Daily Archives: November 28, 2021

It has been Margaret Thatcher Week for some in the Conservative Party. Monday (22 November) marked the 31st anniversary of her fall from power, and the Centre for Policy Studies (CPS, a think tank she helped form) commemorated the occasion by hosting the Margaret Thatcher Conference on Trade. To underline her continued significance and relevance, both David Frost and the Prime Minister addressed the conference.

Some peoples minds may have recently drifted back to November 1990 as they recalled a blonde, charismatic, electorally successful but divisive prime minister losing the confidence of their MPs and being forced from office.

I would not draw the parallels too far. As I argued last week, I do not think Conservative MPs are about to remove Boris Johnson. In addition, because she was such a substantial figure, her defenestration was an extraordinary moment in our political history that will not be replicated, even by Boris Johnsons eventual political demise.

The post-1990 history of the Conservative Party has been defined by the events of that November. Which side were you on? For the Lady, or against?

Margaret Thatcher may have lost office but a powerful new legend was created. She perished because she resisted the moves to a European super-state; her pro-European cabinet colleagues had betrayed her at the end but even before that, she had been forced into the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) against her better judgement; and she was clear-eyed as to the risks of UK membership of the single currency. She was punished, much of the Conservative Party has concluded, for being right about Europe.

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Of course, the truth is a little more complicated. The poll tax was a colossal error and cost Thatcher support. Had she survived, Labour may well have won the next general election. I think she was right about the ERM but its strongest advocate, Nigel Lawson, was and is a prominent Eurosceptic. And her scepticism about the single currency was justified, but even without her we stayed outside it.

Nonetheless, for many Conservatives the events of November 1990 were an occasion when they picked a side the Eurosceptic side, the anti-establishment side, the plucky, heroic and romantic side and few had reason to regret it.

A generation later, unexpectedly large numbers of Conservative politicians and then Conservative voters, when faced with a binary choice, went for the romantic option Leave. It is easy to believe that for some this was an act of consistency. If you were Eurosceptic in 1990, you supported Margaret Thatcher, and if you were Eurosceptic in 2016, you backed Brexit. Pick a side and stick to it.

On this point, however, the truth is a lot more complicated. Contrary to the hopes of many of its advocates, Brexit does not constitute continuity Thatcherism.

The Prime Ministers speech to the CPS post-conference dinner on 22 November will not be as long remembered as his performance in front of the Confederation of British Industry earlier the same day, during which he referenced Peppa Pig and lost his place in his notes. It was, however, interesting in its appraisal of Thatcher. Johnson professed to be a Thatcher fan and noted the amazing things she did for free markets and her critical role in support of free trade. But he also declares that she has a blot on her record and she had a blind spot. Not only did she campaign to join the common market that handed away this countrys ability to control its own trade policy, but that she was later persuaded that she needed to go further and agree to another cession of powers in the mid-1980s by creating the single market.

The cognitive dissonance is striking. In a speech supposedly celebrating free trade and Margaret Thatcher, Johnson criticised the two policies she supported joining the common market and creating the single market that did most to remove trade barriers.

Brexiteer free-traders appear incapable of understanding some straightforward points that Thatcher grasped when in office. Free trade is not defined solely by tariffs (as it largely was in the 19th century); non-tariff barriers are a bigger issue in modern economies (see the governments complaints about Britain-to-Northern Ireland trade); and that the most effective means of reducing them is a system of shared rules with institutions to enforce them. You can withdraw from those institutions, but it comes at a cost of higher trade barriers.

David Frosts speech at the conference argued that the UK must use its new autonomy to diverge from the European social model and, if not, we will not succeed. His formula for success consists of low taxes (I agree with the Chancellor our goal must be to lower taxes, which some took as a dig at the Prime Minister Et tu, Frostie?) light-touch and proportionate regulation and free trade.

This is all very Thatcherite but a world away from the realities of Brexit. Free trade, as I have mentioned, has been diminished as we have erected barriers with our largest market; businesses face a mountain of new regulatory burdens if they wish to trade with the EU; and taxes are going up, in part because the economy will be 4 per cent smaller than it would otherwise have been. Meanwhile, the Conservatives support has become more social democratic in its outlook.

Brexit may have been seen by its advocates as a reaffirmation of Thatcherism, but the reality is that in giving us a higher taxed, more bureaucratic, less open economy it is its repudiation.

[See also: The best way to boost economic growth is to reverse hard Brexit]

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The Brexit project is betraying everything Margaret Thatcher stood for - New Statesman

With less than a month to go until Christmas, many retailers are not only having to deal with the impact of the pandemic and a global supply chain crisis but are also experiencing the full impact of Brexit on festive demands for the first time.

Here we talk to the people behind four key components of the festive period to see whether we will notice the impact in our houses and at our tables this year.

CHRISTMAS TREES

An estimated six to eight million Christmas trees are sold every year in the UK each of which has to be felled, pulled out of the field, packed and handed over to the customer.

Usually growers rely on the help of a seasonal workforce to get the job done, many of whom come from outside the UK. But this year, as a result of Brexit, growers have had to find local labourers to step in who may not be as skilled and as a result took longer to do the work. It is feared that this, along with Brexit-related transport issues, could lead to tree shortages.

Christopher Hood, the director and founder of Swindon-based Needlefresh, the UKs largest supplier of trees to blue-chip retail businesses such as Waitrose and Tesco, said that in more than 30 years of working in the business, this season has been one of his hardest and the first time that he has really felt the Brexit effect.

This is the first year weve had real challenges with labour and with transport. We felt it much more this year than last year. He usually hires 80 to 90 people each year, many of whom usually come from eastern Europe. But this year he had to find and train local labourers.

Another factor causing issues is transport, caused by a shortage of HGV drivers and the fact that most British trees are grown in Scotland.

Hood, whose company uses 700 lorries a year to move trees around the country, said: Were having to work a lot harder to get the results and were having to ask customers to be much more flexible as to when they take delivery of the trees.

While he believes he will satisfy all of his tree orders, he has heard that some growers are getting extremely behind. He said it is too early to say whether there will be shortages, but that it will become apparent in the next two weeks. It wont be a matter of availability of product, it will be the ability to get that product to market.

The British Christmas Tree Growers Association reported a rise in early inquiries from retailers but urged shoppers not to panic.

ALCOHOL

Amid Brexit border control issues, shortages of HGV drivers and other staff, combined with pandemic business closures and global shipping disruption, industry leaders have warned of a cocktail of chaos that they say could lead to Christmas alcohol shortages.

In a letter to transport secretary Grant Shapps last week a group of 48 wine and spirits companies said rising costs and supply chain chaos have caused delays in wine and spirit deliveries which could lead to empty drinks aisles in supermarkets.

Miles Beale, the chief executive of the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, which coordinated the letter, said the confluence of factors has led to problems in the supply chain leaving our wine and spirit members faced with major issues getting deliveries to supermarkets, off-licences, pubs and restaurants. He called on the government to take action as a matter of urgency to save British business from facing huge losses.

Pierre Mansour, director of wine at Stevenage-based the Wine Society, said despite having planned for Brexit since the middle of last year, it has made moving stock from vineyards in Europe to the UK the most logistically and operationally challenging Christmas weve had to date.

In the last 12 weeks of 2019, not including bar, pub and restaurant sales, over 403 million bottles of wine and spirits were sold in the UK, according to Nielsen data, with a total value of 3.4bn. Will there be enough to go around this year?

With shipping times doubled, Mansour advised people to order early, especially if they want a specific brand. Already he said demand is higher than this time last year, which was a record-breaking year for the cooperative wine merchant, with many customers ordering magnums for, Covid-permitting, big family gatherings.

TOYS AND GIFTS

After months of talk of fears of empty shelves in toy shops as a result of the global shipping crisis, industry leaders say there will be toys on the shelves after all, but that if youre looking for something specific, its best to buy it sooner rather than later.

Brexit has led to labour shortages in warehouses and especially for HGV drivers, leading to shortages throughout the supply chain.

Roland Earl, director general of the British Toy & Hobby Association, said: There will be toys in the shops but there might not be as many choices as there might be in a normal year. For those seeking a specific gift, he advised people to buy it when they see it rather than wait because once it sells out restocking is difficult.

This festive season has been, he said, a bit of a nightmare for the industry with multiple things all happening at the same time.

FOOD

While fears around turkey availability appear to have calmed for now, after the government introduced a temporary visa scheme for seasonal poultry workers, the supply of other Christmas staples such as pigs in blankets is still less than certain.

Earlier this month the National Pig Association said thousands of pigs had been culled on British farms, and thousands of more were likely to follow, because of a shortage of skilled labour in the UK following Brexit and warned of a catastrophic collapse in the price of pork.

The government has introduced an emergency visa scheme for 800 butchers to come from outside the UK in the run-up to Christmas but they are reportedly not expected to start work until January.

Sophie Hope, a pig farmer at Alexander and Angell Farms in Gloucestershire, said a shortage of skilled workers in processing plants who usually come from the EU has led to a backlog of pigs. That in turn has led to some farmers having to cull pigs on site which means they cannot be sold. Others end up with pigs that are too big and lose half their value. Hope believes there will be shortages of British pork at Christmas. Theres not a shortage of pigs on the ground, but theyre not being able to be slaughtered and processed, she said. She fears shops may instead import pork to fill gaps on shelves, which she said, obviously doesnt help us British farmers at all.

Meanwhile, shoppers appear to be getting their orders for Christmas food in early. Marks & Spencer said it closed its Christmas food-order service early this year because all the slots were taken more quickly than normal despite having more slots: Theres not been a supply issue but certainly shoppers did shop early.

A government spokesperson said the food supply chain is highly resilient and has coped well in responding to unprecedented challenges.

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Its Brexmas! From turkeys to alcohol, how will shortages affect Christmas? - The Guardian

After the UK left the EU last year and the Brexit transition period ended, British nationals were regarded as third country citizens by Brussels. Britons saw their freedom of movement within the 27-member trading bloc come to an end. UK travellers may still visit the Schengen Area without a visa but are limited to stays of up to 90 days during a 180-day period. The Schengen Area is designed to do away with passport and border controls for the zones 26 member states.

The group of countries signed up to Schengen is slightly different to the EUs 27 member states.

One of the Schengen countries where the 90-day rule now applies to Britons is Spain, which attracts millions of UK travellers each year.

Maura Hillen, a legal expert in the country, told Express.co.uk how the authorities there were implementing the EUs 90-day rule.

The Irish expat, who has lived in Spain for 14 years, and has campaigned for the rights of British expats, is the spokesperson of the property association Abusos Urbansticos Andaluca No.

She warned that Britons who dont have Spanish residency who overstay their welcome could now be given marching orders to return to the UK because of the EUs 90-day stay rule, and that repeat offenders can even be detained.

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In Spain, overstaying is considered a serious breach of the law, which can result in fines of up to 10,000 (8,462), a ban from the Schengen Area for six months to five years, and even expulsion from the country.

Ms Hillen said the punishments were dependent on the circumstances of where and when Britons are found to have broken the 90-day limit.

She said: It depends on if you're in the airport or if they pick you up in a town where they know you can get a flight, they might give you 24 hours to get out of the country.

But otherwise, if they know you need to travel to actually reach a port, they might give you three or four days to leave the country or if there's extenuating circumstances, they can give you longer.

But if you're a repeat offender or if you're not very compliant, I believe they do have the power to put you in a detention centre.

Ms Hillen told Express.co.uk: It depends on your circumstances. It depends on the humour of the particular border official on the day.

The expert said her friend, a retired border official, had also suggested the Spanish authorities may take a subjective approach in their application of the law.

She said: If you have a legitimate reason for overstaying they might say make sure you get back to your home country within the next three days and they may not put a note on your record.

The expert added that, although the authorities have the power to detain Britons who overstay their welcome, it is not really an option that they would go for.

Britons can appeal against rejected residency applications via two avenues, each of which has to be completed within a month.

Ms Hillen said: I have heard of instances where people were already residents here, but their residency applications were rejected when they applied for residency, perhaps because they lived so far under the radar, they couldn't prove they've lived here.

In those circumstances if you're already in the country and your residency is turned down, you're given a period of time to appeal.

If the appeal is turned down, then I do understand that you're given your marching orders to return to your own country within a particular time period.

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Brexit chaos as Britons breaking 90-day Schengen rule given 24 hours to return to UK - Daily Express

A

declaration has been signed at hundreds of locations across Northern Ireland urging Boris Johnson to listen to unionist opposition to the Brexit Protocol.

There is anger among unionists and loyalists at the post-Brexit trade arrangements which see the region treated differently to the rest of the United Kingdom to avoid placing a hard border in Ireland.

The declaration, organised by the Orange Order, was signed on tables covered in Union flags at an estimated 250 Orange Halls across Northern Ireland.

The initiative had echoes of the signing of the Ulster Covenant in 1912 against home rule in Ireland. That was signed by almost 500,000, some reportedly with their own blood.

Harold Henning, deputy grand master of the Orange Order, said the declaration is in support of the anti-protocol stance taken by leaders of the unionist parties.

He said there is strong feeling against Northern Ireland being treated differently to the rest of the United Kingdom, and the impact this has on businesses.

Mr Henning, who visited several of the halls where the declaration was signed, said people are frustrated.

There was also an opportunity to sign the declaration online.

Mr Henning said they will not know the total number of signatures until they are collated next week, but said he assumed tens of thousands have already signed it.

When you have all the unionist-elected politicians against the protocol, why is the message not getting through? he told the PA news agency.

People are coming out to sign and say, hold on, listen to us.

At this stage we are leaving it to our politicians to try and sort this out, and I hope they can do it, and I hope our Prime Minister listens, and I hope Europe listens, because thus far, they have not been listening.

Mr Henning said the declaration will be presented to Mr Johnson at Downing Street.

Earlier this year, demonstrations against the protocol organised on social media were followed by rioting, but Mr Henning described the declaration as a peaceful means to express frustrations.

He added there could be further moves taken if deemed necessary.

There will be more, this is one part at this time and well see what progresses, but hopefully theyll listen, he said.

I dont think there will be another declaration but there will be moves in other directions to keep the pressure on and get the message out to Dublin, Europe, and to our Prime Minister, who needs to listen to the unionist people of Northern Ireland.

It may be more gatherings, rallies, thats in the future. At the minute, its being left to the politicians to do their best to sort it out.

DUP MP Carla Lockhart was among those who signed the declaration at Carleton Street Orange Hall on Saturday.

She said it was great to see a steady stream of people joining in.

It shows the strength of feeling there is on the ground amongst the unionist people against the protocol, the damage it is doing economically and constitutionally to Northern Ireland, she said.

Talks remain ongoing between the UK and EU about the protocol under which Northern Ireland effectively remains in the single market for goods.

This helps to avoid a hard border with Ireland but increases checks and barriers to trade on goods crossing the Irish Sea from Great Britain, making it a source of tension in unionist communities.

The DUP has urged the Government to trigger Article 16 of the protocol, which would suspend parts of the agreement and risk a major escalation in tensions with the EU

Ms Lockhart added: We at Westminster will continue to fight the protocol, we will continue to urge the government to urgently act and trigger Article 16.

The protocol must go.

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Declaration opposing the Brexit Protocol signed in 250 Orange Halls - Evening Standard

Britain was excluded from the 80billion Horizon Europe project amid tension over the Northern Ireland protocol issue and post-Brexit disputes over fishing licenses. While Britain has been told it can re-join if those disputes are settled, modern history professor Jan Palmowski argues the prolonged back-and-forth is weakening the EU's stance globally. Prof Palmowski, of University of Warwick, wrote: Disrupting this seamless collaboration with partners in the UK and Switzerlandwhich is also excluded from associate-member status due to problems with wider negotiations with the EUwill undermine the global competitiveness of European science in the EU and beyond.

While some experts fear exclusion from the project could be harmful for British science, Prof Palmowski believes the UK may have the upper hand in this situation.

He wrote: Europes research and innovation sector has been vocal in calling on the EU to fulfil its treaty obligations and activate UK association.

But in doing so, is it complicit in allowing the UK to cherry-pick, opting for collaboration when it suits and non-compliance at other times?

Lord Frost lashed out at the EU earlier this month for ignoring the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), an aspect of the Brexit deal he claimed has not been violated by Britain.

But the UK remains banned from Horizon Europe - despite this being a feature of the TCA.

He told the House of Lords: We agreed we would participate in this in the TCA.

"The TCA is clear, the UK shall participate and the relevant protocol shall be adopted, that is an obligation.

"If it became clear that the EU will not deliver that obligation and it has not done so far we will regard them as in breach of Article 710 of the TCA."

And with the UK still currently banned, it means the UK may use the 6.9billion of funds allocated for Horizon Europe for their own alternative plan.

Chancellor Rishi Sunak confirmed the nearly 7billion fund allocated for the UKs Horizon Europe membership could be spent on domestic research in a four-year commitment.

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The initial plans was to contribute 2.1billion annually to the programme so British scientists and researchers could have access to an array of European science projects.

The UK has expressed a strong interest in being included in the project, and Mr Palmowski has suggested that the EU could benefit from UK involvement too.

He wrote: Both sides have an interest in UK association to Horizon Europe. Past funding from research and innovation programmes, including from the European Research Council, underpins the research that led to the breakthrough BioNTech and Oxford vaccines that have helped both sides of the Channel return to some semblance of normality.

Funding from European Framework Programmes has been instrumental in addressing global crises, from the Covid pandemic to the Ebola virus.

But with Article 16 on the cards, there are fears that Britain may never be allowed to re-join the project.

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While Article 16 could be triggered by either side, Lord Frost has said this is very much on the table".

And Vice European Commissioner Maros Sefcovic warned triggering Article 16 could have serious consequences.

James Wilsdon, from the Universty of Sheffield, toldExpress.co.uk: "If Article 16 is invoked, I would think that it would take our association with the project off the table entirely.

"In terms of where the science piece of this sits, clearly the Commission has been very explicit that they don't see a resolution to the trade association agreement without a resolution of those bigger questions."

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EU fury as Brexit talk 'disruptions' risk losing 7bn UK funds and 'undermines' bloc - Daily Express

Given the challenges ahead, the European Union will need to show flexibility to keep both its flock and its values together.

Representational image. Reuters

As the Merkel era ends in Germany, the country and the European Union (EU) are being reminded of the perils that remain, despite her best efforts. The crisis in Poland, and with Belarus have highlighted the contradictions which the EU faces.

The more recent crisis has been at the Polish border with Belarus, which has also impacted the Belarus-Lithuania border. Belarus is accused of admitting large numbers of West Asian migrants and unleashing them at the borders of the EU, mainly Poland and Lithuania. This is purported to be a retaliation for EU sanctions on Belarus following the election of President Alexander Lukashenko last year. The sanctions hurt enough for Belarus to adopt this unique model of pushing migrants into the EU.

Nearly 35,000 migrants are said to be around the Belarus-Polish border. Most of them are Kurds, but others are from Syria, Iraq and other places. Belarus is accused of easing immigration controls and encouraging large numbers of flights to bring them in and then visibly guide them towards the Polish border to put pressure on the EU. Most of the Kurds intend to cross Polish territory to enter Germany where they have relatives or friends. Thus, Germany could face the tribulation of another wave of migration, which signaled the last years of the Merkel era in 2015. Merkel herself stepped in to talk to Lukashenko and others to ease the crisis which raises anxieties.

Soon, Merkel will not be the Chancellor of Germany, but the problem of migration into the EU, particularly into Germany, will remain.

This has overtaken the internal EU problems which Brussels was having with Warsaw. A judgement by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal (PCT) in response to a case introduced by the Prime Minister of Poland, Mateusz Morawiecki, held that Poland's national legislation was not subordinate to EU laws and commitments. This raised serious issues of compliance by EU member states with EU laws which they undertook when they joined the EU.

The PCT emphasised the incompatibility of Polish laws with four particular articles of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU). These are Article 1, Article 2, Article 4(3), and Article 19.

Article 1 laid the foundation of the EU. Article 2 lays down normative values including rule of law, freedom, democracy, equality, and respect for human rights. Article 4(3) emphasises mutual respect in assisting each other in implementing tasks emerging from the treaties. Article 19 permits the European Court of Justice (CJEU) to ensure that in the interpretation and application of treaties, the EU law is observed. By enunciating incompatibility, the Polish establishment has in effect rejected the enforceability of the EU laws in Poland

Among the issues which Poland is accused of violating are controls over the media, curbing LGBT and abortion rights, and circumscribing judicial independence. Supporters of the Polish efforts see it asserting its sovereignty in an indirect manner to enhance economic well-being. The ruling right-wing Law and Justice Party (PiS) has strong popular support which has not diminished despite its curbing of rights and judicial and media independence.

Poland is the largest economy in Central Europe and its economic resilience has grown since it joined the EU in 2004. About 73 percent of Polish exports go to EU countries; the EU accounts for 88 percent of FDI inflows; thousands of Polish workers are employed in other EU countries, showing the economic interdependence of Poland and the EU. However, due to its violation of EU values and laws, the EU has stopped funds of euro 57 billion of which euro 23 billion was granted for dealing with the pandemic and euro 34 billion loan under the special dispensation which the EU passed last year.

This seems unlikely due to the economic interdependence. Also, the ruling and opposition parties are both pro-Europe. It is more likely that Poland needs the EU euro 57 billion which is on hold and is leveraging various domestic positions to pressurise Brussels. Former president of the European Council, Donald Tusk, who is an opposition leader of the Civic Platform in Poland, supports a defence of a European Poland. The current regime is willing to put that concept at risk to secure a better deal from Brussels. It faces an election in 2022 and wants to burnish its credentials.

In the midst of this crisis, came the Belarus effort to thrust migrants into Poland. Poland reacted with severity and used strong tactics to prevent the entry of migrants which Poland feared would be stranded within Poland as other EU countries may not accept them. This led to a strange situation where internally the EU was uncomfortable with Polish actions but externally was bound to defend it.

The Polish Prime Minister has been on a tour of the Baltic countries to lobby support for the Polish position relating to migration. He then visited France, Slovenia, Germany and the UK to discuss a united European position. Brussel's fear is that this diplomatic effort is also to gain sympathy for Poland on internal EU issues.

European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen has spoken of three ways in which the Commission can respond: Legally challenging the court ruling, withholding EU funds, and suspending Polands rights as a member state. The suspension of emergency funds is underway. Suspending Poland is an unlikely option. Legally challenging the PCT ruling in the European Court of Justice (CJEU) may be the stopgap option.

The problem is that such voices of dissent while staying within the EU are growing in several members and the EU will need to show flexibility to keep both its flock and its values together.

The writer is a former Ambassador to Germany. Views expressed are personal.

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Post-Brexit, the idea of European Union faces another challenge this time from Belarus and Poland - Firstpost

Earlier this month, The Spectator, a conservative British magazine established in 1828, sold an NFT of what its editor, Fraser Nelson, said is perhaps the best-known of all its front covers. Produced for the magazines 18 June 2016 edition by the political cartoonist Morten Morland, the image shows a Union Jack emblazoned butterfly emerging triumphant from a collapsing box dotted with EU stars. The text reads, Out - and into the world.

As Nelson has written, the cover acted as the magazines announcement that it was backing Brexit, only days before the UK public voted in the referendum that would see the country follow that course. The image was something of a hit with pro-Brexit Britons but was also relatively rare in being a professionally-produced, notable piece of artwork that fell on that side of the argument.

While The Spectators cover successfully got its message across to an appreciative audience, contemporary art produced in reaction to Brexit has tended to take a Remainer line. Not surprising, supporters of Brexit might say, given the internationalist, left-leaning art world aligns nicely with the kinds of liberal elites they were hoping to dethrone. For anti-Brexit Remainers, though, an alternative vision of Morlands butterfly might have been an ascendent dusty moth, with a Northern Ireland-sized chunk missing from one of its wings.

As we all know, it has been a long journey since the butterfly burst out of its box. The protracted negotiations between the UK and EU over the formers exit have led to post Brexit regulations finally coming into play at the same time as the continent has been dealing with the COVID-19 crisis. While UK consumers have become used to empty supermarket shelves, petrol queues and shipping delays, its not always easy to separate out Brexit-induced self-harm from the effects of the pandemic. Like other industries, the art world has faced a situation where Brexit and Covid-19 have come together to hit hard with a combination of blows. The most forceful strikes have come from the pandemic, but complications directly attributable to Brexit are also becoming apparent.

For UK and EU galleries, the biggest Brexit issue is now the increased cost, paperwork and effort involved in moving artwork between the two regulatory regimes. European galleries attending Londons Frieze art fair in October this year, for example, noted the increased difficulty of getting their artists work to what is the biggest annual event in the UK art scene.

Brexit is also starting to impact arts education, with EU students coming to the UK now having to pay the considerable tuition fees applicable to international students from the rest of the world. Correspondingly, UK art students have lost the easy access they once had to courses across the continent, some of which previously afforded them free tuition.

Whether such factors have a negative or realigning effect on the commercial art world long-term remains to be seen. Asked whether Brexit has negatively affected the art market from a UK perspective, a spokesperson for the auction house Christies was notably upbeat, saying Our London sales are international; in this years (2021) Art Basel / UBS Report on the global art market, it was stated that 87% of the value of the UK market was made up of non-EU trade. So we remain confident that London will remain at the centre of the global art market.

The spokesperson added that this years Frieze was well attended, with a real buzz, and that many had travelled from around Europe and the US to attend. They also noted that 2021 sales have been strong, with bidding activity in recent London auctions fairly evenly split between Europe, Asia and the Americas.

The global nature of operations like Christies that sit at the top of the art market means they are well adjusted to having to deal with different regulatory regimes. Leading UK and EU galleries are also perfectly at home attending art fairs in the USA and Hong Kong, and in selling work to collectors in China and the Middle East. Londons central position within this system bodes well for the kind of open, global Britain that The Spectator editor Nelson suggests is embodied by Morlands butterfly image. Even so, the spokesperson for Christies acknowledges that there have been "changes to adapt to because of Brexit."

"For example, those who have bought and sold via our Paris or London salesrooms, but are based in the opposite city, will notice the mechanics and processes for shipping and tax have changed. As a global business, we know the procedures as we use them regularly. Problems may arise with external suppliers (i.e. shipping) with the increased volume, but we have anticipated this with our regular suppliers and Christies team. For other players in our industry, though, it has been more challenging.

Offering his perspective across the sea from the UK, Fons Hof, the longstanding director of the Art Rotterdam art fair, says that the combination of Brexit and COVID-19 has had a definite impact: Yes, there is definitely a big difference. The Corona measurements for non-EU galleries made it difficult to participate in the last, postponed edition of Art Rotterdam in July. Also transporting the artworks has become a lot more complicated for English galleries. The small galleries in particular did not oversee all this and decided not to participate. Nevertheless, I expect that these English galleries will also get used to the temporary import of works of art when they do a fair in the EU. And with that, I think the participation of English galleries will normalise again in the future.

With the 23rd edition of Art Rotterdam set to take place from 10 to 13 February 2022, Hof believes that the worst is behind us regarding COVID-19 and Brexit. Although strict measurements are now expected again, and some art fairs may have to be moved again, the organisations have much more experience in dealing with the Pandemic and everyone has become much more flexible. In addition, I think that museum visits and a visit to an art fair are easy to regulate and adapt to the conditions of a safe visit.

The full impact of Brexit on the European art world is unlikely to be known until the dust has settled on new regulations that came into force in 2021 and organisations have had time to assess how restrictions on residency and working rights, as well as the movement of both people and artworks between the EU and UK, are affecting their operation. Also unknown will be the impact of new arrangements yet to be agreed upon, more arm-wrestling between the politicians involved, and the possible retraction of things currently in force.

Like the rest of us, the art world will have to play a waiting game. Its possible that the consequences of Brexit at a macro level may not be too great. On an individual level, though, there will be plenty of people in art sharing in the burden of no longer having the same level of freedom to live, work, study and travel as easily as they once did between the UK and its European neighbours.

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ART TRENDS 2022: Brexit and Art - will ongoing uncertainty continue to stifle the art market? - Euronews

Saturday 27 November 2021 10:30 am

Around half of UK SMEs believe that Brexit has had a negative impact on the UKs society as a whole awhile 64 per cent believe that it has negatively influenced the UK economy.

Moreover, one in four said Brexit has affected their business directly, according to new data shared with City A.M. this weekend.

Cloud accounting provider FreeAgent found that over half of businesses experienced shrinking customer bases, while 43 per cent were impacted by supply chain issues and found it harder to get cost effective supplies or produce for their business.

Meanwhile, two in five of SMEs said costs had increased since Brexit, particularly to import goods, while 16 per cent suffered a talent shortage as they are finding it harder to recruit staff.

Without doubt, Brexit has had a drastic impact on all businesses large or small. However, the research emphasises how the challenges presented by Brexit are now being felt more so by UK SMEs, commented Roan Lavery, CEO and co-founder of FreeAgent.

Lavery told City A.M. this weekend that leaving the EU has presented significant bottlenecks to the survival of these businesses including both supply chain issues, increased red tape and higher costs.

So, how do SME owners feel about Brexit?

Nearly one in five SMEs (19 per cent) have considered closing their business during Brexit and one in five also did not think their business would survive Brexit.

Even now, nearly half (46 per cent) of SME business owners are worried about the future of their business. This worry increases for younger business owners, with 57 per cent of 18-34 year old SME owners concerned about the future of their business

In addition, over half believe that Brexit has a greater negative impact on SMEs than it had on large businesses while 68 per cent of SME owners believe that Brexit has led to a more divided United Kingdom.

SME owners are more likely to agree with this statement if they also said that Brexit had a negative impact on the UK economy and the society as a whole where it rises to 79 per cent and 85 per cent respectively). This is also the case for SME owners who are worried about the future of their business (81 per cent).

The onus rests on the government to support these businesses, which make a significant contribution to the wider economy. Many SMEs are still tackling uncertain times as we as a society emerge from a pandemic stricken world, Lavery said.

In light of this and the concerns expressed by SME businesses in this research, government support is clearly still needed to put these worries at bay, he concluded.

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Brexit has made our life more difficult, say two thirds of all small businesses across Britain - City A.M.

Boris Johnson: 9/11 commemorations show failure of terrorism'

In an exclusive interview withExpress.co.ukDr Adrian James, a former Scotland Yard detective, and now Reader in Police Studies at Liverpool John Moores University did not see Brexit impacting intelligence work. When asked how important a role intelligence sharing is in the prevention of terrorism, in particular, in a post-Brexit era, he said: Im not sure that withdrawal from the EU is as significant as some might think. He added: The UK always contributed more than it took out and withdrawal has had only limited impact on other conduits Interpol, bilateral agreements and so on.

However, Dr James acknowledged that the terror threats have changed.

He said: The threat from lone actors is in addition to the pre-existing threats. That means that the police and security services resources are spread even more thinly.

Dr Dan Lomas, a lecturer in security studies from Brunel University also spoke exclusively toExpress.co.uk.

He said: Liaison and sharing of info were in debate during Brexit negotiations, but liaison between security services is done without EU and political systems, unlike with policing.

Dr Lomas also discussed how varying levels of intelligence have been affected by Brexit.

On this, he said: The UK can bring a lot to the table, but the impact of Brexit has only affected the lower levels of security, for example in organised crime, but terrorism and larger events still have wider interests.

The analysis comes as a lone violent non-state actor attempted to cause major damage in a taxi outside Liverpool Womens hospital.

A combination of a failed explosive device, as well as the heroics of the driver, David Perry, prevented a more catastrophic outcome.

Agreeing with Dr James on how thinning resources was a major problem in fighting terrorism was Dr Natalie James, the head of the counter-extremism unit at the University of Leeds.

She said: Resource limitations in terms of security provisions, monitoring those who operate alone is far more complex, time-consuming and quite frankly more difficult than those that operate in groups.

Speaking of how technology has added to the dilemma, she said: Online spaces add to the ease with which extremist ideologies, terrorist manifestos and guides can be found, and the gaps between domestic legislation and transnational social media company regulation make it very difficult to create laws around online content.

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Questions have been raised on how the UK is better able to protect itself in light of recent events.

Education and integration emerged as the key factors in the prevention of terrorism in the UK.

However, with budgets becoming ever tighter, Dr Adrian James expressed the benefits of reaching out, but the downfalls of financial support to do so.

He said: We need PREVENT or something that probably would look similar. I am concerned that budgetary cuts have impacted policings reach into communities. Definitely, something that needs to be reviewed.

The Governments PREVENT strategy is to reduce the threat to the UK from terrorism by stopping people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism.

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Adding to the notion of education being the best method of detecting, deterring and disrupting terrorism, Dr Natalie James also discussed the notion of stopping hatred.

She said: Education is fundamental to the challenges we face in relation to extremism and terrorism, but also more broadly around division and hatred.

She added: Education is a space for the skill development of critical thinking, media literacy, communication, and community building - all of which are, I believe, the foundations for individuals who, when they come across problematic ideas - be they linked to extremism online, hatred in their communities, wider divisive headlines in the media, or something else - are able to pause and reflect critically on what they are seeing and hearing, rather than simply accept what they are being told.

The Covid-19 pandemic added to the problems that security services now face, in particular as more online traffic became the norm during lockdown.

Many suggest that mental health issues become more apparent during lockdown, and hence saw many people turning to more extremist views.

Speaking of the problem this causes to counter-terrorism and extremism, Dr Natalie James said: The links between mental health and engaging in extremism arent yet proven, but what we do know is that loneliness and isolation, no doubt heightened for some during the pandemic, have an impact on the so-called processes of radicalisation.

She also said: We also know that radicalisers and those purporting extremist narratives find safe hiding in some online platforms and research has demonstrated how easy it is for people to move from mainstream platforms to niche ones where these narratives can be extremely problematic and concerning.

Concluding, she said: These two things together have almost certainly provided more easily accessible spaces where extreme narratives are readily available for those vulnerable to latch on to this kind of rhetoric.

Dr Adrian James also said: I think there is sufficient evidence now to say that the World Wide Web provides many new opportunities.

In light of the recent incident in Liverpool, the Government raised the security threat level from substantial to severe, meaning an attack is highly likely.

Britain has seen varying forms of violent non-state actors performing on their land, and the methodology of this has changed over the decades.

With Britain priding itself as a multi-cultural society, the notion of education, integration and prudence is key to preventing further acts.

Now the UK is out of the European Union, some have called for Britain to rejoin Europol in order to share intelligence.

Yet, on a wider scale, Britains security services still enjoy sharing intelligence with its allies.

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Britain's intelligence networks not affected by Brexit as UK 'brings a lot to the table' - Daily Express

SATURDAY, 13 NOVEMBER was a record day at Rosslare Europort, says Glenn Carr.

Over the course of the day, almost 1,000 units of freight travelled through the ferry hub, according to the ports general manager, making it one of the busiest days in the history of the Wexford port.

This level of activity is something that Carr and his team have had to get used to in 2021.

So far this year, the volume of cargo travelling through the Wexford port has ballooned by 55%, according to Carr. Because of an increase in direct trade with Europe, continental freight volumes which have skyrocketed by 378%, Carr says are driving the overall numbers.

Once upon a time not long ago, Stena Lines Fishguard and Irish Ferries Pembroke services, both in Wales, accounted for most of Rosslares business.

Our only services to the continent, going back over 18 months ago, would have been primarily Stena Lines three services a week to the port of Cherbourg in France, Carr explains.

But there are now 30 weekly services operating to and from Rosslare and the continent, compared to just three or so pre-Brexit.

Overall, there are now 44 direct routes from ports in Ireland to continental Europe up from around a dozen last year.

Rosslare Europort on 13 November

Whats being captured by these numbers is a major shift in the rhythms of Irish trade, brought about by Brexit.

Typically, prior to Brexit, you were probably looking at about 120,000 freight units a year going into the port every year and in or around close to a million passengers pre-pandemic, Carr toldThe Journallast week.

But in 2021, Irish importers are bringing in fewer goods from the United Kingdom than they were a year ago. At the same time, indigenous companies are exporting and importing more directly to and from the continent, fueling demand for direct sailings.

As a result, Rosslare Irelands closest sea trading hub to the continentgeographically is now the main Irish port for roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) traffic serving Europe, Carr says. And having fixed its gaze firmly on Europe in recent years, the Iarnrd ireann-operated hubs importance within the national port network looks set to grow even more over the coming months and years.

Further shocks

Carr took the reins at the port a little over three years when the question of what sort of Brexit, hard or soft, we would end up with was largely unanswered.

At the time, Rosslare had essentially just two customers Stena Line and Irish Ferries.

While they were very good customers to us, Carr says, Rosslare was massively dependant on their business.

This became abundantly clear when Irish Ferries pulled its Rosslare to France services in 2018, choosing to operate from Dublin Port instead.

Even without the threat of Brexit, it became obvious that the port would have to grow to protect itself from further shocks.

We undertook a strategic review of the port and we identified a number of core areas that could be developed. One of those was the business role, the actual business itself, Carr says.

He recalls, We asked ourselves, What are the fundamental strengths of Rosslare Port?

And one of the fundamental strengths is that were the closest port geographically to Europe. Sailing-wise, youre quicker getting to the main ports in Europe from Rosslare than any other port in Ireland. So that always struck me as an advantage.

Obviously, we also saw that with the likely outcome that was emerging from Brexit, the chances were that supply chains were going to change fundamentally because the fundamental point was that Britain was exiting Europe and becoming a third [region].

The ports response was to get out into the market, Carr says, and aggressively promote Rosslare as an alternative RoRo port to Dublin.

Roll-on/roll-off or RoRo refers to a type of cargo shipping service where trucks or trailers are loaded directly onto the ferry with the cargo theyre transporting, taking the journey along with the goods.

Theyre considered quicker and cheaper than Load-on/Load-off (LoLo) services when the truck pulls up to the board and unloads the cargo, which is then loaded onto a container and put on the vessel.

RoPax services, then, are ones that facilitate roll-on/roll-off cargo transport and also passengers travelling aboard the ferries.

As a RoPax port, Rosslare saw the passenger side of its businesses devastated by travel restrictions at the outset of the pandemic in March and April 2020. But around the same time, something else was beginning as businesses began to wake up to the potential for Brexit-related disruption.

I definitely got a sense from around March, April last year, exporters and importers were beginning to look at alternative suppliers, Carr says.

Glenn Carr, Rosslare Europort's general manager

The UK landbridge which usually refers to a route linking Dublin, Holyhead, and Cherbourg or Le Havre in Northern France was once considered the cheapest, quickest way to get goods into Ireland from Europe or move them in the opposite direction.

But with Brexit, at that stage, looming over the horizon and with it the prospect of customs checks, additional costs and lengthy queues in Great Britain, alternative arrangements for trading with Europe were quickly becoming very appealing.

Then everything started to change for Rosslare Europort.

Traffic congestion

In the March before Brexit, Brittany Ferries made a move to come to Rosslare. So that was the first thing, Carr says.

Brittany were operating to Spain from Cork but the service wasnt doing very well and the haulage industry was telling them that they needed to operate from Rosslare.

Traffic congestion at Dublin and Cork ports in 2019 and the fear that it would only get worse as a result of Brexit had created demand from hauliers for new services from Rosslare, Carr explains.

He says, Were just over 90 minutes from greater Dublin. There were times where hauliers were telling me they were 90 minutes in traffic trying to get into Dublin Port.

So I believed that there was demand in Dublin and Cork from hauliers, given their geographical location, who would prefer to come to Rosslare. We proved that then when Brittany Ferries came to Rosslare.

After that, things began to snowball.

Around the same time, Danish shipping company DFDS approached Rosslare about a new direct route from the port to Dunkirk in France. That service got up and running shortly after Britains formal withdrawal from the EU in January 2021.

Ships lining up ahead of Brexit Day last January

Earlier this month, Brittany Ferries announced a new sailing from Rosslare to Le Havre in Northern France. The ports existing customers have also increased capacity on direct European routes.

All of this is being driven by demand from Irish businesses and hauliers.

Part of it is companies wanting to avoid the landbridge, Carr says.

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Theres definitely been more engagement from both importers and exporters about direct sailings, says Carr.

Thats on two fronts. One is that the landbridge, which was traditionally the way you went. The reality is now, though, when you add in all the extra preparation, the customs checks that have to be cleared, the risks that you could get stopped at border inspections and the time thats lost there when you add that altogether and you look at a direct route, you can basically go hassle-free. So a significant number of companies have directed that their supply chains move away from that immediately.

But the other factor is Irish businesses finding new customers and new suppliers in Europe as an alternative to Britain.

In particular industries, were definitely seeing where traditionally a lot of goods were sourced in the UK or exported to the UK, theres been a switch to Europe, he says.

We definitely see it in the port in terms of the mix of goods that are there now ingredients, food, dairy, pharmaceuticals.

In the year so far, Carr says overall freight volumes travelling to and from the UK through Rosslare are down 55% compared with the same period last year. Earlier this month, Dublin Port said its overall UK trade volumes were down 21% while Central Statistics Offices figures published last week revealed overall Irish imports from Great Britain are also down 21%.

He expects these trends to continue in 2022. Asked what his biggest Brexit-related concern is for the coming year, Carr claims he doesnt have any major ones.

We would like to see our UK traffic return to a more appropriate level than what it is at the moment, he says.

Well be working with our shipping lines on what we can do as a port to help them get more trade going. But I dont have concerns about next year. I have great excitement about further opportunities.

At some stage next year, the UK is set to finally implement long-delayed checks on goods coming into Great Britain from the EU.

Well see if that happens, Carr says, and depending on how that happens, and the degree of what happens, we could see even further substantial demand for additional direct services.

Wed like to think, however, that we will find a sensible solution that will ensure we ultimately will always trade with the UK.

This work is co-funded by Journal Media and a grant programme from the European Parliament. Any opinions or conclusions expressed in this work is the authors own. The European Parliament has no involvement in nor responsibility for the editorial content published by the project. For more information, seehere.

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Rosslare Europort had one of the busiest days in its history this month - thanks to Brexit - TheJournal.ie