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Daily Archives: March 4, 2022
Gutwein’s Land Tax Cut for Propertied Class Leaves Battlers in the Cold – Tasmanian Greens MPs
Posted: March 4, 2022 at 4:42 pm
Responsibility for Tasmanias housing crisis sits with the Liberals, yet they refuse to act. Instead, today Peter Gutwein has announced a trickle down style land tax cut forthose Tasmanians who are lucky enough to have a second, third or fourth property.
All the whilerentscontinue to soar and Tasmanians are forced to move interstate, just to keep a roof over their heads.
In a monumental,but wholly transparent "look over there", Premier Gutwein has handed alandtax cut towell off property investors.Yet another stuntfroma Liberal Government devoid of any meaningfulplanto curbthecost of living, or address the housing crisis in Tasmania.
Todays land tax announcement wonthelp to lower rents, as the government falsely claims.It will simply widen theclass dividebetween thehaves and have-nots thosewhoown their home, along with an investment portfolio,and thosewhospend half their weeklyincomeor moreon shelter.
Handing out a Land Tax cutwont decrease rents. Itwill only encourage investors toincreasetheir portfolio.
This will be the second round of land tax cuts implemented by the Liberals in the short time since the 2021 election. Peter Gutwein claims this will further decrease rents, what world is he living in? Rents have not gone down, they have gone up, since the Liberals last round of land tax cuts. This is a fact.
What is needed isregulation of short stay accommodation and rent controls - both moved by the Greens and blocked by the old parties in Parliament - along withbuilding more social and affordable housing.
On the eve of Parliaments resuming and with Covid rampant in our schools,the GutweinGovernment is in disarray. Itslosttwo Ministers in just two weeks.Peter Gutwein is clearly making policy on the run to distract from his internal chaos.
This kind of policy making wont house the homeless, and it wont even distract from wheels falling off Peter Gutweins Cabinet. In the midst of a housing crisis,Tasmania deserves better.
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Confronting experience and contradictions in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis – Uprise RI
Posted: at 4:42 pm
It is Wednesday morning. 48 hours earlier I was evacuated from the Russian Federation on order of the American embassy. As I sat reading and re-reading their email, I was receiving messages from American friends scared for me, and Russian friends scared for themselves and embarrassed by their government. Everybody, especially those working-class victims in Ukraine, are helpless about what is going on, but I felt only a fraction of that helplessness. The order to evacuate, for me, felt like I was being forced to abandon my Russian comrades I had a way out, and most of them do not.
Yet, even as they asked me to leave, western governments canceled all flights over Russian airspace. So how was I to return? Luckily, I was in St. Petersburg, which is close to the border of Finland, so I had the option of taking a bus over the border and catching a flight out of Helsinki. (I heard through colleagues that alternate buses to Estonia were canceled). For a trip that usually cost around 12 Euros, I bought a ticket for 48. The same thing happened for the flight from Helsinki: 200,000 rubles ($2,000 USD) for a ticket that is normally around $600. Price gouging in a time of crisis isnt anything new its a reflection of the much deeper contradictions in neo-liberal capitalism. Requesting nationals to leave while private companies hike prices evinces a fundamental flaw in liberalism between the interests of capital and the best interest of its people.
To be honest, at first I thought the supposed threat to my life was overblown. The night before I left, a few friends and I went to a local pub to collect our thoughts and talk, possibly for the last time in person. We were speaking in English, and at some point, a man behind us yelled What the fuck you speaking a foreign language for? He then pulled out a knife and began playing with it at his table, as if threatening. The bartenders called the Russian police, and when they arrived, they asked him to see the knife, which in fact was a knife pen. He showed them the pen side, and they didnt pursue the issue anymore and left. Not about to be stabbed, I turned to him, extended my hand, and said in Russian Im sorry about that. I hope we are all ok. He said we were fine, that it was just a new knife, and he shook my hand with a smile. There is a lot of paranoia and fear going on in Russia, as well as in Ukraine, but I understood that I was lucky his intentions could have been bad.
Lets be real here: the contradictions surrounding this crisis are not only felt on a personal level. Russias invasion and NATOs blunder are direct consequences of Post-Cold War politics, where the United States and NATO, gleeful from its self-proclaimed victory over Communism, initiated a process of plundering Soviet state enterprises, resources, and the livelihood of its working class people. As the United States and friends helped privatize Russia in the 1990s, they sat idly by while powerful oligarchs seized control of the ex-Soviet Unions vast technical, financial, and resource infrastructure. Just so we are clear, when I say the Soviet Union I dont mean just Russia Im referring to all 15 republics of the USSR. These oligarchs own mansions and apartment complexes in the West (including in American cities like New York!), yachts and multiple private western bank accounts. They are heavily invested in Western oil and natural gas companies. As the neo-liberal world order was formed in the 1990s, Germany, France, and the USA believed such economic ties would ensure peace in the continent. When Putin became president in 2000, he expressed a willingness to improve relations with the West, and there were relatively few confrontations with NATO or the EU until 2008. In 2008 Putin managed to reign in the oligarchs, so much so that by 2014, after the supposed Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, many of them got rid of their foreign assets to demonstrate their loyalty to Putin. Putin had the chessboard in his overwhelming favor: political loyalty of Russias wealthy, a growing faith in Russia autarky, and NATOs willingness to let the Minsk protocol collect dust.
Meanwhile the working class of Russia grew increasingly powerless throughout the process. Since 2011 there have been several anti-corruption and anti-war protests in the country, but Putins OMON forces have tightened the noose around civil society, to such an level that these people are met today with the fullest extent of Russias punitive military industrial complex: mass arrests, fake trials, executions, and familial harassment.
The argument that Russia has not done enough to prevent something like this from happening is completely flawed, promoted by half-baked neo-liberal warmongers who want to legitimate punishing average Russians for their own inability to resist for the last 20 years and the power of one man that they have no control over, no political means of impeachment. As I write this, more than 6,800 protesters have been detained, and 53 out of 57 Russian Communist Party members have openly opposed the war.
Yet we still hear from people like President Obamas ambassador to Russia Michael McFaul:
This kind of war mongering ignores the fact that much of the development of Putinism was enabled by Western inaction and the United States continued unwillingness to employ real experts as political consultants. Another contradiction.
Indeed, as leftists we must understand that Putin is the Wests own creation. We played Dr. Frankenstein in the 1990s and got ourselves a full-blown monster that is now completely unbound by the global economic order that Europe expected to keep peace. Indeed, even Germanys chancellor, Olaf Scholz, is so awestruck that all he can really do is insure that economic stability is still possible. No matter how it is sugarcoated, there were indeed promises made to Russia after 1991 that NATO would not expand, and many Russians, particularly after the events in Yugoslavia, agreed that NATO was no longer justified, that America was the real aggressor and danger. If you asked anyone in Moscow whether Ukraine would become a member of NATO in 1994, they would have laughed at you. By Clintons presidency, the promises to put a lid over NATO evaporated. Russians of all classes looked on as NATO bombed Kosovo to smitheries, wondering in awe why such a peace keeping organization still needed to exist if not simply to enforce Western financial and geo-political hegemony.
Things increasingly got worse as the United States and its allies failed to pursue lasting agreements after Minsk in 2014. The United States and its NATO allies could have brokered a lasting peace agreement, but instead they were willing to allow a temporary ceasefire to grow increasingly stale. Russians in power began to understand the redundancy of NATO, and promote it as a form of continued Western provocation, while Western governments have continued to legitimate it as a defense from their very own creation (Putin). It is a cyclical pattern, where one is begetting the other and now justifications on both sides are hardening. Russians now see the need for NATO to protect against the autocratic decision making of Putin, and Putin can now demonstrate the danger of NATO. Another contradiction.
The bus ride from St. Petersburg to Finland was the scariest part of my personal exodus. I woke up at 5am with two of my best friends (McFauls supposed enemies) and hopped on a bus with other Russians and EU members. I had no time to drink water or eat anything, and the bus offered nothing. Many families were leaving each other in tears and visible anxiety. Along the route, the bus was stopped three times by passport control officers in Russia who checked everyones documents. Luckily two out of three times the guard passed my row (I dont think he cared as much as he was supposed to, which is quite normal in Russias smaller bureaucracies) and eventually I made it through. At Russian customs, I asked an officer if I could buy water somewhere, and his response was to drink from the bathroom sink, which, considering the ancient plumbing technology, I was unwilling to risk.
After I passed Russian customs, we rode for another hour to the Finnish border. At one point the bus driver turned the bus off, and we sat sweltering for about an hour and a half, hungry and thirsty. I understood that my exodus was far less harsh than some fleeing Kyiv and Kharkov, so I tried to rest my eyes and meditate out of it.
After passing Finnish passport control, I went into the bathroom and gulped sink water for about 5 solid minutes from the palms of my hands. It felt degrading and lonely, but at the same time I knew that I had crossed the threshold, and that I was safe.
Originally Putins propaganda machine advertised this war as an anti-NATO effort meant to restrict Ukrainian membership. Yet, over time it has developed into a raw nationalist crusade, and the lexicon of what Russia calls the Great Patriotic War (WW2) is elicited to cultivate national support. A friend of mine with a 13-year-old daughter told me that students across Russia were to be exposed to a state-mandated (and state written) lesson propagandizing the reasons for war. That is, the state narrative is to be taught to children whether the parents want it or not.
In this propaganda, Ukrainians have been branded as Nazis, and Putin has even denied the validity of Ukrainian nationhood. To be clear, there are neo-nazi fighters and groups in Ukraine. Weve all seen their videos and imagery heavily laden with Wehrmacht obsessionism. But neo-nazis are everywhere (again another creation of neo-liberalism), and by no means defines the vast majority of Ukraines working class. Yet Putins bombing of Kyiv and Kharkov, and his soldiers callous engagements with regular people on the streets, has strengthened the flame of Ukrainian nationalism, again emboldening Putins argument. Another cyclical pattern, another contradiction.
The truth is that Ukraine and Russia share a common history, and I do think it is important to explicate that history briefly here. In the ninth century, the ancient chronicle of Kyivan Rus wrote that princes incapable of ruling the land of present day Russia and Ukraine invited a foreign king Rurik to rule over the people of Rus. Ruriks dynasty established itself in what is now Velikii Novgorod, south of present day St. Petersburg, and extended its rule down to what is now Kyiv incorporating a number of diverse ethnic peoples, including Permeans, Mari, Mordvinians, and more. In the 1200s, the Mongol Horde from the far east swept through Kyivin Rus destroying the state almost completely (Velikii Novgorod remained somewhat independent but still paid dues to the Mongol Khans). Independence from Mongol suzerainty did not come until the late 1400s, when the powerful city-state of Moscow was able to repel the Horde for the first time, but as youd imagine, many ethnic Mongolians and their culture remained in what is now western Russia and parts of Ukraine.
By the 1500s, Ukraine was almost completely absorbed by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, again sprinkling non-Russian characteristics throughout the region, changing the language, strengthening the Catholic, Ruthenian, and Lutheran Churches at the expense of Orthodoxy and, through resistance to Poles, giving Ukraine some of its earliest national myths. At this time, the Kingdom of Muscovy was fighting its own Boyars (old aristocrats) and expanding south and eastward to areas still held by the Khans. The history demonstrates that the region is so ethnically, confessionally, and linguistically mixed that its difficult to even see what is Russian about places like Tatarstan and Udmurtia, let alone Crimea or the Donbas.
That was a very simplified version of Ukrainian and Russian history, understanding that most people reading this may not care about the details. It goes to show that while an argument can be made that Russians and Ukrainians share a similar history and culture, their paths parted ways well before World War One, World War Two, and 1991. Thus, Putins argument that Lenin created Ukraine is not only historically inaccurate, but its simply an attack on the Russian Communist Party, a competitor to his own power, that ignores centuries of independent Ukrainian cultural development. Actually, Im sure Mr. Putin is aware that one of the biggest anti-Bolshevik resistance movements was the Ukrainian peasantry. History shows that Ukraine is and has always been a blood land where European powers have battled for land, wealth, and power. Ukrainian culture is different from Russian precisely because it has been punctuated for hundreds of years by aggression on both sides of Europe.
This position in between also played itself out in the USSR and continues to impact the region today. Russia is the main exporter of natural gas to Europe, and much of that gas infrastructure (built in the Soviet period) moves directly through Ukraine. With the expansion of oil and natural gas initiatives, in partnership with China, it is in Russias best interest to have firm control over the route of travel, lest 2014 repeat itself. One can see why it may not be in Europes best financial interest to really reprimand Russian capital. Another contradiction.
The bus ride was so late that I arrived at Helsinki airport with less than 20 minutes to board my flight. After explaining why I was so late, a representative from Finnair called her colleagues and told me to run, except I couldnt run because I had to clear baggage check. No time to get a drink or food, I cleared the process and then began to literally run from one end of the airport to the other. Luckily I was greeted on the plane by flight attendants with a water bottle.
In the air for 9 hours, still without food or water, I explained to a Finnish attendant the situation, and he brought me a cornucopia of snacks and salads pulled from various meals, including their own personal lunches.
What is happening is a dynamic and complicated situation that is eliciting confusion and in-fighting amongst leftists everywhere. So where should we stand as socialists / communists / anarchists / progressives? There is a real fear and anxiety of nuclear escalation, but we cannot allow that fear to pull us down to the level of Russophobia or blind NATO support. We also cannot denigrate the severity of this conflict by comparing it to American war crimes. America has and continues to perpetrate war crimes around the world, but What Aboutism is the exact same tactic that Putin has used his entire career, and in this case, it diminishes the potential severity of what is unfolding.
With the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the geopolitical order has been dislodged, for better or for worse, but it is going to come at the expense of the worlds biggest refugee crisis, and thousands of civilian and soldier deaths. Putin has demonstrated to the world that NATO support, which has been given to Ukraine more than most countries in the world in terms of billions in armaments and training, amounts to absolutely nothing when the situation escalates. Nobody wants a full-blown war with the West, but if were witnessing the ineffectiveness of NATO, and the redundancy of Western sanctions, why does it need to exist? It appears that Western leaders have sewn the economic ties of the neo-liberal world order so tight that theyve exposed themselves as interested in nothing but the security of global capital, i.e. their assets. What is more, Bidens State of the Union address clearly demonstrated that suffering Ukranians have become cannon fodder for partisan politics within the American political establishment.
Thus, we need to make clear that we are resoundingly against NATO and stand united with the working class people of Russia who oppose their governments attack. We stand most resolutely with the working-class people of Ukraine the people in the so-called blood lands who are currently victims of a feud that geography alone has enveloped them in. We oppose American involvement, warmongering, and politicization for the purpose of domestic partisan politics. We oppose fascism on both sides of this conflict but recognize that the strongest response the West could have, its most humanely logical reaction, is to seize the foreign assets and property of Russias oligarchs who are powerful investors in Western capitalist institutions, use their mansions and yachts for refugees, invest that money and property in green energy that will once and for all eliminate Europes dependence on Russian oil and natural gas, and stop the expansion of NATO.
I have doubts that Bidens new task force to hunt oligarchs will take any decisive action because punishing the oligarchs would hurt western capital, including American capitalists who have their hands in the same pot. Instead, new sanctions will hurt working class Russians disproportionately while leaving the true enablers of this conflict relatively unscathed. Another contradiction.
Ill leave you with two illustrative experiences from my journey. As I boarded the bus in St. Petersburg, an older gay woman sat next to me. We were directly parallel to the side door, and as she got on, her girlfriend was crying and explaining to her partner that they have a toilet on this bus! A coffee station, free movies. You will be good, I promise as a way of comforting her. They may never see each other again if another iron curtain descends, which is a high possibility.
When I arrived in Chicago, famous for Ukrainian Village, I exited US customs to a sea of children meeting their grandmothers and parents who had no-doubt escaped Ukraine. Nobody should have to experience that kind of fear just because two old men must appear strong to their people and are committed to maintaining their wealth. This war is pointless on both sides, and the United States and NATO are not guilt free.
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Confronting experience and contradictions in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis - Uprise RI
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Ukrainians to arrive in Aust within days – Daily Liberal
Posted: at 4:42 pm
news, national
Ukrainian women and children fleeing the war are set to begin arriving in Australia as soon as this weekend. More than 1,000 people have been issued Australian visas since the war began, according to the Australian Federation of Ukrainian Organisations, and many have fled to Poland and Romania. Federation co-chair Stefan Romaniw said he expects women and children to begin arriving within days. "Australia is 20,000 km away, they've come from a war zone... those children obviously have seen things. We have to deal with trauma, with families being disconnected," he told AAP. The federation has been preparing support for people when they arrive, including medical checks and accommodation, and links to welfare organisations. "We've got our finger on the pulse, we're co-ordinated and we know what we're doing... As soon as they land, we will meet them at the airport and work out what are the next steps," he said. It's expected most people will land in Sydney and Melbourne, along with Adelaide and Brisbane. He praised the efforts of the Ukrainian community in Australia so far. "It has been exceptional - Putin is a tyrant and he needs to be stopped." While the Australian government has been "very efficient" at issuing visas, the vast majority issued so far are tourist class, so people will not be able to access support such as medicare, according to Mr Romaniw. But he said he had spoken to Immigration Minister Alex Hawke on Friday and asked him to look at reclassifying some visas when people arrive. The department of home affairs has been contacted for comment. Australian Associated Press
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Ukrainian women and children fleeing the war are set to begin arriving in Australia as soon as this weekend.
More than 1,000 people have been issued Australian visas since the war began, according to the Australian Federation of Ukrainian Organisations, and many have fled to Poland and Romania.
Federation co-chair Stefan Romaniw said he expects women and children to begin arriving within days.
"Australia is 20,000 km away, they've come from a war zone... those children obviously have seen things. We have to deal with trauma, with families being disconnected," he told AAP.
The federation has been preparing support for people when they arrive, including medical checks and accommodation, and links to welfare organisations.
"We've got our finger on the pulse, we're co-ordinated and we know what we're doing... As soon as they land, we will meet them at the airport and work out what are the next steps," he said.
It's expected most people will land in Sydney and Melbourne, along with Adelaide and Brisbane.
He praised the efforts of the Ukrainian community in Australia so far.
"It has been exceptional - Putin is a tyrant and he needs to be stopped."
While the Australian government has been "very efficient" at issuing visas, the vast majority issued so far are tourist class, so people will not be able to access support such as medicare, according to Mr Romaniw.
But he said he had spoken to Immigration Minister Alex Hawke on Friday and asked him to look at reclassifying some visas when people arrive.
The department of home affairs has been contacted for comment.
Australian Associated Press
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Your say: letters to the editor – Northern Beaches Review
Posted: at 4:42 pm
NEW FERRY ROUTE
The Wakehurst Parkway was built as a temporary road within a parcel of land bought by the then NSW Government to create a major highway, connecting the northern beaches with the city of Sydney. No state government ever since has even managed to floodproof it, though. So would our current government now please increase this flooding to a depth which will allow them to introduce an electric ferry service to prevent the possible drowning of those wishing to access the city and/or our one and only hospital?
Marianne van de Voorde, North Narrabeen
AD CHARGES
There's a new electric car charging station installed at the corner of Lawrence and Dowling Street, Freshwater. Don't bother that it's also a 2m x 1m 24/7 illuminated advertising sign but it's constantly pumping out Liberal Party advertising like their commitment to a very slow program towards a net carbon zero by 2050. And this glowing advertising monolith isn't facing the shopping area but towards the residential zone. Should we be expecting this sign to start pumping out Labor slogans and advertising after the next federal election?
Brett Curtis, Queenscliff
WAGGING THE DOG
The crusade by Cr Rory Amon and Pittwater Unleashed to force the the people in Pittwater to put up with dogs on two of the area's beaches has Cr Amon describing the times proposed for the trials as "popular for exercising dogs". Well - newsflash - they are also popular times for the rest of us humans too, especially in summer! The prospect of avoiding excited dogs charging about and ducking flying objects propelled by some of the owners will put a lot of regulars users off, including me and my partner. We already avoid the various other unleashed areas for the same reasons. Although I believe the proposal should be defeated on environmental grounds alone, especially now that for the first time we have strong Greens representation on the council, there are other factors that don't appear to have been given due consideration by those who just want dogs on the beaches, no matter what!
LITTLE BIKE LOST
An almost new child's bike - it is pink and violet - has been left outside Eurobodalla Homes in Newport but now I have brought it in due to the weather. Is it possible to find the owner through the Review? Somewhere there is a little girl feeling sad.
HAVE YOUR SAY
The extensive Northern Beaches Council property portfolio comprises 542 buildings and 2900 land parcels, including parks, public reserves, car parks, vacant land, buildings on Council land, and Crown land under Council management. Council is seeking community feedback on the Draft Property Management Framework to guide decisions on the use of this property, acquisition needs, redevelopment or properties no longer required. The 18 action items include a review of existing properties, work to determine future property needs of the community, an evaluation of our leases and licences, and the preparation of a Property Action Plan. Submissions close on March 30, 2022. See yoursay.northernbeaches.nsw.gov.au
Have something to say? Send a letter to the editor at: editor@northernbeachesreview.com.au
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Three more virus-related deaths in the NT – Daily Liberal
Posted: at 4:42 pm
news, national
Three more people have died with COVID-19 in the Northern Territory. SecureNT says two women aged in their 60s and 70s have died with the virus along with a man in his 60s. There have now been 26 virus-related deaths in the region since the start of the pandemic. The Territory also reported another 559 infections on Thursday. There are 48 people in hospital with the virus including two in intensive care. The number of active cases stands at 3833. The figures came as the Northern Land Council said biosecurity zones imposed by the federal government, which restricted the movement of people between communities, had worked. The restrictions will not be enforced from Friday. Council chair Samuel Bush-Blanasi said traditional owners and community members had wanted to slow down the spread of the virus to give more people a chance to get their second and third vaccine doses. "The biosecurity zones helped slow things down. They've done their job," he said. But Mr Bush-Blanasi cautioned against complacency with COVID-19 "still out there". "We need to prepare for the next wave because COVID is not going away," he said. "That means everyone getting all their jabs and making sure our kids from five years old and up also get fully vaccinated." Australian Associated Press
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Three more people have died with COVID-19 in the Northern Territory.
SecureNT says two women aged in their 60s and 70s have died with the virus along with a man in his 60s.
There have now been 26 virus-related deaths in the region since the start of the pandemic.
The Territory also reported another 559 infections on Thursday.
There are 48 people in hospital with the virus including two in intensive care.
The number of active cases stands at 3833.
The figures came as the Northern Land Council said biosecurity zones imposed by the federal government, which restricted the movement of people between communities, had worked.
The restrictions will not be enforced from Friday.
Council chair Samuel Bush-Blanasi said traditional owners and community members had wanted to slow down the spread of the virus to give more people a chance to get their second and third vaccine doses.
"The biosecurity zones helped slow things down. They've done their job," he said.
But Mr Bush-Blanasi cautioned against complacency with COVID-19 "still out there".
"We need to prepare for the next wave because COVID is not going away," he said.
"That means everyone getting all their jabs and making sure our kids from five years old and up also get fully vaccinated."
Australian Associated Press
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Prime Minister Janez Jana as keynote speaker at the literary evening concluding the Year of Josip Juri in Muljava | GOV.SI – Gov.si
Posted: at 4:42 pm
The Prime Minister emphasised the importance and work of writer and journalist Josip Juri. He opened by congratulating everyone who organised various events to contribute to the Year of Josip Juri.
He continued that there were many big names among Slovenians in the course of the nations development that left an important mark in the times in which they lived. "Many of these names were well-known, whereas others were a little more on the fringes." He added that Juri was renowned in the area around his birthplace, but he was not the household name he deserved to be elsewhere in Slovenia. "Josip Juri was an exceptional individual. He was also a promoter of national awakening, a newspaperman, an editor, a cosmopolitan, someone who gathered experience from Muljava to Vienna and poured it into practice. The time in which he lived and worked was a special time, a time of national awakening. Juri understood that a cultural revival was necessary for a national awakening, and this sentiment is present in all his works. He and his followers made an important contribution to increasing the oeuvre of the printed word in the Slovenian language." On this occasion, the Prime Minister quoted Juri by saying: "Where people read and know what it is all about, there they are unwavering. Where there is a lack of awareness, there is no certainty and there is a safe haven for impostors and strangers." Prime Minister Jana said that Juri was well aware that to raise the nation's consciousness it was necessary to have a media outlet, that it was necessary to publish a newspaper. "There were a few newspapers being published, but they did not fully satisfy the needs of the younger generations, i.e. the Young Slovenians." He also presented the life of Josip Juri. "He became assistant editor of the Slovenian Nation newspaper, which began to be published in 1868 in Maribor three times a week, which meant a lot of effort and work for an editor. This newspaper emphasised the desire that all Slovenians should be united in one administrative unit, that the Slovenian language should have equal status in public, including in schools and offices. After four years, the newspaper's offices were relocated to Ljubljana. From 1873, it was published as a daily newspaper, which was hard work in those times. Juri edited the newspaper under difficult conditions until his premature death. At that time, Slovenians were at least to some extent competing with the Germans, who back then had a much more developed media network in our region and also dominated cultural and economic life."
In his speech, the Prime Minister said that, at that time, Juri understood that the modernisation of political life was at our doors. It was a time when political movements were evolving into parties in the modern sense of the word, with democracy developing and elections taking place. "He knew that the political doctrine he was advocating, which was based on the freedom of the individual and of the nation, also required strong media support. The Slovenian Nation was the media outlet that, right up to the Second World War, when the newspaper went out of business, provided this media support, which put individual and national freedom at the forefront." In this context, he also recalled Levstik. "Juri, together with Levstik and other associates, is the original founder of the traditional early Slovenian liberalism. At the end of the 19th century, three typical political blocs were thus formed: liberal, Catholic, and social democratic. All of them played an important role in the development of Slovenians as a nation and of traditional Slovenian democracy. If this flow had not been interrupted during the Second World War and later in the party system, Slovenia would today be a much more flourishing democracy, similar to democracies in some parts of Western Europe. Juri was not just a writer and he was not someone who believed that merely writing something was enough to have done ones part." Prime Minister Jana also quoted one of Juris thoughts, which, according to him, is still applicable today: "Ideas alone ... will not save us, only work can save us ..."
In his speech, the Prime Minister also said that Juri's repertoire was very broad and that his political profile was adorned with the principles of freedom and prosperity, something that should be at the centre of the political and national spheres if we want to achieve a normal life and development, as well as ensure fundamental rights and freedoms. He also recalled the brutal war in Ukraine, the escalation of violence against an independent state, and the unbridled trampling upon freedom and peace. "In this context, it is important to recall once again certain words, including those of Josip Juri: "... only a nation that is master of its own land can achieve prosperity." "The Prime Minister concluded his speech by saying that this is a sentence that carries added weight in these times, and that 2021 has seen Juri take his rightful place. "He was a pioneer in many fields; he was a promoter of national awakening a role that was a secret for many years but has now come to light and it is only right that we be aware of it and further underline it in the Slovenian literature and politics."
At the end of his speech, Prime Minister Janez Jana thanked the Municipality of Ivanna Gorica and the Ministry of Culture.
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Viewpoint: Eugenics has become unacceptable in modern society except when it’s used to support termination of genetically abnormal fetuses – Genetic…
Posted: at 4:40 pm
American partisan politics has just been inflamed by implementation of a Texas ban on abortions once an embryos heartbeat is detected, usually after the sixth week of pregnancy. The new law gets around Roe v Wadeby making it possible for anyone to charge a person who helps a woman terminate her pregnancy, from Uber drivers to doctors. But its unclear if the Texasabortion ban will stick, and bans on the basis of anti-eugenic rhetoric may be more likely to pose a risk to abortion rights. Prenatal Nondiscrimination Acts (PRENDA) and other bans which prevent women from getting abortions on the basis of a prenatal diagnosis of disability have been gaining traction throughout the United States. AsSupreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas has said, the States might not be allowed to lawfully protect eugenic abortions, which Harvard scholar Michael Stokes Paulsenhas described asthe deliberate killing of children with a disability because of their disability.
Fundamentally,eugenics is any intervention, whether chosen by the individual or by the state, which aims to decrease the number of people with disabilities and increase the number of people with qualities that are generally considered valuable, like health, intelligence, and attractiveness. Scholars have distinguished between old eugenicsinterventions like state-sponsored sterilization andbanning relatives from marryingand contemporary eugenics or velvet eugenics. These new forms of eugenics represent the commercialization of eugenic ideas, which are then implemented by individuals rather than enacted by the state or another authoritative body.
One of the reasons abortion bans on the basis of prenatal diagnoses may have received relatively little attention is because they leave the pro-choice Left in an uncomfortable ethical position. The view that a woman has a right to an abortion for any reason is fundamentally at odds with an anti-eugenic stance. For 40 years, the Left has waged a war against eugenics which has now given ammunition to those who want to restrict or criminalize abortion. The conversation about eugenics itself has been hopelessly muddled by the constant accusation of eugenics against people, technologies, and policies, making clear thinking on this important ethical issue in the public sphere nearly impossible.
How widespread are bans against women aborting on the basis of genetic or congenital disability?Six statesMississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Tennesseehave prohibited abortion on the grounds of a genetic diagnosis of disability, although others likeFloridahave attempted to implement such bans. Bans are only one way of preventing these kinds of abortions. In states like Arizona, Minnesota, and Oklahoma, women who seek an abortion because their baby will die within hours or days of birthare required to be notified of the availability of perinatal hospice, which may nudge women to deliver a baby with a lethal abnormality.Other statesrequire women to be counseled on the medical condition or disability of their fetus. And in a few states, doctors areprevented from mentioning abortionas an option when women are informed their fetus is likely to have a severe disability. These laws will be difficult to enforce because, for instance, they require abortion providers to ask women why they wish to terminate their pregnancies or impose on otherwise private conversations. But asone conservative activist said, Even if its hard to enforce, its worth being passed. Its important for a state to show they are not supporting eugenics.
Many progressiveshave objectedthat the choices individual women make about whether or not to have an abortion do not constitute eugenics. But these bans and the moral confusion surrounding abortion are among the many troubling outcomes of the Lefts moral panic about eugenics. In the 1970s, the sociobiologistE.O. Wilson suggestedthat, in the future, greater knowledge of human heredity could provide us with democratically contrived eugenics. Wilson was probably right. However, this sentence, along with his biological view of human nature, have made him an extraordinarily controversial figure to this day.
Forty years later, we are still having the same conversations about what is and what is not eugenics. Forty years later,scientistscontinually feel the need todefend themselves against charges of eugenicsfrom the Left while they themselves use eugenicstodiscreditideasandscientiststhey find problematic. Fields and concepts as disparate as IQ, BMI, behavioral genetics, and even statistical analysis itself have been labeled as eugenics. Anecdotally, when Ico-authored a paperthat attempted to clarify the conversation around eugenics, it was attacked asimmoralandbeneathconsideration. In an environment where many of the intelligentsia are attempting to avoid charges of eugenics and lob charges of eugenics at others, its no wonder these conversations have become so incendiary and pointlessly confusing.
The Lefts tendency to call so many things they dont like eugenics, combined with the taboo against discussing eugenics in any meaningful way, has made the public conversation about the topic incoherent. Even as progressives maintain that abortion on the basis of disability is not eugenics, they have criticized many other individual choices as eugenics. For example, in 2019George Churchdiscussed his plans to make a genetic matchmaking app, digid8, which would prevent people with rare genetic diseases from meeting each other. This would diminish the risk of passing a disability onto their offspring (a similar approach to that used byDor Yeshorim). This private companys servicewhich people would have to opt into and pay forcaused huge controversyover itseugenic implications. Another individual choice, using genetic screening to choose an embryo to implant during invitro fertilization (IVF), is alsowidelyassociatedwitheugenics, especially ifparents select for cosmetic featureslike eye color. If the individual choice of using a dating app or engaging in embryo selection is eugenics, certainly the individual choice to terminate a pregnancy on the basis of disability also fits this definition.
Although the majority of abortions are chosen due to the financial, social, and other burdens of an unplanned pregnancy, eugenic abortions are not uncommon. Around two to three percent of pregnancies in industrialized countries like the US are affected by a birth defect or congenital abnormality. Of these, a significant number result in abortion. For example, when parents are carriers forcystic fibrosis, they terminate pregnancies screened positive for this disease95 percent of the time. In the developed world, fetuses diagnosed withspina bifidaare terminated63 percentof the time, and 83 percent of fetuses diagnosed withanencephalyare aborted. In the case ofDown syndrome, the US has one of the lowest rates of terminationat 67 percent. But in other developed countries, therate is 90 percent or higher. Even in the case of unplanned pregnancies, usually terminated without prenatal screening,five percent of women chose abortionciting concerns about the health of the fetus.According to one womanwho sought an abortion, The medication Im on for bipolar disorder is known to cause birth defects and we decided its akin to child abuse if you know youre bringing your child into the world with a higher risk for things.
To add to the confusion about the term, many on the Left have embraced the idea that some forms of discrimination against black people and women is eugenic because some of the eugenics interventions of the 20th centurytargeted black women for sterilization. This is another domain in which the label of eugenics is being incoherently applied. For example,Project Preventionis an organization that pays women who are addicted to drugs and alcohol $300, plus medical fees and follow up visits, to go on long-term birth control. These women can choose whether to get an IUD, a hormonal implant, or surgical sterilization.One of the main reasonscritics have called Project Prevention eugenic is that20 percentof Project Prevention clients are black. But black women choose abortion even more disproportionately. More than a third of all abortionsare among black women. Does the chance to get $300 and free medical care really make only one of these choices eugenics? According toMichael Stokes Paulsen:
Does unrestricted legal abortion-choice produce adisparate impactresulting in disproportionate numbers of abortions ending the lives of minority, female, and disabled fetuses?Undeniably. The aborted are disproportionately Black, female, and disabled. Is the right to abortion sometimesused, by those exercising the abortion-choice, for eugenics purposesspecifically for the purpose of aborting on the basis of race, sex, or disability? Unquestionably. [Emphasis in original.]
By the same anti-eugenics logic of disparate impact on minorities and women, abortion is eugenic. Furthermore, an intervention that could reduce the number of black women seeking abortions, providing them incentives or free contraception, would be a nonstarter on the Right because it would offer free birth control, and a nonstarter on the Left because it would be considered racist and eugenics.
Although old eugenics is thought to be wildly unpopular (but may not be), the evidence of the popularity of contemporary eugenics is evident from how readily the public have taken it up. Many of eugenicss staunchest opponents on the Left not only dont appreciate the extent to which abortion is eugenic, they also dont realize the extent to which the standard of prenatal care in the developed world is transparently eugenic in its aims. Routine prenatal care in the United Statesultrasounds checking for normal anatomy, recommended genetic screening for women with a family history of specific heritable disorders and women over 35 and so onare, to a great extent, intended to demonstrate that the unborn child is free from abnormality, malformation, or disability.
For example, thenuchal translucency scan, provided to nearly every pregnant woman in the developed world regardless of risk, measures fluid buildup in the fetus which can indicate whether the child will have congenital heart defects, Down syndrome, or other impairments. Some parents who receive these tests simply want to be prepared for any possible health conditions or disabilities in the child. But most parents receive these screenings with the intention of terminating the pregnancy of a child that is likely to have cognitive, physical, or other disabilities. Because of the bioethical implications, disability activist Rosemarie Garland-Thomsonhas endorsed the ideathat we should stop engaging in routine prenatal testing for any conditions, except very, very carefully identified and adjudicated conditions that really are terrible, that really are incompatible with life. Finally, a 2019 study found that 22.6 percent of women who were against abortionchanged their mindswhen faced with medical complications. So, the judgement against abortion on the basis of fetal disability comes down, to some extent, to good luck.
The view that a woman has ana prioriright to an abortion results in some strange bioethical consequences. Even though it doesnt really fit the actual definition of eugenics, choosing the sex of a childeither by picking a male or female embryo or bysperm sortinghas been associated with eugenicsand banned in countries like the UK, Australia, and Canada. Ironically, in some countries, sex selection is only allowed if a disability, like muscular dystrophy, is sex-linked, which means youre only allowed to practice sex selection in the name of eugenics. A woman in Canada, meanwhile, would not be allowed to choose an embryo of a particular sex to implant using IVF, but would be allowed tohave an abortionbecause she didnt want to have a girl.
Something similar could happen with a new technique calledpolygenic screening(PGS), a way of screening embryos for characteristics determined by multiple genes. Polygenic screening, you guessed it, has been widely attacked as eugenic. At the moment, a woman using in vitro fertilization can screen her embryos with PGS and pick the embryo with the lowest risk ofschizophrenia or diabetes. But its possible that in the future, women in many countries might not be allowed to use PGS to select an embryo with specific characteristics they desire, but they might be able to undergo prenatal tests that would provide them with the same information (see here for an exampleof using prenatal testing to sequence an embryos whole genome). That means a woman might not be permitted to select an embryo without diabetes using PGS, but would be allowed to have an abortion if prenatal testing reveals that her child is likely to have diabetes.
Many of the arguments against eugenics rest on the claim that exceptions are a slippery slopethatclassifying some personal attributes and disordersas desirable or undesirable, respectively, will inevitably lead to the mistreatment of disabled people or genocide. But this hasnt been the case in countries like Denmark and Israel, where the state pays for prenatal testing, abortions in the case of fetal abnormality, and generous benefits for their disabled citizens. And if eugenics truly is a slippery slope, then the Left should join the Right in enforcing bans on abortion in the case of fetal disability and abnormality.
In particular, a coherent anti-eugenic stance would require the Left to align themselves with the Rights intention to limit the number of weeks a woman is allowed to terminate a pregnancy. Bans on abortion after 10 or 20 weeks disproportionately impact women who seek to terminate a pregnancy because of fetal abnormalities, as testing usually occurs between weeks10 and 15 of pregnancy.As Garland-Thomson argues, abortion without any information about the fetus is less ethically problematic. Those who are consistently anti-eugenics should endorse bans after week 10 of pregnancy, because it ensures that women are terminating their pregnancy for reasons that are unlikely to be related to fetal disorder.
It is ethically incoherent to be against all forms of eugenics and also allow a woman to choose to terminate a pregnancy for any reason, including the discovery of genetic abnormality. But the Left has become entangled in a contradiction of its own making. It created a moral panic and used denunciation to shut down discussion of what forms of eugenics may or may not be permissible. This tars many different forms of voluntary reproductive intervention with the same brush as state-mandated sterilization and genocide. Ultimately, the dismal state of progressive discourse about eugenics may produce regressive outcomesit is already being used to prevent the implementation of new reproductive technologies, and it may end up further costing women their reproductive freedom.
Diana Fleischman is an evolutionary psychologist. Find Diana on Twitter @sentientist
A version of this article was originally posted at Quillette and is reposted here with permission. Quillette can be found on Twitter @Quillette
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Cognitive Testing Is Still Racist, Researchers Explain – Being Patient
Posted: at 4:40 pm
By Simon Spichak, MSc | March 4th, 2022
In the last decade, medical institutions practicing within the field of neuroscience have begun to reckon with their racist past a necessary step for improving diagnostic cognitive tests for Alzheimers and related dementias. Many of these tests incorporate race-norming adjustments to test scores. The big problem is, race-norming adjustments arent based on evidence. They are based on historic prejudice.
Dr. Darshali Vyas, a clinical fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital researches the integration of racial biases in algorithms used to predict health outcomes and diagnose disease.
By embedding race into the basic data and decisions of health care, these algorithms propagate race-based medicine, Vyas and colleagues wrote in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2020.
While age and years of education are commonly adjusted for in these cognitive tests, they cannot account for early-life segregation in education, quality of education or discrimination, according to Lisa Barnes, professor at Rush Medical College. That makes it difficult to untangle whether lower scores are a result of cognitive impairment or are simply artifacts of cultural forces related to racism or policies that promoted discrimination.
As a result, many of the cognitive tests that serve as the gold standard for diagnosing dementia are fundamentally flawed. And these problems arent new: According to historians and scholars, race-based adjustments originated as far back as the 15th and 16th centuries.
Since the 19th century, some psychologists and politicians have supported racist and eugenic policies through IQ tests, suggesting, for example, that enslaved people were less intelligent than their white owners. The underlying presence of these beliefs in cognitive science quietly strengthened the idea that there were genetically distinct races, and as a result, employment aptitude tests and cognitive tests were later adjusted based on race, under the assumption that Black people would score lower. This is called race-norming. Because of these inherently skewed designs, today, people with European ancestry who generally have increased access to resources and education still perform better than Black people on these gold-standard diagnostic tools.
As a result, Barnes says, researchers need to better contextualize these test scores and gather more data on race-based cognitive health biomarkers if they have any hope of accurately measuring cognitive health in Black individuals. Without taking these steps, the current set of diagnostic tests are not effective at setting objective cognitive health benchmarks to compare different racial groups to one another.
A prevailing notion in the field is that African American individuals have a two to three times higher incidence of [Alzheimers] than white individuals, she wrote. Although the burden of dementia is certainly high in the African American population, inconsistencies in the existing data and an important lack of data where it is most needed mean that we cannot be confident that the evidence supports this claim.
These adjustments were highlighted earlier last year when 20,000 former professional football players sued the National Football League (NFL) on the basis that race-norming impacted their cognitive diagnosis and treatment, allowing the NFL to withhold compensation.
Black former players are automatically assumed (through a statistical manipulation called race-norming) to have started with worse cognitive functioning than white former players, the lawsuit reads. As a result, if a Black former player and a white former player receive the exact same raw scores on a battery of tests designed to measure their current cognitive functioning, the Black player is presumed to have suffered less impairment, and he is therefore less likely to qualify for compensation.
There are steps researchers can take to help address these problems, Barnes told Being Patient. Those include better contextualizing a persons test score, and tailoring cognitive tests to race and ethnicity. Beyond neuropsychological testing, she added, biomarker studies with racially and ethnically diverse participant groups are essential to understanding how Alzheimers manifests in different populations.
While it isnt a welcome thought, it is important to consider the history of racism and eugenics which has shaped aspects of medicine, impacting the way cognitive function is measured.
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Darwinian Influences on the Alt-Right – Discovery Institute
Posted: at 4:40 pm
Photo: Richard Spencer, by Vas Panagiotopoulos [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons.
Editors note: The following is excerpted from Chapter 8 of Richard Weikarts new book,How Darwinism Influenced Hitler, Nazism, and White Nationalism.
The term alt-right has come to have a pretty elastic meaning, with the popular news media applying it to all sorts of groups. Here we focus on the core of those who originally called themselves the alt-right. Many of the leading personalities in this movement and Kevin MacDonald is one of them promote Darwinism as an integral element of their racist worldview. The alt-right is generally understood to be a movement of white Americans that embraces human inequality, especially racial inequality, while promoting the idea that one should identify with and promote the interests of ones own racial group.1In many respects the alt-right is simply a repackaging of neo-Nazism and white nationalism. From my survey of the most influential alt-right online periodicals, it is obvious that Darwinism serves the same ideological function for them that it did for Nazis, neo-Nazis, and earlier white nationalists. It plays a central role in justifying their views on racial inequality and eugenics.
In 201617 one of the most publicized figures in the alt-right movement was Richard Spencer, founder of the onlineRadix Journal. In his speeches Spencer sometimes quotes Nazi propaganda in the original German, and some members of his audience have been known to give Nazi salutes. In a 2017 essay co-authored with F. Roger Devlin, Spencer insisted that racial differences emerged because of evolutionary processes. He outlined the basic evolutionary story of humans originating in Africa and then migrating to Europe and Asia. He argued that group differences exist as consequences of evolution by natural selection and racial differences are a natural and normal consequence of human evolution. He also asserted, The preference for ones own race is a product of our evolutionary history. Thus, in Spencers view, white nationalism is hard-wired in our biology. Spencer also embraces the Darwinian explanation so prevalent among Nordic racists and in alt-right circles, stating, The higher intelligence and lower crime rates of Whites and East Asians as compared with Africans may be due in large part to the selective pressure of cold winters.2
SpencersRadix Journalalso publishes numerous articles promoting Darwinian evolution as the basis for their so-called racial realism. In explaining the fundamentals of the alt-right, Guilluame Durocher wrote, What is our reason? We believe in Darwin and evolutionary science. Man is, at bottom, a biological entity and, in particular, his potentialities are circumscribed by his genetic heritage. This must be recognized so life may continue its upward evolution, towards the stars, rather than back into the muck. Durocher then criticized liberals for inconsistency, because they say they believe in Darwinism, but then refuse to apply it to public policy.3
In a different white nationalist venue, theOccidental Observer, Durocher expressed sympathy with the Third Reich, noting, The National Socialists proposed a total reformation of society around biocentric norms. This was based on the revolutionary insights of Darwin (which Hitler himself compared to the Copernican revolution), which revealed the natural evolutionary forces which had shaped all life, including all human life. Durocher calls Nazism a self-conscious group evolutionary strategy (GES) designed to further the interests [of] a genetically-defined German people, and he seems to revel in Nazi atrocities. He states, The National Socialists observed that in Nature, violence is absolutely fundamental to the survival and development of life, and they sought to be in harmony with this cosmic reality. Durocher argues as I have in the earlier sections of this book that Darwinism is a central, defining feature of Nazi ideology.4
In 2016 an anonymous article in SpencersRadix Journalpromoted the Darwinian-inspired ideas of the early 20th-century racist ideologue Madison Grant. The author emphasized the social Darwinist underpinnings of Grants ideology and recommended his book,Conquest of a Continent, which is a grand vision of bio-cultural struggle and evolution, in which demography comes alive. The author also promotes Darwinism as the key to promoting white nationalism when he writes, Darwinism offers a compelling and rational justification for Whites to act on behalf of their ancestors and progeny and feel a shared sense of destiny with their extended kin group. Darwinism is seemingly more effective in rallying Whites, especially elite Whites, than religious feelings.5
Another prominent figure in the alt-right movement is Jared Taylor, who strongly influenced Spencer. Taylor has also published articles clearly expressing the centrality of Darwinism in his worldview. In 2019 the white nationalist websiteAmerican Renaissancerepublished a 1992 essay by Taylor, where he positively reviews Roger PearsonsRace, Intelligence and Bias in Academe. At the top of the article is a picture of Charles Darwin, and the essay begins:
The discovery of genetics and the development of the theory of evolution were two of the most potentially far-reaching scientific advances of all time. By the turn of the century, thanks to the work of Gregor Mendel (18221884) and Charles Darwin (18081882), man for the first time had the knowledge with which to direct his own biological destiny. Rather than leave his further development to the genetic accidents that had governed it for millions of years, he could consciously and deliberately improve his very nature.6
Taylor not only embraces a social Darwinist version of racism, but he also endorses Darwinian-inspired eugenics. Also, in 2019American Renaissancerepublished one of Taylors 2006 book reviews, where he endorses Richard LynnsRace Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis. According to Taylor, Prof. Lynn argues that it was the demands of colder, non-African environments that forced the pace of evolution in intelligence and gave rise to race differences.7As we have already seen, this is a standard theme of Nordic racist ideology, which underpins their mistaken view that blacks are intellectually inferior to white people. In 2009 Taylor approvingly reviewed the bookErectus Walks amongst Us, by Richard C. Fuerle. Taylor calls this book a primer on evolution and genetics, a catalog of how populations differ, an introduction to sociobiology and the concept of genetic interests, and a plea for white survival. Taylor endorsed Fuerles evolutionary analysis of Africans inherent biological tendency toward crime and sociopathy. For example, Taylor explains, In the tropics, where mother and child had a better chance of surviving, it would have been maladaptive not to rape. This may explain high rates of rape among African populations.7(This is another example of white nationalists cherry-picking data; it is true that a few African countries have high incidences of rape; however, some African countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have significantly lower rates than Sweden or Germany or Norway.8)
Other alt-right figures, such as John Derbyshire, Steve Sailer, and many others, have published articles lauding Darwinism in alt-right websites and periodicals, such asVDARE,Takis Magazine, theOccidental Observer, andAmerican Renaissance. These carry titles such as Darwin on the Rise and Fall of the Human Races, The Evolution of Racial Differences in Morality, and Ed Dutton with an Evolutionary Perspective on the Rape of Finland.9The alt-right proponent Frank Hilliard has even published an essay entitled The Alternative Right Belongs to the Darwinians on the Council of European Canadians website.10Not all alt-right essays with Darwinian content have such obvious titles, but many articles on these websites recycle the evolutionary ideas I have already explained above.
The overlapping categories of neo-Nazis, white nationalists, and alt-right proponents regularly invoke Darwinism to try to demonstrate that their case for racial inegalitarianism and white superiority is scientific. Indeed, by their own admission, Darwinism is central to their ideology, and they regularly ridicule creationists and intelligent design advocates as ignorant. They believe that racial differences have been shaped by natural selection in the struggle for existence. Just like early 20th-century Nordic racists, some of whom they still promote, they claim that the harsher environment in Europe and Asia provided selective pressure that caused Europeans and Asians to become more intelligent and more cooperative than black Africans. They want to promote further human evolution by practicing racial segregation and introducing eugenics policies. Many of them see nature as their god, and promoting evolution as their gods highest command. Darwinism is thus not only crucial to their explanation of how the world is today, but it is central to their vision of morality and public policy.
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Freedom of speech bill draws concern from Idaho higher education institutions – Post Register
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Freedom of speech bill draws concern from Idaho higher education institutions - Post Register
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