100%, and it is better to prevent or reduce injuries rather than cope with them afterwards. Similarly, polluting industries might have requirements that require them to reduce or prevent certain types of pollution, as in using flue-gas desulfurization (sulfur dioxide scrubbers) on coal-fired power plants to prevent acid rain.
2) The Precautionary Principle is an approach to risk management and ethical decision making which seeks to prevent possible harms in cases where there is not yet scientific consensus on connections between cause and effect. The approach merely necessitates that there be a plausible scientific connection, not that it be certain. This approach is more likely to avoid damages, since waiting for the damage to occur (and thus establish a connection) is too late.
This is a more stringent risk standard than the prevention principle due to its acceptance of causal uncertainty. Over time, if causation becomes clearer (thereby decreasing uncertainty), this approach could be shifted towards prevention (if the connection is established), dropped (if the connection is not established), or another approach chosen (if the situation remains complicated). [2]
Examples: the Precautionary Principle is standard for the pharmaceutical approval process in most nations, where new medicines are approved slowly, under careful conditions, so as to avoid widespread social harms. Another example includes the responses of some nations towards genetically modified organisms (GMOs), where safety suspicions delayed deployment until more certainty was established.
3) Prudent Vigilance is an approach to risk which seeks to proceed with the potentially risky behavior while remaining vigilant of risks that might be developing or becoming more certain as one proceeds. It seeks to establish processes for assessing likely benefits and risks before, during, and after an undertaking, and continues to evaluate safety and security as technologies develop and diffuse into public and private sectors. [3] Prudent vigilance allows for risk-taking behavior, but with the understanding that ongoing evaluation is necessary. [3, 4]
Examples: Prudent Vigilance was a cornerstone for the United States Obama-era Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, in their 2010 report on the ethics of synthetic biology and other emerging technologies. It has remained a principle for discussion and consideration in this field, and has expanded to a few others, including environmental protection and international relations. [5, 6]
4) The Polluter Pays Principle is a risk standard which permits risk-taking behavior and then, if something goes wrong, assigns clean-up for the harms to those who created the harms. [1] This risk standard is responsive rather than anticipatory, and assumes that risk takers will either self-police (and not make errors), or, if self-policing fails, will be capable of making up for the harms they have produced. Ethically, Polluter Pays values freedom and responsibility, and assumes that, for the most part, people lack the power to significantly affect the future, and that those who can affect the future are meticulously careful, honorable, and benevolent.
Because of growing technological power, this principle is now obsolete in many cases, as damages sometimes can be planetary in scale, long term, and irreversible. In cases where it is difficult to hold entities responsible for their actions, or where damage is too much for them to redress, a more anticipatory strategy makes more sense. Additionally, the complexity of society can make it more likely that unscrupulous entities will not be held accountable.
Examples: the Polluter Pays Principle is at work in any situation where it is assumed that harms can be tolerated, and the agents of that harm held accountable for their actions, typically through legal or legislative recourse. Environmental dumping, even on a small scale, such as littering, sometimes shows this principle in action, as the polluter is typically fined for their misdeed.
5) The Gamblers Principle counsels risk takers to avoid risking damages which, if they occurred, would be ethically unacceptable, ranging up to the largest technological disasters, including global catastrophic and existential risks. Philosophers of technology Hans Jonas and Michael Davis have each advocated this approach, Jonas describing it as forbidding any va banque [go for broke or all in] game in the affairs of humanity, [7] and Davis as dont bet more than you can afford to lose. [8]
Davis describes this principle in more detail: If we (society at its rational best) would reject any plausible benefit in exchange for suffering that harm, we (that part of society making the decision) should, all else equal, rule out any design that risks that harm (however small the probability so long as it is finite). [8] Put another way, if a risk can be voluntarily assumed or declined, then for any unacceptable harm, if the probability is non-zero, then the risk is too high, and is therefore unethical and should not be taken. [9, 10]
This risk standard is focused only on the very largest and worst harms, while ignoring more mundane harms. It is anticipatory in nature towards these larger harms, and responsive in nature towards smaller harms. In this way, it can be viewed as more like the Prevention or Precautionary Principles with respect to larger harms and the Polluter Pays Principle with respect to smaller harms.
Examples: the Gamblers Principle would counsel rejecting the construction of a nuclear power plant, if a meltdown and subsequent radioactive pollution were deemed an unacceptable risk. Another might be the development of self-replicating nanotechnology, which could bring great benefits, but risks consuming the world if weaponized or gone out of control. In other cases, such as car accidents or more average harms, this principle permits the risky behavior and a reactive response if necessary, or it defers to another risk standard.
6) The Proactionary Principle is an approach to risk taking behavior which argues that innovation and technological progress should be pursued with speed. [11] It characterizes the current risk conditions as unacceptably bad (i.e. unethical), and therefore argues that other risks ought to be taken in order to escape the current risky state. It is an approach to risk which emphasizes action now, even in the face of possible negative effects, because if actions are not taken now, then the current unacceptable state will continue, and the future itself may be at stake.
It is optimistic in assuming that the future will be better, despite the risks taken to get there (and any possible ongoing harms from those risks), and is pessimistic about the current state of the world. The Proactionary Principle places faith in the benefits of technological progress. It does not cope well with the most disastrous and irreversible risks of technology, such as existential risks.
Examples: the Proactionary Principle is visible anytime a risk is deemed to be worth the reward, e.g. when taking a new job, buying a house, starting a business, etc. With respect to technological development, it could be used to promote certain technologies such as radical life extension, space settlement, peace-building technologies, and environmental sustainability technologies, arguing that those technologies ought to be developed as quickly as possible, because our current situation is quite dire. Historically, the Manhattan Project followed the Proactionary Principle due to fear of Nazi Germany obtaining the atomic bomb first, and in this effort was pushed forward even as significant scientists worried that it risked igniting the Earths atmosphere and destroying all life. [12, 13]
There are several ethical dimensions at play in these principles. A first is whether they are anticipatory of harms or reactive/responsive to harms. In the past, permitting harms, then reacting to them, was considered to be acceptable in many cases, since harms were often less damaging.
As a second related dimension, there is the question of whether entities can be trusted to make amends for their damages after the fact, or whether they are likely to shirk their responsibilities and go unpunished, thus contributing to social degradation and breakdown of trust. The more likely it is for damages to go unpunished and/or unredressed, the more important it is to prevent them. Given the complex interactions of entities across the globe and over time, and the rise of uncertain causal connections, lack of accountability has increased and is likely to continue to do so.
Relatedly, a third dimension is the magnitude of the harms a stake. As technology has expanded the human capacity for disaster, more need of anticipation and pre-emption has emerged. Irreversible harms such as species extinctions, and harms of massive scale both spatially and temporally, such as climate change, have necessitated new ways of looking at the ethics of risk.
A fourth dimension is the probability or uncertainty of the risk. As technology has expanded human power, it has also increased our scope of action in unpredictable ways, and therefore uncertainty about the effects of our choices has increased. Every new technology deployed is something like a socio-environmental experiment, exploring the world for effects, both anticipated and unanticipated. In this environment of enhanced uncertainty, risk is much harder to calculate, uncertainty much higher, and therefore risk ought to be avoided more carefully.
Combining some of these dimensions is possible through the Risk Equation, often written as Risk = Probability x Harm, or R = p(L), where R is risk, p is probability, and L is loss or harm. The Risk Equation informs several of the above principles and can be a useful interpretative framework for conceptualizing how some aspects of these principles relate to each other.
Lastly, these principles are not presented with the intent of advocating any particular one. Each has its uses, depending on the circumstances. However, it is worth noting that as human impact on the world has increased in past decades (due to technological harms increasing as well as overall uncertainty), societal risk tolerances could have understandably reacted. It may seem that there has been an overall shift towards more risk-averse approaches.
However, perceived in another way, it is merely that the world has changed, while societal risk tolerances have remained even, and these social preferences have gradually expressed a reaction to the shift in power in the techno-social environment. In other words, it is risk that has increased, not risk aversion. In a world where there are more dangerous choices, there is more to say no to, [14] and a greater role for ethics as well.
[1] World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST), The Precautionary Principle (Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 2005) 7-8. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000139578
[2] Precautionary Principle, Glossary of Summaries, EUR-Lex: Access to European Union Law, website, accessed July 6, 2016. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/precautionary_principle.html
[3] Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, New Directions: Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies, Washington, D.C, December 2010, p. 27, 123. Available at: http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/PCSBI-Synthetic-Biology-Report-12.16.10_0.pdf
[4] Amy Gutman, The Ethics of Synthetic Biology: Guiding Principles for Emerging Technologies, The Hastings Center Report (July-August 2011): 17-22. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1552-146X.2011.tb00118.x
[5] Alison McLennan, Chapter 5: Environmental risk: uncertainty, precaution, prudent vigilance and adaptation, in Regulation of Synthetic Biology: BioBricks, Biopunks and Bioentrepreneurs, Elgar Studies in Law and Regulation, by Alison McLennan (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018). Precis available at Elgar Online: https://www.elgaronline.com/abstract/9781785369438/14_chapter5.xhtml?
[6] Keir Giles, Russia Hit Multiple Targets with Zapad-2017, U.S.-Russia Insight, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, January 2018. Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Giles_Zapad_web.pdf
[7] Hans Jonas, The Imperative of Responsibility, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984) 38.
[8] Michael Davis, Three nuclear disasters and a hurricane, Journal of Applied Ethics and Philosophy 4 (August 2012) 8. Available at: https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/50468/1/jaep4-1_micael%20davis.pdf
[9] Brian Patrick Green, Transhumanism and Roman Catholicism: Imagined and Real Tensions, Theology and Science 13:2 (2015): 196.
[10] Brian Patrick Green, Little Prevention, Less Cure: Synthetic Biology, Existential Risk, and Ethics, Workshop on Research Agendas in the Societal Aspects of Synthetic Biology, Tempe, Arizona, November 4-6, 2014. Available at: https://cns.asu.edu/sites/default/files/greenp_synbiopaper_2014.pdf
[11] Max More, The Proactionary Principle, Version 1.0, Extropy.org, 2004. Available at: http://www.extropy.org/proactionaryprinciple.htm
[12] Emil Konopinski, Cloyd Margin, and Edward Teller Ignition of the Atmosphere with Nuclear Bombs, Classified US Government Report (declassified 1979), August 14, 1946. Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00329010.pdf
[13] Daniel Ellsberg, Risking Doomsday I: Atmospheric Ignition, in Daniel Ellsberg The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner, (New York: Bloomsbury, 2017) pp. 274-85.
[14] Brian Patrick Green, The Catholic Church and Technological Progress: Past, Present, and Future. Religions, special issue guest edited by Noreen Herzfeld, 1 June 2017, 8(106): 12. Available at: http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/8/6/106/htm
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MPs in Italy back a new law that would legalise a form of euthanasia – Euronews
Posted: at 6:09 am
Italy has moved a step closer to legalising a form of euthanasia.
MPs voted in favour of a new law -- by 253 votes to 117 with one abstention -- that would allow "voluntary medically assisted death" for ill patients.
The proposed bill would make assisted suicide legal for patients who suffer from an irreversible illness with an "unfortunate prognosis" that causes "absolutely intolerable physical and psychological suffering".
They must also have undergone a palliative treatment process and be maintained alive only with medical treatments.
The law will only allow these patients to end their life with medication under the approved assistance of medical personnel. They must also be of legal age, show capacity of understanding and be adequately informed.
Under Italian law, anyone who helps a person commit suicide faces between five and 12 years in prison.
The new bill follows a ruling from Italy's Constitutional Court in 2019, which said that certain forms of euthanasia should not be illegal.
The court said that assisted suicide would be allowed for terminally ill patients who were suffering from "unbearable" physical or psychological pain and were being kept alive by machines.
The case concerned an activist and former MEP, who had been convicted for helping a quadriplegic citizen die in Switzerland.
But judges had blocked an attempt to hold a referendum on voluntary euthanasia in February and instead that Italian MPs should decide on the matter.
The proposed legislation will now go to Italy's Senate for a vote before it can be passed into law.
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MPs in Italy back a new law that would legalise a form of euthanasia - Euronews
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Preparing for quality of life decisions | Off The Leash | rutlandherald.com – Rutland Herald
Posted: at 6:09 am
Though it also isnt the most uplifting topic, Im going to jump from cancer to euthanasia. While euthanasia is one of the hardest times for owners, the good part is that it is such an easy thing for our pets. I will talk about reaching the decision, how to decide, and then the process of euthanasia.
People often tell me that they think this is the hardest part of my job, but in fact, it is not. The time leading up to euthanasia when we are unable to continue making things better for pets is the hardest for me. We have so many things in our toolkit to help with pain, organ failure, cancers, and general well-being. But there comes a point in time where we cannot improve quality of life even with all of these measures. For me, looking at a beloved pet and knowing that all of my knowledge and experience cant continue to make them feel better is the hardest thing.
I know deciding on euthanasia can seem like an impossible choice for owners. I want to assure you deciding to put a pet to sleep is not giving up on them, it is giving them a gift. For us the days after we lose a pet are heartbreaking. However, our pets are so good at living in the moment that they dont have a concept of tomorrow. All they know is now.
This can be good or bad depending on the situation. But our pets never look outside and think, if only I could live another two months so I could lay in the warm sunshine. They only know how they feel right now. If your pet is struggling with their daily life, giving them more time is often not a gift. That extra time is sometimes needed to help our own hearts come to terms and heal, but it isnt needed for them. If you can give them an amazing day full of petting, love, and their favorite treats then all they know is that they had the best day. They dont know that they wont have another.
I often have owners reflect on their pets favorite things. If your dog loves running, playing Frisbee, or swimming, that can be a hard evaluator. I have a dog who loves running and sunshine, but as she has gotten older she loves sleeping on the couch and snuggles too. It is normal for these evaluations to change as pets age. Is your pet spending the majority of their day doing things they enjoy? Is the majority of their day pain-free? Do they still eat and have enough energy? Can your veterinarian help them feel better or are they at an endpoint? I find that it helps to write this on a calendar or piece of paper so that we can give a more honest evaluation.
Once you have decided that the time has come for euthanasia, the rest is up to us. I often give animals a pre-medication to take a few hours before they come in. This can be especially helpful for pets who dont love traveling or going to the vet. It is very important to me that all euthanasias are done without having the animal wait very long before sedation. They certainly dont know what is happening, but they sense your sadness.
The euthanasia protocol can vary between vets. I will go over what I do. Ive chosen this protocol because it works the best for me but that is not to say that other ones are wrong. I first give an injection that puts your pet under anesthesia. This takes about 10-15 minutes and they slowly go under anesthesia while spending their last peaceful moments with the person they love. Once a pet is completely unconscious we give the final injection to stop their heart. At this point, they are never aware of the injection or the feeling of departing.
Often owners are surprised about how comfortable and calm their pets are as they pass. For me, this is one of the gifts I can give to my beloved patients. If you feel even an inkling that the time is close for your pet, please talk to your veterinarian to make an action plan so it doesnt sneak up on you. The more prepared you are the easier it is.
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5 people who used psychedelics to treat PTSD describe their trips – Business Insider
Posted: at 6:07 am
Editor's note: This article mentions violence, suicidal ideation, and sexual assault.
When Nathan McGee closed his eyes, he felt a wave wash over him. He felt like a curious child.
"It was like pulling back curtains and exploring different avenues or aspects of what was going on inside my head," McGee told Insider.
He'd taken MDMA, a drug that distorts perception and creates feelings of euphoria, as a participant of a clinical trial studying the drug as a therapeutic treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.
McGee, now 44 and living in Colorado, applied for the trial after a doctor diagnosed him with PTSD when he was 40.
Throughout his life, McGee felt overwhelmed, sometimes debilitated, by his emotions. He also experienced depression , anxiety, and suicidal ideation.
"I would be there physically, but mentally I was looking at the world as if I didn't really belong," McGee said.
After three MDMA sessions throughout the trial, McGee said he no longer experiences PTSD symptoms like flashbacks, paralyzing emotions, and disassociation.
A mounting body of research suggests psychedelics like MDMA, psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT have the ability to rewire the brain and relieve anxiety, depression, and other mental health symptoms.
Insider interviewed five people, including McGee, who were diagnosed with or experiencing symptoms of PTSD and had used psychedelic drugs as treatments for their conditions. Psychedelic treatments for PTSD aren't yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but there's growing interest among patients and healthcare providers in using psychedelics as an alternative or last-resort treatment option for their illnesses.
Many of the people Insider spoke to found that after using the substances, they no longer felt PTSD symptoms that had affected their daily lives for years. Those who said they still had symptoms said the experience had improved their lives and mental health.
For this story, Insider reached out to two nonprofit organizations that work with patients with PTSD: the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, which is developing MDMA-based treatments for PTSD, and Heroic Hearts, which works to connect veterans to ayahuasca and psilocybin ceremonies in countries like Mexico, where the practices aren't explicitly illegal.
Three of our five interviewees were veterans, a group that experiences PTSD at extremely high levels compared to civilians, according to data by the US Department of Veteran Affairs.
Some interviewees reported microdosing or otherwise partaking in unsupervised psychedelic experiences. Researchers studying these compounds for medical purposes say that self-medicating with powerful mind-inducing compounds is not without risk.
People tend to underestimate the challenging experiences psychedelics bring to the surface, said Marcela Ot'alora, a principal investigator for MDMA-assisted-therapy research at MAPS.
Ot'alora, who was a co-therapist in the first Spanish government-approved MDMA-assisted therapy study in Madrid, said she's worked with patients who came to her after having harmful psychedelic experiences.
"What we hope for, what we do in our research, is keep people safe," Ot'alora said. That, she said, includes understanding their backgrounds, race, and culture, as well as how trauma has impacted their lives.
Even among more structured trials, an increasing number of participants have begun to speak out about the negative experiences they've had related to their psychedelics experiences. Recently aired episodes of "Power Trip," a podcast from New York Magazine and Psymposia, detailed some of these experiences by MAPS clinical-trial participants.
MAPS, a nonprofit that's authorized by the FDA to study psychedelic treatment, is undertaking phase-three clinical trials of the therapy and believes it's close to receiving FDA approval for the treatment.
MAPS's director of communications, Betty Aldworth, pointed Insider to the organization's safety practices on its website and said that there are many inherent challenges to providing therapy treatments to patients with PTSD.
Aldworth added that MAPS has done and is continuing to do the work "to protect participant safety, and that includes training, oversight, participant education, and creating the conditions for culture of safety."
Here are the experiences of people who used psychedelics to treat their PTSD:
Crystal said her psychedelic experiences with psilocybin and MDMA helped her process sexual trauma. Courtesy of Crystal/Insider
Crystal, a 37-year-old living in North Carolina, wanted to heal childhood and sexual trauma from her 16 years in the military as a special-operations sergeant and medic.
"I got to a point where I literally was too depressed to function while I was still on active duty and I was about to deploy," Crystal told Insider. She requested we not use her last name to protect her family's identity. "I knew that I was going to be a liability for my team."
While on leave in 2018, Crystal's doctor diagnosed her with PTSD. Antidepressants had barely any effect, and she went to a rehab facility for alcohol abuse.
Sobriety helped with suicidal ideation and depression, Crystal said, but she wanted an alternative to antidepressants for her PTSD symptoms. When she heard Dr. Gabor Mate mention ayahuasca, a brew made with DMT, on an episode of "The Tim Ferriss Show" about addiction and ADHD, it led Crystal down a rabbit hole of research.
During a Heroic Hearts retreat in Mexico, Crystal took a combination of psilocybin and MDMA.
As she lay among the other retreat participants, all listening to music while wearing eye masks, Crystal said her body began to shake uncontrollably.
But the feeling was pleasant and felt like it was literally warming her heart. She came away from the experience learning to savor those kinds of stirring physical sensations.
"That was so mind-blowing to me, just being in a space where I didn't have to feel guilty or bad or shameful for anything, but just feel connected," Crystal said.
Many of the participants Insider spoke to said that while their experiences with psychedelics had helped them overcome their PTSD or see growth in their mental well-being, it wasn't a one-and-done solution.
Fei Fei Chen, who worked as a paralegal and combat driver in the military between 2001 and 2005, told Insider that when she went on a retreat with Heroic Hearts in the spring of 2021, she and others had to abide by a strict diet that restricted caffeine, sugar, salt, alcohol, nicotine, or any kind of stimulant.
They also prepared for their trip mentally by journaling, talking in groups, and reflecting on what they wanted out of the experience.
"I think without that part, it wouldn't have been complete," she said.
Chen describes her experience during the ayahuasca ceremony as drifting "in and out of consciousness." When she came to, she said she "felt the medicine was moving inside of me."
First it moved up to her throat, and then it traveled down to her stomach and began to swirl around her pelvis.
"I'm telling you, this thing is alive," she said. "It's a consciousness traveling inside of me. And all I had to do was just be open and stay in a space of like appreciation. My mantra was just like, 'Thank you for healing me, thank you for showing me,' for like four hours."
Chen said she doesn't think psychedelics are a cure-all. Before going on the trip, she did talk therapy for around a year and then worked one-on-one with a coach to make sure she felt ready for the experience.
"I think healing should be multidisciplinary," she said."It's like a buffet of things you shouldn't just eat one thing and hope that it will last forever."
Rudy Gonsior said he turned to psychedelics in 2019 to treat his PTSD. Gonsior, left, swimming with his daughter near his home in Maine. Rudy Gonsior
Rudy Gonsior, 36, a special forces operator of 18 years, told Insider that before going on an ayahuasca retreat in 2019, he had never done any illicit drugs.
"I was pretty much straight-edge all the way through, other than some of the classical experiences with alcohol," he said. "An altered state of mind was something that I've never experienced. So it was kind of a turn into a whole different world for me."
But earlier that year, he began to consider psychedelics as a possible treatment for his PTSD, after experiencing the end of his marriage and an emotional breakdown. He began to bury himself in research that had already been done on psychedelics.
"I was desperate," he said. "It was a real Hail Mary move for me. I didn't feel like I had anything else going for me at that point. I had done traditional talk therapy, I had been offered cornucopia of pharmaceuticals from VA, which I turned down because I saw what it had done to good friends of mine."
Gonsior said he was experiencing classic PTSD symptoms that many veterans go through, like waking up from a dream and feeling like he was still in the midst of combat, becoming aggravated at small things that shouldn't matter, and feeling suffocated and anxious in crowded spaces.
One night, he recalled, he found himself standing nude at his front door in the middle of the night, pistol in hand, because he thought someone was trying to break into his home.
"I had this idea in my head that like I was in Iraq and I was trying to protect my teammates and that basically our position was being overran," he said. "I didn't really come to complete consciousness until my wife at the time came to me as I was standing at the door."
Gonsior traveled with Heroic Hearts to experience ayahuasca ceremonies that he said relieved his service-related PTSD.
"Honestly, I feel really great," he said. "It's allowed me to really change a lot of the ways that I process experiences. I guess it's like having a whole new template to experience things."
Gonsior said he still has memories of combat, but he sees them in a different context.
"The things that occurred in the war, I'm OK with them. They are parts of me that I have grown into and I've been able to actually let them go."
Gonsior joked that there are "entire buckets of vomit" that he left at the retreat because they no longer served him.
"I was told I'm a good purger by the shaman," he said. "Apparently I vomit pretty hard core."
Some participants said that one of the more difficult parts of undergoing such intense experiences is coming back home to everyday life, where it becomes all too easy to slip back into familiar routines, which is why support and reintegration is important.
Lori Tipton, 42, was one of the first people to take part in an FDA-cleared clinical trial of MDMA, organized by MAPS.
Tipton had severe and chronic PTSD and depression as a result of a variety of traumas in her life, including her brother's overdose death, a rape by someone she knew, and coming across three bodies after her mother had killed two people and then herself in a murder-suicide.
MDMA administered in three sessions, prefaced by talk therapy and followed by "integration sessions" made it easier for her to talk about her experiences, Tipton said. As she lay in a room with low lightning and soothing music alongside two trained professionals, Tipton says she felt safe as she talked through some of her traumas.
Tipton says her experience with MDMA worked to put her PTSD in remission.
She wrote a blog about her experience and shared it with her closest friends all of whom were supportive. Her therapist was happy for her, too.
"I think in order for it to be as successful as possible, people have to be supported by their community. You can't just take a person that's been significantly traumatized, go through the therapy, and then put them right back into a traumatic lifestyle," she said.
"That's not going to serve them."
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What is Microdosing, and Does it Work? – The New York Times
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So many of the scientists who pioneered research into full doses of psychedelics have started studying whether a microdose might also be beneficial. But evidence is limited, and experts are divided about how microdosing helps people or if it does at all.
Much of the early research into microdosing has been anecdotal, consisting of enthusiastic survey responses from users who experienced enhanced attention and cognition, feelings of well-being and relief from anxiety and depression. Lab studies of psilocybin and LSD microdoses tend to support these claims, showing improvements in mood, attention and creativity. But these studies have generally been small, and they didnt compare a microdose to a placebo.
You probably only participate at this point in a trial in microdosing if you really have a strong belief that this might help you, said Dr. David Erritzoe, clinical director of the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London. And when people expect to benefit from a drug, they typically do.
The two largest placebo-controlled trials of microdosing were published last year, and they both suggest that the benefits people experience are from the placebo effect. In the studies, volunteers used their own drugs to participate and, unknown to them, received either active doses or a placebo packaged in identical capsules. At the end of several weeks, almost everyones mood and well-being had improved, regardless of what they had taken.
I was initially surprised but also a bit disappointed by the results, because when we set up the study we were quite optimistic that microdosing could have an effect beyond a placebo, said Michiel van Elk, an assistant professor of cognitive psychology at Leiden University in the Netherlands who led one of the trials.
Dr. Erritzoe, who ran the other study, found that the drugs efficacy was tied to users expectations. If they took a placebo but thought it was a microdose, they felt better, and if they had an active dose but wrongly guessed it was a placebo, they did not.
A third placebo-controlled trial, published earlier this month from the University of Chicago, tried to get around user expectations by giving participants four microdoses of LSD over the course of two weeks, but without telling them about the purpose of the study or even what they were taking. Once again, there was no difference between the LSD and placebo groups.
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Bolt’s Breslow Teams With Psychedelics Founder on Crypto Pharma Startup – The Information
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Bolt co-founder Ryan Breslow, who stepped down as the e-commerce software startups CEO after publishing a Twitter rant aimed at powerful Silicon Valley institutions, is taking another stab at startup leadership. This time hes planning to develop drugs initially based on nutraceuticals, food-derived substances that have health benefits, to treat sleep and pain problems.
Breslow has founded the startup, Love Health, with JR Rahn, co-founder of MindMed, a publicly traded developer of psychedelic-based medicines, and Ashwath Rajan, who co-founded Stockwell AI, an ill-fatedvending-machine startup formerly known as Bodega.
The Miami-based company plans to perform clinical trials to seek Food and Drug Administration approval for its drugs, which will focus on solutions to the opioid crisis, said Rahn, who is CEO, in an interview with The Information. Love will eventually expand to pharmaceuticals and has no immediate plans to use psychedelics, he said. In the future, the company may issue a cryptocurrency token to participants in its clinical trials.
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Enveric, University of Calgary to study psychedelic therapy – OutSourcing-Pharma.com
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Enveric Biosciences is partnering with the University of Calgary to study its first-generation psychedelic treatment EVM-101 in patients with cancer-related distress (CRD).
Later this year, the University of Calgary's Hotchkiss Brain Institute, led by Valerie Taylor, the head of its psychiatry department, will work with Enveric to explore the effects of EVM-101 in CRD patients. The study will build on earlier work that suggests psilocybin, the main active ingredient in magic mushrooms, can help people with the condition.
Based on several pilot studies conducted at different academic centers, psilocybin at a dose range of 25-30 mg, in association with support therapy, demonstrated significant benefit in cancer patients with CRD, said Bob Dagher, chief medical officer at Enveric.
A 2018 study found 52% of the 3,724 tested cancer patients had high levels of psychological distress, with fatigue and sleep problems among the most common issues. Other groups have run randomized clinical trials to explore the idea that psilocybin can help alleviate depression and anxiety in cancer patients, generating the data that encouraged Enveric to move its candidate into clinical development.
As in other clinical trials of psychedelic medicines, EVM-101 forms part of a broader therapeutic support package in the study planned by Enveric and the University of Calgary. The psychedelic experience is the centerpiece of a process designed to help patients prepare for and then integrate what happens when they take the therapy.
Cancer participants who enter the EVM101-201 study will receive supportive therapy that includes education on the role of psilocybin on inducing a psychedelic mind-manifesting experience, preparation for the dosing session, support during the dosing day, and post-dose integration therapy to explore the resulting effects on the participant's experience, mental status changes, and symptomatology, said Dagher.
Enveric acquired a library of novel derivative psychedelics molecules last year through its acquisition of MagicMed Industries, a Canadian developer of psychedelic-derived medicinal products. The acquisition followed the spinning off of Enveric from AMERI Holdings.
After spinning off, Enveric initially focused on the use of novel cannabinoid medicines to help patients with the side effects of cancer treatments, later expanding into psilocybin and dimenthyltryptamine with the takeover of MagicMed.
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Psychedelic therapy integral to ancient societies may be coming to Pennsylvania – 90.5 WESA
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In Elido Francisco Jr.s home in Reading, his living room was dimly lit, and soft music played. He had cleared time in his evening to delve deeply into an experience he said changed his life.
Through tears, brief moments of frustration and in-the-moment realizations, Francisco detailed the psychedelic experience he said changed his perspective on his childhood trauma and his life.
I felt so much relief of everything that Ive been holdingit was just like, wow, Francisco said. Then in the moment when I was crying, I was outside of my body looking at myself being empathetic. Its okay, let it go.
He recounted moments of mystical wonder, immense anger and otherworldly peace.
Francisco credits the visuals and sensations he experienced to a compound found in the psychedelic drugs such as the South American brew Ayahuasca and psilocybin, or magic mushrooms.
But Francisco emphasizes his experience was transformational not just because of the substances he ingested, but because he was guided through his trauma by trained professionals through two nights of shamanic group therapy.
The use of psychedelics as aids in mental health is gaining momentum in the clinical arena, and some elected officials and advocates in Pennsylvania are pushing for more insight on how powerful drugs can help people heal.
Republican state Rep. Tracy Pennycuick of Montgomery County is an army veteran who has PTSD from three combat tours in the middle east.
Last year, after learning of the positive effects it has had for other veterans, Pennycuick introduced House Bill 1959, which would allow the Department of Health to oversee at least two facilities to grow psilocybin mushrooms in the state for use in the clinical studies.
Why wouldnt we be on the cutting edge of technology here in Pennsylvania? Pennycuick said. That, to me, is an opportunity that I think can be groundbreaking.
It would prioritize studies that focus on veterans, retired first responders and their families.
The bill has bipartisan support with more than 20 co-sponsors, but has sat in the House Health committee. Pennycuick expects the bill to come up for a House vote within the next two months.
We owe it to [veterans] to look for new and innovative treatments for PTSD; we have to do it, Pennycuick said, noting that mushrooms are already a huge industry in the commonwealth.
The use of these sorts of drugs appear to be on the frontiers of mental health treatment in Pennsylvania. But psychedelic assisted healing isnt anything new, especially for the native people that many Latinos hail from, according to therapist Victor Cabral.
Im talking about our indigenous ancestors from the continent of Africa, or from the Caribbean, or from South America, and their use of these medicines over thousands of years, to heal their communities to be in balance with nature, etcetera, Cabral said. Thats usually a good way to start to explain what is the purpose of these medicines, what is their origin, and I think that opens up the conversation a little bit more.
Cabral recently stepped down as deputy director of Gov. Tom Wolfs office of advocacy and reform, where he spent around two years working to make Pennsylvania a state that allows healing centers, among other initiatives.
Cabral is also a social worker and certified in therapies using MDMA and ketamine, which are already permitted in the state.
The therapies do not rely on heavy or even regular use of the drugs. Instead, patients take the drugs around three times over as many months paired with conversation and other sessions with therapists.
Cabral notes there are several barriers in getting Black and Brown men to participate in therapy at all, let alone ones with powerful mind-expanding drugs.
Part of our colonization as Latinos, and even Black and Brown communities, is that we were taught that our ancestral traditions and our cultural traditions and beliefs and spirituality were tied to demonic black magic, evil things, Cabral said. So, anything that doesnt fit the mold of the religions that we were handed by our colonizers usually gets the response of, this is something bad.
He is also working on a documentary about the power and utility of psychedelic therapy.
Cabral has said culturally informed therapy helped him and others overcome specific, nuanced trauma that comes with being a male of color, raised in an urban setting or being burdened with the pressure of becoming a first generation success story in a family of immigrants.
Francisco himself is a social worker who works in a behavioral health hospital with people who are often in the most difficult points of their lives.
He said his psychedelic experience has made him more compassionate and helped him empathize with himself and others.
I have moments like that with these individuals that are so pristine, enlightenment, its beautiful, Francisco said. That also brings healing to myself, if I could connect with individuals that are under a manic state of psychosis.
Francisco said the abuse and neglect he experienced as a child could have manifested in harmful ways. But he said is grateful to have been guided through transformative psychedelic treatment.
A lot of us males need to heal not through savagery but through tears and hugs and love, he said.
And, he said, sometimes you need to pass through dark and intimidating doorways to find resolution and peace.
Read more from our partners, WITF.
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