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Daily Archives: March 6, 2022
Sen. Lindsey Graham’s apparent call for Putin to be assassinated draws backlash – NPR
Posted: March 6, 2022 at 9:43 pm
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., seen here in December 2021, has drawn criticism from other lawmakers after making comments that Russian President Vladimir Putin should be assassinated by someone in his country. Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images hide caption
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., seen here in December 2021, has drawn criticism from other lawmakers after making comments that Russian President Vladimir Putin should be assassinated by someone in his country.
Sen. Lindsey Graham's suggestion that Russians should assassinate President Vladimir Putin has drawn the ire of Republicans and Democrats concerned over the war in Ukraine.
"Is there a Brutus in Russia? Is there a more successful Colonel Stauffenberg in the Russian military?" the South Carolina Republican asked in a tweet.
Roman Emperor Julius Caesar was assassinated by Brutus and others in the Rome Senate on the Ides of March. Graham was also referring to German Lt. Col. Claus von Stauffenberg, who tried to kill Adolf Hitler in the summer of 1944.
"The only way this ends is for somebody in Russia to take this guy out. You would be doing your country - and the world - a great service," Graham said.
Asked about the remarks during the White House news briefing on Friday afternoon, press secretary Jen Psaki said, "That is not the position of the United States government and certainly not a statement you'd hear come from the mouth of anybody working in this administration."
Among lawmakers concerned over Graham's suggestion were Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., and Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas.
"I really wish our members of Congress would cool it and regulate their remarks as the administration works to avoid WWlll. As the world pays attention to how the US and it's leaders are responding, Lindsey's remarks and remarks made by some House members aren't helpful," Omar tweeted.
"This is an exceptionally bad idea," Cruz tweeted in response to Graham's remarks. "Use massive economic sanctions; BOYCOTT Russian oil & gas; and provide military aid so the Ukrainians can defend themselves. But we should not be calling for the assassination of heads of state."
Graham made similar remarks on television Thursday night.
Assassination during military conflict is specifically forbidden by the Lieber Code, which President Abraham Lincoln issued as a general order for U.S. forces in 1863.
Section IX of the code states that the laws of war forbid declaring a member of a hostile force or a citizen or subject of a hostile government to be an outlaw "who may be slain without trial."
"Civilized nations look with horror upon offers of rewards for the assassination of enemies as relapses into barbarism," according to the Lieber Code, which underpins international conventions on warfare.
Graham's remarks drew wide attention and criticism. In response, U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson's office said he believes Putin should be held responsible for any war crimes committed, citing an investigation by the International Criminal Court.
The senator's communications director, Kevin Bishop, sought to clarify his comments.
Graham "also expressed he was okay with a coup to remove Putin as well," Bishop said. "Basic point, Putin has to go," he said, adding that the Russian people should find the "off ramp" to the international crisis.
A version of this story originally appeared in the Morning Edition live blog.
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Sen. Lindsey Graham's apparent call for Putin to be assassinated draws backlash - NPR
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Putins Other Nuclear Threat – The Wall Street Journal
Posted: at 9:43 pm
Tactical and strategic weapons arent the only nuclear threat from Russias invasion of Ukraine. That became clear last Friday with the predawn attack on Europes largest nuclear power plantthe Zaporizhzhya plant in Enerhodar. Russian troops shelled the facility, sparking a fire in the plants administrative facility that set off alarms around the world. The blaze didnt affect the six reactors or stored spent fuel, and Russian forces occupied the plant without any radiation leak.
We survived the night that could have put an end to history, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said. The attack removed any doubt that Vladimir Putin is willing to risk nuclear catastrophe. If Ukraine loses the capacity to secure and protect fuel rods, waste and other radioactive material at its civilian nuclear power plants, it will threaten the environment, safety and public health well beyond Ukraines borders. Western powers need to be mindful of that danger as they consider how to respond to Moscows aggression against Ukraine.
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TikTok suspends new content and livestreaming in Russia after Putin signs ‘fake news’ law – Fox Business
Posted: at 9:43 pm
World Bank President David Malpass, in a wide-ranging interview on Cavuto: Coast-to-Coast, provides insight into the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
TikTok joined the corporate exodus from Russia on Sunday as the Chinese-owned social media platform announced it is suspending new content and livestreaming in the country after Putin signed a "fake news" law on Friday.
The new law calls for up to 15 years in prison for anyone who spreads news that is deemed "fake" by the Kremlin, such as calling Russia's war against Ukraine an "invasion" instead of the Putin-approved "special military operation."
TikTok said it is suspending new content on the app in Russia while they "review the safety implications of this law." In-app messaging is still available in the meantime.
"We will continue to evaluate the evolving circumstances in Russia to determine when we might fully resume our services with safety as our top priority," the company said in a statement Sunday.
In this photo illustration a TikTok logo is displayed on a smartphone. (Photo Illustration by Omar Marques/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
The new law adds to a growing crackdown on independent news outlets and social media platforms in Russia.
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Russia's state communications watchdog Roskomnadzor blocked Facebook on Friday, accusing the platform of "discrimination" against Russian media after its parent company, Meta, blocked RT, Sputnik, and other state-controlled Russian media outlets.
"Soon millions of ordinary Russians will find themselves cut off from reliable information, deprived of their everyday ways of connecting with family and friends and silenced from speaking out," Nick Clegg, Metas president of global affairs, said in response.
This combination of photos shows logos for social media platforms Facebook and Twitter. (AP Photo/File)
Twitter was also blocked this week in Russia after Roskomnadzor accused the platform of failing to delete content banned by Russian authorities.
Earlier this week, Russian authorities blocked two independent news outlets, Ekho Moskvy and Dozhd TV, over the publication of "false information regarding the actions of Russian military personnel as part of a special operation."
Several foreign news outlets, including the BBC, Voice of America, and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, were also blocked this week.
The Netflix logo is seen on the Netflix, Inc. building on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. (ROBYN BECK/AFP via Getty Images)
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Streaming giant Netflix also said it would suspend service in Russia on Sunday after previously refusing to broadcast Russian propaganda channels.
"Russia is engaged in an unprovoked war on Ukraine. At home, the Kremlin is engaged in a full assault on media freedom and the truth, and Moscows efforts to mislead and suppress the truth of the brutal invasion are intensifying," State Department spokesperson Ned Price said this week.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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Poutine not Putin: classic Quebec dish off the menu in France and Canada – The Guardian
Posted: at 9:43 pm
Vladimir Putins decision to invade Ukraine has prompted demonstrations around the world, with hundreds of thousands taking to the streets to condemn the war.
But anger towards the Russian leader has also ensnared an unlikely casualty: a French-Canadian delicacy of potato fries, cheese curds and gravy.
Poutine, the famous dish, shares its name in French with the maligned Russian president. And as Putin becomes the target of protest, so too has one restaurant that sells the dish.
Maison de la Poutine, with restaurants in both Paris and Toulouse, said it has received insults and threats following Russias invasion of Ukraine.
Our dish was born in Quebec in the 1950s. And the stories to tell its origin are numerous. But one thing is certain: poutine was created by passionate cooks who wanted to bring joy and comfort to their customers, the company tweeted.
The House of Poutine has worked since its first day to perpetuate these values and today brings its most sincere support to the Ukrainian people who are courageously fighting for their freedom against the tyrannical Russian regime.
The row follows a decision by a Quebec-based diner to pull the name from the menu.
Le Roy Jucep, which claims to be the birthplace of poutine in the 1950s, said it was distancing itself from the name, instead describing itself as the inventor of the fries-cheese-gravy.
Dear clients, Tonight the Jucep team decided to temporarily retire the word P**tine from its trademark in order to express, in its own way, its profound dismay over the situation in Ukraine, the diner recently wrote on Facebook, before pulling the post.
The name of the dish is widely believed to come from the a French-Canadian pronunciation of the English word pudding to describe the mushy medley.
In English, differences in pronunciation mean that there can be little overlap with the Russian leaders name. But the French transliteration of Putin already tweaked to avoid confusion with the expletive putain has left ample room for crossed wires.
People, please stop confusing Putin and poutine, tweeted one user. One is a dangerous and unwholesome mix of greasy, lumpy and congealed ingredients, the other is a delicious food.
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Poutine not Putin: classic Quebec dish off the menu in France and Canada - The Guardian
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Putin miscalculated if he thinks West will move on after Ukraine invasion: ambassador – Global News
Posted: at 9:43 pm
Russian President Vladimir Putin has made a miscalculation if he thinks the West will move on from his unprovoked invasion of Ukraine,says Canadas ambassador to the sovereign democracy.
In an interview with The West Block guest host Eric Sorenson, Larisa Galadza spoke from Poland where the ambassador and Canadas diplomatic staff are operating amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Galadza and the Canadian embassy staff had been based in Kyiv before relocating to the western Ukrainian city of Lviv as the invasion began, and subsequently left the country for Poland.
Its like a sea of humanity. Its people standing in lineups, many of them on foot, but a lot of them are still in cars coming over the border, Galadza said in describing Ukrainians fleeing their country.
She said any assumptions on the part of Putin that the West will move on or get over his invasion of Ukraine is just another miscalculation.
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Its not the first miscalculation, I think, that Russia has made, she added.
The response that were seeing from our like-minded governments, the response that were seeing from Ukrainians themselves, is unprecedented.
Some 1.2 million Ukrainians have been forced to flee as a result of the first land war on the European continent since the Second World War. Thousands of others have chosen to remain in order to fight with the Ukrainian resistance pushing back against the Russian advance.
Scores are now dead, the exact numbers still hazy amid the fog of Russian shelling and destruction.
The United Nations said as of Tuesday it had tracked 752 civilians injured or killed in Ukraine. Of that number, 227 were civilian deaths 15 of those children.
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However, the UNs high commissioner for human rights warned that the real figures will be far higher, since numerous other casualties are pending confirmation, and information from some areas engaged in intense hostilities has been delayed.
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Most civilian casualties were caused by the use of heavy artillery, multi-launch rocket systems and airstrikes in populated areas, with concerning reports of use of cluster munitions striking civilian targets, said Michelle Bachelet.
Massive damage to residential buildings has been inflicted.
French President Emmanuel Macron said last week that conversations with Putin indicate he has no plans to stop until he has invaded the whole of Ukraine, raising fresh questions about what the West is willing to do if the sanctions fail to stop the continued invasion.
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If NATO and the rest of the world is not going to intervene in a way that will turn around what Russia is doing, should Ukrainians be expected to just carry on as long as possible, dying in great numbers before this is over? Sorenson asked.
Ukrainians are doing what they need to do for the moment, knowing that all the systems in the world are working to support them, said Galadza. Everyone is doing what they need to do and for the moment, that means that Ukrainians inside Ukraine need to put up the fight of their lives.
The violence has sparked calls from the Ukrainian government to call for a NATO no-fly zone something NATO leaders, as well as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, have ruled out due to the fact enforcing one would mean shooting down Russian jets.
Experts say the overwhelming concern behind the refusal to implement a no-fly zone or send troops to aid Ukraine is about what would happen in the event a NATO soldier killed a Russian one.
Keeping that conflict short of a nuclear confrontation would be very difficult, said Dani Belo, a PhD candidate and fellow at Carleton Universitys Norman Patterson School of International Affairs.
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Putin has repeatedly raised the threat of nuclear strikes in warnings to the West not to intervene.
Trudeau acknowledged on Monday that G7 and NATO leaders have discussed concerns about the potential of Putin acting on that threat. Those comments, though, came just days before Russian troops attacked and seized control of Europes largest nuclear power plant.
The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations said on Friday that it was only by the grace of God that the world narrowly averted a nuclear catastrophe from the attack.
2022 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.
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Putins Character Was Clear Long Before He Retreated to the Far End of the Table – Vanity Fair
Posted: at 9:43 pm
Today, the world sees Vladimir Putin from a distance, isolated at the end of a very long table. When I first met him, in September 2000, he was at a very different table, in a private room at New Yorks 21 Club, at a dinner hosted by Tom Brokaw for 20 or so media luminaries. Brokaw had interviewed the recently elected Russian president for NBC a few months earlier. I was invited because I had just closed a lengthy profile of Putin for Vanity Fair, and also because my late husband, Tim Russert, was the anchor of NBCs Meet the Press.
The number one topic was why Putin had not interrupted his vacation when the Russian Kursk submarine sank, killing all 118 crew members. By then, Russians were fed up with years of his predecessor Boris Yeltsins often drunken antics, and Putin had quickly sought to impose order and restore government control over two media empires that were ruled by oligarchs he considered too independent. He was already making moves to eventually crush them. Hed also installed ruthless former KGB officials in key geographic super zones to supervise the unruly Russian parliament. Putin himself had won the presidency in no small part by promising to brutally eliminate separatists who had fought back in Chechnya, not entirely dissimilar to how the Ukrainians are fighting back today.
My head stuffed with facts about Russia after months of reporting out my Vanity Fair story, I immediately raised my hand when Brokaw said Putin would answer some questions. We had a back and forth about press freedoms that ended with Putin finally saying, Who are you? Where are you from? Why did you not come to me personally to ask me these questions? I pointed to his spokesman at the time, Alexey Gromov, sitting nearby. I have been trying for four months to interview you and he always said no.
A few months earlier, in June 2000, I had been present when President Bill Clinton, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and Clintons chief of staff, John Podesta, met Putin for the first time for bilateral talks on U.S.-Russian relations. The confab took place in the grand St. George Hall of the Kremlin, which had been freshly refurbished in Tsarist splendor. Clinton, who was buddies with Yeltsin, began a smiley, rambling talk that appeared mostly content-free. Meanwhile, the unsmiling Putin, who was very much prepared, sat by himself at his own table, dressed in a yellow-beige suit that matched both his complexion and demeanor. As Clinton went on, Putin, who slumped inattentively in his chair, began to drum his fingertips on the tabletop. Then they all retired to a smaller room with a conventional conference table, where some of us in the press were allowed to glimpse Putin presenting a bouquet of flowers to the American ambassador on his birthday. Later, at a carefully vetted press conference, Western journalists and Russian journalists sat apart and each group was allowed exactly four questions that had been submitted and chosen beforehand.
Going to St. Petersburg a few days later to research Putins origins, I learned about two qualities that defined him: the price he put on loyalty, and his reverence for the motherland, which was fueled by a deep resentment for the humiliation that he and his close circle of former KGB agents believed had been visited upon them by the U.S. and the West after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Shock therapy was the informal name of U.S. policy toward Russia in the 1990s. It was perpetrated by a group of Harvard professors led by Jeffrey Sachs and Andrei Shleifer, who were mentored by Larry Summers. Vice President Al Gore oversaw its implementation. The idea was to quickly replace the state-run economy with a free market one, but in practice the sudden removal of price controls and subsidies sparked hyperinflation, wiping out the savings of millions of ordinary Russians, and even causing starvation in some places.
I witnessed the hardship myself when I made my first reporting trip to Russia for Vanity Fair, in 1994, to chronicle the rise of the bernationalist politician and white supremacist Vladimir Zhirinovsky, who I discovered had been secretly sponsored by the ever-powerful intelligence services to siphon votes off from Yeltsin. Zhirinovsky sat down with me in front of a map of the world and circled the old Soviet empire, then blithely drew an arrow straight down through Iran and wrote across 11 time zones, Russia. This belongs to us, he said. The U.S. can have North and South America, Europe can have Africa.
When the Soviet Union fell, the KGB was never dissolved, just halved into domestic and foreign branches. The domestic branch was rechristened the FSB. Putin is not a democrat, I was told in St Petersburg. Do you know what dermocracy is in Russia? In Russian, dermo means crap. I also learned that Putin, the only surviving child of working-class parents, came from a family that hates democracy. Indeed, Putins grandfather worked as a cook for Stalin. In his youth, the slight, 135-pound Volodya first gained recognition as a judo champion, renowned among his teammates for his ability to throw men twice his weight through cunning and surprise.
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More than 4,300 people arrested at anti-war protests across Russia – The Guardian
Posted: at 9:43 pm
More than 4,300 people have been arrested after demonstrators took to the streets in 21 Russian cities to condemn Vladimir Putins invasion of Ukraine, while protesters in Kazakhstan have followed suit, turning out in large numbers to chant No to war and Putin is a dickhead.
The independent monitoring group OVD-Info which has already logged more than 7,500 anti-war protest arrests said it had documented the detentions of at least 4,366 people in 53 cities including Vladivostok and Irkutsk. Opposition activists also posted videos showing protests in other cities.
The screws are being fully tightened essentially we are witnessing military censorship, Maria Kuznetsova, OVD-Infos spokesperson, told Reuters. We are seeing rather big protests today, even in Siberian cities where we only rarely saw such numbers of arrests.
Russias interior ministry said earlier that police had detained about 3,500 people, including 1,700 in Moscow, 750 in St Petersburg and 1,061 in other cities.
The jailed Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny had called for protest across Russia and the rest of the world after the Russian invasion, which began on 24 February. But Russias interior ministry warned on Saturday that any attempt to hold unauthorised protests would be prevented and the organisers held to account.
Independent reporting from Russia has become increasingly difficult since Friday, when the government cracked down on news outlets by passing a law that made the intentional spreading of fake or false news about the war in Ukraine a criminal offence punishable by jail terms of up to 15 years.
A video posted on social media showed a protester on a square in the far eastern city of Khabarovsk shouting No to war how are you not ashamed? before being arrested by two police officers. Police also used loudspeakers to tell a small group of protesters in the city: Respected citizens, you are taking part in an unsanctioned public event. We demand you disperse. Reuters was not able to independently verify the post.
Videos posted on social media showed about 2,000 people had attended an anti-war protest in Kazakhstans biggest city, Almaty.
Activists put blue and yellow balloons in the hand of a Lenin statue towering over the small square where the rally took place, and the crowd shouted slogans such as No to war and Putin is a dickhead while waving Ukrainian flags.
Although Putin has sought to depict the invasion as a special military operation to defend Russian-speaking communities against persecution in Ukraine, his claims have been overwhelmingly rejected both abroad and by some in Russia.
Because of Putin, Russia now means war for many people, Navalny said on Friday. That is not right: it was Putin and not Russia that attacked Ukraine.
On Sunday the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdoan, urged Putin to declare a ceasefire in Ukraine, open humanitarian corridors and sign a peace agreement.
In a statement released after a hourlong phone call between the two leaders, the Turkish presidency said Erdoan had told Putin that Turkey was ready to contribute to a peaceful resolution of the conflict.
President Erdoan renewed his call of: Lets pave the way for peace together, his office said. Erdoan emphasised the importance of taking urgent steps to achieve a ceasefire, open humanitarian corridors and sign a peace agreement.
Despite the international condemnation and sanctions that have met the military attack, Putins approval ratings have jumped in Russia since the invasion, according to Moscow-based pollsters.
Putins rating rose six percentage points to 70% in the week to 27 February, according to the state pollster VTsIOM. The pollster FOM, which conducts research for the Kremlin, said Putins rating had risen seven percentage points to 71% in the same week.
Reuters contributed to this report.
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Russia – Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Posted: at 9:42 pm
Russia (Russian: ), officially called the Russian Federation (Russian: )[12] is a country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with a population of about 146.7 million people. It is the most populous country in Europe, and Moscow is its capital city, which is also Yekaterinburg is its the largest city in Europe. Russia's official language is Russian, the most spoken language in Europe, as well as the most widely spoken Slavic language. This is the largest country in the world, covering most of its inhabitable landmass, followed by Canada, the United States, and China.
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Russia shares land borders with 16 countries, in both Europe and Asia: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It has links with 16 seas, and 3 oceans; and is the country the most land borders in the world.
The Eastern Orthodox Church is the largest religion in Russia.
Russia is a very large and diverse country. From 1922 to 1991, it used to be the main part of the Soviet Union. It was a country based on Communism, but today its government is a federal semi-presidential republic. It has elements of democracy. The President is chosen by direct election, but challenging candidates do not have access to the mass media, although they have full access to social media, internet news websites, and international media, and election results match domestic, international, and exit polling. Its current President is Vladimir Putin. The President rules the country, and the Russian Parliament plays a secondary role.
At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800sqmi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's eighth most populous nation with 140million people as of 2022. Russia produces a lot of energy made from oil and natural gas.[13]
Extending from eastern Europe across the whole of northern Asia, Russia spans eleven time zones and has a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources,[14] and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas in the world.[15][16] Russia has the world's largest forest reserves,[17][18] and its lakes contain about one-quarter of the world's fresh water.[19]
Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic. It has a president and a parliament.[20] Russia consists of 85 federal subjects (territorial units). All subjects of the federation shall be equal. All entities are subject to uniform federal law. Subjects of the federation have two representatives in the parliament. Subjects of the Russian Federation do not have a right to secession from it. Important issues are decided by the Federation President; lesser powers are given to the member republics.
At the end of the twentieth century, Russia experienced many political changes. Some people fought to leave the federation.
Elections are held at all levels. According Steve White, the present government made it clear that they had no plans of making a "second edition" of the American or British political system, but rather a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions.[21] Richard Sakwa wrote that the Russian government is considered legitimate by the majority of the Russian people. It seeks to deliver a set of public goods without trying to fit to extra-democratic logic to achieve them. Whether the system is becoming less autocratic (dictatorial) is debatable.[22]
There are four big political parties in Russia. United Russia ( ) is the biggest party.
The United Russia is the ruling party, which supports the government. The other parties in the Duma (Russian parliament) do not criticize the government strongly, for fear of losing their places in the Duma. Many opposition parties, such as the People's Freedom Party and the Other Russia, have been unable to register due to the strict rules. In the 2000s the government led a war in Chechnya, and in the process, civil liberties and independent media were restricted. Corruption is widespread and human rights, especially in the North Caucasus, are frequently violated. In 2008 Putin's government was in a war with Georgia in a dispute over a region with many ethnic Russians.
The roots of Russia's history began when the East Slavs formed a group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[23] The Vikings and their descendants founded the first East Slavic state of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century. They adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988.[24] This form of Christianity influenced Russian culture greatly.[24] Kievan Rus' eventually broke up and the lands were divided into many small feudal states. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow. This area served as the main force in later Russian unification and the fight against the Golden Horde from Asia. Moscow slowly gained control of the regions around it and took over the cultural and political life of Kievan Rus'.
In the 18th century, the nation had expanded through conquest, annexation and exploration to become the Russian Empire, the third-largest empire in history. It stretched from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth eastward to the Pacific Ocean and Alaska. The empire was ruled by an emperor called the Tsar.
Peter the Great ruled Russia from 1689 until 1725. Peter moved the capital from Moscow to a new city named Saint Petersburg. He made Russian society more modern in many ways. The government began building ships for the Russian navy.
The Russo-Japanese War started in 1904 and ended in 1905 with Japan winning the war. The Russian defeat was one of the reasons for later revolutions.
In October 1917, the Bolsheviks (later called "Communists"), influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, took over the country and murdered the Tsar and other people who stood against them. Once they took power, the Bolsheviks, under Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, created the first Marxist Communist State.
From the 1920s to the 1950s, Josef Stalin ruled as an absolute dictator of Soviet Russia, and destroyed anything and anyone that was against his rule, including taking the property of farmers and shopkeepers. Many millions of people starved and died in the resulting famines. Stalin also removed, or "purged", all military personnel who were not loyal to him, and many were killed or sent to prison camps, or gulags, for many years. Even in the gulags, many prisoners died.
Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany agreed not to attack each other in 1939. In June 1941, Germany broke the agreement and attacked in Operation Barbarossa. The attack was part of World War II. The war lasted in Europe until May 1945, and Russia lost more than 20 million people during that time. In spite of this large loss, Russia was one of the winners of the war and became a world superpower.
From 1922 to 1991, Russia was the largest part of the Soviet Union, or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). People sometimes used the name "Russia" for the whole Soviet Union, or sometimes "Soviet Russia". Russia was only one of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. The republic was in fact named the "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" (RSFSR).
The Soviet Union fell apart in the early 1990s. Russia took over the place of the USSR in the United Nations (UN).
Boris Yeltsin was made the President of Russia in June 1991, in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. Wide-ranging reforms took place, including privatization and free trade laws.[25] Radical changes "(shock therapy) were recommended by the United States and International Monetary Fund.[26] A major economic crisis followed. There was 50% decline in GDP and industrial output between 199095.[25][27]
The privatization largely shifted control of enterprises from state agencies to individuals with inside connections in the government system. Many of the newly rich businesspeople took billions in cash and assets outside of the country .[28] The depression of state and economy led to the collapse of social services. Millions went into poverty, from 1.5% level of poverty in the late Soviet era to 3949% by mid-1993.[29] The 1990s saw extreme corruption and lawlessness, the rise of criminal gangs and violent crime.[30]
The 1990s had many armed conflicts in the North Caucasus. There were both local ethnic battles and separatist Islamist insurrections. Since the Chechen separatists declared independence in the early 1990s, a Chechen War was fought between the rebel groups and the Russian military. Terrorist attacks against civilians caused hundreds of deaths. The most notable of these were the Moscow theater hostage crisis and Beslan school siege.
Russia took responsibility for settling the USSR's external debts, even though its population made up just half of the population of the USSR at the time of its dissolution.[31] High budget deficits caused the 1998 Russian financial crisis[32] and resulted in further GDP decline.[25]
On 31 December 1999 President Yeltsin resigned, or quit being the president. The job of president was given to the recently appointed Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin. Putin then won the 2000 presidential election. Putin stopped the Chechen rebellion quickly, but violence still occurs in the Northern Caucasus at times.
High oil prices and initially weak currency followed by increasing domestic demand, consumption and investments has helped the economy grow for nine straight years. This improved the standard of living and increasing Russia's influence on the world stage. While many reforms made during the Putin presidency have been criticized by Western nations as un-democratic,[33] Putin's leadership led to stability, and progress. This won him widespread popularity in Russia.[34]
On 2 March 2008, Dmitry Medvedev was elected President of Russia, whilst Putin became Prime Minister. Putin returned to the presidency following the 2012 presidential elections, and Medvedev was appointed Prime Minister.
Russia's capital and biggest city is Moscow. The second biggest city is Saint Petersburg, which was the capital of Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Cities in Russia with more than one million people are, in order:
The most western point of Russia is near Kaliningrad, formerly named Knigsberg. The most eastern point of Russia is Diomid island, 35km from Chukotka (Russia) and 35 kilometres (22mi) from Alaska (USA). The most southern point is in Caucasus, on the border with Azerbaijan. The most northern point is on Franz Josef Land archipelago in Arctic Ocean, 900 kilometres (560mi) from the North Pole.
Russia has a population of 142 million citizens. Most people (73.7%) live in cities. The population decreased by 5 million people since the fall of the Soviet Union. The current population growth is close to zero, and the population went down by 0.085% in 2008.
Russia's area is about 17 million square kilometers (6.5 million sq. mi.). It is the largest country in the world.[35] Its population density is about 8.3 people per square kilometer (21.5 per sq. mi.). This is among the lowest country densities in the world. The population is most dense in the European part of the country, centering around Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Siberia has a very low density.
The main religion in Russia is the Russian Orthodox Church. It is one of the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
World-renowned composers of the 20th century included Alexander Scriabin, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, and Dmitri Shostakovich. Russia has produced some of the greatest pianists: Anton Rubinstein, Vladimir Horowitz and Vladimir Ashkenazy are among the all-time greats.
Russian composer Tchaikovsky created famous ballets such as The Nutcracker. The impressario Sergei Diaghilev was responsible for the development of ballet in the early 20th century with the Ballets Russes. Dance companies at the Mariinsky Theatre and the Bolshoi Ballet produced many famous dancers.[36]
Russians have contributed many famous works of literature.[37] Alexander Pushkin is considered a founder of modern Russian literature. He was a poet from the 19th century.[38]
Other famous poets and writers of the 19th century were Anton Chekhov, Mikhail Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Gogol (he was born in what is now Ukraine, but during his lifetime Ukraine was a part of Russia), Ivan Turgenev and Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky are considered by many people to be two of the greatest novelists ever.[39][40] Three Russians won the Nobel Prize for Literature in the 20th century: Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965) and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1980). Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita was also a novel of the highest quality.
Soccer, ice hockey and basketball are among the most popular sports. Boxing, gymnastics, weightlifting, and tennis are also popular sports. Track suits are popular clothing items for many Russians. Sports people to gain world fame include former tennis world number one Maria Sharapova, who has won three Grand Slam titles, and was the world's highest paid female athlete in 2008.[41]
Since the 1952 Olympic Games, Soviet and later Russian athletes are in the three in gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics. The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow while the 2014 Winter Olympics were hosted in Sochi.
For the 2018 Winter Olympics which were held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, a lot of athletes could not compete because the International Olympic Committee found out they had been doping. Those who were not caught doping were able to play in the 2018 Olympics under the title of "Olympic Athletes from Russia", and they took home two gold medals, including one in ice hockey.[42][43]
Chess is the main intellectual sport in Russia. In the 20th century there were nine Russian World Chess Champions, more than all other nations combined.
Notes
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Russia seizes Ukraine nuclear plant – msnbc.com
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Russia gains ground in Ukraine after seizing Europes largest nuclear plant. It comes as NBC News learns about 92% of amassed Russian military is now inside Ukraine. Meantime, the U.N. confirms at least 1.2 million people have fled the country, worsening the humanitarian crisis. Plus, President Zelenskyy plans to hold a virtual meeting with the U.S. Senate on Saturday.March 5, 2022
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Ukrainian Parliament member describes the 'unimaginable pain' of the invasion04:47
TikTok suspends livestreams, uploads from Russia04:53
Zelenskyy urges Western leaders for most support01:28
U.S. in talks to boost Ukrainian defenses and ban Russian oil02:09
Senior defense official: 95% of Russian forces amassed at border now inside Ukraine01:41
NYT photojournalist describes moment Russian mortar hit family in front of her05:15
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As Biden predicts Russia will invade, U.S. rushes weapons …
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It was chilly in Geneva on Thursday morning, and there was no reason to think the talks between the top diplomats from the U.S. and Russia the following day would be any warmer. Tension between the two global powers continues to rise, with President Biden saying on Wednesday that it was his "guess" Russian President Vladimir Putin would use the roughly 100,000 forces he has massed along the border to "move in" to Ukraine.
"He has to do something," Mr. Biden said during a White House news conference, warning that if Putin did decide to invade his neighbor, Russia would suffer "consequential" loss of life. The president didn't elaborate on the level of military assistance the U.S. might offer Ukraine in the face of an invasion, but it came as his administration worked with NATO allies to bolster Ukraine's forces and quickly.
U.S. officials confirmed to CBS News that the Biden administration had given permission to several NATO allies to send emergency shipments of U.S.-made weapons including anti-tank missiles to Ukraine to reinforce the country's defenses. State Department sources said allies including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the U.K. were cleared to make "Third Party Transfers" of U.S.-made and supplied equipment to Ukraine, which one official described as part of a race "to get as much gear to the Ukrainians as quickly as possible."
Russia, meanwhile, was moving military hardware and troops into Belarus a close Russian ally that borders not only Ukraine, but also Lithuania, Latvia and Poland for military exercises set to take place in February. American officials have voiced concern that Russia could use its troop presence in Belarus as another route to stage an overt invasion of Ukraine, or a so-called "false-flag" operation to create a "pretext for invasion."
Russia's defense ministry also announced on Thursday that it would conduct naval exercises "in all areas of responsibility of its fleets," including the Mediterranean, the northern Arctic seas, the northeastern Atlantic and in the Pacific Ocean. The drills, to take place in January and February, will involve more than 140 ships, 60 aircraft and about 10,000 forces, the ministry said.
The ministry said the drills would cover regions of seas and oceans adjacent to Russian territory, as well as what the Russian military called "operationally important areas" of other bodies of water.
Secretary of State Antony Blinken was in Germany on Thursday, where he met with allies who, by President Biden's own admission, are not all on the "same page" about the level of sanctions to impose on Russia should Putin choose to invade his neighbor again. Russian forces last openly invaded Ukraine in 2014, when Putin unilaterally annexed the Crimean Peninsula.
American officials have played down divisions within NATO over how much pressure to exert on Russia. The U.S. and Britain, for instance, have extended direct military aid to Ukraine, while Germany has declined to do so.
There was scant immediate reaction from EU capitals to President Biden's tough rhetoric on Thursday, but French President Emmanuel Macron said Europe should have its own negotiations with Russia and not rely on the U.S. to speak for it.
Asked about the divisions among allies, a senior State Department official insisted to CBS News on Thursday that there was "universal agreement on the steep costs" Russia must be forced to pay if it does invade, and the U.S. and its allies were "in the process of finalizing the mechanics" on how to ensure that could be done.
Blinken, asked on Thursday to clarify Mr. Biden's remarks from the previous day, when he indicated that any U.S. response to a Russian invasion may be adjusted depending on the scale of Russia's actions, said the administration had been "very clear throughout: If any Russian military forces move across the Ukrainian border and commit new acts of aggression against Ukraine, that will be met with a swift, severe response from the United States and our allies and partners."
After Blinken's meetings on Thursday with French, German and British officials in Berlin, the State Department said the diplomats had discussed "joint efforts to deter further Russian aggression against Ukraine, including Allies' and partners' readiness to impose massive consequences and severe economic costs on Russia for such actions."
The biggest outstanding question, from the perspective of U.S. officials and their allies, had not changed as Blinken prepared for his Friday meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov: What does Putin really want?
Kremlin officials have insisted that Russia has no plans or intentions to invade Ukraine, and Putin and his top aides insist it is the U.S. and NATO fueling animosity by threatening sanctions and moving military hardware and personnel close to Russia's western borders. But Moscow also issues continual warnings of military action if Putin's demands are not met chiefly his insistence that NATO reject Ukraine's bid for membership.
The Biden administration has called that demand a non-starter, but both sides have shown a willingness to at least keep talking, most notably with the Friday meeting between Blinken and Lavrov on the neutral ground in Geneva.
Despite President Biden's "guess" on Wednesday, American officials say they still don't know for certain if Putin has decided to launch an invasion of Ukraine, on any scale, or whether the brinkmanship is merely intended to extract concessions from the U.S. and NATO as Moscow seeks what it calls "security guarantees."
Mr. Biden said on Wednesday that he didn't believe Putin wanted a "full-blown war," but that he expected the Russian leader to test the U.S. and NATO's resolve as much as possible.
State Department officials have said they still don't know what Putin is thinking, but they're planning for all eventualities. A large part of Blinken's mission when he meets Lavrov on Friday will no doubt be to assess, to the extent possible, Moscow's intentions.
CBS News' Margaret Brennan in Washington and Mary Ilyushina in Moscow contributed to this report.
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