Daily Archives: September 27, 2021

ByDavid K. Johnson, Ph.D.,Kings CollegeClones are often thought of as being identical to each other not only in appearance, but also in the way the think and behave. (Image: andriano.cz/ Shutterstock)Orphan Black

Orphan Black opens with a troubled woman, Sarah, witnessing the suicide of another woman, Beth, who looks suspiciously similar like her. She steals Beths identity, only to eventually learn that Beth is not the only woman who looks like her. There are also Alison, Cosima, and Helena. Together, they realize theyre clones and set out to find the who, what, and why of their existence. In the process they meet almost 20 clones in allincluding Rachel, an executive in the company that produced them.

Orphan Black fights a common misconception about clones that is usually perpetuated by science fiction. Usually, clones are depicted as carbon copies who look, behave, and even have the same memories as the original. All the copies of Michael Keaton in Multiplicity, for example, not only all act alike (except for the one with a genetic defect), but it is almost as if they are all numerically identical to Michael Keatons character, Doug.

This is a transcript from the video series Sci-Phi: Science Fiction as Philosophy. Watch it now, on Wondrium.

Although clones would look the same, they would each be their own person, their own individual. Not only would they be numerically distinct, but their behavior and even personalities would be completely different. Why? Because the different environments to which they are exposed would shape them all differently. Even if they grew up in the same household, they would not be carbon copies of each other any more than two genetic twins are. In fact, that is all clones really areartificially produced twins.

Orphan Black demonstrates this. Sarah, Allison, Helena, and Rachels different environments make them very different people. Your genes do not determine everything about you. And this shows the folly of trying to replace an individual with their clone after they have suffered an untimely death.

Learn more about cloning and stem cells.

Another common mistake in sci-fi is thinking that clones would be non-personsdisposable entities without souls, which can be mistreated or used without moral regard. The view seems to be rooted in a sentiment expressed by Agent K in Blade Runner 2049. To be born is to have a soul. But the idea that being born is necessary for someone to have a soul is ludicrous. First of all, the idea that souls exist is widely rejected by academics. And even if the soul did exist, why would being born be a necessary condition for having one? Wouldnt having a functioning brain be the more likely candidate?

Now, we might argue that, even if clones have minds, you could create a clone of yourself for backup organs because youre allowed to use your own body, including your DNA, as you see fit. But if you voluntarily create clones of yourself, they would have their own mind and rights. You could not own your clones any more than one twin could own another. And you would have no more right to your clones bodily resources than your clone would have to yours.

The most common rationale against the existence of clones is the its not natural argument, which fallaciously equates not natural with immoral. One might also worry that people would treat clones as if they were property, as if they were soulless, even though they were not. But this is not a reason to legally restrict cloning. But the fact that society would mistreat them is evidence that society should change.

The real worry is that human cloning technology is not yet far enough along. Attempts to do it would likely end in miscarriage, stillbirths, or birth defects. And that is a good reason to legally ban attempts to plant cloned embryos into fertile women, at our present stage of development. But that is not a reason to ban the further development of such technology; one day clones could be reliably implanted and born healthy.

Learn more about isolating genes and DNA.

Here, the issue of zygote personhood becomes relevant. To develop such technology would require much trial and error, and that would mean the creation and destruction of millions of zygotes. But if zygotes are persons, that means such research would cost millions of human lives. And as Dave Weldon from the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity argues, invoking Immanuel Kant: It is unethical to view a human beingregardless of its ageas a means to an end.

But there are major problems with this argument. First, it is impossible to establish that zygotes actually are persons. The argument essentially rests on a religious assumptionand religious assumptions are not a legitimate basis for law. Second, by this logic, in vitro fertilization is immoral, because it usually involves discarding zygotes. And third, if zygotes are persons, research into cloning would not be any more detrimental to human life than natural biological reproduction.

At most, only 20 percent of zygotes created naturally result in live births. The rest either never implant in the uterus or fail to develop once implanted. If zygotes are persons, 80 percent of all persons who have ever lived were snuffed out by the natural process of sexual reproduction. And thats not counting the use of birth control pills. Some birth control pills ensure that implantation does not change the hormonal balance that causes the lining of the uterus to be shed.

If cloning research is dreadfully immoral because it disposes of zygotes, so is a lot of birth control. And while some might be comfortable with that conclusion, most cannot be without being hypocritical.

The premise of Orphan Black is that there is a sinister organization which produces clones for various purposes. The main character Sarah eventually finds out that she and some 20 others are identical clones, as she and the others set out to find the reason why they were created.

Orphan Black clearly shows that clones may look identical but the way they think and behave is quite different.

One argument against clone research is that it will cause the death of millions of zygotes, potential humans, in this view. But the fact that even in the process of natural births only 20 percent zygotes ever survive proves that this is a fallacious argument.

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Here Come the Clones: "Orphan Black" and the Ethics of Cloning - The Great Courses Daily News

People are going to have to pick sides, Kimberly says to Regina when the woman who should have stepped into the presidency per the line of succession is returned by the Israelis to the Pentagon, and Mann Hunt, the fifth episode of Y: The Last Man, expands that idea outside of the Pentagon, too. Per the reports Jennifer is receiving from around the country, rioters are spreading to statehouses, government mansions, and food banks. The power is still off. As we see in Boston, clashes between the U.S. Army and the protestors who think that the government is hiding information, and who specifically accuse Jennifer, are commonplace. Jennifer keeps saying that she wants to protect and work for all the people still alive, and shes loath to hand over power to Regina. And yes, Regina seems like an absolutely awful human being. But: Is Jennifer actually doing a good job? Could anyone in this role do a good job? Difficult to say!

Mann Hunt leaves Hero, Sam, Roxanne, and their Costco of canned goods behind to return to Jennifer, Kimberly, Christine, and the other women at the Pentagon as the B story this week, and Tian Jun Gus screenplay incrementally ratchets up the tension the series preceding four episodes have already established. Im not sure there are enough narrative details about all these peoples varying grievances (what do people think the hoax is, exactly?), but theres widespread chaos, and people want answers. Conspiracy theories are spreading about what caused the loss of those with the Y chromosome and who was responsible for it, and so maintaining the secrecy of Yoricks identity remains extremely important. Does that mean Yorick keeps his mask on the whole time? It does not! The need for lead actor Ben Schnetzer to show his face supersedes the narrative logic of keeping Yorick hid. But there are people all throughout Mann Hunt acting foolishly, so I cannot necessarily direct my ire only at Yorick.

Theres Jennifer, who allowed 355 (whom she knows as Sarah) to leave with Yorick, which seemingly was important and necessary because Yorick was already wandering hallways and revealing his existence, like an idiot, and because 355/Sarah very persuasively argued that geneticist Dr. Allison Mann would be able to help. But was the relief of seeing Yorick alive so overwhelming that Jennifer did this without at first reading up even a little on the Culper Ring? And without considering that 355/Sarah might have an agenda of her, or the Culper Rings, own? Everyone is operating here with a piece of information, not all of it, but I would expect a little more from the President and all of that positions resources. (Must be said, though, that Diane Lane does solid, subtly pained work once Jennifer thinks that Yorick could have died in the helicopter crash.)

Yoricks existence and the chopper cover-up are two secrets in which Jennifers aide Christine is involved, and the other is her own pregnancy. In a moment of fear and desperation, Christine chooses to trust Kimberly with this informationcreating perfect blackmail conditions for the First Daughter toward the Presidents aide. Why wouldnt Christine immediately tell Jennifer this? Do not tell me that premiere episode scene in which Jennifer was embarrassed by Christines bad nails somehow caused a schism between them that makes Christine unwilling to share this detail! At the very least Christine should be smart enough to know that Kimberly is going to use this information against her, and to actress Jess Salgueiros credit, she looks appropriately chastened (and uncomfortable) when Christine passes Kimberly in the hallway after the sonogram appointment.

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But this does not bode well, not at allespecially not when Kimberly is trying to curry favor with Regina Oliver, who rolls up to the Pentagon in a not-very-subtle gone hunting outfit. Jennifer Wigmores Regina exudes menace from the moment she arrives, from her black-American-flag baseball cap (used both by the Confederate Army and evoked by Blue Lives Matter), to her perpetual sneer whenever she has to regard Jennifer, to how she ricochets herself up out of that wheelchair. Costume designer Olga Mill does a good job dressing Kimberly, Regina, and Jennifer as three different kinds of women in the political space: Kimberly in her tight bun, cozy cardigan, and Laura Bush dress; Reginas take-no-prisoners L.L.Bean by way of Marjorie Taylor Greene; and Jennifers longer utilitarian jacket, jewel tones, and American flag pin. These are three different representations of power, and recall that graffiti that Yorick sees in Boston: Sexism didnt die with the men. Women disagreeing with each other isnt inherently sexism. But the way that Kimberly and Regina do it, and Reginas ominous as long as youre in charge to Jennifer? Vanilla Jennifer might look pretty good in comparison.

Mann Hunt spends most of its time in the terrifying hellscape that is Boston, where Yorick and 355 (Im dropping Sarah here since she doesnt use that name with Yorick) are tracking Dr. Allison Mann. What they dont expect when they get to Harvard is a war zone, with barbed wire and fences, burned-out cars and barricades, Army vehicles patrolling the streets, and soldiers speaking completely casually about using tear gas and violence on protestors. While 355 ingratiates herself with the military holding Harvard, Yorick meets the protestors, and, well, their aims seem valid. (Are they supposed to be leftists? Their political identification felt nebulous, and not nearly as clearly defined as the big neon REPUBLICANS signs flashing over Kimberly and Regina.) The protestors sense that Jennifer is lying about something (she is), and they worry that the government is incapable of handling the current situation (they might be), and they mourn their losses that day (understandable). Yorick clearly feels for them, and Steph (Vanessa Sears)who assumes that he is trans, and who offers him a place to stay and a source of testosteronemight be the only person who has been nice to him in a long time.

Because 355 and Dr. Allison Mann (Diana Bang) are both consumed with more important things than being nice. On 355s part, she seems to still be figuring out exactly what the Culper Ring wants her to do. That 72 Warren Street, Winthrop, Massachusetts, address left for her by the Culper Ring ends up being a boarded-up safehouse, where Agent 525 (Lou Jurgens) has been waiting for weeks. Both were recruited by a woman named Franwho has seemingly since abandoned themand both notice that 525 was newly assigned to the State Department and 355 was newly assigned to the Pentagon the day of the Event. Coincidence? Maybe. Were not supposed to ask questions, 525 says, but that doesnt exactly seem like 355s style. She grabbed that tracer to follow Fran, I assume, and maybe a long journey from Boston to San Francisco will be the way to find her recruiter.

Will 355 and Dr. Mann be able to keep from bickering the whole trip? Up in the air! They certainly disagree on who the crazies are, and on the level of loyalty the U.S. government requires. The sarcastic, cynical Dr. Mann doesnt seem to really care about helping Jennifer, or any American institution. Her research is what matters, and 15 years of it was lost when her lab at Harvard was destroyed. The only place to recreate some of it is in San Francisco, at a lab that has the software and tools she needs. But Dr. Mann doesnt have any kind of romanticized longing for the men who died after the Event: The idea that Ill be working to bring back men is reductive and ridiculous and beyond stupid. Instead, Dr. Mann clarifies, the loss of people (including women) and animals with the Y chromosome is a massive blow to biological diversity, and a massive blow to human civilization and society as we know it. So many other characters have treated the Event as a means of grabbing power or an opportunity for personal reinvention, but few have seemed to feel the loss as deeplyand as existentiallyas Dr. Mann.

What Mann Hunt ultimately demonstrates by its A story is that 355 and Dr. Mann are already developed in a way that the show still has not really accomplished for Yorick, who remains somewhat lacking in terms of his own agency. To be sure, some of Yoricks waywardness is intentional on behalf of the show, to signify a disconnect between how others view Yorick and how he views himselfthink of how he bristles when 355 says that being charming is your thingbut I wish Yorick would make a decision for himself already that isnt entirely dumb. Still, something to keep in mind, as Allison says very bemusedly to Yorick, is that he wont have much of a life from now on, will you? Once the group gets to San Franciscoon a journey that 355 seemingly lies about Jennifer approvingand Yorick is theoretically poked and prodded on the way to cloning, he certainly wont be in control anymore. Its kind of been a stressful few months, he says to Dr. Mann. Seems far from over.

See the article here:

The culture war, cloning, and Dr. Allison Mann enter the world of Y: The Last Man - The A.V. Club

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In 2020, it wasestimatedthat disinformation in the form of fake news costs around $78 billion annually. But deepfakes, mainly in social media, have matured and are fueled by the sophistication of artificial intelligence are moving into the business sector.

In 2019, Deeptrace, a cybersecurity company reported that thenumber of online deepfake videosdoubled, reaching close to 15,000 in under a year.

Several startups like Truepic, thats raised $26 millionfrom M12, Microsoft's venture arm, has taken a different approach to deepfakes. They focus on identifying not what is fake, tracking the authenticity of the content at the point it is captured.

Yancho Yanchev, a data protection specialist and solicitor in the UK, says that deep fakes using real or faked images of others can fall under the scope ofGlobal Data Protection Regulation(GDPR), theCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act(CCPA), and similar rules across the globe.

Yanchev says that this is especially true if those images are distributed for commercial or ideological purposes.

"Consider unique nature of personal data such as voice image biometrics that are being processed by machine learning algorithms and the impact a deep fake may have on the real person if misused," said Yanchev. "Fake ID verification on primary IT services - phone, email, online rental, and money transfers - even if not strictly misused is challenging to justify under GDPR or CCPA without the approval of the subject of the deep fake."

According to Experian, in a rush to digital, both consumers and businesses are significantly more reliant on the technology platforms and devices throughout their daily lives.

David Britton, vice presisdent of industry solutions, global ID and fraud at Experian, said the digital world is still an anonymous environment. "It is extremely difficult to know who is on the other end of the wire and this continues to drive the rise in fraud against both businesses and consumers directly.

"Voice cloning is part of a broader technology set designed to emulate human physical attributes and includes artificially created images, video and voice, generally known as deep fakes, said Britton. The technology is being used for legitimate purposes, but fraudsters can also use it for nefarious purposes.

Voice cloning takes snippets of a recorded text from a person and applies artificial intelligence (AI) to dissect the speech patterns from the voice samples samples. This gives the user the ability to create audio recordings or streams that werent spoken by the voice owner.

Britton says that voice cloning can be applied in several ways: from helping people who have lost their voice to communicate in their voice; to allowing content creators to use voice actors and reduce the time required of the actor on a project; or for the creation of entertainment content, like video games or films, where the creators need to quickly produce consistent voice content even if the actor is no longer available, or if they passed away before the project being released.

But he warns that fraudsters are also using this same technology to begin to create more authentic-sounding impersonations.

"This will allow them to successfully pass voice biometrics systems, or to dupe family members or acquaintances via phone, to send funds or to authorize approvals for access to sensitive systems, or to distribute funds to the fraudster," said Britton.

Britton says consumers need to be aware that fraudsters continue to leverage technology to steal data such as credentials, personal information, or money by either attacking the victim's bank or communicating with the victim directly.

"Consumers need to be vigilant to understand that these emerging threats exist, and while they aren't yet widely used today, we believe they will be increasingly popular among fraudsters," said Britton. "Consumers should pay close attention to voice messages or phone calls that sound like someone they know, who is asking for information or funds, particularly if it seems out of character for that individual."

Britton says voice cloning can also be challenging for government leaders as tools that opponents or state-sponsored attackers may use to spread misinformation.

"Fraudsters can also use the technology to create effective social engineering attacks and impersonate a known acquaintance via a phone call or voicemail message," said Britton. "It is also possible that voice cloning could be used to bypass voice-based biometric systems during digital authentication processes."

In non-criminal cases, Britton says there are emerging issues and questions about the content creator's authority to use another person's voice to create content that the voice owner never recorded.

A recent case of this was reported in June 2021 where a director used voice cloning to use the late Anthony Bourdain's voice to say a phrase he never [..] said, addes Britton. As these technologies advance, other questions emerge around the creator's rights to create content from voice actors or others that may not have given express permission or have not been compensated for using their voice.

Go here to read the rest:

The Rise Of Voice Cloning And DeepFakes In The Disinformation Wars - Forbes

Foundation, the Apple TV+ series that begins September 24, makes a lot of changes to Isaac Asimov's books that it adapts. Among those is the creation of a genetic dynasty that rules the Galactic Empire. Emperor Cleon the First he appears briefly in the books decides he's going to clone himself over and over, so he can forever rule the galaxy. At any one time, three Cleon clones exist, to guide one another and to groom the next era. There's the youngest Dawn, the middle ruler Day, and the eldest Dusk. Why did Foundation series creator David S. Goyer decide on this plot device?

It's a perfect example of how we approached the adaptation, Goyer said in a video conference press meet last week. In the books, the Empire has existed on 10,000 worlds for over 10,000 years. They're powerful, they're resistant to change. They're rigid and so I tried to think about what's the vision? What's the theme? What is Asimov talking about? How do I embody that in a character? One man cloning himself over and over again and imposing his ego upon an entire galaxy.'

How Apple's Foundation Series Updates Asimov's Books for the World Today

That was a plot device that then led me to all sorts of wonderful character moments. With the Cleons because they're all in some ways, the show is also a show about legacy desperate to individuate, they're all desperate to leave their mark on the galaxy, and the tragedy is that they're all living in the shadow of Cleon the First. So even though they're monsters, it allowed me to tell some stories that also possibly makes the audience empathise with them.

Lee Pace, who has made a habit of playing immortal or mad rulers he was Thranduil the Elvenking in The Hobbit trilogy, and also Ronan the Accuser in Guardians of the Galaxy essays the role of Brother Day. The Cleon clones call one another Brothers, even though they are the same person. Pace studied all sorts of real-life rulers, from the Roman emperors to the Incas to the Chinese dynasties. His favourite of all was Haile Selassie, the last emperor of Ethiopia.

I'm not really playing a man, I'm playing a series of men, who for a certain time in their life, inherit the role of the Emperor of the Galaxy, which is an absurd idea that one person could have control over the entire galaxy, have power of life and death over trillions of people, control which planets prosper, which ones suffer, Pace said. And so, when approaching a character as absurdly abstract as that, I wanted to bring diverse opinions to it.

From Foundation to Kota Factory, What to Watch in September

Cooper Carter as Dawn, Lee Pace as Day, Terrence Mann as Dusk in FoundationPhoto Credit: Helen Sloan/Apple

Doing research is one of my favourite things I get to do as an actor. I looked at obviously, the Roman emperors that inspired Isaac Asimov to write this story. But I also looked at the Chinese dynasties. I looked at Incas, the Emperors were basically gods to them. I had a really great read. [Ryszard] Kapuciski's book The Emperor, about the last emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie. I found him particularly interesting and looked at him for one of the Emperors that I play this season.

What I think is so interesting about this riddle posed about inherited power is not that office of a God they hold, Pace added. It's these individuals who are approaching it and I think very much about an actor approaching a role. Here's Day looking at Dawn, who is the youngest of the dynasty, and I'm saying, Here are the lines, this is the blocking. Here are the costumes that you will wear. And it is imperative for the safety of the galaxy that you are exactly like me that you behave exactly like me, that you are an identical copy of me, once you inherit this extraordinary power.'

And I believe he looks at Dusk, the outgoing emperor and says, You made a lot of mistakes here. And now that I've got the power, I'm going to do it right. I'm going to be stronger; I'm going to be braver. I'm going to be more just; I'm going to be distinguished among this line of clones.' And that's a contradictory idea. When the belief is, the fantasy is, they're the same person.

Cambridge Analytica Leads to Psychohistory: Foundation's Jared Harris

Some fans of Foundation the books might be perturbed by the changes, but Pace isn't too bothered. He believes they respect the book, but that the Apple TV+ series is its own thing it's not meant to be a line-by-line adaptation, after all.

I think anything that I bring to it is right, there's nothing to get right in a way with it, Pace said. It's not a book report this show. We're not trying to, page by page, say This is Foundation.' We respect it. I think it is a sign of respect to Isaac Asimov, and the door that he opened to many writers, Ursula K. Le Guin, [Frank Herbert's] Dune, and [Dan Simmons'] Hyperion. So much of the science fiction that I read. So, I am kind of casting a really broad net with this character, and it's up to David Goyer to edit me and keep me in line.

Foundation premieres September 24 on Apple TV+ worldwide.

See more here:

How Foundations New Emperor Cleon Clones Dawn, Day, and Dusk Came to Be - Gadgets 360

A clone of legendary showjumper Arko III has been born in the US, seven months after the stallions death.

The foal, who arrived in August, is the result of a combined effort by UK-based genetic preservation company, Gemini Genetics, and partner ViaGen Pets and Equine in the US.

It was an extremely sad day for our family when we lost Arko, he was truly a horse of a lifetime, said a joint statement from Pat, John and Lisa Hales, of Shaw Farm Stud, owners of Arko and his clone.

The birth of his clone was very emotional. We believe it is not only exciting for our sport worldwide, but especially for the future of British breeding for years to come. We look forward to breeding many more champions from this wonderful bloodline.

The Arko III clone. Credit: Terry Stickle.

The clone was generated from a small skin sample from Arko, genetically preserved by Gemini Genetics, the sister company to Stallion AI Services. The sample was then shipped to ViaGen Pets & Equine in the US.

Gemini Genetics manager Lucy Morgan, who undertook the preservation, told H&H the clone will remain at ViaGens facility in the US until he is weaned, at the earliest.

She added plans for what his future may hold in terms of competition have not been decided yet, but stressed the main intention is for him to be a breeding sire.

We are thrilled at the successful birth of Arkos clone, she added. A much-loved stallion in terms of his outstanding performances and his unique and full of life character, it is brilliant to have enabled his cloning so that his outstanding legacy can continue. Gemini Genetics are thrilled and highly privileged to have facilitated this amazing revival of Arko III via his genetic twin.

Ms Morgan clarified there is no issue surrounding the quality or availability of Arkos semen, rather the decision to clone was about taking the opportunity to preserve his genetics for the future.

There is plenty of semen left in reserve, but you would never be able to breed another Arko with the exact same genetics [other than by cloning], as 50% of the DNA would be different, she said.

The original Arko III. Credit: Alamy Stock Photo.

The original Arko (Argentinius x Beach Boy) won grands prix across the globe with rider, Nick Skelton. The pair finished 10th individually at the 2004 Athens Olympics and represented Britain at the 2005 European Championships. Arko was also the horse Nick credited with getting him back in the saddle after he broke his neck in a riding accident in 2000.

Their numerous victories included the sports richest prize, the CN International at Spruce Meadows. Arko won the leading British showjumper of the year title on five occasions, before stepping down from competition in 2008. He retired from stud in 2019 and died in January 2021.

His off-spring include John Whitakers current stable star, Argento, as well as the Hales familys SFS Aristo.

Blake Russell, president of ViaGen Pets & Equine, said the company has delivered more than 1,000 healthy, cloned foals to clients and each project is truly special.

The ability to play a part in reproducing a phenomenal genotype like Arko III is what makes our effort worthwhile, he said.

We are very excited to see him grow and develop and make his footprint on the industry. It is a real pleasure to collaborate with great partners like Gemini Genetics and their sister company, Stallion AI Services, to help bring our services to clients around the globe.

The relationships that we have developed with partners like Gemini Genetics are what make this venture work for everyone. I hope all can see that cloning technology is a powerful advanced reproductive technology that can bring great opportunity.

Tullis Matson, founder and director of Stallion AI Services, added it has been a privilege working with Arko and the Hales family for almost 10 years of the stallions life.

We are thrilled at the news of the successful birth of his clone and are privileged to have been involved in this project via our sister company, Gemini Genetics, he said.

We look forward to the coming years of his clone, [and the benefits he will bring] to the performance industry and the breeding sector.

You might also be interested in:

Cloning is a concept that, for many people, is still shrouded in mystery. Here we bring you answers to some

I feel incredibly honoured to be able to do this. I absolutely love it

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Showjumping legend Arko III cloned: the birth was very emotional - Horse & Hound

Including during the research for this thesis, MarketsandResearch.biz concentrated on the industry in terms of Global Voice Cloning Market rate of economic growth in 2021 and 2027, respectively. Included within the analysis are chronological trends and competitive advantages, as well as a review of something like the industrys most prominent adversaries.

Concentrated on either the pace of Voice Cloning economic development of the country between 2021 through 2027 in the following discussion. The evaluation involves chronological trends, the competitive climate, as well as a review of the markets most prominent competitors.

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The report also includes a global perspective of key regions, namely:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, etc.), Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Throughout this research project, youll also uncover how so many of the worlds biggest firms strive constantly to outperform the contemporary real competition.

The product types covered in the report include:

Cloud, On-premises

The application types covered in the report include:

Healthcare and life sciences, Education, Media and entertainment, Telecom, Travel and hospitality, Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI), Others

Another factor affecting profitability was the companys business availability and client cancellation, production capabilities, stock levels, as well as several other factors, all of which were covered in the Voice Cloning real economy summary.

The key players in the market include:

IBM, Google, Lyrebird, Nuance Communications, Baidu, Microsoft, AWS, AT&T, NeoSpeech, Smartbox Assistive Technology, exClone, LumenVox, Kata.Ai, Alt.Ai, CereProc, Acapela Group, VocaliD, Voicery, Aristech, Cepstral, Ispeech, VivoText, Voctro Labs, rSpeak, CandyVoice

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New technologies and product advance significantly impact business requirements. Final thoughts: The general market total population increase is affected by current planning and construction activity. A revenue growth analysis is included in the longitudinal study.

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Global Voice Cloning Market 2021: Key Players, Industry Insights and Dynamics, Growth and Supply Chain Analysis 2027 Stillwater Current - Stillwater...

The return of the dead to life has long fascinated storytellers, featuring in myths like Orpheus and Eurydice, festivals like the Mexican Dia del Muerte, in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and, of course, Jurassic Park. The idea continues to cast its spell. As we describe in our book Strange Natures, de-extinction, or the resurrection of extinct species is the idea about the use of novel genetic technologies that most excites commentators about conservation.

The best-established approach to de-extinction is by cloning. In 2003, Spanish scientists cloned the Pyrenean ibex, a subspecies of the Iberian ibex that went extinct in 2000. The animal lived a scant seven minutes, but it was hailed as the first species brought back from extinction. De-extinction continues to yield startling headlines and graphics: attempts to bring back mammoths even made the cover of the April 2013 issue of National Geographic.

Unfortunately, perhaps, you cant clone a mammoth. At least, that is Beth Shapiros conclusion in her fascinating book How to Clone a Mammoth (notwithstanding its title). It turns out that the DNA in all mammoth samples will always be too degraded to make cloning possible. And the same goes for velociraptors or tyrannosaurs, condemning Jurassic Park in all is guises to remain only a delightful exercise in science fiction.

But there is another approach to de-extinction. It uses the techniques of gene editing to re-engineer parts of the genome of a closely-related extant species to match that of its extinct relative. Before starting you will need a complete genome sequence of the extinct species and of a relatively closely related living species. Working to create the novel life form requires use of the novel technologies of gene editing (especially CRISPR, for which Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2020).

The woolly mammoth is now the focus of a serious project, led by the charismatic figure of George Church of Harvard University and the American NGO Revive & Restore. They have sequenced the DNA of mammoths semi-preserved in Arctic permafrost and that of its closest living relative, the Asian elephant.

Gene editing is being used to rewrite genes in Asian elephant cell lines, generating increasingly mammoth-like cells (controlling haemoglobin, hair growth and fat production) with each edit. In theory these synthesised strands of mammoth DNA could be inserted into the egg of an Asian elephant and implanted into a host female elephant. If a foetus were brought to term and born alive, it would carry woolly mammoth traits not exactly a mammoth but more like a mammoth than anything since the last one went extinct some 4,000 years ago.

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There are about 1.4 million differences between mammoth and Asian elephant genomes so theyre hardly exactly alike. Bridging this gap to make a mammoth-like elephant will keep the project focused for years on scientific complexities of the genetic basis for production of cellular proteins. It is best understood as an eye-catching biological experiment, a driver of scientific discovery and an advertisement for gene editing.

While the science of de-extinction obviously excites those doing it, it is less clear whether de-extinction should be a priority for conservationists. De-extinction certainly has its supporters beyond the coterie of synthetic biologists in their laboratories. Charismatic species already exert a strong fascination for conservationists and the public.

Some conservationists also point out that de-extinct species could drive ecosystem recovery by re-starting lost ecological processes (a kind of extreme rewilding vision). From this perspective, it is not the fact that the species is alive that is important, but what it does, and the ecological interactions that result.

On the other hand, however scientifically or culturally intriguing it is, the conservation benefits of de-extinction are far from obvious. First, all the laboratory experimentation might create an organism that resembled an extinct species, but it will be a genetic hybrid with the modern species. It would contain just a part of the genetic diversity of the whole former species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature suggests the term proxies of extinct species and not de-extinct species for such creatures, should they be created.

And where would such a species live? Many (perhaps most) resurrected species (not least the mammoth) would struggle to find space to live outside laboratory or zoo conditions, let alone having the chance to establish viable free-ranging populations such as the Russian tundra as proposed for novo-mammoths. A single de-extinct species would be just as alone as the last original individual, probably living its life out in a zoo enclosure. It might be alive, but it would still be on the cusp of re-extinction.

There are about 1.4 million differences between the Asian elephant (pictured) and the mammoth Getty Images

There are lots of other questions about any organism genetically engineered to resemble an extinct species. Taxonomists would have to decide how it should be classified, and lawyers whether the genetic modification could be patented. There are also obvious and significant ethical issues around the animal welfare implications of animal experimentation in the name of de-extinction.

All applications of synthetic biology to conservation are new and untested. Their use in laboratory experiments aimed at the eventual de-extinction of species is fascinating, complicated, expensive, ethically fraught and speculative. On balance, it is unlikely to make an important strategy for conservation. Indeed, as critics have pointed out, the possibility that extinct species could be brought back from the dead could distract from the challenges of addressing the drivers of extinction today.

Despite its glitter and appeal, de-extinction is not the furthest developed, the most significant, or the most potentially controversial application of synthetic biology to conservation. As we discuss in Strange Natures, scientists are discussing a host of ways to engineer the genes of wild species for conservation purposes, from the use of gene drives to control invasive species to gene editing to enhance survival in the face wildlife disease or climate change.

These raise fundamental questions about the distinction between what is natural and what is human-made. The idea of bringing extinct species back from the dead is bizarre and exciting, but the greatest opportunities, and challenges, of the power to edit the genes of wild species lie not in resurrecting the past, but in shaping the future of conservation.

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Strange Natures:Conservation in the Era of Synthetic Biology by Kent H Redford and William M Adams is out now (25, Yale Books).

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Resurrecting the mammoth could be possible but we shouldn't bother - BBC Science Focus Magazine