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Daily Archives: September 17, 2021
LAFD captain severely burned in downtown warehouse explosion sues vape shop, building owners – KTLA
Posted: September 17, 2021 at 9:02 pm
A Los Angeles Fire Department captain severely burned ina May 2020 explosion inside a downtown L.A. warehousehas sued the owners of the building and a vaping supply shop housed there, accusing them of hazardous activity, premise liability and negligence.
Victor Aguirre and his wife, Claudia Aguirre, filed suit Wednesday in Los Angeles County Superior Court against property owner Steve Sungho Lee and his various companies along with the operators of Green Buddha and Smoke Tokes, a smoke and vape shop inside the East 3rd Street warehouse where the explosion occurred. Twelve firefighters were injured.
After a criminal investigation by the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and the Los Angeles Police Department, they were charged with more than 300 criminal counts.
The lawsuit claims Victor Aguirre, a 20-year veteran of the Fire Department and father of two, suffered catastrophic injuries in the explosion, including severe burns over much of his body and devastating third-degree burns to his hands. The burns resulted in so much damage that each of his fingers had to be partially amputated, and he has undergone 25 surgeries since. He was hospitalized for two months and has been able to return to the Fire Department in an administrative capacity.
Read the full story on LATimes.com.
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The Realist Archive Project launches a sequel: "The Other Scenes Inventory Report" – Boing Boing
Posted: at 9:01 pm
Spoken Word with Electronics is an audio series of unusual stories and commentary, paired with modular electronic sounds and noises and, in this episode, rare archives of underground counterculture newspapers!
Hi, everyone, welcome back to the show. While this show is a podcast about electronics, it is also a sort of Audio Magazine where I share other projects. I've been archiving and uploading odd material onto the web for 20 years now, the standout moments being Comics with Problems and The Realist Archive Project. To a discerning vintage audience, those links might raise a smile. (And hello if you've never visited either, too) Both projects represent early Internet efforts to scan and upload material, far before social media robbed people of their independence to do so on their own, and both projects have an interesting history regarding where uploaded content got shared. This episode of SWWE introduces the third archive project of the site, which is a direct companion of The Realist Archive: The Other Scenes Inventory Report.
To counterculture historians and rare paper collectors, OTHER SCENES is widely considered among the best underground newspapers published in the 1960s. It was a daring and no bullshit ride into drugs, politics, race, sex, and news. It is playful and it is a lot of fun. It also has been largely forgotten by time, as competitive papers like Rolling Stone survived. (Rolling Stone not only copied Other Scenes format, incidentally, but it also copied its contributor pool, namely Hunter S Thompson, who contributed to Other Scenes, considering its editor John Wilcock a colleague). You'll get a chance to read all of this O.S. material soon.
You might recognize John Wilcock's name from the comic that ran on Boing Boing here for about ten years. This archive is meant to be additional material for the collected print edition of those comics, but the depth of this material likely far exceeds the comic itself.
It is called 'the inventory report' as I have a large box of material from John, which needs closer scrutiny now that the comic is complete. So each two weeks, as part of Spoken Word with Electronics, there will be four OTHER SCENES items added, including audio commentary. You can download nicely restored PDF copies at the archive. Each PDF copy is free for you to non-commercially distribute and is OCR scanned for searchable text. This first installment includes rules on how to attend a San Francisco Sex Party in 1967, along with a garden party that Wilcock attended with Alan Watts at the Aldous Huxley estate.
The goal here is to upload the entire run (or a very close percentage) of OTHER SCENES. Much of this material has not been seen in more than fifty years. It's a ton of fun to read. As Wilcock's biographer, I'm most excited about providing audio commentary, going through all the material.
This first posting of the Other Scenes Inventory includes Issue #1 ("Fuck Hate", 1967), Issue 3 ("The Scene", 1967), a "Diagram of a Drug Abuser" (reference material, TX Dept of Public Safety, Narcotics Service), and the original 1966 advertisement Wilcock ran in the Village Voice when leaving both The Voice and The East Village Other to strike it out on his own.
Here's this week's commentary track:
The remainder of the show asks you for your feedback. Feedback is on our mind this week, as the headphones in our studio had a slight leak in them. This is a fun trick to learn how to purposefully do, as your headphones can cause amplifier-rattling feedback with just the slightest tilt off your ears into a microphone when recording. And if this is something you love doing too, I'm interested in hearing YOUR feedback! Send any screeching howling tones, or drones, or walkee talkee scratches, etc, to our Soundcloud page via Direct Message, and we'll include your feedback (with credit) in the next episode. All feedback welcome!
SPOKEN WORD WITH ELECTRONICS #59: "I'd Really Like Your Feedback" (ANNOUNCING: OTHER SCENES!)
Connect with SWWE via Good Endeavors and Other Scenes on Bandcamp, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, and Google . Thanks and have a good week.
Make your mind happy, Visit the OTHER SCENES ARCHIVE Today!
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Photographing 9/11: What did they think as they jumped? – Al Jazeera English
Posted: at 9:01 pm
WARNING: The following story contains images that may be disturbing to some readers
It was September 2001 and I had been sent to New York to cover a boxing match for a Puerto Rican newspaper. It was a world championship bout between Puerto Rican boxer Felix Trinidad and the American boxer Bernard Hopkins.
Trinidad was a good friend of mine and the paper would send me to cover most of his fights. Id asked not to go on that particular deployment but I was told I had to go.
So, on Saturday, September 8, I boarded a flight from the Puerto Rican capital, San Juan.
The fight was scheduled to take place on the following Saturday at Madison Square Garden.
On the morning of September 11, I headed to Central Park with photojournalists from two other Puerto Rican newspapers. Hopkins team had blocked access to his training sessions, which was unusual, but we hoped to spot him training in the park. We agreed that if one of us saw him, we would share the location with the others so we could each get the shots. It worked, and after wed taken the photographs, we went for breakfast on 53rd Street.
That was when one of those I was with received a call from Puerto Rico telling him a plane had crashed into the World Trade Center. At first, he thought it was a joke. Then my boss called and told me to get to the towers to photograph the crash.
We immediately picked up our cameras and left, asking a taxi to take us to downtown.
By this time, the city from 14th Street to downtown had been sealed to everybody except first responders. We got as close as we could but were still some way from the towers. So we jumped out of the taxi, handed the driver a $20 bill and started running along West Broadway towards the towers. As we ran the 35 blocks, weaving in and out of the crowds, we stopped occasionally to photograph the chaos around us.
After about 25 minutes, we were within a block of the towers and there, on a quiet corner between Park Place and West Broadway, I saw a policeman, looking up at the North Tower. There was nobody else around. I took a photo of him capturing an image of that day that has been widely used since.
As I carried on walking towards the towers, a man in an FBI jacket passed me by. Shortly after, another in a Secret Service jacket walked past. I found it strange that they would be there for a plane crash.
I turned around and started walking towards the West Side Highway, and as I was walking, I saw the first person jump. She was a Black woman, in a smart skirt and vest top. I could see her clearly. It was like she was just floating.
I picked up my camera and took a photo. I remember saying to my fellow photographer Xavier Araujo, Wow, somebody just jumped. But he refused to believe me. He thought it was a piece of the building falling. But I was close enough to tell it was a person. I was so close I could see her face. She seemed calm and relaxed, as if she had no other option but to jump. She wasnt screaming for help or out of fear. I knew I was lucky not to see her hit the pavement.
When we got to the west side of the North Tower, we saw many other people jumping from the windows. Those images have stayed with me, and I often wonder what must have gone through their minds before they decided to jump.
I had been there for about 20 minutes when I heard the terrible sound, like a massive tree branch breaking, as the North Tower crumbled.
I photographed it as it collapsed and it was only then, when it no longer obscured my view, that I realised the South Tower had also fallen completely.
As I ran from the mayhem, I took one frame of a man kneeling on the floor crying, his shirt all torn. I switched lenses and saw a child running and screaming. As I took that frame, it reminded me of the photo of the Napalm girl from the Vietnam War.
I realized my digital cards were all full, so I ran a few blocks to the Getty Images office on Varick Street. There, I was uploading the contents of my memory card to a computer when we were told we needed to evacuate the building because the police suspected a bomb had been placed at the Holland Tunnel, adjacent to the office.
I left and took a taxi back to my hotel, from where I filed the photos I had taken. My newspaper ran a late edition that day and used my photos for it.
For the rest of the day, I stayed in my room. I cried a lot. I remember calling my ex-wife but being barely able to speak. Between sobs, I screamed, trying to tell her how many people I had seen jump from the towers.
To this day, I still have no recollection of what I did between 6pm on September 11 and the following morning. It must have been because of the shock.
When I woke up at 6am on September 12, I walked for more than 20 blocks towards the towers. I didnt see a single person during that walk, not even a dog. I regret not having taken those pictures because Im sure that was the only time in New York Citys history that the streets were so empty. I wish those images existed, somewhere other than just in my mind, because they were part of the 9/11 story, too.
I spent 21 days covering the 9/11 story before photographing the postponed Trinidad-Hopkins fight on September 29 and finally returning to Puerto Rico.
Today, I still have flashbacks images of the people standing in the windows before they jumped. I wonder what it was they saw that helped them make peace with that decision.
More importantly, it has always reminded me how fragile we are and that as human beings, we should give respect a chance. All races, cultures and nations should halt this constant creation of scars that has led to so many wars and conflicts such as 9/11.
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Divorce In The Digital Age: The Rise Of Technology In Simplifying Divorce – Family and Matrimonial – UK – Mondaq News Alerts
Posted: at 9:01 pm
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With Covid-19 shifting most of our lives online, the appetitefor legal matters such as divorce to be dealt with in a way thatembraces technology has accelerated. A significant step towardsthis came into force from 13th September 2021 when HMCTS made thefinal move towards it being compulsory to use the online divorceportal to commence a divorce.
HMCTS have had the divorce portal for some time now, being usedby family lawyers and by people wanting to deal with the processdirectly. The change is that it will now become the only way tostart a divorce. A transition period has begun and paperapplications will continue to be processed until the 4th October2021, but no new paper applications will now be accepted. Witheffect from the 13th September, all new applications for divorcemust be made via the online portal, except for cases of nullity,dissolution of civil partnership and judicial separation.
As the petitioner in the divorce, it is as simple as loggingonto the portal, opening an account and beginning divorceproceedings by walking through the online forms presented. Theportal guides you through each step of your application with easyonline options such as uploading and retrieving documents. Thereare then email prompts when the respondent has completed theirdocuments and options for the next stages.
As the respondent, an email will be sent from HMCTS stating thata petition has been submitted and that you must also create anaccount. As it stands, the respondent has to complete the onlineprocess alone, but this will change in due course to helprespondents who may be uncomfortable using the new technology orsimply need to relieve pressure of the process.
With the Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act 2020 cominginto force in April 2022, there will be no need for the partyseeking a divorce to establish fault by their spouse. This willmake the process more amicable. The current portal will be adaptedto reflect the changes in the law, with a simplification of thelanguage used also coming through. It is anticipated that this willmake the process easier still.
The divorce process can still be managed by a solicitor, whocompletes the forms and generally manages the entire process.However, many people are now choosing to deal with the divorceprocess themselves. It is a matter for the individual to decide,balancing the cost of using a solicitor against the added ease andpeace of mind the solicitor can bring. At present, there are stillsome of the stages of the process or legal terminology that may notbe so straightforward. Whilst errors in applications have reduceddrastically (less than 1% compared to 40% with the old system),incomplete or incorrect answers will not allow the application tobe processed and that can cause significant delay. It is hopedthose issues will reduce further when the changes in law come intoeffect next year.
It is also important that the timing of forms being submitted inthe divorce process is considered carefully. The impact ofconcluding a divorce (by obtaining what is currently called theDecree Absolute and what will become the Final Order when theterminology is updated) can be significant. It is often vitallyimportant to ensure that all financial matters have been concluded,with a separate standalone order in respect of the finances made,before proceeding with that final step.
It must also be remembered that the digital divorce process onlyends the marriage itself and does not address the more complexmatters such as child arrangements and financialarrangements.
At Boyes Turner, we are already familiar with the online divorceportal, having used it for some considerable time now. However, weunderstand that the process can still be daunting for many people,regardless of whether it is online or not. We therefore offer allclients a variety of options in relation to how the divorce itselfis managed, encouraging everyone to save legal fees wherepossible.
The benefits of a technology based approach are clear: reducingcost, reducing delay and also reducing paper consumptiondrastically, having a positive impact on the environment.
We at Boyes Turner are therefore fully embracing the digitalshift and are committed to using technology where possible to helpour clients. We are ready to deal with all online divorceprocedures and help you with any family issue faced. If you arecontemplating filing a divorce petition, would like some adviceabout the process or want to know more about the other technologiesavailable to make the process easier then please contact a memberof our specialist family law team.
The content of this article is intended to provide a generalguide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be soughtabout your specific circumstances.
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NEP 2020 and Higher Education in the Northeast By H. Srikanth – The Shillong Times
Posted: at 9:01 pm
The stakeholders are clearly divided on whether or not to accept the New Education Policy. Its supporters argue that NEP 2020 accurately addresses the problems of stagnation, inefficiency and rigidities associated with the education system; encourages interdisciplinary education, ensures multiple choices of entry and exit, promises education in mother tongues, and all that. They welcome the policy recommendation that talks about spending a minimum of 6 percent of GDP on education and increasing the access to higher education. In contrast, its critics point out that the Policy is a poor imitation of the American model of education, tuned to the needs of the Indian and foreign educational entrepreneurs who want to make education a commodity in the market, and turn students as consumers and teachers as mere service providers. They express the fear that the NEP furthers commercialization, commodification and communalization of education in India. They criticize the reduction of central governments allocation for education, and argue that the entry of private sector or foreign universities may help the rich, but will not do any good to the masses, as the fee in these institutions is not affordable to the majority of the Indians anyway. They also point out that even before the Policy is discussed and passed by the Parliament and the state assemblies, the Union government, against the spirit of democracy and federalism, is forcing the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to implement the same. Let our political representatives, teachers associations and student organizations debate over the veracity of these contrasting arguments. On my part, in this piece, let me focus only on the implications of the NEP for universities and HEIs in the northeast.In a country like India where educational standards and access vary from region to region, and community to community, it does not always make sense to enforce a uniform admission policy in all HEIs. Unlike the universities like JNU, UoH, Delhi University, etc., which cater to all India needs, the central and state universities in the north-eastern states are created to address basically to the educational and economic needs of the disadvantaged communities and the backward regions of the northeast. Here the universities offer different types of official and unofficial preferential policies for the local students in the admission. Universities like NEHU may find it difficult to go for all India entrance tests for that admission, as it may not be perceived as advantageous to the locals.As Education is in the Concurrent List, unless the NEP becomes an Act, it is not binding on state governments to accept its recommendations. Many proposals made in the NEP for the UG cannot be implemented unless the colleges under the state government are roped in. For example, whether a central university like NEHU should have one year PG, or a two-year PG depends on whether the colleges would prefer to offer a three-year degree or a four-year degree. It needs a larger consultation with the state government, the college managements and also the general public. Similarly, teaching PG courses in local languages is unthinkable in multilingual north-eastern states.The NEP insists on making all HEIs multidisciplinary. For the idea to become a reality, it is essential to design appropriate courses, fill up all vacant faculty positions, and even make a provision in the University Regulations enabling appointment of teachers from other disciplines. NEHU has been experimenting with the CBCS system at PG level with some success. But there are problems in implementing the CBCS at UG level. Some resourceful colleges in Shillong and Tura may be in a position to implement CBCS to some extent, but most colleges in the city and in semi-urban areas will not be in a position to run the CBCS. Further, we dont need to be excited about entry and exit options that the NEP proposes, for, a degree is viewed as a minimum qualification for most jobs. The students have little to gain if they drop out after one year or two years with a certificate or diploma.Teaching and research are integral parts of any University or HEIs. Ignoring this aspect, NEP proposes into Research Universities and Teaching universities. Given that the teachers in NEHU and other universities in the northeast publish less, one is not sure whether the government would declare them as just Teaching Universities. For different reasons the teachers in the universities in the northeast devote more time for teaching, less on publications. While advocating the need for increasing the number of quality publications from the faculty and research scholars, there is a need to identify the reasons and address the problem. Further, there is a danger that the proposal for Autonomous Colleges encourages the sprouting of predatory private commercial colleges which start different courses and grant degrees without any control from the University. What would be the fate of the students emerging from such colleges where the admitted students spend thousands of rupees as fee and secure degrees with little market value?NEP 2020 gives emphasis on online teaching methods. The Pandemic has shown us both the possibilities and limitations of information technology. It is true that there is so much on the internet today which can be made use of for improving our teaching and research. The universities in the northeast should create infrastructure in the form of multi-digital classrooms, a digital library and a well-equipped studio for recording, preserving and uploading our lectures and talks. At any time, or anywhere, the students, scholars and teachers should be able to access the library sources through the internet. While creating facilities for online teaching, it is necessary to keep in mind that the online teaching should be supplementary, never as an alternative to offline teaching. Healthy, humane and cordial one to one relationship between the student and teacher is essential for overall growth of the students. There is really no joy in sitting and talking in front of a laptop, and giving lectures without knowing whether the audience is really listening and enjoying our lectures, or sleeping and whining during our lectures. The governments should not be allowed to use online teaching as an excuse to reduce the number or the significance of teachers.Some proposals that the NEP makes are good, and it is possible to implement them. The NEP proposes that pedagogy should be taught as a paper for scholars pursuing Ph.D. programs. The MHRD is also insisting on making ethical considerations a part of the research course for Ph.D. Such recommendations can be implemented without much difficulty. NEP also talks about academic leadership. The document says, Leaders of an HEI will demonstrate strong alignment to Constitutional values and the overall vision of the institution, along with attributes such as a strong social commitment, belief in teamwork, pluralism, ability to work with diverse people, and a positive outlook. However, given the nature of politics and the continuing feudal values and practices in universities / HEIs, one only hopes these ideas would indeed become a reality one day.To sum up, the state governments, the universities and the people in the northeast should take a selective look at the NEP, and decide what is good for the people and the region in the long run. There is no need to be unduly sceptical, but at the same time one should not be in a hurry to accept everything without understanding the consequences of uncritical acceptance. Let all stakeholders understand, discuss and debate, and choose the best options that would increase the reach and improve the quality of HEIs in north-eastern states.(The writer teaches Political Science in NEHU: email [emailprotected])
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Everyone will be able to clone their voice in the future – The Verge
Posted: at 8:59 pm
Cloning your voice using artificial intelligence is simultaneously tedious and simple: hallmarks of a technology thats just about mature and ready to go public.
All you need to do is talk into a microphone for 30 minutes or so, reading a script as carefully as you can (in my case: the voiceover from a David Attenborough documentary). After starting and stopping dozens of times to re-record your flubs and mumbles, youll send off the resulting audio files to be processed and, in a few hours time, be told that a copy of your voice is ready and waiting. Then, you can type anything you want into a chatbox, and your AI clone will say it back to you, with the resulting audio realistic to fool even friends and family at least for a few moments. The fact that such a service even exists may be news to many, and I dont believe weve begun to fully consider the impact easy access to this technology will have.
The work of speech synthesis has improved massively in recent years, thanks to advances in machine learning. Previously, the most realistic synthetic voices were created by recording audio of a human voice actor, cutting up their speech into component sounds, and splicing these back together like letters in a ransom note to form new words. Now, neural networks can be trained on unsorted data of their target voice to generate raw audio of someone speaking from scratch. The end results are faster, easier, and more realistic to boot. The quality is definitely not perfect when rolling straight out the machine (though manual tweaking can improve this), but theyre only going to get better in the near future.
Theres no special sauce to making these clones, which means dozens of startups are already offering similar services. Just Google AI voice synthesis or AI voice deepfakes, and youll see how commonplace the technology is, available from specialist shops that only focus on speech synthesis, like Resemble.AI and Respeecher, and also integrated into companies with larger platforms, like Veritone (where the tech is part of its advertising repertoire) and Descript (which uses it in the software it makes for editing podcasts).
These voice clones have simply been a novelty in the past, appearing as one-off fakes like this Joe Rogan fake, but theyre beginning to be used in serious projects. In July, a documentary about chef Anthony Bourdain stirred controversy when the creators revealed theyd used AI to create audio of Bourdain speaking lines hed written in a letter. (Notably, few people noticed the deepfake until the creators revealed its existence.) And in August, the startup Sonantic announced it had created an AI voice clone of actor Val Kilmer, whose own voice was damaged in 2014 after he underwent a tracheotomy as part of his treatment for throat cancer. These examples also frame some of the social and ethical dimensions of this technology. The Bourdain use case was decried as exploitative by many (particularly as its use was not disclosed in the film), while the Kilmer work has been generally lauded, with the technology praised for delivering what other solutions could not.
Celebrity applications of voice clones are likely to be the most prominent in the next few years, with companies hoping the famous will want to boost their income with minimal effort by cloning and renting out their voices. One company, Veritone, launched just such a service earlier this year, saying it would let influencers, athletes, and actors license their AI voice for things like endorsements and radio idents, without ever having to go into a studio. Were really excited about what that means for a host of different industries because the hardest part about someones voice and being able to use it and being able to expand upon that is the individuals time, Sean King, executive vice president at Veritone One, told The Vergecast. A person becomes the limiting factor in what were doing.
Such applications are not yet widespread (or if they are, theyre not widely talked about), but it seems like an obvious way for celebrities to make money. Bruce Willis, for example, has already licensed his image to be used as a visual deepfake in mobile phone ads in Russia. The deal allows him to make money without ever leaving the house, while the advertising company gets an infinitely malleable actor (and, notably, a much younger version of Willis, straight out of his Die Hard days). These sorts of visual and audio clones could accelerate the scales of economy for celebrity work, allowing them to capitalize on their fame as long as theyre happy renting out a simulacrum of themselves.
In the here and now, voice synthesis technology is already being built into tools like the eponymous podcast editing software built by US firm Descript. The companys Overdub feature lets a podcaster create an AI clone of their voice so producers can make quick changes to their audio, supplementing the programs transcription-based editing. As Descript CEO Andrew Mason told The Vergecast: You can not only delete words in Descript and have it delete the audio, you can type words and it will generate audio in your voice.
When I tried Descripts Overdub feature myself, it was certainly easy enough to use though, as mentioned above, recording the training data was a bit of a chore. (It was much easier for my colleague and regular Verge podcast host Ashley Carman, who had lots of pre-recorded audio ready to send the AI.) The voice clones made by Overdub are not flawless, certainly. They have an odd warble to their tone and lack the ability to really charge lines with emotion and emphasis, but theyre also unmistakably you. The first time I used my voice clone was a genuinely uncanny moment. I had no idea that this deeply personal thing my voice could be copied by technology so quickly and easily. It felt like a meeting with the future but was also strangely familiar. After all, life is already full of digital mirrors of avatars and social media feeds that are supposed to embody you in various forms so why not add a speaking automaton to the mix?
The initial shock of hearing a voice clone of yourself doesnt mean human voices are redundant, though. Far from it. You can certainly improve on the quality of voice deepfakes with a little manual editing, but in their automated form, they still cant deliver anywhere near the range of inflection and intonation you get from professionals. As voice artist and narrator Andia Winslow told The Vergecast, while AI voices might be useful for rote voice work for internal messaging systems, automated public announcements, and the like they cant compete with humans in many use cases. For big stuff, things that need breath and life, its not going to go that way because, partly, these brands like working with the celebrities they hire, for example, said Winslow.
But what does this technology mean for the general public? For those of us who arent famous enough to benefit from the technology and are not professionally threatened by its development? Well, the potential applications are varied. Its not hard to imagine a video game where the character creation screen includes an option to create a voice clone, so it sounds like the player is speaking all of the dialogue in the game. Or there might be an app for parents that allows them to copy their voice so that they can read bedtime stories to their children even when theyre not around. Such applications could be done with todays technology, though the middling quality of quick clones would make them a hard sell.
There are also potential dangers. Fraudsters have already used voice clones to trick companies into moving money into their accounts, and other malicious uses are certainly lurking just beyond the horizon. Imagine, for example, a high school student surreptitiously recording a classmate to create a voice clone of them, then faking audio of that person bad-mouthing a teacher to get them in trouble. If the uses of visual deepfakes are anything to go by, where worries about political misinformation have proven largely misplaced but the technology has done huge damage creating nonconsensual pornography, its these sorts of incidents that pose the biggest threats.
One things for sure, though: in the future, anyone will be able to create an AI voice clone of themselves if they want to. But the script this chorus of digital voices will follow has yet to be written.
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Scientists have had a breakthrough in cloning coconut trees – Earth.com
Posted: at 8:59 pm
Despite a growing demand for coconuts worldwide, the trees grow slowly and are challenging to clone. Coconut trees are also facing many different threats, including climate change, disease, and rising sea levels.
In a new study led by KU Leuven, researchers have developed a method to multiply coconut trees faster and store them more efficiently in gene banks.
The research was inspired by another fruit the banana. Based on previous work with banana plants, study co-author Bart Panis predicted that a certain plant hormone could also be successful in coconut trees.
Coconut plants do not form side shoots. They put all their energy into one shoot that has to grow as fast and as tall as possible. This makes it very difficult to clone and store the plants, said Panis.
First, the scientists extracted the coconut tree embryo from the coconut. Next, they applied the plant hormone to the meristem contained in the embryo. This caused the embryo to form not only one shoot, but several side shoots.
Nobody thought we could do it. But we persevered with determination, said Panis. There are other methods of vegetatively propagating coconut trees but we are confident that this is the first method that is also time- and cost-efficient.
The teams top priority is to safeguard the coconut trees genetic diversity as efficiently as possible. The researchers explained that it is very crucial to preserve as many varieties of the coconut plant because each variety has specific characteristics some are resistant to a particular disease, while others are more resistant to heat or drought.
Currently, the coconut tree is kept as a tree in field collections. But some of these collections are threatened by Lethal Yellowing Disease, said study lead author Hannes Wilms.
Our technique now also allows the shoots of the coconut plant to be preserved for eternity by cryopreservation, in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196C.
This is important for the future: if a new disease was to affect coconut production, there may be a variety in the gene bank that is resistant to this disease and can be planted out in the affected areas, said Panis.
Theres a huge demand for coconut. The existing plantations are old and need to be replanted in the short term. So our technique meets the great demand for healthy plant material.
The study is published in the journal Scientific Reports.
By Chrissy Sexton, Earth.com Staff Writer
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Maybe Lets Not Try to Clone Wooly Mammoths Right Now – New York Magazine
Posted: at 8:59 pm
Photo: Daniel Eskridge/Getty Images/iStockphoto
Messing with megafauna usually doesnt work out for the human parties involved, whether its a fictional island theme park overrun by killer dinosaurs or its Florida, where, in 1992, Hurricane Andrew released scores of exotic species held as pets, resulting in invasive Burmese pythons living in over 1,000 square miles of the state.
Into this legacy steps a company called Colossal, which plans to jumpstart natures ancestral heartbeat by cloning and re-introducing thousands of wooly mammoths in Siberia. Led by Harvard Medical School biologist George Church, the plan is to edit mammoth hair and tendencies into elephant DNA and produce mammoth embryos within several years.
There are potential benefits for the larger state of the world, if they can pull it off. Some researchers suggest that wooly mammoths helped transformed the now-mossy tundra into a fertilized grassland; if the Frankenstein version were able to achieve this feat again, the tundra could serve as a buffer against erosion and a potential carbon-dioxide sink to combat global warming. Colossal, which describes itself as the de-extinction company, also hopes the reanimation of the wooly mammoth could serve as a first step toward further genetic alterations to save endangered species on a planet threatened by biodiversity collapse by rewriting their DNA to allow them to adapt to a changing climate.
But as the New York Times notes, there are some obvious concerns with the ambitious venture:
If Colossal does manage to produce baby mammoth-like elephants, the company will face serious ethical questions. Is it humane to produce an animal whose biology we know so little about? Who gets to decide whether they can be set loose, potentially to change the ecosystems of tundras in profound ways?
Heather Bushman, a philosopher at the London School of Economics, said that whatever benefits mammoths might have to the tundra will need to be weighed against the possible suffering that they might experience in being brought into existence by scientists.
You dont have a mother for a species that if they are anything like elephants has extraordinarily strong mother-infant bonds that last for a very long time, she said. Once there is a little mammoth or two on the ground, who is making sure that theyre being looked after?
Considering the recent controversy surrounding much simpler gain-of-function research, perhaps its best to leave this idea in the ground for now or, even better, to actually put political resources toward preventing theworst outcomes of the climate crisis rather than play around with deep adaptation schemes that intentionally riff on Jurassic Park.
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Psychologists have uncovered a new uncanny phenomenon called the "clone devaluation effect" – PsyPost
Posted: at 8:59 pm
New research published in PLOS One provides evidence that duplicated human faces tend to elicit negative emotions in viewers. The findings serve as a warning that future robotic or cloning technology could provoke unpleasant psychological reactions.
The rapid development of humanoid technology is very exciting for people. However, when I imagined the future mass production of androids, I thought that we might be surrounded by human-like entities with the same face (like Agent Smith in the Matrix), said study author Fumiya Yonemitsu of Kyushu University, who is also a research fellow at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
I love science fiction stories that frequently include such situations, but I was horrified to think that this is what the imagined future world would actually look like. I was also curious if this is an emotional response that humans have in general.
Our previous cognitive psychological research has repeatedly shown that unfamiliar and unknown objects evoke an uncanny feeling (e.g., Yamada et al., 2013), and the scene with all the same faces is exactly the kind of unfamiliar and unknown situation that violates our expectations of what a real scene should be like, Yonemitsu explained. I believe that such a situation also evokes a sense of uncanny, and this is the reason why I wanted to try to conduct this study.
In six experiments, which included 2,135 Japanese adults, the researchers consistently found evidence that clone human faces induced a sense of eeriness and improbability. The main finding in this research is that we have an eerie impression of people that have faces with the exact same appearance, which is named the clone devaluation effect, Yonemitsu told PsyPost.
This suggests an ironic future. Even if technology is highly advanced enough to overcome the uncanny valley, if we implement a large number of mass-produced humanoid robots all over the world, as we do with todays consumer electronics, there will be new uncanny phenomena.
The researchers found that as the number of the clone faces in a scene increased, so did subjective ratings of eeriness. Seeing four clone faces was viewed as stranger than viewing two clone faces. But the results appear to be limited to humanoid faces. Clone dog faces were not associated with heighted eeriness ratings, possibly because humans have difficulties in distinguishing the individual faces of other species. In addition, clone human faces drawn in anime and cartoons images were viewed as less eerie and improbable than clone faces in photographic images.
In our experiment, both the clone and non-clone faces used as stimulus images were edited by swapping the facial parts. Therefore, the amount of collage was the same in both conditions, and it is unlikely that the failure of image editing caused the clone devaluation effect, Yonemitsu explained.
Yonemitsu and his colleagues also examined the faces of famous twins. They found that the subjective eeriness of twins faces tended to be lower than that of clone non-twins faces. This could indicate that the duplication of identity, rather than just the duplication of facial features, is what induces eeriness.
This research does not argue that multiplets (e.g., twins) are eerie. As shown in the paper, the research provides findings that clone faces are less eerie when they are multiplets. I would like to strongly emphasize this point, as it is easily misleading, Yonemitsu explained.
But the study like all research includes some limitations.
The clone faces presented in this study were images only. We know that some concerns exist in this regard in terms of construct validity and practicality. The ideal measurement would be to actually produce a number of cloned humans or androids with the same face beyond the uncanny valley and ask people for their impressions. But that is realistically impossible, Yonemitsu said.
So should we just leave this problem alone? We did not think so. Therefore, future research will have to consider its limitations and go beyond them. For example, it will be necessary to have the participants look at the faces of the clones in a more realistic environment, for example, by using virtual reality or by using actual human beings who have been given special makeup to make them look the same.
The findings highlight the need to think critically about introducing new technology because of the potential for unpleasant psychological reactions, the researchers said.
Although our research suggests that the great development of technology may bring us rather unpleasant situations in some aspects, we believe that research from a psychological point of view, such as this one, which anticipates future situations, plays an important role in order for people to smoothly accept the results of technological innovation and enjoy its benefits, Yonemitsu told PsyPost.
If we imagine the future, there could be a large number of psychological phenomena that we have not yet explored, and we can find many hints of them in science fiction works. I would like to end by saying that psychologists can greatly expand the scope of their research beyond the current realm.
The study, The clone devaluation effect: A new uncanny phenomenon concerning facial identity, was authored by Fumiya Yonemitsu, Kyoshiro Sasaki, Akihiko Gobara, and Yuki Yamada.
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$5M NSF Grant to Fund Research on Quantum Internet Foundations – Maryland Today
Posted: at 8:56 pm
The National Science Foundation (NSF) today announced a $5 million, two-year award to a University of Maryland-led multi-institutional team to develop quantum interconnectscrucial technology to connect quantum computers and pave the way for a quantum internet.
The team, QuaNeCQT (Quantum Networks to Connect Quantum Technology), has been developing the quantum versions of a modem and a routerfamiliar equipment in the world of standard, or classical computing, but a challenge to build for use with devices that operate based on the principles of quantum.
The devices allow ion trap quantum computersa leading approach to quantum information processing developed in part at the University of Marylandto exchange quantum information over distances measured in kilometers, eventually leading to the development of networks that could revolutionize numerous industries and help solve vexing societal problems.
Quantum networks are at an inflection point with the potential for significant expansion, said Edo Waks, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and associate director of UMDs Quantum Technology Center (QTC). But the scale-up cant happen without standardized modular hardware between the new computers that are emerging and the vast infrastructure of the current internet.
The hardware we are developing will address the critical gap, opening up the door to the future quantum internet that can connect quantum computers over continental distances, said Waks.
Other UMD team members include physics Assistant Professor and QTC Fellow Norbert Linke, and Mid-Atlantic Crossroads (MAX) Executive Director Tripti Sinha, assistant vice president and chief technology officer for UMDs Division of Information Technology. The team also includes Dirk Englund of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Saikat Guha of the University of Arizona.
The researchers plan to deploy this new technology in the Mid-Atlantic Region Quantum Internet (MARQI), UMD's regional quantum network footprint. The MARQI network will interconnect quantum computers at UMD, the Army Research Laboratory, MAX and IonQa leading quantum computing company focused on ion-trap computers that operates in UMDs Discovery Districtwith a potential for significant expansion.
During the first phase of research, the team developed working prototypes of the quantum router and modem. Using a process called quantum frequency conversion, the modem converts signals from a quantum computer to infrared photons that can propagate through optical fibers over long distances. The router is powered by a silicon photonic chip that manipulates quantum signals in the network using quantum teleportationan effect demonstrated in 2009 by researchers at UMDs Joint Quantum Institute that allows quantum states to be transferred between particles that are physically separate. The team has deployed these prototypes in the MARQI network and established direct links with the various nodes of the network.
A quantum network could revolutionize numerous industries that take advantage of quantum computing including computing, banking, medicine and data analytics It would also enable connection of many multiple small quantum computers into powerful distributed quantum computers that could potentially solve problems with significant societal impact, from curing diseases to new approaches to fighting climate change.
As quantum technology converges with the Internet, a new technology sector would emerge, the researchers say, bringing with it the potential for major economic growth by producing rapid technological innovation and creating a large number of new jobs for the future quantum workforce, just as the emergence of the Internet did toward the late 20th century.
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