Daily Archives: January 24, 2022

UB-educated data scientist urges more women to work in AI – UB Now: News and views for UB faculty and staff – University at Buffalo Reporter

Posted: January 24, 2022 at 10:34 am

Data scientist Darshana Govind believes that STEM and data science especially artificial intelligence are great fields for female researchers.

Its challenging because you dont see a lot of women in the field, says Govind, who recently earned her doctorate in computational cell biology, anatomy and pathology from the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB. Id like to see more women join STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) and data science. Its a great field to be in. Its hard to be one female in a room full of men, so I encourage more women to join AI teams.

Realizing the potential of AI to make a difference in peoples lives by transforming health care is what really drew me to the field, she explains. Plus, its exciting to be a part of groundbreaking research, especially when youre surrounded by brilliant researchers from whom you get to learn every day. Ive been able to learn a lot of new science and engineering by being part of a field with a rapid pace of development that is multidisciplinary.

While at UB, Govind conducted her research in the lab of her mentor, Pinaki Sarder, associate professor of pathology and anatomical sciences. Sarder is a big supporter of her work.

One of my goals at UB is not only to do research, but also to develop a workforce, and thats very important, Sarder says. Darshana has done excellent, very difficult work for her PhD and has been published in a top journal. He notes that while the situation is improving, there still arent many women working in artificial intelligence right now.

Govind, who now works as a data scientist at Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a division of Johnson & Johnson, is a strong proponent of women in data science and AI.

Data science and AI have enabled us to leverage petabytes of data to extract meaningful information in a variety of different fields. In health care, we are now able to mine volumes of medical data to optimize patient diagnosis and treatment response. Its a game-changer, and we need more data scientists, says Govind, whose doctoral degree is to be conferred next month. Unfortunately, there is currently a major gender gap in this field, with less than one-third of data scientists being women. Its important to have women play an equal role in this industry and incorporate our voices and perspectives while developing major impactful technologies.

Additionally, this field is fueled by creativity and innovation, and we need as many diverse minds as possible to come up with novel solutions to critical problems, she adds.

Allison Brashear, vice president for health sciences and dean of the Jacobs School, notes that its no secret that men tend to outnumber women majoring in the STEM fields in college. Part of the problem is that gender stereotypes and a shortage of diverse role models perpetuate gender STEM gaps, Brashear says. In higher education, its of utmost importance that we increase opportunities in STEM for women. Although some progress has been made in recruiting women to some fields, like biological sciences and computer science, we still have a long way to go toward narrowing the gender pay gap in STEM careers and ensuring a more diverse body of STEM researchers in higher education.

I commend Dr. Govind for actively encouraging more women to enter STEM fields. Now more than ever, women at the start of their educational journeys need support and access to fields where they are underrepresented, she adds.

Govind says notable women like Joy Buolamwini, whose TED Talk on algorithmic bias has more than 1 million views, and Fei-Fei Li, co-director of Stanford Universitys Human-Centered AI Institute, are at the forefront of AI and have played a major role in encouraging more inclusion and diversity in the field. In addition, organizations like Women in Data Science and Women in AI have enabled the formation of large communities that support women and minorities in the field.

That being said, we are still vastly underrepresented in this field, Govind says, and I believe all of us have a role to play in encouraging and empowering women to close this gender gap.

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AI-driven fintech MDOTM bets on game theory – City A.M.

Posted: at 10:34 am

Monday 24 January 2022 9:00 am

MDOTM, a London-based fintech providing AI-driven investment strategies, has acquired the team of Mercurius Betting Intelligence, a company specialized in betting models and sports prediction with artificial intelligence.

Following the 6.2m (5.1m) Series-B round raised in September 2021 which brought MDOTMs total funding to 8.2m the agreement will incorporate Mercurius skills in AI applied to game theory, rare events forecasting and tail risk management into MDOTM expertise. The acquisition also makes the firm one of Europe and the UKs largest investment-focused AI teams with more than 50 data scientists and finance experts split between London and Milan.

Founded by a group of mathematicians in 2017, Mercurius Betting Intelligence specialises in AI technology to control, trade and capitalise on sports betting markets.

The company uses proprietary deep learning algorithms to systematically analyse millions of data points per match, in order to find and exploit inefficient odds in the betting markets.

The unique know-how brought by Mercurius will keep bringing our clients the best technology for investment decision-making, Tommaso Migliore, CEO and founder of MDOTM, said.

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IBM sells off Watson AI healthcare unit – Verdict

Posted: at 10:34 am

IBM is to sell off the data assets of its AI-powered Watson Health operation to private equity firm Francisco Partners, in move which pretty much ends the story for the beleaguered healthcare unit.

Announced on Friday, exact details of the deal were undisclosed, but media reports suggested a sale of more than $1bn.

The sell-off marks an end to IBMs healthcare ambitions, as the Armonk, NY based giant concentrates on its hybrid cloud business. Where reports earlier in the month had suggested IBM was looking to sell off the entirety of the poorly performing unit, last weeks deal is a sale of Watson Healths data and analytics assets.

IBM had previously built out Watson Health through a series of acquisitions totalling more than $4bn. The division facilitated medical research and solution making with a proprietary tool powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Watson supercomputer.

Todays agreement with Francisco Partners is a clear next step as IBM becomes even more focused on our platform-based hybrid cloud and AI strategy, said Tom Rosamilia, Senior Vice President, IBM Software in a statement.

IBM remains committed to Watson, our broader AI business, and to the clients and partners we support in healthcare IT.

Trouble first hit Watson Health when a 2013 venture with MD Anderson Cancer Center to eradicate cancer promised more than it delivered. The project closed in 2017 after a total spend of $62m.

Other healthcare providers pulled away from the service, implying a lack of efficacy. 2018 saw an undisclosed number of layoffs at Watson Health, with its chief stepping down in the same year.

As of 2021, the unit recorded $1bn in annual revenue and no profit.

The move echoes McDonalds recent AI sell-off due to disappointing results, and rumours of an AI winter a period of diminished interest and investment in AI, as has happened more than once already have been circulating in recent times. But its unlikely Big Blue will move completely away from Watson or AI in the immediate future.

IBM, which has been pivoting away from healthcare ventures following the appointment of new CEO Arvind Krishna, is instead refocusing its AI tools to different sectors.

The companys latest AI products show a pivot towards customer engagement, worker productivity and technician aids.

AI in healthcare meanwhile remains a lucrative field:Microsoft acquired the UKs Nuance Communications for $19.7bn last April. The companys primary offering is an AI tool that transcribes doctors notes, along with customer service calls and voicemails to healthcare providers.

GlobalDataforecasts in a recent report on AI in healthcare that the market for AI platforms for the entire health industry will reach $4.3bn by 2024.

IBM Watson Health should be a cautionary tale for all AI vendors, says GlobalData research director Ed Thomas. It demonstrates the potential consequences of overpromising and underdelivering.

The irony is that IBM is getting out of healthcare technology just when others are making big bets on the sector. Oracle bought Cerner for $28 billion in December, while healthcare expertise is a significant factor behind Microsofts $20 billion move for Nuance.

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Top AI and Data Science Hackathons to Apply for in 2022 – Analytics Insight

Posted: at 10:34 am

If you wish to sharpen your skills in AI and data science, you should apply for these hackathons in 2022

With the growing popularity of data science and AI, more people are interested in learning about this sector and there is no better way to learn something through more and more practice and updating the skills. Hackathons are events where people from different corners can come together under the name of competition sharpen their skills and learn more about their competitors. Here are the top AI and data science hackathons for you to apply in 2022.

HackerEarth is a good place for Beginners. It is a place where programmers from all over the world come together to solve problems in a wide range of Computer Science domains such as algorithms, machine learning, or artificial intelligence, as well as to practice different programming paradigms like functional programming.

MachineHack is an online platform for Machine Learning competitions. It is a growing platform with a mission to support the ever-growing data science community and help young aspirants learn and improve their skills in the field of analytics. They host tough business problems that can only find solutions in Machine Learning & Data Science.

Data science hackathons on DataHack enable you to compete with leading data scientists and machine learning experts in the world. This is your chance to work on real-life data science problems, improve your skillset, learn from expert data science and machine learning professionals, and hack your way to the top of the hackathon leaderboard! You also stand a chance to win prizes and get a job at your dream data science company.

The WiDS Datathon aims to inspire women worldwide to learn more about data science, and to create a supportive environment for women to connect with others in their community who share their interests. This years WiDS Datathon, organized by the WiDS Worldwide team, Harvard University IACS, and the WiDS Datathon Committee, will tackle a key way to mitigate the effects of climate change with a focus on energy efficiency. The WiDS Datathon Committee is partnering with experts from many disciplines at Climate Change AI, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and MIT Critical Data. WiDS Datathon participants will analyze regional differences in building energy efficiency, creating models to predict building energy consumption.

For this years Helmholtz GPU Hackathon the organizers have partnered with the Helmholtz Information & Data Science Academy and the AI Campus in Berlin as well as NVIDIA and OpenACC.org, to provide a unique opportunity to all scientists and industry partners to accelerate their AI research and/or HPC codes. All teams will receive expert mentorship from academia and industry leaders to work in a collaborative environment. The Helmholtz GPU Hackathon is a multi-day event designed to help teams of three to six developers accelerate their own codes on GPUs using a programming model or machine learning framework of their choice. Each team is assigned mentors for the duration of the event.

Smart India Hackathon 2022 is a nationwide initiative to provide students a platform to solve some of the pressing problems we face in our daily lives, and thus inculcate a culture of product innovation and a mindset of problem-solving. The themes of this hackathon vary from smart automation to heritage and culture and fitness and many more.

This is an AI-based hackathon that is centered in Canada. The competition is sprint styled and it aims to enable students from all kinds of backgrounds to come together and innovate something unique. It is presented by McMaster artificial intelligence society. The Hackathon will take place from January 21st to 23rd.

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Best AI recruitment tools in Malaysia and Singapore – Human Resources Online

Posted: at 10:34 am

Analysing big data to optimise assets and leverage predictive algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) to boost efficiency and enhance capacity will be essential skills for the tech-driven future.

Its time for recruiting teams to leverage the power of AI software to help them source, filter, and hire the best applications. The winners of this category at the HR Vendors of the Year 2021 provide the best tools that are designed to simplify and make mainstream the process of recruitment, providing HR professionals a game-changing way to hire top talent from any field.

Gold: SHLhttps://www.shl.com/This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Silver: The Talent Gameshttps://thetalentgames.com/This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Bronze: TALENTCLOUD AIhttps://www.talentcloud.ai/ This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Gold: SHLhttps://www.shl.com/

Silver: PeopleStronghttps://www.peoplestrong.com/sg/This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Bronze: The Talent Gameshttps://thetalentgames.com/This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To find out more about the awards or to participate in the 2022 edition:

Photo / 123rf

Follow us onTelegramand onInstagram@humanresourcesonlinefor all the latest HR and manpower news from around the region

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Pony.ai introduces 6th generation autonomous driving system design; road-testing in Toyota S-AM this year – Green Car Congress

Posted: at 10:34 am

Autonomous driving technology company Pony.ai has introduced its 6th generation autonomous driving (AD) system, with leading-edge sensors, NVIDIA DRIVE computing platform solutions, and styling and design features for L4 automotive-grade mass production fleets. The first model equipped with this system, Toyota S-AM, a seven-seat hybrid electric platform for autonomous mobility (earlier post), will start road testing in China this year and be deployed within Pony.ais public-facing robotaxi operations in the first half of 2023.

Pony.ai next-generation autonomous driving system on Toyota Sienna Autono-MaaS (S-AM) platform. (

Pony.ai started to develop the self-driving capabilities for the S-AM China model together with Toyota as early as 2019. Pony.ai believes this highly customized S-AMwith its dual redundancy systemwill provide better functionality and control performance for Level 4 AD development. In addition, as an MPV model, the S-AM has a flexible riding configuration to meet numerous family and professional usage scenarios.

The sensor solution, comprising 23 sensors, includes four solid-state LiDARs on the roof, covering a 360 field of view; three near-range LiDARs on the body of the vehicle, covering the blind spots of the roof LiDARs; four millimeter-wave radars located at the corners of the roof; one long-range forward-facing millimeter-wave radar, and 11 cameras deployed around the roof and body of the vehicle (in a combination of wide angle, super wide angle, middle and long-range, and traffic light detection cameras).

The central mechanical LiDAR has been replaced with solid-state LiDARs. The self-developed traffic light camera has a resolution rate 1.5 times that of the previous generation. Coupled with its in-house Sensor Fusion technology, Pony.ai will significantly reduce the cost associated with the solution by utilizing mass-produced, automotive-grade sensors.

Pony.ai is also introducing its next-generation mass-production autonomous computing unit, using the NVIDIA DRIVE Orin. This builds on Pony.ai and NVIDIAs relationship, which dates back to 2017 when the company first adopted the NVIDIA DRIVE platform.

The Pony.ai next-generation autonomous computing platform, built on NVIDIA DRIVE Orin. NVIDIA DRIVE Orin achieves 254 TOPS (trillion operations per second) of performance, and includes comprehensive CUDA and NVIDIA deep learning accelerator (NVDLA) toolchain support.

Pony.ais autonomous computing unit features low latency, high performance, and high reliability. The company is one of the first in the autonomous vehicle industry to create a product portfolio featuring multiple configurations with one or more DRIVE Orin processors and automotive-grade NVIDIA Ampere architecture GPUs. This enables scalable deployment across self-driving trucks and robotaxis, and accelerates Pony.ais future of a robust, mass-production platform for autonomous vehicles.

Compared with the previous generation computing platform, the new generation is expected to have greater than a 30% increase in computing power, at least 30% less weight, and more than a 30% reduction in cost.

The new generation system has complete redundancy in place, which maximizes safety and enables the vehicle to pull over or stop safely in case of an emergency.

In the S-AM model, Pony.ai is also unveiling a concept design for the new AD system, making the sensor suite more integrated and aesthetically pleasing while also more effective for mass production.

Among other design features, this concept design includes rooftop signaling units which have a horizontal lighting unit on the front and three vertically placed lighting stripes on the rear, to give the vehicle an elegant futuristic touch. By using different colors and lighting combinations, the rooftop signaling units can provide external communication and interaction, demonstrating the robotaxis status and intentions.

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AI Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Before Patient Becomes Aware of Underlying Condition – HospiMedica

Posted: at 10:34 am

For the first time ever, scientists have shown that artificial intelligence (AI) could lead to better ways to predict the onset and course of cardiovascular disease.

A new AI-based system developed by scientists at University of Utah Health (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) mines Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and assesses the combined effects of various risk factors to better predict the onset and outcomes of heart disease. The researchers developed unique computational tools to precisely measure the synergistic effects of existing medical conditions on the heart and blood vessels.

The researchers say this comprehensive approach could help physicians foresee, prevent, or treat serious heart problems, perhaps even before a patient is aware of the underlying condition. Although the study only focused on cardiovascular disease, the researchers believe it could have far broader implications. In fact, they suggest that these findings could eventually lead to a new era of personalized, preventive medicine. Doctors would proactively contact patients to alert them to potential ailments and what can be done to alleviate the problem.

Current methods for calculating the combined effects of various risk factors - such as demographics and medical history - on cardiovascular disease are often imprecise and subjective. As a result, these methods fail to identify certain interactions that could have profound effects on the health of the heart and blood vessels. To more accurately measure how these interactions, also known as comorbidities, influence health, the researchers used machine learning software to sort through more than 1.6 million EHRs after names and other identifying information were deleted.

These electronic records, which document everything that happens to a patient, including lab tests, diagnoses, medication usage, and medical procedures, helped the researchers identify the comorbidities most likely to aggravate a particular medical condition such as cardiovascular disease. In their current study, the researchers used a form of AI called probabilistic graphical networks (PGM) to calculate how any combination of these comorbidities could influence the risks associated with heart transplants, congenital heart disease, or sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND, a disruption or failure of the hearts natural pacemaker).

Among adults, the researchers found that individuals who had a prior diagnosis of cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) were at 86 times higher risk of needing a heart transplant than those who didnt. They also found that those who had viral myocarditis had about a 60 times higher risk of requiring a heart transplant. In addition the usage of milrinone, a vasodilating drug used to treat heart failure, pushed the transplant risk 175 times. This was the strongest individual predictor of heart transplant. In some instances, the combined risk was even greater. For instance, among patients who had cardiomyopathy and were taking milrinone, the risk of needing a heart transplant was 405 times higher than it was for those whose hearts were healthier.

Comorbidities had a significantly different influence on the transplant risk among children, according to the researchers. Overall, the risk of pediatric heart transplant ranged from 17 to 102 times higher than children who didnt have pre-existing heart conditions, depending on the underlying diagnosis. The researchers also examined influences that a mothers health during pregnancy had on her children. Women who had high blood pressure during pregnancy were about twice as likely to give birth to infants who had congenital heart and circulatory problems. Children with Down syndrome had about three times greater risk of having a heart anomaly. Infants who had Fontan surgery, a procedure that corrects a congenital blood flow defect in the heart, were about 20 times more likely to develop SND heart rate dysfunction than those who didnt need the surgery. The researchers also detected important demographic differences. For instance, a Hispanic patient with atrial fibrillation (rapid heartbeat) had twice the risk of SND compared with Blacks and Whites, who had similar medical histories.

We can turn to AI to help refine the risk for virtually every medical diagnosis, said Martin Tristani-Firouzi, M.D. the studys corresponding author and a pediatric cardiologist at U of U Health. The risk of cancer, the risk of thyroid surgery, the risk of diabetesany medical term you can imagine.

This novel technology demonstrates that we can estimate the risk for medical complications with precision and can even determine medicines that are better for individual patients, said Josh Bonkowsky, M.D. Ph.D., Director of the Primary Childrens Center for Personalized Medicine, who believes this research could lead to development of a practical clinical tool for patient care.

Related Links:University of Utah Health

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AI is bringing science fiction to life – ETCIO.com

Posted: at 10:34 am

Humans have been obsessed with immortality since time immemorial. While immortality continues to be a distant dream, science has taken strides in getting humans close to immortality--by increasing the life expectancy and making sure people feel younger, longer. But the secret to immortality lies in understanding the genomics of an individual, observing not just how to treat them for a disease but preventing the disease from happening at the first place.

Precision medicine is an area that's focused on getting you custom-made medicine based on not just your medical history but also your family background, work history, living situation etc. This ensures that for the same problem two different individuals with widely different backgrounds are not given the same one-size-fits-all medicine--ensuring you respond to medication better and there's no guess work in getting you the right treatment.

This is where artificial intelligence comes to the rescue. AI's use in bespoke medicines can truly revolutionize the healthcare industry and that's why in today's lead story, we delve into this topic and explain the role AI really plays in the future of medicine.

Do share your thoughts.

RegardsVarun AggarwalEditor, ETCIOvarun.aggarwal@timesinternet.in

Would you taste these bespoke medicines made with the help of AI?

Researchers and experts have been using Artificial Intelligence in precision medicine to study and better understand genomics of an individual. This study and understanding helps to predict if you are going to have cancer or diabetes in the later years, basis which the right treatment can be given to prevent the disease.

Precision medicine goes deep in the DNA to look for the driver of a disease, what caused it, what drugs will the DNA respond to. This helps healthcare providers alter and tailor the treatments they offer.Read more..

AI at par with specialists in diagnosing prostate cancer: Study

Fifteen of the algorithms were selected to have their performance measured against diagnoses made by specialist uropathologists and general pathologists.Read More

IBM sells its Watson healthcare assets to Francisco Partners

Watson was one of IBM's highest-profile initiatives in recent years and a big bet on the growing healthcare sector. IBM currently has a market value of $108 billion, way behind its Cloud-computing rivals like Amazon and Microsoft. IBM Watson was one of the "strategic imperatives" under former CEO Ginni Rometty. Read more

Google AI tools bring back women in science to the fore

Google has developed new machine learning (ML) tools for use by curators at the Smithsonian in the US to help uncover and highlight many roles women have played in science over more than 174 years of history. Read more

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Arena Download – Complete GUI for chess engines that will …

Posted: at 10:33 am

Offers assistance in analyzing a chess game, the way the chess pawns have been moved, the tactics and also you can play a game of chess. Besides it also provides testing solutions for chess engines. It is compatible with Winboard protocol I, II and UCI protocol I, II.

Arena is a complete GUI for chess engines. The program already comes with an engine that enables you to play against the computer, but it also supports almost all popular engines. The program is vastly customizable and easy to use, so you create exactly the kind of game you want. Thanks to the adjustable strength, you can select the difficulty level and increase it as you get more acquainted with game and more skillful.

What is great is that the program provides detailed information about moves and thinking process of the computer. This can help you learn from the engine to defeat your enemies faster. You can even play online with other people or create tournaments between two engines to learn from them too. Other useful features of the program include printing capabilities, support of the DGT Chessboard, EPD and PGN support, user interface available in multiple languages, to name but a few. In short, Arena is a wonderful program that includes everything chess players need to become professional players.

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A hundred years of exactitude: Jos Ral Capablanca – TheArticle

Posted: at 10:33 am

In the summer of 1922, a century ago, London played host to a galaxy of international chess stars, including Alexander Alekhine , Akiba Rubinstein and Efim Bogoljubov. But the most incandescent amongst this stellar congregation was the Cuban genius, Jos Ral Capablanca. The previous year Capa, as he was widely known, had crushed the incumbent world champion, Emanuel Lasker, by the score of four wins to zero, with ten draws. This was one of the very few world title clashes in which the winner lost no games at all. Indeed, Capa established a reputation for invincibility and accuracy which remains undiminished to this day.

Full cross table of London 1922

Jos Ral Capablanca y Graupera (1888-1942) was world chess champion from 1921-1927. Apart from accuracy and invincibility, Capa was widely renowned for his exceptional strategic vision, endgame skill and speed of play.

Capablanca s victory over the dominant American champion, Frank Marshall in a 1909 match earned him an invitation to the 1911 San Sebastian tournament, which, against all initial odds, he won ahead of players such as Akiba Rubinstein, Aron Nimzowitsch and Siegbert Tarrasch. Capa only received his invitation at Marshalls generous insistence and over the objections of established Grandmasters, Aron Nimzowitsch and OssipBernstein. This grandmasterly duo complained about the inclusion of a relative neophyte, but in an almost inevitable stroke of poetic justice, Capa trounced both of them in their individual encounters.

Capablanca finally won the world chess championship title from Emanuel Lasker in 1921 , thus contributing to an extraordinary record in that Capa was undefeated from 10 February 1916 until 21 March 1924, a period that included the world championship match against Lasker. To go for eight years without loss, including several international standard tournaments, a world championship match and the cosmic gathering in London a century ago, is a record which is likely to stand until chess as we know it is no longer played.

Capablanca lost the title in 1927 to Alexander Alekhine, who, astonishingly, had never beaten Capablanca before this match. Following unsuccessful attempts to arrange a rematch over subsequent years, relations between the two colossi became embittered. Capablanca continued his excellent tournament results, including first prizes in Moscow and Nottingham, but he also suffered from symptoms of high blood pressure. He died in 1942 of a brain haemorrhage.

Capablanca excelled in simplified positions and endgames; Bobby Fischer, employing his easy going transatlantic vernacular, described him as possessing a real light touch. He could play tactical chess when necessary, although he rarely invited complications, and possessed iron defensive technique. He wrote several chess books, of which Chess Fundamentals was regarded somewhat controversially, I might add by Mikhail Botvinnik as the best chess book ever written.

Despite his books, Capablanca preferred not to engage in detailed analysis but focused on critical moments in a game. His style of chess influenced the play of future world champions such as Vassily Smyslov, Tigran Petrosian, Bobby Fischer and Anatoly Karpov. A major difference, though, was Capa s reluctance to research and innovate in the openings and his reliance on his own instinct, talent and genius to support him in any situation or predicament.

Five years after his triumph in London, Capa undertook his most strenuous challenge since his struggle with Lasker for the world sceptre. The New York chess tournament, held between 19 February and 23 March 1927, involved six of the worlds strongest masters playing a quadruple round-robin, with the others being Alexander Alekhine, Rudolf Spielmann, Milan Vidmar, Aron Nimzowitsch and Frank Marshall.

Before the tournament, Capablanca wrote that he had more experience but less power than in 1911, that he had peaked around 1919 and that some of his competitors had gained in strength in the intervening years. In spite of such pessimistic forebodings, Capablanca enjoyed overwhelming success, finishing undefeated with 14/20, winning the micro-matches with each of his rivals, 2 points ahead of second-placed Alekhine, and won a special prize for a victory over Spielmann.

Since Capablanca had won the New York 1927 chess tournament overwhelmingly and had never lost a game to Alekhine, most pundits regarded the Cuban as the clear favourite in their World Chess Championship 1927 match. But Alekhine won the match, played from September to November 1927 at Buenos Aires, by 6 wins, 3 losses, and 25 draws the longest World Championship match ever, until the aborted contest in 198485 between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov.

Alekhines victory surprised almost the entire chess world. After Capablancas passing, Alekhine himself expressed surprise at his own victory, since in 1927 he had not truly believed that he was superior to Capablanca, and he suggested that Capablanca had been overconfident. Capablanca entered the fray with no technical or physical preparation, while Alekhine trained himself into good physical condition and had closely studied Capablancas play, in the course of which thorough investigation he convinced himself that he had found some promising chinks in the champions armour.

In his last major appearance, Capablanca played for Cuba in the 8th Chess Olympiad, held in Buenos Aires in 1939, and won the gold medal for the best performance on the top board. According to the extensive essay on Capa to be found on Wikipedia, for which I am grateful for many of the facts in this column, while Capablanca and Alekhine (France) were both representing their countries in Buenos Aires, Capablanca made a final attempt to arrange a World Championship match. Alekhine declined, saying he was obliged to help defend his adopted homeland, since World War II had just broken out. This was a strange decision, since Alekhine was then in his late forties and an unlikely candidate for strenuous or indeed any military service. As fate would have it, Alekhine would have done better to stay in Buenos Aires and contest a match against Capablanca on the spot.

Alekhine wrote in a 1942 tribute to Capablanca: Capablanca was snatched from the chess world much too soon. With his death, we have lost a very great chess genius whose like we shall never see again. Lasker once said: I have known many chess players, but only one chess genius: Capablanca.

Capa has been an inspiration for chess in Cuba ever since, culminating in the 1966 Havana Olympiad, where I, as a member of the England team, was even invited to dinner with Fidel Castro. An annual Capablanca Memorial tournament has also been held in Cuba, most often in Havana, since 1962. In 1974 I had the honour of being invited and winning the Capablanca Masters.

Astonishingly, Capablanca lost only 34 serious tournament and match games during his adult career. Again, according to Wiki statistics, he was undefeated from 10 February 1916, when he lost to Oscar Chajes in the New York 1916 tournament, to 21 March 1924, when he succumbed to the revolutionary Hypermodern complexities of Richard Rti in the New York International tournament. During this unbeaten streak, which included his 1921 World Championship match against Lasker, Capablanca racked up 63 tournament or match games, winning 40 and drawing 23.

In fact, only Frank Marshall, Emanuel Lasker, Alexander Alekhine and Rudolf Spielmann were able to win two or more formal games from the mature Capablanca, though in most cases their overall lifetime scores were minus (Capablanca beat Marshall +202=28, Lasker +62=16, Alekhine +97=33). Only Spielmann was level (+22=8). Of top players, Paul Keres alone had a narrow plus score against Capa (+10=5). Keress sole win came at the AVRO tournament of 1938 in Holland. This event was staged on the peripatetic principle of holding different rounds each day in separate towns. During this tournament Capablanca turned 50, while Keres was 22. It was overall Capas worst performance and it can certainly be explained, partly by age disparity, poor health and constant travel favouring younger players, but also by Capas infelicitous choice of the French Defence, which did not suit his fluid style.

Statistical ranking systems place Capablanca high among the greatest of all time. Nathan Divinsky and I, in our book Warriors of the Mind (1989) ranked him fifth, behind Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov, Bobby Fischer and Mikhail Botvinnik but immediately ahead of Emanuel Lasker. In his 1978 book The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present, Arpad Elo allotted retrospective ratings to players based on their performance over the best five-year span of their career. He concluded that Capablanca was the strongest of those surveyed, with Lasker and Botvinnik sharing second place.

Most importantly for my theme, a 2006 engine-based study found that Capablanca was the most accurate of all the World Champions, when compared with computer analysis of World Championship match games. This was confirmed by a 2011 computer analysis from the duo of Bratko and Guido, using the strong engines Rybka 2 and Rybka 3. In other words, Capa had, up to that moment, been the most exact champion of all time, certainly of the champions who trained without computers in the pre-Carlsen era.

Boris Spassky, World Champion from 1969 to 1972, considered Capablanca the best player of all time. As we have seen, Bobby Fischer, who held the title from 1972 to 1975, admired Capablancas light touch and ability to see the right move instantly. Fischer reported that in the 1950s, veteran members of the Manhattan Chess Club recalled Capablancas blitz chess exploits with absolute awe.

Capablanca excelled in simplified positions and endgames, and his strategic judgment was outstanding, to such an extent that attempts to attack him directly almost always foundered on his impervious defence. Nevertheless, Capa could also play stirring tactical chess when necessary most famously in the 1918 Manhattan Chess Club Championship tournament, whenFrank Marshall sprang a deeply analysed prepared variation on him,which he refuted while playing under the constraints of a time limit. He was also capable of aggressive tactical play to exploit a positional advantage, provided he considered it the most secure and efficient way to win for example against Spielmann in the 1927 New York tournament.

In summary, Capa was a phenomenon, a sportsman without nerves, blessed with astoundingly rapid sight of the board and a nearly infallible instinct for the right move in any situation. If, as I believe, mathematics, music and chess in some way manifest the harmony of the universe, then Capablanca represents chess in the way that Pythagoras stands for mathematics and Mozart exemplifies music.

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A hundred years of exactitude: Jos Ral Capablanca - TheArticle

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