Daily Archives: September 10, 2021

This Robot Trader Turned Bullish on Amazon, Facebook, and Nvidia. What It Sold. – Barron’s

Posted: September 10, 2021 at 6:13 am

An exchange-traded fund with holdings decided by artificial intelligence loaded up on shares of Amazon, Facebook, and Nvidia this month, as the robot trader turned bullish on technology and U.S. retailand doubted some Covid-19 pandemic trend stocks.

In a departure from recent months, the robot trader went all-in with its new picks, which now represent the five largest holdings in the fund. Amazon has a portfolio weighting of 7.98%, followed close behind by Facebook with 7.91%. Nvidia makes up 6.06% of the fund with Walmart and Home Depot at 4.83% and 4.24%, respectively.

The remaining stocks in the funds top 10, making up between 3.96% and 1.9% of AMOM, are software groups Adobe (ADBE) and Intuit (INTU), semiconductor companies Texas Instruments (TXM) and Lam Research (LRCX), and beauty products powerhouse Este Lauder (EL).

Facebook and Nvidias respective pushes into the metaverse make them attractive investments, said Francis Geeseok Oh, a managing director at Qraft and the head of its Asia-Pacific business.

The metaverse is a buzzword referring to virtual environments in which users can immerse themselveswhether that be to interact and work with others, consume content, or more. As Barrons wrote last month, its like being inside the internet, versus just connecting to it.

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has said the companys future is in the metaverseand it recently rolled out virtual workspaces in Facebook Workrooms. Nvidia, similarly, has developed what it calls the Omniversea real-time, 3-D computer simulation and collaboration platform with industrial applications such as simulating factories.

Also read:The Metaverse Goes Beyond Facebook. Watch These Stocks.

As for Amazon, AMOMs recent buy only brings the tech giant back into the fold after a hiatus. AMOM removed Amazon last month before it missed Q2 earnings expectations, Oh noted, saying that its addition in September represents the advantages of an active strategy.

Oh also said that the robot traders picksnamely, Walmart and Home Depotemphasize a retail boom in the U.S. The latest retail sales data, from July, showed that sales have slowed, but there remains a convincing case for investors to remain optimistic about American consumers.

The additions in September came as the artificial intelligence behind AMOM removed chip maker AMD (AMD), social media group Snap (SNAP), video communications company Zoom (ZM), digital scanning and orthodontics specialist Align (ALGN), and connected television maker Roku (ROKU). AMD, Snap, Zoom, and Align previously made up AMOMs top-four holdings.

Oh noted that the AIs decision to remove AMD was likely a profit-taking trade. The stock is up almost 17% so far this year.

But its a different story for Zoom and Roku, Oh said, highlighting that the robot trader turned its back on two stocks that represent the pandemic tradebusinesses that have benefited from trends accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic.

This may be a response to the Delta [coronavirus] variant and the increasing belief amongst many analysts that it has reached its peak, Oh said.

Plus:Jeff Bezos Isnt the Worlds Richest Person Anymore. Meet the Man Who Beat Him.

AMOM has been listed in New York since May 2019, and has delivered total returns of 15.5% so far in 2021 and 32% in the past yearoutpacing its benchmark, the S&P 500 Momentum index, which has climbed a comparable 30% in the past year.

AMOM is an actively managed portfolio driven by artificial intelligence, tracking 50 large-cap U.S. stocks and reweighting its holdings each month. It is based on a momentum strategy, with the AI behind its stock picks capitalizing on the movements of existing market trends to inform the decision to add, remove, or reweight holdings. The artificial intelligence scans the market and uses its predictive power to analyze a wide set of patterns that show stock-market momentum.

The fund is a product of Qraft, a Seoul, South Korea-based fintech group leveraging AI across its investment products, which include three other AI-picked versions of major indexes: a U.S. large cap index ( QRFT ); a U.S. large cap dividend index ( HDIV ); and a U.S. value index ( NVQ ).

The entrance of AI-run funds onto Wall Street promised a new high-tech future for investing, though it hasnt quite lived up to the hype yet. Theoretically, researchers have shown that AI investing strategies can beat the market by up to 40% on an annualized basis, when tested against historical data.

But Vasant Dhar, a professor at New York Universitys Stern School of Business and the founder of machine-learning-based hedge fund SCT Capital Management, argued on MarketWatch in June 2020 that AI-run funds wont crack the code of the stock market.

Advocating caution, Dhar said that it was difficult for funds underpinned by machine learning to maintain a sustainable edge over markets, which have a nonstationary and adversarial nature. He advised investors considering an AI system to ask tough questions, including how likely it is that the AIs edge will persist into the future, and what the inherent uncertainties and range of performance outcomes for the fund are.

Write to Jack Denton at jack.denton@dowjones.com

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Top Republican senator in talks with Democrats on anti-Big Tech antitrust bill – Yahoo News

Posted: at 6:13 am

Sen. Chuck Grassley of Iowa, one of the top Republicans focused on holding Big Tech companies accountable, is working with Democrats on an antitrust bill that would significantly boost supporters of bipartisan antitrust legislation in Congress.

Grassley, the ranking member on the Senate Judiciary Committee, is in talks to co-sponsor antitrust legislation with Democratic Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, the chairwoman of the committee in charge of regulating tech giants such as Facebook and Google.

The legislation would complement similar bipartisan anti-Big Tech legislation, which is expected to be brought to the House floor in the coming months.

The House legislation, which passed the House Judiciary Committee in June, included six sweeping antitrust bills aimed at reining in tech companies such as Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook. It marked Washingtons most significant and serious attempt to reshape the technology industry.

APPLE APPS, GOOGLE SEARCH, AND AMAZON BASICS FACE DRASTIC CHANGES FROM BIPARTISAN HOUSE ANTITRUST BILL

"Senator Grassley has been engaged with Senator Klobuchar on a possible companion bill to one of the House bills," George Hartmann, a spokesman for Grassley, said in a statement to the Washington Examiner. "Senator Grassley is only working on one of the bills and has not agreed to cosponsor a bill at this point."

Grassley and Klobuchar have worked together on relevant antitrust legislation in the past, including a bill that passed the Senate in June providing antitrust enforcers, such as the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department, additional resources when it comes to evaluating mergers.

Hartmann said strengthening antitrust laws and reducing anti-competitive practices in the business world, particularly among tech companies, has long been a priority for Grassley.

Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas is also interested in working on such legislation and is involved in talks with Klobuchar and Grassley, a spokesman for Cotton said. Other Republican senators are also said to be in negotiations to support a Senate antitrust bill, including Josh Hawley of Missouri, Marco Rubio of Florida, and Susan Collins of Maine, Politico reported.

Story continues

Similar to the House antitrust bills, bipartisan Senate legislation could receive opposition from members of both parties due to concerns it could harm innovation and result in unintended consequences to consumers.

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On the House side, many Republicans, including House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy of California and Judiciary Committee ranking member Jim Jordan of Ohio, oppose the antitrust package in their chamber, arguing they fail to address censorship of conservatives online.

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Tags: News, Policy, Economy, Big Tech, Chuck Grassley, Amy Klobuchar, Senate Republicans, Senate Democrats, Senate Judiciary Committee, Antitrust

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Move over, Alexa: A Roomba could soon be the brain behind your smart home – Fast Company

Posted: at 6:13 am

Colin Angle, the CEO and founder of iRobot, believes that tech giants have botched the smart home.

Systems like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Apple HomeKit, and Samsung SmartThings all boast thousands of device integrations, but getting those disparate parts to work well in concert can be a tremendous pain. Instead of trying to connect with everything, Angle believes the way forward is to start over and think smaller.

Unlike the Googles, Amazons, and SmartThings of the world, I believe in a walled garden, Angle says. I believe the experience trumps universality.

iRobot, best known for its Roomba robot vacuums, is now in the middle of trying to fulfill that vision. The companys iRobot Genius software has just added a bunch of new features to help its vacuums better understand whats happening in the home, and its releasing a new high-end Roomba that can steer around power cords and pet waste.

Object-Detection Cords Alert [Photo: iRobot]While those features exist primarily to clean your floors right now, Angle says iRobots eventual goal is hook the companys home awareness into other smart home products, including ones that arent strictly related to vacuuming or mopping. To do that, iRobot will look to build close partnerships with other device makers instead of inviting everyone into its ecosystem. This walled-off approach may be by necessityiRobot is a relatively small company after allbut its ability to map out homes and send robots into every corner could give it an advantage that other smaller smart home brands might lack.

I think we need to have closer partnerships, tighter integrations, and more automation in how your home is managed, configured, and maintained to create an overall experience that the average user can take full advantage of, he says.

iRobots bigger smart home plans started taking shape about a year ago, when it released the first version of its Genius software as a free upgrade for its existing iRobot app. That update allowed Roombas to identify areas that need more frequent cleaning, recommend cleaning schedules based on user behavior, and flag obstacles that users might want to permanently avoid in the future.

Clean While Im Away [Photo: iRobot]The new iRobot Genius software extends those ideas a bit further. New users will see suggested room names after their robot comes up with a floor plan, so they can more easily ask nearby Alexa or Google Assistant speakers to start cleaning specific rooms. iRobot is also adding estimated cleaning times, a geofence feature to help Roombas clean when no ones home, and the ability to move quietly between parts of the house for spot cleaning.

The Roomba j7+ vacuum, meanwhile, can automatically avoid pet wasteiRobot says itll replace any vacuum that fails to do soand can send pictures back to the user for any obstacles it might want to permanently avoid in the future.

Personalized Suggestions, Pet Shedding Season [Photo: iRobot]In the near term, this is all part of iRobots plan to differentiate through software as robot vacuum hardware becomes increasingly commoditized. (Competitors such as Neato, Eufy, and Ecovacs all offer robots with advanced features such as room mapping, waste disposal, and basic obstacle detection.)

The robot intelligence system you choose starts to feel a lot like the personal computer operating system that you choose, Angle says, alluding to how you might pick between Mac or Windows before figuring out which laptop to buy.

The bigger picture is still murky, but Angle says a lot of what iRobot is doing now will ultimately have applications beyond just cleaning floors. Angle floats of the idea of having a Roomba double as a roving security camera, and suggests that it could work in tandem with air purifiers to clean more or less often based on environmental conditions. It might even be able to adjust room lighting when it knows that no ones around. Angle wont give a timeline for these kinds of features, but says iRobot will start testing them in beta before rolling them out more broadly.

The scope of Genius is far larger than simply making your Roomba work better, Angle says.

Roomba j7 with Google Assistant [Photo: iRobot]Angle argues that iRobot is better equipped to automate those tasks than other smart home ecosystems, simply because its robots are set up to map out your entire home and understand your schedule. In other words, it will understand context in ways that other ecosystems often dont.

What we can bring to the table is knowing where everything is, he says. Because youre living with us in a partnership, we probably have a pretty good idea about how you like your house to run.

These could easily turn out to be empty promises, but the underlying concept is refreshing compared to the alternative. For several years now, systems like Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Apple HomeKit have been connecting all kinds of devices with little regard for the quality of those integrations. The result has been a mishmash of competing standards and protocols, along with constant headaches when things fail to work as advertised.

Only now are the tech giants starting to embrace true interoperability, rallying the industry behind a common protocol for smart home devices. But whether any of that will elevate the smart home beyond the purview of geeks with time to kill remains uncertain. Perhaps Angle is right to insist on a reboot.

I would love an all for one and one for all smart home experience, except its so hard, he says. Id settle for a great experience first, then grow whos allowed in, as a radical new approach.

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Attack on Infosys worry top tech giants of consequences if not aligned with govt wishes – Tech Observer

Posted: at 6:13 am

A scalding attack on Indian technology giant Infosys by a ruling dispensation-backed mouthpiece has not gone out well with the leading technology companies in the country with many fearing consequences if not being able to align with the Union government wishes.

Over the weekend, a magazine closely associated with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) launched an attack on Indian tech giant Infosys for failing to resolve glitches in the income tax website it manages.

The magazine went far to call Infosys anti-national for letting down the tax system. Just last month, the finance ministry summoned Infosys CEO over the tech issues and in an unusual step took to Twitter to announce the summoning, heightening a media frenzy around a company that has been the face of Indias ITs prowess.

Last month the commerce minister also publicly lashed out at the $106 billion Tata Group for criticizing proposed stringent rules for e-commerce and said local companies should not only think about profits. In India, safeguarding domestic businesses has been Modis priority as close nationalistic groups criticise foreign businesses like Amazon.

The latest events have raised concerns among business leaders about whether Modi is now taking a hardline approach towards domestic giants as well. RC Bhargava, chairman of Maruti Suzuki, while defending Infosys, said it had played a key role in building Indias software reputation globally.

It needs to explain the glitches, but it doesnt mean there is a conspiracy to damage the country, Bhargava said.

The latest Infosys controversy is related to the governments new income tax filing website launched on June 7. But there were many glitches that Infosys could not fix, despite assurances. When the Infosys CEO was summoned in August, the finance minister conveyed deep disappointment and concerns, giving the company until September 15 to fix things.

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What is the Chinese government looking for with the offensive against the countrys tech giants – Market Research Telecast

Posted: at 6:13 am

Chinese mogul Jack Ma had the party set up.

Everything was in order so that the Ant Group (Alibabas financial arm) will begin in November 2020 its first sale of shares on the Hong Kong and Shanghai stock markets for a value of US$34.400 millones, in what would be the largest IPO in history.

But at the last minute, Chinese financial regulators suspended the operation over competition concerns in the market.

That is, they cut off the power, turned off the music, and sent the guests home.

The result was that the authorities demanded a restructuring of Chinas largest digital commerce and finance conglomerate, and Jack Ma, which used to be the symbol of the countrys entrepreneurial success, was out of the public eye for several months.

The unexpected decision caused a great international impact. But what probably few imagined at the time is that it was only the beginning of a government offensive for mark the limits to the tech giants.

Recently the president Xi Jinping He defended his campaign to impose greater control over firms in the technology sector at a meeting of the Steering Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, according to the official press.

Its goal, argued the Chinese leader, is to prevent irrational capital expansion and tackle wild growth of technology companies.

He also issued a clear warning: he will redouble his scrutiny on these companies.

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Steve Jobs helped launch her career. Now, her start-up brings in millions annually – CNBC

Posted: at 6:13 am

When opportunity came knocking in 2009, and it was Steve Jobs at the door, Alina Vandenberghe's career took off.

At the time, Vandenberghe was a 25-year-old software developer, working as an intern on the mobile product team at global news agency Thomson Reuters. Today, the native of Bucharest, Romania, is the co-founder and chief experience officer of Brooklyn, N.Y.-based Chili Piper, a meeting scheduler for corporate clients and their sales teams. Founded in 2016, Chili Piper brings in roughly $10 million in annual recurring revenue from 30,000 different clients, including names like Spotify, Airbnb and Shopify.

The 143-employee start-up has pulled in $54 million in funding to date, from investors like Flashpoint Venture Capital and Gradient Ventures, Google's AI investment arm. Vandenberghe says Chili Piper is on track to hit $20 million in annual revenue by the end of 2021.

Plenty of start-up founders credit Jobs with inspiring them to take the entrepreneurial leap. Vandenberghe is one of the precious few who can directly attribute her company's ethos to a personal interaction with the late Apple co-founder: All those years ago, Jobs selected a Thomson Reuters app she helped build for the launch of Apple's first iPad.

Any young software developer would have taken that vote of confidence and run with it. But for Vandenberghe, a young woman in tech who grew up under a Communist regime, working with Jobs meant something particularly special. It was the exact type of mentorship she needed to find her competitive edge.

Take the complex, and make it simple. That was the feedback Jobs repeatedly gave Vandenberghe and her team over email and conference calls as they worked on developing the Thomson Reuters app. The message was decidedly on-brand for the Apple co-founder, whose successful designs often relied on prioritizing ease of user experience.

"Simple can be harder than complex," Jobs told Business Week back in 1998. "You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But it's worth it in the end because once you get there, you can move mountains."

The advice stuck with Vandenberghe, who struggled to convey complex concepts for years after arriving in New York City in 2007. Entrepreneurship wasn't new to her: In Bucharest, at the end of the communist party's reign in Romania, Vandenberghe's early-age side hustles ranged from tutoring and selling lipstick to managing her neighbor's water and electricity invoices.

But in the United States, her broken English and heavy accent made it difficult for her to effectively communicate. "When I arrived, I felt like everyone's English was 100 times superior to mine," Vandenberghe says. "It got better, but at the beginning I was struggling a lot with others and sometimes I would barely talk."

After two years of working as an independent consultant for mobile software projects and sending out "millions of job applications" she finally landed the Thomson Reuters internship. A few months in, her manager approached her and a colleague with a special assignment: Build an app for a small rectangular tablet encased in a metal frame and chained to the desk in a windowless basement room below Times Square in New York City.

The task required signing a non-disclosure agreement, which expired once the iPad was publicly announced. "[I] didn't say anything to anyone, including my own manager," says Vandenberghe. The feedback from Jobs to keep simplifying the user experience was constant. "Create something that will 'wow' them," she recalls Jobs saying.

Alina Vandenberghe in New York City's Times Square, standing below an ad for the Thomas Reuters iPad app she designed.

Source: Alina Vandenberghe

After Vandenberghe and her partner finished the app, she was promoted from intern to mobile product manager. After Jobs' livestream keynote address announcing the tablet in January 2010, Vandenberghe was promoted again to director of mobile. A few days after the announcement, she left her Times Square office and looked up to see a giant ad for the app on a billboard.

"I was completely struck by it," she says. "[I] couldn't even imagine it was possible."

A decade later, when Vandenberghe finally decided to launch her own company, she remembered Jobs' advice.

Chili Piper's platform was designed to be simple one-click, intuitive and visually appealing. The company's mission is also based on the concept of simplicity, Vandenberghe says: helping sales teams by easing the complicated back-and-forth of scheduling meetings. "The reason we are successful is because we decided to take the simple consumer experience and apply it to enterprise," she says. "Enterprise software tends to be clunkier and difficult to use."

The concept might seem silly or, perhaps, overly simplistic but investors point to the start-up's revenue figures as proof that Vandenberghe and her co-founder, her husband Nicolas, were onto something from the beginning.

"When we invested [in 2019], they already had north of $1 million of revenue," says Flashpoint founder and general partner Michael Szalontay. "And you know, basically no one in the U.S. was interested in giving them money."

Today, marketing tech attracts much more attention, especially in the remote-work era of virtual meetings and deals. Market research firm Gartner estimates the software side of the industry to be worth roughly $17.9 billion, while Chili Piper's internal research pegs the broader marketing tech industry at $56.5 billion.

One competitor, Atlanta-based start-up Calendly, reached a $3 billion valuation in January following a $350 million fundraise. Tech giants like Google and Apple have also entered the arena during the Covid-19 pandemic by building meeting scheduling services into Google Workspace and iWork, respectively.

"I'm sure [Google and Apple] will be able to build a great product," says Szalontay. "But hopefully, we can use our first-mover advantage and get far enough that we continue to bring instant value."

Vandenberghe downplays the competition from Google, a Chili Piper investor, saying their respective products are built to serve different needs. But the pressure of competing with Apple is real, especially since she credits Chili Piper's success to her time spent working with Jobs and the iPad team. As a first-generation immigrant and female engineer, she says, self-doubt constantly creeps in especially when she thinks about the legacies of her new competitors.

Whenever that happens, she recalls those early days with Jobs. "I am always reminding myself to have courage," she says. "And to continue down the crazy path I'm on."

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Slavery was the ultimate labor distortion: Empowering workers today would be a form of reparations – Kansas Reflector

Posted: at 6:10 am

Most of the conversation to date has focused on reparations in terms of payouts of some form. Prominent authorTa-Nehisi Coates, in a powerful argument for reparations, said payments must be made by white America to Black America much as Germany started paying Israel in 1952to compensate for the persecution of Jews by the Nazis.

As ascholar who has written on economic justice and the labor movement, I agree that reparations must have economic substance, because the impact of racism is inherently linked with power and money. But myresearch suggests another model for reparations: If one of the most significant aspects of slavery even if not the only one was a massive disruption of labor relations, then a crucial part in the reparations discussion could involve reshaping the labor relationship between employers and employees today.

I believe such a reshaping of the labor relationship would substantially benefit the descendants of enslaved people in the United States. Labor, as my research has argued, has implications for all aspects of life and labor reform would, I believe, address many of the problems of structural racism as well. In addition, reshaping the labor relationship would also have positive effects for all working people,including those who experience enslavement today.

Labor relations can be considered distorted when one party profits disproportionally at the expense of another. In other words, it is a departure from a fair days pay for a fair days work a concept that forms a bedrock demand of the labor movement, alongside good working conditions.

This is not just a matter of money but also of power. Under the conditions of slavery, the distortion of labor relations was nearly complete. Slave owners pocketed the profits and claimed absolute power, while slaves had to obey and risk life and limb for no compensation.

Black Americans continue to be disadvantaged in the labor market today. As CEO compensationsoars, the number of Black CEOs remains remarkably low there were just four Black CEOs at Fortune 500 companiesas of March 2021. In general, the wage gap between Black and white employeeshas grown in recent years. Fueling these disparities, as well as building on them, is the structural racism that reparations could be designed to address.

Unionization can be a tool to rebalance labor relations and candiminish this racial gap,studies have shown. But union membership in general and among Black workers in particular has declined in recent decades. And a weaker labor movement is associated with greater racial wage disparity.

Another tool to rebalance labor relations is worker-owned cooperatives, which have along tradition in African American communities, as economist Jessica Gordon Nembhard has noted. From early on, she points out, African Americans realized that without economic justice without economic equality, independence and stability social and political rights were hollow, or actually not achievable. Gordon Nembhards work also shows that such cooperatives were often fought and ultimately destroyed because they were so successful in empowering African American communities.

Some in the labor movement are beginning to link reparations with union rights. Laborlawyer Thomas Geogheganhas suggested that the proposed Protecting the Right to Organize Act, a bill before Congress that would strengthen workers rights and weaken anti-union right-to-work laws, should be viewed as a practical form of Black reparations. He argued inan article for The New Republicthat wealth redistribution through union membership is more permanent and lasting than a check written out as Black reparations, however much deserved, and far more likely to get a return over time.

While there is considerable disagreement about the profits employers should be able to make from the labor of their employees, there is little disagreement about the wrongness of practices like outrightwage theft which today takes the form of employers not paying part or all promised wages or paying less than mandated minimum wage. Even those who rarely worry about employers making too much profit would for the most part likely agree that wage theft is wrong. Agreement on this matter takes us back to slavery, which might be considered the ultimate wage theft.

Addressing the ongoing legacy of slavery and systemic racism requires not only economic solutions but also improving labor relations and protecting workers against wage discrimination, disempowerment at work, and violations such as wage theft thatdisproportionately affect workers of color.

Reparations that fail to pay attention to improving labor relations may not achieve economic equality. The reparations paid to Israel by Germany, for instance, have not helped to achieve economic equality the Israeli economy is still, alongside the U.S.s, among the most unequal in the developed world, with the richest 10% of each countrys population earning more than 15 times that of the poorest.

Simple monetary payouts are not, I believe, sufficient to solve the problem of racial inequality. Wage theft can again serve as the example here. While repaying stolen wages as New York state did in 2018 by returning $35 million to workers is commendable, repaying stolen wages does not in itself change the skewed relationships between employer and employee that enable wage theft in the first place. Greater empowerment of working people is needed to do that.

So while redistributing money can be part of the solution, it may not go far enough.

Tying reparations to the improvement of labor relations which can happen through the empowerment of working people or the promotion of worker-owned cooperatives would not only help those most affected by wealth and employment gaps, Black Americans, it would also benefit others who have traditionally been discriminated againstin employment, such as women, immigrants and many other working people.

Improving labor relations would address systemic racial discrimination where it is often most destructive and painful: at work, where people spend the bulk of their waking hours, and where the economic wellbeing of families and by extension entire communities can be decided.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Opinion | Why Empowering Workers Is a Form of Reparations – YES! Magazine

Posted: at 6:10 am

The conversation about reparations for slavery entered a new stage earlier in 2021, with the U.S. House Judiciary Committeevoting for the creation of a commissionto address the matter.

The bill,H.R. 40, has been introduced every Congress since 1989 by U.S. Reps. Sheila Jackson Lee and John Conyers,until his death in 2019. But this year marks the first time that its request to study and develop reparation proposals for African Americans has cleared the committee stage.

Calls to redress the lasting impact of slavery and racial discrimination have been amplified recently because of further evidence of the impact of systemic racismboth through thedisproportionate effect of COVID-19 on the Black community and the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and others at the hands of U.S. police.

To many, the question is not so much whether or not reparations are in order, but what kinds of reparations might be appropriate.

Most of the conversation to date has focused on reparations in terms of payouts of some form. Prominent authorTa-Nehisi Coates, in a powerful argument for reparations, said payments must be made by White America to Black Americamuch asGermany started paying Israel in 1952to compensate for the persecution of Jews by the Nazis.

As ascholar who has written on economic justice and the labor movement, I agree that reparations must have economic substance, because the impact of racism is inherently linked with power and money. But myresearch suggests another modelfor reparations: If one of the most significant aspects of slaveryeven if not the only onewas a massive disruption of labor relations, then a crucial part in the reparations discussion could involve reshaping the labor relationship between employers and employees today.

I believe such a reshaping of the labor relationship would substantially benefit the descendants of enslaved people in the United States. Labor, as my research has argued, has implications for all aspects of life and labor reform would, I believe, address many of the problems of structural racism as well. In addition, reshaping the labor relationship would also benefit all working people,including those who still experience enslavement today.

Labor relations can be considered distorted when one party profits disproportionally at the expense of another. In other words, it is a departure from a fair days pay for a fair days worka concept that forms a bedrock demand of the labor movement, alongside good working conditions.

This is not just a matter of money but also of power. Under the conditions of slavery, the distortion of labor relations was nearly complete. Slave owners pocketed the profits and claimed absolute power, while slaves had to obey and risk life and limb for no compensation.

Black Americans continue to be disadvantaged in the labor market today. As CEO compensationsoars, the number of Black CEOs remains remarkably low justfour Black CEOs were at Fortune 500 companiesas of March 2021. In general, the wage gap between Black and White employeeshas grown in recent years. Fueling these disparities, as well as building on them, is the structural racism that reparations could be designed to address.

Unionization can be a tool to rebalance labor relations and candiminish this racial gap,studies have shown. But union membership in generaland among Black workers in particularhasdeclined in recent decades. And a weaker labor movement is associated, studies show, withgreater racial wage disparity.

Another tool to rebalance labor relations is worker-owned cooperatives, which have along tradition in African American communitiesaseconomist Jessica Gordon Nembhardhas noted. From early on, she points out, African Americans realized that without economic justicewithout economic equality, independence, and stability social and political rights were hollow, or actually not achievable. Gordon Nembhards work also shows that such cooperatives were often fought and ultimately destroyed because they were so successful in empowering African American communities.

Some in the labor movement are beginning to link reparations with union rights. Laborlawyer Thomas Geogheganhas suggested that the proposed Protecting the Right to Organize Act, a bill before Congress that would strengthen workers rights and weaken anti-union right-to-work laws, should be viewed as a practical form of Black reparations. He argued inan article for The New Republicthat wealth redistribution through union membership is more permanent and lasting than a check written out as Black reparations, however much deserved, and far more likely to get a return over time.

While many disagree about the profits employers should be able to make from the labor of their employees, few disagree about the wrongness of practices like outrightwage theftwhich today takes the form of employers not paying part or all promised wages or paying less than mandated minimum wage. Even those who rarely worry about employers making too much profit would for the most part likely agree that wage theft is wrong. Agreement on this matter takes us back to slavery, which might be considered the ultimate wage theft.

Addressing the ongoing legacy of slavery and systemic racism requires not only economic solutions but also improving labor relations and protecting workers against wage discrimination, disempowerment at work, and violations such as wage theft thatdisproportionately affect workers of color.

Reparations that fail to pay attention to improving labor relations may not achieve economic equality. The reparations paid to Israel by Germany, for instance, have not helped to achieve economic equalitythe Israeli economy is still, alongside the U.S.s, among themost unequal in the developed world, with the richest 10% of each countrys population earning more than 15 times that of the poorest.

Simple monetary payouts are not, I believe, sufficient to solve the problem of racial inequality. Wage theft can again serve as the example here. While repaying stolen wagesasNew York state did in 2018by returning $35 million to workersis commendable, repaying stolen wages does not in itself change the skewed relationships between employer and employee that enable wage theft in the first place. Greater empowerment of working people is needed to do that.

So while redistributing money can be part of the solution, it may not go far enough.

Tying reparations to the improvement of labor relationswhich can happen through the empowerment of working people or the promotion ofworker-owned cooperativeswould not only help those most affected by wealth and employment gaps, Black Americans, it would alsobenefit others who have traditionally been discriminated againstin employment, such as women, immigrants, and many other working people.

Improving labor relations would address systemic racial discrimination where it is often most destructive and painful: at work, where people spend the bulk of their waking hours, and where the economic well-being of families and by extension entire communities can be decided.

This article was originally published byThe Conversation. It has been republished here with permission.

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Op-Ed: We need a living wage to end slavery’s legacy and celebrate Labor Day – Hyde Park Herald

Posted: at 6:10 am

On Labor Day, the Pullman National Monument will open in Chicago, celebrating the role of Black workers in the American labor movement and transforming our nations economy for the better. But theres a dark parallel to the Pullman story, which, unfortunately, is memorialized in the Illinois and United States policy to this day.

In the aftermath of the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War, train companies like Pullman and restaurants based in the South resisted paying newly-freed Black workers. Each industry and the rights of their workers literally ended up taking different paths. Train companies were expanding their reach into the North, especially through the new Pullman sleeper cars, and owner George Pullman was very clear that he wanted to hire formerly enslaved workers because they were accustomed to servitude and would work for rock bottom wages. Both Pullman and restaurant owners invented a new loophole to pay Black workers even less importing the idea of tipping from Europe, which had always been an expression of extra gratitude on top of wages by instead establishing tips as a replacement for wages. In fact, some white restaurant owners actually charged Black workers for the supposed privilege of being able to work for tips.

White unions had already set a precedent for labor organizing among train workers, but refused to organize Black workers among their ranks. Still, because of that and the fact that train work literally connected Black workers to each other and to more radical political networks in the North, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was eventually organized by A. Phillip Randolph as the first Black labor union in the nation. Among other reforms, the union quickly pushed to abandon tipping as a replacement for wages.

Restaurant workers followed a very different path and in 1938, when the first federal minimum wage was established, restaurant workers were among those exempted. They were legally allowed to be paid $0.00 for decades. Eventually, this was codified into a formal subminimum wage which is still law at the federal level, in Illinois and in 42 other states. Restaurant workers are legally paid less-than-full-minimum wage because customers are expected to pay their wages through tips.

This policy, a vestige of slavery, perpetuates racism and sexism across the industry. Today, nationwide, women have to rely on customers for their tips, no matter what. The subminimum wage is responsible for the restaurant industry having the single worst rates of sexual harassment compared to any other industry in the nation. Additionally, Black women tipped restaurant workers earn $4.79 less per hour than their white male colleagues largely because of discrimination in tipping patterns exacerbated by the subminimum wage. These conditions worsened during the pandemic, when tips decreased and health risks, hostility and harassment increased all leading to 53% of all Illinois restaurant workers and 57% of women restaurant workers in IL reporting that theyre considering leaving the industry. Illinois workers were significantly more likely than the national sample to report that a full, stable, livable wage would be the most likely factor to make them stay at their job (84% v 78%); clearly, if we want to let restaurants fully reopen statewide, we must address this direct legacy of slavery immediately.

There is no single museum or monument for the subminimum wage; but this horrid legacy of slavery is memorialized in every restaurant and bar and diner throughout Illinois. And ironically, while our state is helping lift up the positive example of the Pullman worker organizing for fair wages and justice, Illinois continues to perpetuate injustice by maintaining the subminimum wage for restaurant workers. Its a lose-lose proposition; we know that the seven states that have moved to One Fair Wage with tips on top have higher restaurant industry growth, higher small business growth rates and even higher rates of tipping. Everyone does better. And yet our state and our nation continue to prop up a slave-era policy that keeps workers down.

President Biden has been pushing legislation calling for a $15 minimum wage for tipped workers, with tips on top, and recently stated that this is the solution to the industrys staffing crisis. Now more than ever, Illinois needs to follow his lead and pay workers a living wage all while ending this legacy of slavery, especially as restaurant work is more dangerous during Covid and occupancy and tipping are down. Its a win win. We can save the restaurant industry while ensuring that restaurant workers are decently paid, safe and secure. If Illinois really wants to memorialize the leadership of the Pullman workers, it will end the subminimum wage and move to One Fair Wage with tips on top for all.

Fourth Ward Alderman Sophia King

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The storm before the storm – Workers World

Posted: at 6:10 am

There is no doubt that the climate catastrophe threatens the future of life on the planet. A massive mobilization of the working class will be needed to combat this threat.

But, as Hurricane Ida and the associated flooding revealed, this is not just a threat to future generations climate change is already a killer. Not only have dozens of people drowned in the hurricanes wake, but hundreds are dead from the heat wave in the Northwest.

Structural failures under capitalism are compounding the climate catastrophe for the working class. As the Sept. 3 New York Times admitted, Disasters cascading across the country this summer have exposed a harsh reality: The United States is not ready for the extreme weather that is now becoming frequent as a result of a warming planet.

We see a clear lack of preparedness in the richest country in the world. There is no regard for poor, oppressed and working-class people, who get no evacuation assistance in a life-threatening situation and are basically left to their own devices.

The trillion-dollar infrastructure bill passed by Congress includes $150 billion for clean energy and climate change protections. Tens of billions would also be utilized to fight extreme weather like drought, wildfire, flooding and erosion. (PBS, Aug. 5)

Tens of billions is woefully inadequate.

Consider, on the 16th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, how Louisiana and Mississippi were devastated, their governments still not fully prepared for another major weather event. One million people remain without power and with little gas and water during the worst heat of the summer.

Floods devastated New York City. Here, Harlem subway station.

Throughout New Yorks five boroughs and parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, people were trapped, some dying in flooded basement apartments, others unable to commute to work or do essential tasks due to collapsed roadways and bridges, totaled vehicles and flooded subways and expressways.

Lack of money isnt the problem. There is incredible wealth concentrated in New York City and the surrounding areas, yet workers who produce that wealth were helpless in the rush of floodwaters. If the financial fortunes in Wall St. alone were taxed at the same rate as an average worker, funds could be used to prevent many of these tragic deaths.

Manhattan is an island of asphalt, with too little exposed soil to absorb floodwaters. The land was stolen from Indigenous people and then built up to serve the interests of finance capital people and the environment be damned. As with every major urban center, money in the city budget needed for infrastructure repairs and improvements instead goes to city bondholders. Big Wall Street banks extort bloated interest payments from New York and other cash-strapped cities.

Time for system change, not climate change

The pattern of damage reflects the relationship between climate exposure and racial inequality; impacts were more apparent in low-income communities of color, which, because of historic inequalities, are more prone to flooding, receive less maintenance from city services and frequently experience lax housing code enforcement, the New York Times acknowledges.

Environmental terrorism and environmental racism in the U.S. are part of the legacy of capitalist development.

And the situation is far worse in the colonized Global South.

But socialist Cuba, with far fewer resources than the U.S., has created a model for hurricane evacuation that looks out for every human being and even pets and livestock. The whole population is mobilized, and no one is left to fend for themselves.

A program of working-class demands is necessary to meet the twin crises of global warming and faulty or woefully inadequate infrastructure: Money for flood protection and relief, not for war! Money for cooling centers in a heat wave, not for tax breaks to the rich! Money for green jobs, not interest to the banks! People and the planet before profits; make the fossil fuel industry pay to clean up the messes it made!

This is just a start. It will take a monumental struggle to win climate justice.

But rebellion is inevitable. Ida is the storm of wind and rain before the coming storm of protest. The challenge is to carry future waves of resistance through to their essential conclusion: a workers revolution for the abolition of capitalist wage-slavery.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, writing in 1848, said the workers have a world to win.

That worlds very fate is in our hands.

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